Components of Resistance & Dimensional Analysis MSP RAJU

Ship Resistance- Definition

When a body moves in any fluid, a force in opposite direction will act on the body. In ship case, this is known as Ship resistance. When a ship is towed by another ship, the tow force required to tow at a particular speed is known as the ship resistance in calm water. Assumption is that the towing ship motion is not affecting the towed ship. Since the ship is moving both in water and air, it will have both water resistance as well as air resistance.

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DAlembert paradox
When a body moves in non viscous fluid in submerged condition the net force acting on the ship is zero. But in reality all the fluids will have some viscosity, thereby any body moving in viscous fluid will be subjected to resistance force. This is known as DAlembert paradox.

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Resistance of submerged body

When a body moves in submerged condition in viscous fluid, the body is subjected to only viscous resistance.

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Components of resistance
As the ship is moving on the free surface, it will have both water resistance and air resistance. To the calm water resistance allowances will be given for wave resistance Remember wavemaking resistance is different from wave resistance

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Similarity
Geometrical Similarity : L1/ L2 = B1/B2 = T1 / T2 Kinematic similarity: V1/ V2 = Sqrt ( L1/L2 ) Dynamic similarity: R1 / 0.5A1 V12 = R2 / 0.5A1 V12 = ; 1 / 2 = 3

When two bodies are geometrically similar and they are moving in the water with kinematic similarity, automatically dynamic similarity will be met

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Non- Dimensional Numbers

Reynolds number : Rn = VL/ Where, = Viscosity, V = Velocity, = Density L = Length

Reynolds number relates to Frictional Resistance as the Viscosity term presents in the number Froude Number : Fn = V/ sqrt ( gL) Where, V= Velocity, L = Length, g = Gravitational acceleration Froude number relates to Wavemaking Resistance as the Gravitational acceleration term presents in the number
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Dimensional Analysis
Ship resistance depends on the velocity, density of the water, viscosity, gravitational acceleration and static pressure in the fluid.

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Dimensional Analysis ( contd)

Froudes Hypothesis : The wave making resistances of geometrically similar forms will be in the ratios of their displacements provided their speeds are in ratio of the of square roots of their lengths When two geometrically similar ships are at the same Froude number they are said to be run at corresponding speeds Rayleighs law: The frictional resistance of the geometrically similar forms will be the same if they are running at the same Reynolds number. V1L1 = V2 L2 Complete dynamic similarity for two geometrically similar ships can be achieved only if the Froude number and Reynolds number are equal for both bodies. This cannot be achieved for two bodies of different size running in the same fluid

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Slide 9

Total Hull Resistance

-Total Resistance of full scale ship can be determined using

CT , , S and VS

RT = 0.5 SVS CT
2

CT : determined by the model test

: available from water property table

S : obtained from Curves of form VS : Full scale ship speed
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