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Quality Management
Quality Management Systems are certified to ISO 9001:2000 standards by Lloyds Register Quality Assurance, LTD. This includes accreditation by the Dutch Council of Certification, National Accreditation Council (British), and DAR Accreditation (German). All critical operations in bearing manufacture are performed at our factories, from centrifugal casting, to machining, to assembly and inspection.
Introduction
In turbo machinery operating at high speeds, plain cylindrical bearings are susceptible to oil film instability. In this condition, also known as oil whirl, the shaft orbits within the clearance of the bearing.
Headquarters and manufacturing facilities Corporate, sales and engineering offices, and complete manufacturing facilities are located in Grafton, Wisconsin, USA. Products include tilting pad journal bearings, sleeve bearings, large thrust bearings, special bearings and bearing assemblies. Bearing diameters range from 16 mm to 1500 mm.
To improve bearing stability, the cylindrical bore can be modified with different geometries. Special geometries include elliptical bores, three- and four-lobe bores, tapered land bores, offset halves and pressure dams. All geometries are fixed, and are optimized for a specific operating condition of load and speed. The tilting pad journal bearing uses tilting pads to provide geometries that change with variations in load or speed. This bearing offers the best stability at all conditions.
Orion Corporation offers a full line of standard metric tilting pad bearings from 40 to 300 mm shaft diameter. The standard bearings are available in three length-to-diameter ratios: Length/Diameter (L/D) = 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0. Three housing styles, which allow different types of mounting, are available. Two lubrication options are available: flooded lubrication and Orion Advantage bearing (non-flooded, directed inlet and exit lubrication). This catalog encompasses the most economical standard designs. All designs can be customized for specialized casings, diameters and bores.
Description
The Orion standard tilting pad bearing consists of an outer retainer, five tilting pads, one integral end plate and one removable end plate. The oil seal is the floating type, the most effective means to reduce oil spray along the shaft. Fixed seals can be provided on special request. Standard materials for the retainer and pads are steel. The pad lining is (babbit) white metal to specification BS 3332/1, SAE 11, DIN 1703-WM80, and ASTM B-23 Grade 2. The seal rings are bronze.
Ingersoll Rands Centac air compressor uses Orion tilting pad bearings. Photo courtesy of Ingersoll Rand.
Orions manufacturing facility in Columbus, Nebraska, USA produces equalizing thrust bearings, sleeve bearings and special thrust bearings in sizes from 16 mm to 600 mm diameter. Quality management systems at all facilities are certified to ISO 9001:2000.
Visit our Web site at www.orion-corp.com and find out how easy bearing selection can be. Just click on Performance Direct. This special tool will help you select the right bearing. It quickly displays its physical and performance characteristics, including power loss and lubrication requirements.
Lubrication
The lubricant in tilting pad bearings serves two primary functions. The first is to lubricate the bearing and the second is to carry away heat generated during operation. Two commonly used methods of lubrication are flooded lube, where the bearing inner cavity is completely filled with oil, and non-flooded lube, where the oil is fed directly in
Orion Advantage tilting pad bearings are used on this Dresser-Rand Datum barrel type process gas compressor. Photo courtesy of Dresser-Rand.
Figure 1. Orion Standard Tilting Pad Bearing, flooded design front of each pad. In the flooded design, the bearing pads obtain their lubrication from the surrounding oil bath. In the non-flooded design, the oil is drained by either removing the floating seals or by adding strategically placed bottom drain holes.
Step 1 Preselection
Choose an appropriate L/D from Maximum Load Chart (Figure 3) using the bearing load and journal diameter. Find journal shaft diameter in the first column. Move to the right until load does not exceed rated load. Example: 14.7 kN load, 10,800 rpm, 100 mm diameter journal. Find the journal diameter, 100 mm, in the left column, and move to the right until the desired bearing is found where 14.7 kN load does not exceed the maximum load rating. In this example a 0.7 L/D has a rating of 15.4 kN for Load On Pad. In this example, load is less than the rating of 15.4 kN. A suitable choice is 0.7 L/D.
Step 3 Selection
Choose the appropriate performance chart by matching the combination of L/D ratio and lubrication option. Figures 7 through 9 are for L/Ds of 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 respectively for the flooded lube bearing. Figures 10 through 12 are for L/Ds of 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 respectively for the Advantage bearing. To determine if the bearing selection falls within the operating speed range of the bearing, locate the intersection of the journal diameter curve and shaft speed. Note: If the intersection of the operating point is above the dashed minimum oil film thickness line @ 2.24 MPa and below the top end of the curve, then the bearing is in its operating speed range. Example: 14.7 kN load, 10,800 rpm, 100 mm diameter journal.
From Step 1, L/D = 0.7; from Step 2, flooded lube. The matching performance chart is Figure 8. The intersection of 100 mm shaft curve and 10,800 rpm is within the operating speed range. This is an acceptable choice. Note: If the intersection shaft diameter curve and speed line had been below the minimum oil film thickness dashed line @ 2.24 MPa, typically a longer L/D should be selected and Step 3 repeated. Example: 14.7 kN load, 5,500 rpm, 100 mm diameter. The intersection is below the minimum oil film thickness dashed line. When the intersection is below the dashed line more bearing surface area is needed. The options available are to increase the journal diameter or lengthen the bearing pad. Our example is a 0.7 L/D. Increase the bearing length to L/D = 1.0. Proceed to Figure 9. The intersection of 100 mm shaft diameter and 5500 rpm speed is now located above the minimum oil film line. The selection falls within the operating speed range of the bearing and is an acceptable choice.
Maximum Load (kN) for ORION Tilting Pad Journal Bearings 0.4 L/D
Journal Shaft Diameter 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 125 140 160 180 200 220 250 280 300 Load On Pad 1.41 1.78 2.20 2.66 3.17 4.31 5.62 7.13 8.80 10.65 13.75 17.25 22.50 28.50 35.20 42.59 55.00 69.00 79.20 Load Between Pad 1.79 2.67 2.80 3.39 4.03 5.49 7.17 9.07 11.20 13.55 17.50 22.00 28.70 36.30 44.80 54.20 70.00 87.80 100.70 ADVANTAGE Load Between Pad 2.24 2.83 3.50 4.23 5.04 6.86 8.96 11.34 14.00 16.94 21.88 27.50 35.88 45.38 56.00 67.76 87.50 109.75 125.88 Load On Pad 2.46 3.12 3.85 4.66 5.54 7.55 9.86 12.47 15.40 18.60 24.10 30.20 39.40 49.90 61.60 74.53 96.30 120.70 138.60
0.7 L/D
Load Between Pad 3.14 3.97 4.90 5.93 7.06 9.60 12.54 15.88 19.60 23.70 30.60 38.40 50.20 63.50 78.40 94.86 122.50 153.70 176.40 ADVANTAGE Load Between Pad 3.93 4.96 6.13 7.41 8.83 12.00 15.68 19.85 24.50 29.63 38.25 48.00 62.75 79.38 98.00 118.58 153.13 192.13 220.50 Load On Pad 3.52 4.45 5.50 6.65 7.92 10.78 14.08 17.82 22.00 26.60 34.40 43.10 56.60 71.30 88.00 106.48 137.50 172.50 198.00
1.0 L/D
Load Between Pad 4.48 5.67 7.00 8.47 10.08 13.72 17.92 22.70 28.00 33.90 43.80 54.90 71.70 90.70 112.00 135.52 175.00 220.00 252.00 ADVANTAGE Load Between Pad 5.60 7.08 8.75 10.59 12.60 17.15 22.40 28.38 35.00 42.38 54.75 68.63 89.63 113.38 140.00 169.40 218.75 275.00 315.00
Example: For the 100 mm bearing in the description above, the power loss from the performance charts is 12 kW. Oil Flow Rate Required = Power loss (kW) x 2.11 l/min. kW 25 l/min. = 12 kW x 2.11 l/min. kW
This Lufkin gear box uses Orion Advantage tilting pad bearings on the pinion, and Orion Advantage sleeve bearing on the bull gear.
Photo courtesy of Lufkin Industries.
Nominal Bearing Diameter mm 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 250 280 300
Shaft Diameter Manufacturing Limits Minimum mm 39.906 44.901 49.896 54.889 59.881 69.873 79.860 89.849 99.840 109.826 119.812 139.782 159.755 179.728 199.698 219.671 249.631 279.589 299.563 Maximum mm 39.922 44.917 49.912 54.908 59.900 69.892 79.879 89.871 99.862 109.848 119.834 139.807 159.780 179.753 199.727 219.700 249.660 279.621 299.595
Bearing Clearance Manufacturing Limits Minimum mm 0.078 0.083 0.088 0.092 0.100 0.108 0.121 0.129 0.138 0.152 0.166 0.193 0.220 0.247 0.273 0.300 0.340 0.379 0.405 Maximum mm 0.145 0.150 0.155 0.162 0.170 0.178 0.191 0.202 0.211 0.225 0.239 0.269 0.296 0.323 0.353 0.380 0.420 0.462 0.488
Clearance Maximum 0.105 mm radial (0.210 mm diametral) Minimum 0.069 mm radial (0.138 mm diametral)
10
Additional Variables
Oil Viscosity
The lubricating oils viscosity will affect the load capacity of the bearing. Higher oil viscosities will generate thicker oil films, yielding greater padto- journal separation and greater film capacities. However, higher viscosities also result in higher oil shearing, and consequently greater power loss and higher pad temperatures. Orion has chosen an oil viscosity of ISO VG 32 at an inlet temperature of 50 C as a typical oil for most applications. The performance curves in this catalog are based on these oil parameters. If different oil viscosities are used, go to the Performance Direct bearing calculator at www.orion-corp.com, or consult Orion Corp.
radius. As shown in Figure 5, the opening C (clearance) is larger at the leading edge of the pad. This allows better oil wedge formation. Preload = 1 - Bearing Diameter - Shaft Diameter Pad Diameter - Shaft Diameter
The standard preload of the cataloged bearings is 0.33. A change in the preload can have an effect on power loss, pad temperature and dynamic characteristics of stiffness and damping. Bearings with preloads from 0 to 0.7 also are available. Contact Orion if your application requires a special preload.
Load Direction
The standard bearing has a load on pad which means the direction of load is on one pad (shown in Figure 6a). If the load chart indicates the load exceeds the bearing capacity, load between pad can be considered. This directs the load between adjacent pads for additional load carrying capacity (shown in Figure 6b). Go to the Performance Direct bearing calculator at www.orion-corp.com, or consult Orion Corp.
Definition of Preload
Preload describes the relationship between the pad diameter, shaft diameter and bearing diameter. Orions bearings have a positive preload, which means the pad radius is larger than the bearing
Basic Configurations
Three basic models of Orion bearings include: S straight seat split bearing F single flange non-split bearing 2F double flange split bearing Special materials, configurations and combinations of tilting pad bearings with double thrust plates or tilting pad thrust bearings are also available.
Pad
Rad
ius
Housing Types
2F
11
Bearing Lengths
Three bearing pad lengths are available in each bearing model, cataloged by approximate pad length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios: Narrow (L/D=0.4), Intermediate (L/D=0.7) and Wide (L/D=1.0).
curves, if the unit load* is less than 1.25 MPa, operation in the entire area above the 1.25 MPa dashed lines is possible.
Load at Start
The unit load* should not exceed 1.2 MPa at the instant of start. If the load exceeds this, the oil film generation will not be sufficient, and a larger diameter bearing, or longer pad length will be required. If the bearing area cannot be increased in this manner, then hydrostatic lift (high pressure jacking oil) will be required to provide hydraulic lift between the pad and the shaft. See Figure 16.
* Unit load (MPa) = Load (N) / [pad length (mm) x shaft diameter (mm)]
Load on Pad 6a
Bearing Options T Thrust Face 2T Double Thrust Face TP Tilting Pad Thrust 2TP Double Tilting Pad Thrust H Hydrostatic Lifting Provision TC Thermocouple RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
Advantage Bearing A Advantage High Performance Design S Standard Flooded Lube Design
55
Examples: SI55MO A describes a bearing with a straight housing (described above), Intermediate length, 55 mm diameter shaft size, metric range, with load on pad, no bearing options selected, Advantage design. FN100MBTPHS describes a bearing with a single mounting flange, narrow length, 100 mm diameter shaft size, metric range, with load between pads, with tilting pad thrust, hydraulic lifting options and standard design.
12
Performance Curves
STANDARD FLOODED LUBE TILTING PAD JOURNAL BEARING NARROW PAD LENGTH - L/D = 0.4
100
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa R Recommended Min ded Mi film thickness above thickness k dashed line
300 mm 250
120 mm 1
POWER LOSS - kW
10
40 mm
280 mm 22 180
1
90 mm mm 70
45 mm
ad: 1.25 MPa d mended Min e Minimum film thickness above n dashed line
0.1 1000 Oil grade: ISO VG 32 Oil inlet temperature: 50 oC Lubricant temperature rise: 17 oC Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad
5000
10000
50000
Figure 7.
13
STANDARD FLOODED LUBE TILTING PAD JOURNAL BEARING INTERMEDIATE PAD LENGTH - L/D = 0.7
300 mm 250 5
100
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa Recommended Minimum d m film thickness above a dashed line
m 120 mm mm
POWER LOSS - kW
mm 40 mm
10
280 mm m 180 mm 140 mm mm 110 mm 0
90 mm
45 mm mm
Example 3B 0.1 1000 Oil grade: ISO VG 32 Oil inlet temperature: 50 oC Lubricant temperature rise: 17 oC Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad 5000
Example 3B
Invalid Selection from page 7 Step 3 14.7 kN load, 100 mm diameter shaft 5500 rpm
Example 3A
Valid Selection from page 7 Step 3 14.7 kN load, 100 mm diameter shaft 14,000 rpm, Power loss 15.5 kW
Figure 8.
14
Performance Curves
STANDARD FLOODED LUBE TILTING PAD JOURNAL BEARING WIDE PAD LENGTH - L/D = 1.0
300 mm 250 mm 160 mm
100
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa Recommended Minimum film thickness above dashed line
120 mm
mm 40 mm
POWER LOSS - kW
10
280 mm 180 mm 140 40 90 mm
1
45 mm
Example 3C 0.1 1000 Oil grade: ISO VG 32 Oil inlet temperature: 50 oC Lubricant temperature rise: 17 oC Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad
5000
10000
50000
Example 3C
Valid Selection from page 7 Step 3 14.7 kN load, 100 mm diameter shaft 5500 rpm, Power loss 11 kW
Figure 9.
15
ADVANTAGE
TM
100
POWER LOSS - kW
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa Recommen Recommen f film thicknes t c es dashed line
300 mm 250 mm 0 m
10
0 mm m 280 mm 220
1
90 m
45 mm
oad: 1.25 MPa d mmended Minimum ended film thickness above n dashed line
0.1 1000
5000
10000
50000
Oil grade: ISO VG 32 SHAFT SPEED - Rev/Min Oil inlet temperature: 50 o C o Lubricant temperature rise: 17 C Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad
Figure 10.
16
Performance Curves
ADVANTAGE
TM
300 mm
100
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa Recommended Minimum d film thickness above a dashed line
250 m 120 mm 20
POWER LOSS - kW
10
280 m 180 mm m 140
40 mm
90 mm mm
45 mm mm
0.1 1000 Oil grade: ISO VG 32 Oil inlet temperature: 50 o C o Lubricant temperature rise: 17 C Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad
5000
10000
50000
Figure 11.
17
ADVANTAGE
TM
100
Unit Load: 2.24 MPa Recommended Minimum film thickness above dashed line
POWER LOSS - kW
mm 40 mm
10
280 m 180 mm mm 14
90 mm
45 mm
0.1 1000 Oil grade: ISO VG 32 Oil inlet temperature: 50 o C o Lubricant temperature rise: 17 C Unit load: 2.24 MPa Load direction: On Pad
5000
10000
50000
Figure 12.
18
Optional Features
Taperland Faces or Tilting Pad Thrust
Any tilting pad bearing can be supplied with thrust faces to accommodate axial loads. The taperland thrust face provides the most compact package. Use tilting pad thrust for higher axial loads.
D C Oil Inlet
GG
AA BB
Oil Inlet
H HH FF
COD
CC
DD
19
Fit Length
(see note 2)
Housing 0utside Diameter FF 82 89 95 111 120 130 139 165 177 190 215 228 266 298 336 374 406 450 482
Thrust Collar 0utside Diameter COD 79 88 94 100 113 133 141 158 172 188 204 243 260 294 335 365 400 448 476
Axial Flange 0utside Diameter HH 90 98 104 120 130 140 150 177 190 204 230 244 284 317 357 397 431 477 511
Length
(See note 2)
40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 250 280 300
3980 5860 6350 6816 9910 15280 16530 24220 29450 35860 43390 64100 69120 102560 120250 143190 172550 229640 247000
Note 1: Load capacities for thrust faces are guidelines based on standard unit loads for taperlands and tilting pad thrust bearings. Consult factory for design confirmation. Note 2: The dimensions in the table refer to L/D = .4 (bearing length N, page 17). Thrust faces are available on other L/D ratio bearings that increase dimensions, CC and XX, by the increase in the pad length.
20
Instrumentation
Oil Inlet
Hydrostatic Lift
Low Pressure Lubricating Oil Inlet
Bearing Size
Pad Length
Fit Length
40
40
16
21
45
45
18
23
50
50
20
25
55
55
22
27
60
60
24
29
70
70
28
33
80
80
32
37
90
90
36
42
100
100
40
46
110
110
44
50
120
120
48
54
140
140
56
63
160
160
64
71
180
180
72
80
200
200
80
88
220
220
88
96
250
250
100
109
280
280
112
122
300
300
120
130
20.993 20.972 22.993 22.972 24.993 24.972 26.993 26.972 28.993 28.972 32.991 32.966 36.991 36.966 41.991 41.966 45.991 45.966 49.991 49.966 53.990 53.960 62.990 62.960 70.990 70.960 79.990 79.960 87.988 87.953 95.988 95.953 108.988 108.953 121.986 121.946 129.986 129.946
82.022 82.000 89.022 89.000 95,022 95.000 111.022 111.000 120.022 120.000 130.025 130.000 139.025 139.000 165.025 165.000 177.025 177.000 190.029 190.000 215.029 215.000 228.029 228.000 266.032 266.000 298.032 298.000 336.036 336.000 374.036 374,000 406.040 406.000 450.040 450.000 482.040 482.000
D X C K
L L
60
ngs ac i Sp
View on "Y"
D K
C K J H F1 B F B
C1 Casing C
30
30
Split Line
F1 B A
F1 F
Casing Bore
25
L L
221/2
Casing Bore
Casing Bore
R Diameter
ac
Sp 45
in
gs
Section "X""X"
S= Hole Diameter
S
X
2F
21
22
60
View on "Y"
ngs ac i Sp
X C K
L
D C1 Casing C K J F1 B A
Casing Bore
K H
30
30
Split Line
F1 B B A A
Casing Bore
F1 F
25
L L
221/2
Casing Bore
ac
Sp 45
in
gs
R Diameter
S F
X
Bearing Area Weight (kg) 1.2 1.4 1.6 2120 2520 3430 6.6 181 8 8 29 34 314 317 357 326 371 407 431 397 431 477 511 354 392 430 478 522 554 39 44 49 54 61 69 74 10 10 12 12 16 16 20 20 20 197 210 235 248 290 326 364 402 442 486 518 6.6 9 9 9 9 11 14 14 14 18 18 18 4480 5670 7000 8470 10100 13700 17900 22700 28000 33900 43700 54900 63000 2.4 3.3 4 5 8 10 12 17 21 31 43 61 85 102 142 175 L (mm2) 10 11 12 13 15 17 20 22 25 27 6 6 155 5 146 5 136 6.6 6.6 5 127 6.6 4 111 6.6 1750 4 103 5.5 1420 4 96 5.5 1120 R S Recom- Overall Fit mended length Dia. Casing C1 62 65 69 72 76 84 101 109 116 123 131 146 160 175 190 219 241 263 278 450 482 406 374 336 298 278 302 266 245 284 228 212 244 268 215 188 230 255 190 176 204 230 177 164 190 217 165 152 177 197 139 130 150 171 130 118 141 162 120 106 130 152 111 100 120 143 95 92 104 127 89 85 98 117 82 78 90 110 D F G H J Dia. Dia. Dia. Oil Inlet Groove K
2F
Section "X""X"
S= Hole Diameter
Bearing Size
Pad Length
Fit Length
40
40
28
33
45
45
31
36
50
50
35
40
55
55
38
43
60
60
42
47
70
70
49
54
80
80
56
61
90
90
63
69
100
100
70
76
110
110
77
83
120
120
84
90
140
140
98
105
160
160
112
119
180
180
126
134
200
200
140
148
220
220
154
162
250
250
175
184
280
280
196
206
300
300
210
220
32.991 32.966 35.991 35.966 39.991 39.966 42.991 42.966 46.991 46.966 53.990 53.960 60.990 60.960 68.990 68.960 75.990 75.960 82.988 82.953 89.988 89.953 104.988 104.953 118.988 118.953 133.986 133.946 147.986 147.946 161.986 161.946 183.985 183.939 205.985 205.939 219.985 219.939
82.022 82.000 89.022 89.000 95,022 95.000 111.022 111.000 120.022 120.000 130.025 130.000 139.025 139.000 165.025 165.000 177.025 177.000 190.029 190.000 215.029 215.000 228.029 228.000 266.032 266.000 298.032 298.000 336.036 336.000 374.036 374,000 406.040 406.000 450.040 450.000 482.040 482.000
Bearing Size
Pad Length
Fit Length
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
50
50
50
50
55
55
55
55
60
60
60
60
65
70
70
70
75
80
80
80
85
90
90
90
96
100
100
100
106
110
110
110
116
120
120
120
126
140
140
140
147
160
160
160
167
180
180
180
188
200
200
200
208
220
220
220
228
250
250
250
259
280
280
280
290
300
300
300
310
44.991 44.966 49.991 49.966 54.990 54.960 59.990 59.960 64.990 64.960 74.990 74.960 84.988 84.953 95.988 95.953 105.988 105.953 115.988 115.953 125.986 125.946 146.986 146.946 166.986 166.946 187.985 187.939 207.985 207.939 227.985 227.939 258.983 258.938 289.983 289.938 309.983 309.938
82.022 82.000 89.022 89.000 95,022 95.000 111.022 111.000 120.022 120.000 130.025 130.000 139.025 139.000 165.025 165.000 177.025 177.000 190.029 190.000 215.029 215.000 228.029 228.000 266.032 266.000 298.032 298.000 336.036 336.000 374.036 374,000 406.040 406.000 450.040 450.000 482.040 482.000
D X C K
L L
60
a Sp
gs cin
View on "Y"
C K K H J F1 B F
C1 Casing C
30
30
Split Line
F1 B A
F1 F
Casing Bore
25
L L
B A
Casing Bore
221/2
Casing Bore
R Diameter
ac
Sp 45
in
gs
23
Section "X""X"
S= Hole Diameter
S
X
2F
Orion Corporation 1111 Cedar Creek Road Grafton, WI 53024 USA Phone: 262.377.2210 Fax: 262.377.0729 sales@orion-corp.com www.orion-corp.com