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I – Introduction
primary functions. The function of the vast majority of chlorophyll (up to several
hundred per photosystem) is to absorb light and transfer that light energy by
of light it absorbs, areas of a leaf containing the molecule will appear green.
II – Methods
a. Cover any part of healthy mature green leaf of any plant inside the
garden. Clip well so as not to allow sunlight to go through
b. Leave this set-up for a week. After such time, pick this leaf. Pick a
d. Take a small portion of a leaf and boil it for a few minutes in H 2O. drain
the H2O in beaker and replace it with alcohol and boil the leaf slowly until the
e. Test the piece for the presence of starch by using iodine solution. Do the
same with a piece of a leaf taken from another potted plant which has been left in
III – Results
a. Drawing (attached)
b. Questions:
photosynthesis?
ultimately solar-powered.
importance?
leaves.
in the Philippines?
a. Etiolation- the operation of blanching plants, by excluding
the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant
c. Discussion
red and blue light from the sunlight that falls on leaves. Therefore, the light
reflected by the leaves is diminished in red and blue and appears green. The
the aqueous solution that fills plant cells. Instead, they are attached to the
dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates. The function of the
IV – Conclusion
At the end of the experiment, I conclude that Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs
sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2 and water. This
process is known as photosynthesis and is the basis for sustaining the life processes of
all plants.
V – References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmolysis
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Plasmolysis/
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/photosyn.htm
Rhodophyta
Exercise No. 31
I. Introduction:
The Rhodophyta (red algae) are a distinct eukaryotic lineage characterized by the
1990). This is a large assemblage of between 2500 and 6000 species in about 670
largely marine genera (Woelkerling 1990) that predominate along the coastal and
continental shelf areas of tropical, temperate and cold-water regions (Lüning 1990). Red
for other marine organisms, and their important role in the primary establishment and
II. Methods:
A. Examine the red algae with a naked eye and with a hand lens or microscope.
III – Results
Drawing (attached)
Questions:
• floridean starch as a storage product and the storage of starch in the cytoplasm
algae.
the carotenes, some hydrogen atoms are substituted by hydroxyl groups and/or
some pairs of hydrogen atoms are substituted by oxygen atoms. They are found
in the leaves of most plants and are synthesized within the plastids.
• Carotene is used for several related substances having the formula C40H56.
responsible for the orange colour of the carrot and many other fruits and
absorbs to chlorophyll.
pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving
chlorophyll. All phycobiliproteins are water soluble and therefore cannot exist
within the membrane like carotenoids, but aggregate forming clusters that
• Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple,
Anthocyanins are synthesized by organisms in the plant kingdom, and have been
observed to occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots,
flowers, and fruits. Anthoxanthins are their clear, white to yellow plant pigment
counterparts.
III. Discussion:
(Woelkerling 1990). This is a large assemblage of between 2500 and 6000 species in
about 670 largely marine genera (Woelkerling 1990) that predominate along the coastal
and continental shelf areas of tropical, temperate and cold-water regions (Lüning 1990).
establishment and maintenance of coral reefs. Some red algae are economically
Red algae are red because of the presence of the pigment phycoerythrin; this
pigment reflects red light and absorbs blue light. Because blue light penetrates water to
a greater depth than light of longer wavelengths, these pigments allow red algae to
photosynthesize and live at somewhat greater depths than most other "algae". Some
rhodophytes have very little phycoerythrin, and may appear green or bluish from the
Traditionally the red algae were divided into two Classes the Bangiophyceae and
Red algae have a number of general characteristics that in combination distinguish them
cytoplasm
IV. Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, I conclude that Rhodophyta is red algae are red
because of the presence of the pigment phycoerythrin; this pigment reflects red light
and absorbs Thus, in this experiment I able to view and know the general
characteristics of the red algae that will distinguish them from other algae and other
eukaryotic groups. Red algae are important builders of limestone reefs. And also I able
to know that rhodophyta don’t have flagellata. Rhodophyta play an important part in the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodophyta
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Rhodophyta&contgroup=Eukaryotes
http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhodophyta
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rhodophyta
Family: Acanthacaca
Scientific name: Pachystachysc Lutae
Common name: Yellow Shrimp Plant
Locality: House Garden
Habitat: Terrestrial
Collector: Ireneo Dordas II
Identified: Dr. Adorico Aya-ay
Family:
Scientific name:
Common name:
Locality:
Habitat:
Collector: Ireneo Dordas II
Identified: Dr. Adorico Aya-ay