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Instalatii Frigorifice Cu Compresie Mecanica de Gaze
Instalatii Frigorifice Cu Compresie Mecanica de Gaze
(IFCMG)
Agenţi de lucru: aerul sau alte gaze necondensabile (N, H, He, etc.)
RG qr p2 = p3
T
2
T2>Ta
3
2 lc
3
T3=Ta
ld
M p1 = p4
TD TC ~ T1=T0
1
T4<T0
CF 4
4 1 ∆s
s3 = s4 s1 = s2 s
q0
Procese:
kJ
Lucrul mecanic total al ciclului: lt = lc − ld
kg
p p
Raportul de compresie al ciclului: β = 2 = 3
p1 p4
kJ
lc = c pm ⋅ (T2 − T1 ) = c pm ⋅ (T2 − T0 )
kg
kJ
qr = c pm ⋅ (T2 − T3 ) = c pm ⋅ (T2 − Ta )
kg
kJ
ld = c pm ⋅ (T3 − T4 ) = c pm ⋅ (Ta − T4 )
kg
kJ
q0 = c pm ⋅ (T1 − T4 ) = c pm ⋅ (T0 − T4 )
kg
kJ
Ecuaţia de bilanţ: q0 + lc = qr + ld ⇔ lt = qr − q0
kg
Eficienţa frigorifică teoretică:
q q0 1 1 1
ε ft = 0 = = = =
lt q r − q0 q r c pm ⋅ (T2 − Ta ) T2 − Ta
−1 −1 −1
q0 c pm ⋅ (T0 − T4 ) T0 − T4
Ecuaţia adiabatei: p ⋅ vγ = ct. sau T ⋅ vγ −1 = ct.
1 1 γ −1 1− γ
− −
γ
⇒ p γ ⋅ v = ct. ⇒ v = ct. ⋅ p γ
⇒ T⋅p γ
= ct. ⇔ T⋅p = ct.
1−γ 1− γ 1− γ γ −1
γ γ
T1 =T0
p γ γ
(1-2) ⇒ T1 ⋅ p1 = T2 ⋅ p2 ⇒ T2 = T0 ⋅ 1 ⇔ T2 = T0 ⋅ β
p2
1− γ 1− γ 1− γ 1−γ
T3 =Ta
p γ
(3-4) ⇒ T3 ⋅ p3 γ = T4 ⋅ p4 γ ⇒ T4 = Ta ⋅ 3 ⇔ T4 = Ta ⋅ β γ
p4
γ −1
γ −1 T0 γ
γ −1 ⋅β
T2 − Ta T0 ⋅ β − Ta Ta Ta x − 1 Ta x − 1
Ta
= 1− γ
= ⋅ 1− γ
= ⋅ = ⋅ =
T0 − T4 T0 T 1 T x − 1
T 0 1− 0
T0 − Ta ⋅ β γ 1− a ⋅ β γ x x
T0
γ −1 γ −1
T T γ T γ
= x⋅ a = 0 ⋅β ⋅ a =β
T0 Ta T0
T 2r p2 = p3
1 2
ε ft = γ −1 T2>Ta
γ
β −1 3
T3=Ta
ε fr < ε ft p1 = p4
T1=T0
1
T4<T0 4r
4
∆s
s3 = s4 s1 = s2 s
Ciclul teoretic al IFCMG cu regenerare internă în regim
nestaţionar (Ciclul Stirling)
p T
2 qr v2 = v3 v1 = v4
p2 2 1
Ta
ld 1
p1 Ta = ct.
lt
p3 lc
3
T0
p4 3 4
q0 4 T0 = ct. q0
v2 = v3 v1 = v4 v s3 s2 s4 s1 s
ld Regenerator qr
Detentor Compresor
p1, v1, T1
q0 lc
p2
v2
T2
p3
v3
T3
p4, v4, T4
Puterea frigorifică specifică a gazului obţinută în procesul de
destindere izotermic (3-4) la T0:
V4 V p
q0 = lT0 = ν ⋅ R ⋅ T0 ⋅ ln = ν ⋅ R ⋅ T0 ⋅ ln 1 = ν ⋅ R ⋅ T0 ⋅ ln 3 =
V3 V2 p4
= aria s3 − 3 − 4 − s4
V1
lTa = qr = ν ⋅ R ⋅ Ta ⋅ ln = aria s1 − 1 − 2 − s2
V2
V1
ν ⋅ R ⋅ T0 ⋅ ln
q0 V2T0 1
εS = = = = = εC
lt ν ⋅ R ⋅ (T − T ) ⋅ ln V1 Ta − T0 Ta − 1
a 0
V2 T0