Contents

Preface List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 Clerking Patients 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Chapter 2 History Taking Chest Pain Dyspnoea Palpitations Syncope Oedema Assessment of Cardiac Risk Factors Social Circumstances Implications in Primary Care Examination of a Patient Worked Example Presenting Patients Summarising Your History

vii xiii 1 1 3 6 8 10 11 12 17 17 18 30 34 34 37 37 40 46 50 52 55

Bedside Teaching 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Tackling Murmurs Systolic Murmurs Diastolic Murmurs Valve Replacement Other Common Murmurs Other Bedside Conditions
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Contents

Chapter 3

Investigations 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Blood Tests Electrocardiography (ECG) Anatomical Localisation of Myocardial Infarction ECG Examples Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) Cardiac Imaging Echocardiography (ECHO) Stress Echocardiography Transoesophageal Echocardiography (TOE) Myocardial Perfusion Scan (Thallium or MIBI Scan) MUGA Multi Gated Acquisition Scan Coronary Angiography CT Coronary Angiogram

63 63 71 86 90 90 91 92 95 96 97 97 97 102 107 107 110 115 115 117 118 120 131 139 148 156 158

Chapter 4

Commonly Encountered Conditions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 Atherosclerosis Angina Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) Unstable Angina (UA) Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Other Arrhythmias Hypertension Heart Failure Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) Cardiomyopathy (CM)

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Contents

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4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Chapter 5

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM) Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) Cardiac Pacing

158 161 163 164 166 168 177 177 184 191 197 201 207 212 216 218 225 226 229 229 231

Cardiovascular Drugs 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Antiplatelet Agents Anticoagulants Beta-Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) Statins Diuretics Ace Inhibitors Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Anti-arrhythmics Nitrates Potassium Channel Openers

Chapter 6

In Theatre 6.1 6.2 Anatomy of the Heart Patients Having Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Chapter 7

Management Cribsheets 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Management of Acute Pulmonary Oedema Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes Management of NSTEMI and Unstable Angina Management of Arrhythmias

235 235 239 243 244

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Contents

7.5 7.6 Chapter 8

Management of Bradyarrhythmias Management of Tachyarrhythmias

245 246 249 249 256 256 258 258 258 259 261 267

Appendix 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 ECG Examples How to Measure Blood Pressure Some Important Principles in Cardiology Brugada Syndrome Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome Romano-Ward Syndrome

References Index

CARDIOLOGY TO IMPRESS - The Ultimate Guide for Students and Junior Doctors Imperial College Press http://www.worldscibooks.com/medsci/p704.html