Studia Universitatis

EFECTUL ALELOPATIC AL EXTRACTULUI APOS DE HREAN

(ARMORACIA RUSTICANA L.) ASUPRA GERMINAĥIEI ûI CREûTERII
PLANTULELOR DE MAZąRE (PISUM SATIVUS L.) ûI DE CASTRAVEĥI
(CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)

Sorina Corbu*, Dorina CDFKLĠă Cosma, Monica ùLSRú

Universitatea din Oradea

THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF HORSERADISH (ARMORACIA RUSTICANA L.) WATER EXTRACT,

ON PEA (PISUM SATIVUS L.) AND CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.), GERMINATION AND
PLANTELS GROWTH. In this study, we purpose to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of allelopathic substances
from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) on pea (Pisum sativus L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
seeds germinated, made on filter paper substrate, moisted with horseradish water extract, used in different
concentrations (5, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100%); after 7 days of germination, we determined the length of the
roots and shoots. The results which were obtained denoted a significant negative influence exercited by this
extracts on seeds germination, and on plantlets growth, especially, of the solutions which were prepared
from the roots harvested in the flowering period of the plant.

Keywords: allelopathy, stimulation, inhibition, germination, growing

INTRODUCERE
$OHORSDWLD HVWH FDSDFLWDWHD SODQWHORU VXSHULRDUH úL
inferioare de-D SURGXFH VXEVWDQĠH FKLPLFH FDUH
HOLEHUDWH vQ PHGLX LQIOXHQĠHD]ă IDYRUDELO VDX
nefavorabil dezvoltarea altor organisme (Rice, 1984).
(IHFWHOH DOHORSDWLFH VXQW SURGXVH GH VXEVWDQĠHOH
chimice GHVRUELWH vQ PHGLXO H[WHULRU GH FăWUH XQHOH
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secundari de metabolism), cum sunt: fenoli, terpene,
DOFDORL]L SROLDFHWLOHQH DFL]L JUDúL SHSWLGH úL DOĠLL
$FHVWH VXEVWDQĠH FKLPLFH VXQW SUH]HQWH vQ GLIHULWH
organe ale multor specii vegetale cum sunt frunzele,
IORULOH IUXFWHOH úL VHPLQĠHOH GDU úL vQ WXOSLQL úL vQ
UăGăFLQL PDL DOHV D FHORU SHUHQH 0LUy FRODE 
Delachiave, 1999).
Efectele alelopaWLHL LQFOXG DEVRUEĠLD QXWULĠLD
GLYL]LXQHD FHOXODUă JHUPLQDĠLD VHPLQĠHORU úL D
SROHQXOXL FUHúWHUHD IRWRVLQWH]D UHVSLUDĠLD úL XQHOH
IXQFĠLLHQ]LPDWLFHVSHFLILFH (LQKHOOLJ  ILJ 
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produceUHD úL HOLEHUDUHD vQ PHGLXD XQRU FRPSXúL
ILWRWR[LFL SHQWUX XQHOH VSHFLL YHJHWDOH YL]HD]ă
DEVRUEĠLD úL WUDQVORFDĠLD VXEVWDQĠHORU DOHORFKLPLFH vQ
RUJDQLVPXOUHFHSWRU )HUUHLUDúL$TXLOD 
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alelopatic, suQW SUH]HQĠL YLUWXDO – vQ FDQWLWăĠL PLFL - în
WRDWHĠHVXWXULOHSODQWHORU(LvúLH[HUFLWăHIHFWXOILHSULQ
VWUXFWXUD ORU FKLPLFă SDUWLFXODUă ILH VH FRQVWLWXLH vQ
SUHFXUVRUL DL DOWRU FRPSXúL ILWRWR[LFL UH]XOWDĠL GLQ
GHVFRPSXQHUHDPLFURELDQăDDFHVWRUDvQVRODFHúWLDVH
SRWIRUPDvQVXEVWDQĠHGHFUHúWHUHvQXUPDSURGXFHULL–
la nivelul lor – DXQRUPRGLILFăULIL]LFHúLFKLPLFHFHOH
PRGLILFăSURSULHWăĠLOHLQLĠLDOHÌQVWXGLXODOHORSDWLHLFHD
PDL FULWLFă vQWUHEDUH HVWH DFHHD Fă DFHúWL FRPSXúL VH
HOLEHUHD]ă vQ PHGLX vQ FDQWLWăĠL GHVWXO GH PDUL DVWIHO
vQFkW vQ DFHVW PRG HL GHFODQúHD]ă UHDFĠLL DGYHUVH vQ
DOWH RUJDQLVPH  DIODWH vQ LPHGLDWD ORU YHFLQăWDWH
$QD\DúL&UX]-Ortega, 2001).
Hreanul (Armoracia rusticana L., familia
%UDVVLFDFHDH  HVWH R SODQWă HUEDFHH SHUHQă RULJLQDUă
GLQUHJLXQLOHvQYHFLQDWH0ăULL1HJUHúLvQ(XURSDHVWH
FXOWLYDWăFDOHJXPăúLFDSODQWăPHGLFLQDOă
HUHDQXO DUH vQ VRO UăGăFLQL SXWHUQLF GH]YROWDWH
groase de 3-FPúLOXQJLGH-FP &LRIXúLFRODE
2003). Pe lungimea sa, aceVWDSUH]LQWăQXPHURúLRFKL
dorminzi, ceea ce face - mai ales când plantele sunt
mai tinere - FD RULFH SRUĠLXQH GLQ UL]RP SXVă vQ
FRQGLĠLL SULHOQLFH Vă GHD QDúWHUH OD R QRXă SODQWă
3kUYX DVLJXUkQGvQPXOĠLUHDYHJHWDWLYăDDFHVWHL
plante. Tulpina OXL IORULIHUă HVWH HUHFWă ILVWXORDVă
vQDOWă GH - FP JODEUă úL UDPLILFDWă vQ SDUWHD
VXSHULRDUă )UXQ]HOH ED]DOH VXQW GLVSXVH vQ UR]HWă HOH
VXQW PDUL DOXQJLWH RYDW ODQFHRODWH úL HOLSWLFH FX
PDUJLQHD OLPEXOXL ILQ GLQĠDWă VDX FUHVWDWă +UHDQXO
înflRUHúWH LQ SHULRDGD PDL – august. Florile sunt mici,
DOEH úL JUXSDWH vQ LQIORUHVFHQĠă GH WLS UDFHP &LRIX úL
FRODE   )UXFWXO KUHDQXOXL HVWH R VLOLFYă PLFă
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VWHULOHÌQFRQGLĠLLOHĠăULLQRDVWUHVH vQPXOĠHúWHH[FOXVLY
SH FDOH YHJHWDWLYă – SULQ SRUĠLXQL GH UăGăFLQă 3kUYX
1991).
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DWULEXLW HOLEHUăULL vQ PHGLXO vQFRQMXUăWRU D
izotiocianatului de alil, compus volatil (Choesin;
Boerner, 1991), un derivat al sinigrinei.
6LQLJULQDIDFHSDUWHGLQFODVDJOXFRVLQRODĠLORUFDUH
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cristale, cu puQFWXO GH WRSLUH GH & (D HVWH XúRU
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6WXGLD8QLY9DVLOH*ROGLú6HULDùW9LHĠLL9RO7-1, 2007
© 2007 Vasile Goldis Univ. Press 51
http://www.uvvg.ro/studia
Studia Universitatis
FORURIRUPÌQUăGăFLQDGHKUHDQVHJăVHúWHPLUR]LQD]D
HQ]LPă FH GHVFRPSXQH VLQLJULQD vQ L]RWLRFLDQDWXO GH
DOLOJOXFR]ăúLVXOIDWDFLGGHSRWDVLX 1HDPĠX).
Gerard (1597) (citat de Wilson, 1997)., descria
hreanul (folosind denumirea de „Raphanus rusticanus”)
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LQIRUPDĠLL SULYLQG ILWRWR[LFLWDWHD KUHDQXOXL PRWLY
pentru care ne-DP SURSXV Vă HYDOXăP efectul fitotoxic
DOVXEVWDQĠHORUDOHORSDWLFHGLQKUHDQDVXSUDJHUPLQDĠLHL
VHPLQĠHORU úL  FUHúWHULL SODQWXOHORU GH PD]ăUH 3LVXP
VDWLYXP/ úLGHFDVWUDYHĠL &XFXPLVVDWLYXV/ 
0$7(5,$/ù,0(72'(
Materialul vegetal din care am extras un preparat cu
potHQĠLDOH HIHFWH DOHORSDWLFH D IRVW UHSUH]HQWDW GH
IUDJPHQWHSURDVSHWHGHUăGăFLQăGHKUHDQUHFROWDWHGLQ
JUăGLQD GH OHJXPH vQ SHULRDGH GLIHULWH GH YHJHWDĠLH
UHVSHFWLY OD vQFHSXW GH SULPăYDUă vQ OXQD PDUWLH 
vQDLQWH GH DSDULĠLD SULPHORU IUXQ]H DSRL YDUa (în luna
LXQLH  vQ SHULRDGD GH vQIORULUH D SODQWHL úL WRDPQD
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PRPHQW vQ FDUH HUDX DFXPXODWH GHMD VXEVWDQĠHOH GH
UH]HUYă GHVWLQDWH VXSUDYLHĠXLULL DFHVWRUD SH WLPSXO
iernii.
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amestecul s-DOăVDWODPDFHUDWWLPSGHRUHGXSăFDUH
supernatantul a fost decantat, iar extractul a fost filtrat
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vQWUHEXLQĠDUHODvQWXQHULFODWHPSHUDWXUDGHºC.
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VROXĠLD PXPă DUELWUDU FRQVLGHUDWă  V-au efectuat
GLOXĠLL FX DSă GLVWLODWă  REĠLQkQG-VH XUPăWRDUHOH
FRQFHQWUDĠLLOH ILQDOH  9   9   9 
  9    9  úL   96), constituind 6
variante experimentale.
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PDWHULDO SODVWLF WUDQVSDUHQW úL LQFRORU SH VXEVWUDW
FRQVWkQG GLQ KkUWLH GH ILOWUX XPLGLILFDWă FX H[WUDFW GH
GLIHULWHFRQFHQWUDĠLLGHH[WUDFWGHKUHDQ YDULDQWHle V1-
9 ODORWXOPDUWRUKkUWLDGHILOWUXDIRVWXPLGLILFDWăFX
DSă GLVWLODWă 8PLGLWDWHD KkUWLHL GH ILOWUX D IRVW
PHQĠLQXWăSULQDGăXJDUHD]LOQLFă- în fiecare germinator
- D FkWH PO GH OLFKLG RFD]LH FX FDUH VH HIHFWXD úL
aerisirea germinatoarelor; umHFWDUHD LQLĠLDOă D
germinatoarelor s-D IăFXW FX PO GH OLFKLG UHJLP GH
hidratare egal la toate variantele experimentale.
Dimensiunile casoletelor au fost de 18,5 cm lungime,
GHFPOăĠLPHúLvQăOĠLPHDGHFPVXILFLHQWăSHQWUX
D SHUPLWH FUHúWHUHD QHVWLPJKHULWă D SODQWXOHORU vQ
SULPHOHúDSWH]LOHGHJHUPLQDĠLH
'XSă PRQWDUHD H[SHULPHQWXOXL FDVROHWHOH DX IRVW
SăVWUDWH OD WHPSHUDWXUD FDPHUHL UHVSHFWLY R “R&
ODOXPLQăLQGLUHFWăFXYDULDĠLLOHGLXUQHVSHFLILFH
52
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PRQWDUHDH[SHULPHQWHORULDUODúDSWH]LOHGHODLQLĠLHUHD
lor s-DX HIHFWXDW PăVXUăWRUL ELRPHWULFH SULYLQG
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SUH]HQĠDvQVXEVWUDWXOGH JHUPLQDĠLHDH[WUDFWXOXLDSRV
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UH]XOWDWHOH REĠLQXWH OD ORWXO PDUWRU VHPLQĠH JHUPLQDWH
SH DSă GLVWLODWă YDORUL FRQVLGHUDWH GH UHIHULQĠă
respective de 100%.
Rezultatele studiului au fost analizate statistic prin
DQDOL]D YDULDQĠHL 3HQWUX VWDELOLUHD VHPQLILFDĠLHL
GLIHUHQĠHORU GLQWUH GDWHOH REĠLQXWH SHQWUX YDULDQWHOH
H[SHULPHQWDOH úL YDULDQWD PDUWRU V-a aplicat metoda
GLIHUHQĠHORUOLPLWă'/ 6ăXOHVFX 
5(=8/7$7(ù,',6&8ğ,,
$QDOL]D YDULDQĠHL UHOHYă LQIOXHQĠD QHJDWLYă
VHPQLILFDWLYăSkQăODIRDUWHVHPQLILFDWLYăDH[WUDFWXOXL
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SHULRDGHGHYHJHWDĠLHDVXSUDJHUPLQDĠLHLVHPLQĠHORUúL
FUHúWHULL SODQWXOHORU GH PD]ăUH úL GH FDVWUDYHĠL
Valorile parametrilRU HYDOXDĠL DX GHSLQV – în primul
rând - GH FRQFHQWUDĠLD H[WUDFWXOXL XWLOL]DW GH SHULRDGD
GHYHJHWDĠLHDSODQWXOHORUUHVSHFWLYGHVH]RQXOvQFDUH
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ÌQ ILJXUD  VXQW SUH]HQWDWH VXE IRUPă GH
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SXQHUHD VHPLQĠHORU OD JHUPLQDW ÌQ JHQHUDO HIHFWHOH
extracWXOXL DSRV SUHSDUDW GLQ UăGăFLQD GH KUHDQ
reFROWDWă SULPăYDUD  vQDLQWH GH DSDULĠLD IUXQ]HORU
DVXSUDJHUPLQDĠLHLVHPLQĠHORUDXIRVWDVHPăQăWRDUHFX
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IUXQ]HORU ÌQ FRQFHQWUDĠLL UHGXVH GH  9  úL 
9  H[WUDFWHOH DX LQKLEDW VHPQLILFDWLY JHUPLQDĠLD
VHPLQĠHORUGHPD]ăUHvQWLPSFHDVXSUDVHPLQĠHORUGH
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 úL  9-V4), extractele respective au indus
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foarte semnificative din punct de vedere statistic. La
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SXWHUQLFă vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH JHUPLQDĠLD VHPLQĠHORU GH
FDVWUDYHĠL OD FDUH V-a înregistrat, în sezonul de
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 9 úLGH 9 vQUHJLVWUkQGX-VHRVFăGHUH
D SURFHQWXOXL GH VHPLQĠH JHUPLQDWH FX  úL
respectiv cu 71,67%.
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VHPLQĠHORUGHPD]ăUHúLGHFDVWUDYHĠLO-a avut extractul
REĠLQXW GLQ UăGăFLQă GH KUHDQ UHFROWDă vQ SHULRDGD GH
înflorire a plantei. Din datele prezentate în figura 1 se
poate constata faptXO Fă VXE DFĠLXQHD FRPSXúLORU
Studia Univ. Vasile GROGLú6HULDùW9LHĠLL9RO7-1, 2007
© 2007 Vasile Goldis Univ. Press
http://www.uvvg.ro/studia

LQKLELWRUL H[LVWHQĠL vQ H[WUDFWXO GH KUHDQ UHFROWDW vQ
perioada de înflorire, s-a SURGXVRVFăGHUHDQXPăUXOXL
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9 /DDFHDVWăFRQFHQWUDĠLHODPD]ăUHV-a înregistrat
R LQKLELĠLH IRDUWH VHPQLILFDWLYă VWDWLVWLF GH  úL
GH  OD FDVWUDYHĠL vQ UDSRUW FX YDORULOH
înregistrate la lotul martor (fig. 1, V4).
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úL GH  9  DOH H[WUDFWXOXL GH UăGăFLQă UHFROWDWă
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H[WUDFWXOXL GHWHUPLQă R[LGDUHD ĠHVXWXULORU VHPLQĠHORU
embrionii acestora în final murind.
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crescute pe hârtie de filtru umeFWDWă FX DFHVW H[WUDFW
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foliare, au inhibat foarte semnificativ din punct de
YHGHUHVWDWLVWLFFUHúWHUHDvQ lungime a plantulelor.
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variantele experimentale s-au înregistrat numai valori
SURFHQWXDOH QHJDWLYH vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH FUHúWHUHD
organelor plantulelor, o sensibilitate mai mare
prezentând plantulele de cDVWUDYHĠL OD FDUH FUHúWHUHD
UăGăFLQLĠHL D IRVW LQKLEDWă FX  úL FX  D
WXOSLQLĠHLGLPHQVLXQLOHPHGLLDOHvQWUHJLLSODQWXOHILLQG
FX    PDL UHGXVH vQ FRQGLĠLLOH JHUPLQăULL
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 9 DUHGXVDOXQJLUHDUăGăFLQLĠHLFXLDUD
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plantule a reprezentat 8,63%, în raport cu parametrul
VLPLODU XUPăULW OD ORWXO PDUWRU /D FRQFHQWUDĠLL
superioare de úLGHDOHH[WUDFWXOXLSUHSDUDW
GLQUăGăFLQăGHKUHDQUHFROWDWăvQSHULRDGDGHvQIORULUH
SURFHVXO GH IRUPDUH úL GH FUHúWHUH D SODQWXOHORU
analizate a încetat.
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JHUPLQDĠLD VHPLQĠHORU D IRVW PDL SXĠLQ VHQVLELOă OD
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FRPSDUDWLY FX FUHúWHUHD SODQWXOHORU FRQVWDWDUH
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Pisum sativum

120.00%

100.00% v1
80.00% v2
v3
%

60.00%
v4
40.00% v5
20.00% v6

0.00%
radacinita tulpinita plantula radacinita tulpinita plantula radacinita tulpinita plantula

inaite de infrunzire perioada de inflorire dupa caderea frunzelor

Cucumis sativus

120.00%

100.00% v1
80.00% v2
v3
60.00%
v4
40.00% v5
20.00% v6
0.00%
radacinita tulpinita plantula radacinita tulpinita plantula radacinita tulpinita plantula

inaite de infrunzire perioada de inflorire dupa caderea frunzelor

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http://www.uvvg.ro/studia
Studia Universitatis
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SHUHQHÌQ7UDWDWGHOHJXPLFXOWXUă(GLW&HUHV
%XFXUHúWLS-989.
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SRWHQĠLDO RI %UDVVLFD QDSXV %UDVVLFDFHDH 
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NeDPĠX *  ,QWHUDFĠLXQL ELRFKLPLFH vQWUH
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introductive de valorificare a rezultatelor
H[SHULPHQWDOH ÌQ &kPSXO GH ([SHULHQĠă
p:191-200, 213-215.
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&RUHVSRQGHQĠD Corbu S., Universitatea din Oradea
Primit: 28 Ianuarie 2007; Revizuit: 3 martie 2007;
Acceptat: 18 aprilie 2007
Studia Univ. Vasile GROGLú6HULDùW9LHĠLL9RO7-1, 2007
© 2007 Vasile Goldis Univ. Press
http://www.uvvg.ro/studia
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.