INDEX

S.No Date Name of the Experiment Page No Date of Submissio n Signature

Ex.No: 1 Date :

Design of (Single)IC Power Supply

Aim: To design and test the Ic power supply. Apparatus required:

S.No Components IC7805 1 2 3 4 5 6 7.

Diode BY127 Capacitors Digital multimeter Transformer Bread board Connecting wires

Range (100 F,25V)

Quantity 1 2 2 1 1 1 -

(9-0-9V)

Theory: 78XX series are 3 terminal, positive fixed voltage regulators. There are 7 output voltage options available such as 5,6,8,12,15, 16, 24 V. The last 2 nos indicate the o/p voltage. The 79XX series are fixed o/p negative voltage regulators. A capacitor is usually connected between i/p terminal and ground to cancel the inductive effects due to long distribution leads. The o/p capacitor improves the transient response. The unregulated o/p voltage must be at least 2V more than the regulated o/p voltage. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2.Measure the regulated dc output voltage. 3.Using the digital multimeter measure the output voltage. 4.Tabulate the readings.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

VIN IC 7805

VOUT

BY 127

100uf,25V

100uf,25v

V3

230V,50Hz 1 2

DIGITAL MULTIMETER
5V

BY 127

PIN DIAGRAM:
IC 7805

Pin Details: 7805 1=Input 2=Gnd 3=Output

1 2 3 In Gnd Out

TABULATION: THEORETICAL VALUE(V) PRACTICAL VALUE(V)

RESULT:

Ex.No: 2 Date :

Dual Power Supply

Aim: Design and construct a dual power supply. Apparatus required:

S.No Components IC7805,IC 7905 1 2 3

Diode 1N4007 Capacitors

Range (100 F,25 V) (10 F,63V)

Quantity 1 (each) 4 2 2 1 1 1 -

4 5 6 7.

Digital multimeter Transformer(9-0-9V) Bread board Connecting wires

(9-0-9V)

Theory: Many discrete IC circuits require bipolar ie, dual or positive,negative supplies.This can be done with 2 or 3 terminal regulators.IC 7805 is a +5v regulator.IC 7905 is 5v regulator.The pin configuration for both regulators are different.The supply from the mains 230V ac single phase is stepped down to a lower value using the transformer.The bridge rectifier produces dc rectified o/p voltage that is limited to +5 v using both regulators. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2.Measure the regulated dc output voltage. 3.Using the digital multimeter measure the output voltage. 4.Tabulate the readings.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
2 1
1 D2 1N4007 VIN 7805 10uf,63V 100uf,25V 2 +5V VOUT 3 + D1 1N4007

DIGITAL MULTIMETER
-

230V AC,50Hz 9-0-9V

D3 1N4007

100uf,25V D4 1N4007 1 2 VIN 7905 VOUT 3 3 10uf,63V

-5V

DIGITAL MULTIMETER
+

Pin Details: 7805 1=Input 2=Gnd 3=Output

IC 7805

Pin Details: 7905 1= Gnd 2= Input 3=Output

IC 7905

1 2 3 In Gnd Out

1 2 3 Gnd In Out

TABULATION: THEORETICAL VALUE(V) PRACTICAL VALUE(V)

RESULT:

Ex.No: 3 Date :

Ic Voltage Regulator Low Voltage Type

Aim: Design and construct a low voltage type regulator using Ic 723. Apparatus required:

S.No Components IC 723 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7. 8.

Theory:

Range 2.2k ,1k ,680

(100 F,25V)

Quantity 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 -

Resistor
Capacitors Digital multimeter RPS Rheostat Bread board Connecting wires

(0-30)V
(0-350 ,1.5A)

By using IC 723, we can obtain a wide range of both positive and negative regulated voltage. The block diagram has 2 sections. One section has a zener diode, a constant current source and reference amplifier produce a fixed voltage of about 7V.The other section has an error amplifier, a series pass transistor Q1 and a current limit transistor Q2The difference is fed back to the inverting terminal which is amplified by the error amplifier. The output of the error amplifier drives the pass transistor Q1 so as to minimize the difference. Since Q1 operates as emitter follower. V0=Vref[R2/R1+R2)] The drop or rise of voltage is compensated by the 2 sections selective operation. The reference voltage is typically 7V. V0=7.15[R2/(R1+R2)] Which is always lesser than 7.15V.Hence it is a low voltage regulator. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2.Measure the regulated dc output voltage. 3.Using the digital multimeter measure the output voltage.

4.Tabulate the readings.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PIN details:

1,8,14-NC 2-current limit 3-Current sense 4-Inverting input 5-non-inverting input 6-Vref

9=Vz 10=Vout 11=Vc 12=V+ 13=Frequency compensation 7=V-

Tabulation: LOAD REGULATION: Input voltage: Load resistance( ) Output voltage(V)

LINE REGULATION: Load resistance( ) : Input voltage Output voltage(V)

Model Graph: Load Regulation:

Line Regulation:

Output Voltage (V) Load resistance( )

output Voltage Input voltage(v)

Formula: Vref=7V; R1=2.2k; R2=1k; R3=R1 *R2 V0=Vref[R2/(R1+R2)]

Manual Calculation :

RESULT:

Ex.No: 4 Date :

IC Voltage Regulator High Voltage Type

Aim: Design and construct a high voltage type Ic regulator using Ic 723. Apparatus required:

S.No Components IC 723 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7. 8. Resistor

Capacitors Digital multimeter RPS Rheostat Bread board Connecting wires

Range 2.2k ,1k

(100 F,25V)

Quantity 1 2,1 2 1 1 1 1 -

(0-30)V
(0-350 ,1.5A)

Theory: A simple high voltage regulator can be made using IC 723 by constructing a circuit such that the non-inverting terminal is connected to Vref through R3.So the voltage at the non-inverting terminal is Vref. The error amplifier operates as a non-inverting amplifier with a voltage gain of Av=1+ (R1/R2).So the voltage for the circuit is V0=7.15[1+(R1/R2)]. Line regulation: It is the change in o/p voltage for the change in the i/p voltage. Usually expressed in mv or % of o/p voltage. Load regulation: It is the change in i/p voltage for the change in load circuit. Usually expressed in mv or % of o/p voltage. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2.Measure the regulated dc output voltage. 3.Using the digital multimeter measure the output voltage. 4.Tabulate the readings.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PIN details:

1,8,14-NC 2-current limit 3-Current sense 4-Inverting input 5-non-inverting input 6-Vref 7=V-

9=Vz 10=Vout 11=Vc 12=V+ 13=Frequency compensation

Tabulation: LOAD REGULATION: Input voltage: Load resistance( ) Output voltage(V)

LINE REGULATION: Load resistance( ): Input voltage Output voltage(V)

Model Graph: Load Regulation: Line Regulation:

Output Voltage (V) Load resistance( )

output Voltage Input voltage(v)

Formula: R1=2.2k; R2=1k R3=R1*R2

Manual Calculation :

RESULT:

Ex.No: 5 Date :

Design of Instrumentation Amplifier with Digital Indication

Aim: Design of Instrumentation Amplifier with Digital Indication and to study its working. Apparatus required:

S.No Components Instrumentation 1

Amplifier Kit

Range -

Quantity 1 1 1

2 3

Digital multimeter Connecting wires

Theory:
An instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been specifically designed to have characteristics suitable for use in measurement and test equipment. These characteristics include very low DC offset, low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain, very high common-mode rejection ratio, and very high input impedances. They are used where great accuracy and stability of the circuit both short- and long-term are required. The most commonly used instrumentation amplifier circuit is shown in the figure. The gain of the circuit is

The ideal common-mode gain of an instrumentation amplifier is zero. In the circuit shown, common-mode gain is caused by mismatches in the values of the equally numbered resistors and by the non-zero common mode gains of the two input op-amps. Obtaining very closely matched resistors is a significant difficulty in fabricating these circuits, as is optimizing the common mode performance of the input op-amps.

DESIGN & CALCULATIONS IF ANY:

Let R1= R2 = R3 = Rgain = 10 K then Vout = (1+2) (V2-V1) Vout = 3 (V2-V1)

Procedure: 1. Patch the connections and connect the design resistance Rg extending to have the desired gain. 2. Measure the input voltage at Vin1 and Vin2 using digital multimeter. 3. The difference in Vin2- Vin1 is amplified and indicated in LCD display. 4. Check the theoretical value with the experimental value. 5. Find the practical value of gain for 1,10,100.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER USING 741 IC. R1

+12V

LM741

R5
6

VIN 1

R3
2

+12V

7
+

R7
R2

-12V

LM741

Output

R4

4
-12V +12V

R6
6

DMM

VIN 2

4
-12V

TABULATION:

S.NO

THEORTICAL VALUE
GAIN SETTING VIN1 (mv) VIN2 (mv) VIN 1-VIN 2 VOUT (mv)

7
LM741

PRACTICAL VALUE
GAIN=VOUT/VIN 2-VIN 1

Manual Calculation :

RESULT:

Ex.No: 6

Date :

Wireless Data Modem

Aim: To construct and test the data output through a wireless data modem. Apparatus required:

S.No Components Wireless data 1 2 3

modem kit CRO Connecting probes

Range (0-30)MHz
-

Quantity 1 1 2

Theory: The word MODEM is a contraction of words modulator-demodulator. It is typically used to send serial data over telephone lines. The sending modem modulates the data into a signal that is compatible with the phone lines and the receiving modem demodulates the signal to get back the data. Wireless modem convert digital data into radio signals and back. Simplex transmission(300 baud) has been incorporated in this trainer, in order to reduce the complexity of the model and for case understanding of circuitry. Also the modem has been split up into transmitter and receiver sections. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2.Set the input through CRO. 3.Get the output through CRO. 4.Tabulate the readings of both input and output waveforms.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: TRANSMITTER:

RECEVIER:

MODEL GRAPH: Transmitted Signal: Vin

time(msec)

Received Signal:

Vout 0 time(msec)

Tabulation: Type of data Transmitted data Received data RESULT: Voltage(V) Time(msec)

Ex.No: 7

Date :

Microprocessor based System Design (Home Security System)

Aim: To study the automatic home security system using 8085 microprocessor ALGORITHM:

1.change the program from EPROM location to 8085 RAM location 4100 2.now set password at 8085 at location 4500 3.execute the program. 4.when ever password match with set password. 5.door wait open close with time delay.

PROGRAM:

RESULT:

Ex.No: 8 Date :

Dsp Based System Design

Aim: To study (i) The PCM based stereo audio code (16 bit loop back) (ii) The PCM based stereo audio code store (16 bit loop back) (iii) The PCM based stereo audio code retrieval(16 bit loop back) ALGORITHM:

1.Start the program. 2.For voice loop program user download same program to c5416 kit. 3.Select menu bar debug run-ok,speaker producer output while user is speaking. 4.For voice storing and retrieval program initially user has to copy voice storing program in 1541601 universal debugger.

RESULT:

Ex.No: 9 Date :

PROCESS CONTROL TIMER

Aim: To Generate the real time clock to the control system. PROCEDURE:

1.Connect 12v(+ ,-) terminal to (+,-)terminalof relay1 and relay 2 2.enter on and off time. 3.execute the program 4.when the real time reach the set time lamp will glow to indicate process on state. 5.The process till on state upto off time after that process goes to off state buzzer gives this beep sound which indicate process goes to off state. PROGRAM:

RESULT: Ex.No: 10

Date :

Programmable Logic Controller

Aim: To implement AND gate logic,OR gate logic,NOT gate logic using PLC. Apparatus required:

S.No Components PLC trainer kit 1 PC 2 Connecting probes 3

Theory:

Range -

Quantity 1 1 2

PLC are solid state devices which perform some specific action. Architecture of PLC: Input-Output Section: It consists of individual I/O module which accepts signal from the machines of process device(120V Ac and converts them into signal of 5V Dc that can be used by the control o/p) The most common type of I/O interface module is the discrete type. This interface connects i/p devices of the ON/OFF nature such as selector switches and push buttons. CPU: The processor solid state memory, I/O module and power supply are housed in a single compact unit. Processor: The processor used in PLC is 1678X microcontroller. This is a 28/40 pin,8-bit CMOS flash controller. The highly parallel architecture and efficient instruction set provide speed and flexibility capable of executing 35 single word instructions. The processor clock frequency is 20MHZ. Memory: 8K x 14 words of flash program memory. 368 x 8 bytes of data memory(RAM). 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory. Power Consumption: +5V and 600 mA. Pheripheral Feature:

10 bit ,8 channel ADC terminated at screw type converter. 10 bit,2 channel PWM o/p. 9 pin D-male RS 232 connector to communicate. Procedure: 1.Give the connections as per the circuit diagram in the kit. 2.Load the respective figure in the PC. 3.Using logic 1 and 0 execute the circuit that has been drawn in the PC. 4.Verify the truth table. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Result:

Ex.No: 11 Date : AC/DC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING SCR Aim: To verify the design AC Regulator with R load using VPET-109 Apparatus required:

S.No Components Trainer VPET-109 1 2 Step down transformer Rheostat 3 4.

Formula to be Used: CRO

Range (0-30)MHz

Quantity 1 1 1 1

Where Vm = Maximum value of input AC voltage. = Firing Angle Connection Procedure:

a. Connect CRO and Ramp generator output connector B2 to

b.
c.

d. e. f.
g.

comparator input connector B3 Make switch SW2 as internal mode of operator connect to comparator output connector B1 to control logic input connector B5 Connect control logic output to connector (B10 , B11) to pulse isolation pulse input connector(B6,B8) Pulse isolation pulse output to power circuit pulse input using connect RS232 cable. Make AC regulator by means of connecting connector R4 and R5 Connect load between R4 and R5 Connect 24AC input at AC input socket.

Procedure: 1. Switch on the power switch 2. Vary the input voltage and keep 24AC input 3. Vary the voltage adjustment knob minimum to maximum step by step 4. For each step note down the output voltage firing angle() and tabulated. 5. Then find out the circulated output voltage using the formula given as above and check whether measure ohms. Circuit diagram:

Model Graph:

Result:

Ex.No: 12 Date :

Study of designing electronic circuit using Pspice(ORCAD)

Aim: To design the PCB layout for CE amplifier using Pspice software. Procedure: 1.Draw the circuit using Orcad capture program. 2.simulate the circuit and verify the results. 3.Create the netlist (.mn)file. 4.Create the technology file(.tch) or template file(.tpl) using Orcad layout plus. 5.Using both these files the PCB layout for CE amplifier is drawn. Theory: PSPICE is stimulation Program Integrated Circuit Emphasis. It is generally used for providing performance of electrical and electronic circuit. Orcad PSPICE A/D is the stimulation program that models the behavior of a circuit containing only mix of analog and digital devices. PSPICE A/D can be thought of as a software based breadboard of a circuit that can be used to test and refine the design before touching the piece of breadboard. Because analog and digital simulation algorithm are built into the same program. PSPICE A/D stimulates mixed signal circuits with no performance degradation because of tightly coupled feedback loops between the analog and digital sections. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

R2 47k

R4 10k 15v V2

R1 500

C1 .1u

Q1

R6 20k Q2N2222

0V

V1

R3 5k

R5 2k

C2 10u

C3 .1u

PROGRAM:

RESULT:

Ex.No: Date :

AM TRANSCEIVER
Aim: To study the characteristics of AM transmitter and receiver. Apparatus Required: 1.AM transmitter trainer kit 2.AM receiver trainer kit 3.Connecting plugs 4.CRO Theory: AM Transmitter: The modulating signal source can be either an on-board sinewave generator or a MIC with a pre-amplifier. The modulating signal is amplified using an audio amplifier and fed to the amplitude modulator. The amplitude modulator is a base modulator which itself generates the carrier signal. This carrier signal is amplitude modulated by the message signal and it is radiated using an antenna. FM Transmitter: The RF amplifier stage has a tank circuit which can be tuned to desired frequency range of reception. The induced RF signal is amplified and fed to the AM detector. The AM detector is an envelope detector which modulates the AM signal and reconstruct the modulating as its output. This modulating signal is passed through a buffer and filter stage to diminish the effects of power supply noise and high frequency noises. The filtered signal is amplified by the audio amplifier stage to the required stage . PROCEDURE: 1. Give the connections as per the block diagram. 2. Set the input through CRO. 3. Get the o/p through CRO. 4. Tabulate the readings of both i/p and o/p waveform. Tabulation: Signal Input signal AM signal Demodulated signal Amplitude(v) Time period(msec)

BLOCK DIAGRAM: Transmitter

Sine wave generato r
Amplitude Modulator In out

Receiver
AM demodulat or In out Buffer & GND filter In out Audio power amplifier In out

GND

CRO GND In

MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT:

Ex.No: Date :

FM TRANSCEIVER
Aim: To study the characteristics of FM transmitter and receiver. Apparatus Required: 1.FM transmitter trainer kit 2.FM receiver trainer kit 3.Connecting plugs 4.CRO Theory: FM Transmitter: The audio oscillator supplies the information signal. The FM modulator is used to combine the carrier wave and the information signal. The generation of carrier wave and the modulation process is carried out in the same block. The output amplifier increases the power in the signal before it is applied to the for transmission. FM Receiver: FM receivers are superheyterodyne receivers. The preselector rejects the image frequency, the RF amplifier establishes SNR, the mixer converts RF to IF, the IF amplifier provides most of the gain and selectivity of the rx and the detector removes the information from the modulated wave. PROCEDURE: 1. Give the connections as per the block diagram. 2. Set the input through CRO. 3. Get the o/p through CRO> 4. Tabulate the readings of both i/p and o/p waveform. BLOCK DIAGRAM: Transmitter Receiver
antenna

Sine wave generato r

Freq. GND Modulat or In out

Fm demodulat or In out

Buffer & GND filter In out

Audio power amplifier In out

CRO GND In

MODEL GRAPH:

Vin RESULT: