Contents

Introduction 1. The Pathological Processes 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. Atherosclerotic Cancer Infection Autoimmune and Inflammatory Metabolic and Endocrine Congenital Traumatic Drug-induced

1 3 3 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 11 13 19 23 27 31 35 47 75 79

2. The System Failures 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9. Heart Failure Lung or Respiratory Failure Intestinal or Gut Failure Liver Failure Renal Failure Endocrine Dysfunctions Neurology Rheumatological Failure Haematological Failure
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2.10. 2.11. 2.12. 2.13. 2.14.

Immunodeficiency Major Sepsis Major Haemorrhage Cancer Some Words About Blood Gases

83 87 91 94 96 99 101 105 110 112 114 116 119 123 124 126 128 130 133 137

3. Some Typical Patient Pictures 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. The The The The The The The Arteriopath Alcoholic Medical Problems of the Psychotic Intravenous Drug User (IVDU) Very Sick Patient Elderly Patient Very Obese

4. Four Lists of Ten 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. The The The The Ten Ten Ten Ten Most Most Most Most Important Emergencies Common Presenting Complaints Useful Tests Useful Drugs

Abbreviations Glossary

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