Unit 1: Real Numbers.

ACTIVITIES

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

Interval Notation
When we want to refer to a particular subset of real numbers we use special notation. For example, if we want to indicate that the solutions of an inequality are all the numbers between 1 and 7, we can write the set using: Interval Notation Set-builder Notation

1,7

| 1 <

<7

or

Graphs or diagrams

The table below explores the different possibilities:

IES Albayzn (Granada)

Pgina 1

Unit 1: Real Numbers. ACTIVITIES

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

Exercises
1) Graph the following subset of real numbers. Write a and b using interval notation. Write c and d using set-builder notation.

a) 1 b) 1 c) , 0 1,3 d) 1,3 1,5 = = = = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 2, 0, 2, 4, 6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 3, 1, 1, 3

2 <5

2) Perform the operations given that

a) b) c) d)

3) Graph the following sets. Write sets given in interval notation in setbuilder notation, and write sets given in set-builder notation in interval notation.

a) b) c) d) e) f)

5, 1 , 4 4 < 5 1, 2, , 1 1, < 3 1 <

<2

4) Write each expression without absolute value symbols. a) |3| |4| = b) | 10| = c) | 4| = given 0 < < 1

IES Albayzn (Granada)

Pgina 2

Unit 1: Real Numbers. ACTIVITIES

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

Rounding and Error

How to Round Numbers
Decide which is the last digit to keep Leave it the same if the next digit is less than 5 (this is called rounding down) But increase it by 1 if the next digit is 5 or more (this is called rounding up) Bear in mind the following place value diagram

Exercises
5) The speed that a vehicle was traveling, s, in miles per hour, when the brakes were first applied, can be estimated using the formula: = 0.04

where d is the length of the vehicles skid marks, in feet. (1 mile = 1609.35 m) (1ft = 30.48 cm) a) Determine the speed of a car (in miles per hour and kilometers per hour) that made skid marks 7 ft long. Round the answers to three decimal places (d.p.). b) Determine the speed of a car (in miles per hour and kilometers per hour) that made skid marks 51 ft long. Round the answers to the nearest hundredth.

IES Albayzn (Granada)

Pgina 3

Unit 1: Real Numbers. ACTIVITIES

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

c) Determine the speed of a car (in miles per hour and kilometers per hour) that made skid marks 102 ft long. Round the answers to two significant figures (s.f.).

6) A house costs 294,680. Calculate the absolute and relative error we commit after rounding the real cost of the house to the following amounts: a) 295,000 b) 300,000 Which one is a better rounding of the real value?

Estimation
Scientists who are concerned about dwindling animal populations often use aerial photography to make estimates. To estimate the number of birds, we can divide the photograph into rectangles with equal areas and then select one area that appears to be representative of all the areas. After that we count the number of birds in this single area and then we multiply this number by the number of equal areas. The number of regions or areas into which you choose to divide the total area is arbitrary. Generally, the more regions, the better the approximation, as long as the region selected is representative of the other regions in the map, diagram or photo.

Exercise
7) The Cost of a Vacation. The Kleins are planning a vacation in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Their round-trip airfare from Houston, Texas, to Knoxville, Tennessee, totals $973. Car rental is $61 per day and lodging is a total of $97 per day, and they estimate a total of $150 per day for food, gas, and other miscellaneous items. If they are planning to stay six full days and nights. Estimate their total expenses.

IES Albayzn (Granada)

Pgina 4