GERALDTON SENIOR COLLEGE

CALCULUS
TEST – 3, SEM 2, 2006

NAME: SOLUTIONS MARKS: / 83

This test contains 8 questions. You must answer all questions.

Reading time: 5 minutes
Working time: 83 minutes
Total time: 88 minutes.

Question 1 [14 marks]

a) Evaluate the following integrals.

1− x
(i) ∫ x3
dx

∫ ∫a
1− a −3
da = − a − 2 da 
a3
1 1
= − + +C  [2]
2a 2 a

(ii) ∫ sin 4 x cos 4 xdx

Let u = sin 4x
1
4∫
= udu  du = 4 cos 4x dx 

1 u2
= +c
4 2
1 2
= sin 4 x + c  [3]
8

3x
(iii) ∫ 4− x
dx Hint: Let u = 4 − x .

3(4 − u 2 )(−2u )
= ∫ u
du  u2 = 4 − x

= − 6 ∫ (4 − u )du
2
2u du = -dx 

u3
= -6(4u - )+c 
3
= 2u(u2 – 12) + c

= 2 4 − x (− x − 8) + c  [4]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 2
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Question 1 continued

∫x x 3 + 1 dx using the substitution u = x 3 + 1 .

2
b) Evaluate exactly
0

2
1
= ∫ u du  du = 3x2 dx 
31
 3
2 x=0→u=1
1  2u 2  x=1→u=2 
=  
3 3 
  1
2
= (2 2 − 1)  [5]
9
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 3
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Question 2 [9 marks]

A particle moves such that

d 2x
+ 4π 2 x = 0
dt 2

a) Show that the particle is undergoing Simple Harmonic Motion.

d 2x
2
= − 4π 2 x  ∴ SHM where n = 2π.  [2]
dt

b) Given that the particle begins at the origin, with positive velocity and has a maximum
velocity of 8π m/sec, determine the displacement of the particle at any time t.

x = Asin 2πt ⇒ v = A 2π cos 2πt 

vmax = 8π ⇒ A=4 
∴ x = 4sin 2πt m  [3]

c) Determine the acceleration of the particle when the particle first has negative
displacement and a velocity of 4π m/sec.
2
v = 8π cos 2πt and a = − 16π sin 2πt 
1 π 5π 1 5
v = 4π ⇒ cos 2πt = ⇒ 2πt = , ⇒ t= , 
2 3 3 6 6
1 5 5
x  > 0 and x   < 0  ∴ a   = 8√3π2 msec−2  [4]
6 6 6
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 4
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Question 3 [14 marks]

Nicole is driving her car at 81 kilometres per hour when she suddenly sees an object on the
road directly ahead.
The instant she applies the brakes her car is 40 metres from the object. The application of the
brakes creates a constant deceleration of 5ms-2 until she hits the object.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
40m

Let x: distance travelled by car from the moment the brakes are applied.

a) If the car does not skid and continues travelling in a straight line toward the object,
use the acceleration equation, a(t) = −5, and calculus methods to calculate the speed
(in km per hour) at which the car hits the object. (Hint: 81km/h = 22.5m/s, which
represents initial velocity.)

d 2x dx
a= = −5 ⇒ = − 5t + C 
dt 2 dt
dx dx
t = 0, = 22.5 ⇒ = −5t + 22.5 
dt dt
5t 2
x= − + 22.5t + K 
2
5t 2
t = 0, x = 0 ⇒ x= − + 22.5t 
2
5t 2
At x = 40, − + 22.5t = 40  ⇒ t = 2.4384 
2
dx
Hence, = 10.31 ms−1.
dt
Therefore, speed = 10.31 ms−1 = 37.1 kmh−1 
[7]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 5
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Question 3 continued

b) In order to stop within the 40 metres available, use calculus methods to determine
the maximum speed at which the car could have been travelling?

d 2x dx
a= = −5 ⇒ = − 5t + C 
dt 2 dt
5t 2
x= − + Ct + K 
2
5t 2
t = 0, x = 0 ⇒ x= − + Ct 
2
dx
When = 0, −5t + C = 0 ⇒ C = 5t 
dt
dx 5t 2
Need = 0 when x = 40 ⇒ − + (5t) t = 40
dt 2
t=4 
C = 20
dx
Hence, = −5t + 20. 
dt
dx
When t = 0 = 20
dt
Hence, maximum speed is 20 ms−1 or 72 kmh−1  [7]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 6
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Question 4 [8 marks]

A region is bounded by the x-axis, the y-axis and the curve y = x 2 − 4 .

a) Sketch the region.

y
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
[2]

b) Solid A is generated by rotating the region 2π about the x-axis.

Solid B is generated by rotating the region 2π about the y-axis.

Which solid has the largest volume and by how much?

2 0

VA = ∫ πy dx ∫ πx
2 2
VA = dy
0 −4

2 0

= π∫ ( x − 4) dx = π ∫ ( y + 4) dy
2 2

0 −4

256π
= ( ~ 53.6)  = 8π ( ~ 25.1) 
15

136π
Hence, solid A is largest by (~ 28.5)  [6]
15
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 7
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Question 5 [13 marks]

a) Consider the equation: x3 – x2 = 4x – 7

(i) Use your graphics calculator to solve for real x, the above equation correct to
4 decimal places.
x = -2.2207  [2]

(ii) Show clearly that the Newton – Raphson method for solving the above
equation uses iterations gained by using the equation:

3 2
x n − x n − 4x n + 7
x n +1 = x n − 2
3x n − 2 x n − 4

Let f(x) = x3 – x2 – 4x + 7 ⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 2x – 4 

3 2
x n − x n − 4x n + 7
Hence x n +1 = x n − 2  [2]
3x n − 2 x n − 4

(iii) Use the equation from b) to complete the table below.

n xn xn+1
0 -2 -2.25
1 -2.25 -2.2211
2 -2.2211 -2.2207
 [3]

(iv) Determine the values of x0, correct to 4 decimal places, that will be able to be
used in the table so as to gain a solution to the equation using Newton –
Raphson. Show your reasoning clearly.

x < xturning point 

Hence, x < -0.8685  [2]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 8
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Question 5 continued

b) Explain, clearly, with the use of a diagram why Newton - Raphson will not give
the correct solution to the following equation if using the initial values of x0.

sin (− x ) = x ; x0 = π

y = x − sin( − x)

y
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2
-1 x3 0 4 5 6
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6


x0 is on the turning point, so x1 will not have a value.  [4]

CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 9
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Question 6 [11 marks]

A particle moves in rectilinear motion so that the particle has velocity v,

at any time t minutes, is given as:

3t 2 − 6t 0≤ t≤4
v (t ) = 
 1 + 4t 4<t <8

If the particle begins at 4 metres to the right of the origin,

a) determine the displacement of the particle at any time t.

t 3 − 3t 2 + c 0≤ t≤4
x (t ) = 
 t + 2 t 2 + k 4<t <8

when t = 0, x = 4 ⇒ c = 4
and since continuous at t = 4 ⇒ k = −16
t − 3t + 4 0 ≤ t ≤ 4
3 2

x (t ) = 
 t + 2 t 2 − 16 4 < t < 8
[4]

b) determine the distance the particle travels in the first 8 minutes.

Since particle stops at t = 2,

0 4 8

∫ ( 3t − 6t ) dt + ∫ ( 3t − 6t ) dt + ∫ (1 + 4t ) dt
2 2
Distance travelled =
2 2 4

= 124 m
[4]

c) determine the speed of the particle when it first has an acceleration of 12 mmin−2.

6t − 6 0< t<4

a (t ) = 
 4 4<t <8
∴ has an acceleration of 12 when 6t − 6 = 12 ⇒ t = 3
∴ v(3) = 9
∴ speed = 9 m/min [3]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 10
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Question 7 [9 marks]
Whilst Nicole is in hospital she develops a fever and her temperature rises. At 12.00 midnight
she has a temperature of 42°C and is given medication to reduce it. After two hours her
temperature has dropped to 38°C but then starts to rise again. Over a twelve hour period this
cycle continues where Nicole’s temperature, T, h hours after midnight, is given by
πh
T = 2cos( ) + 40 , 0 ≤ h ≤ 12
2
Determine,

a) Nicole’s temperature at 3 a.m.

h = 3, T = 40o C  [1]

b) the rate, in terms of π, at which her temperature is changing at 3 a.m.

dT π
= −π sin ( h) 
dh 2
dT
h=3 ⇒ =π  [3]
dh

dT
c) Using the incremental formula, δT ≈ δh , determine the approximate change in
dh

Nicole’s temperature from 3 a.m. to 3.06 a.m. [3]

π
δT = −π sin ( h) δh 
2
6 1
h = 3 , δh = = 
60 10
π
Hence, δT = = 0.314  [3]
10

d) By calculating Nicole’s temperature at 3.06 a.m. comment on the accuracy of your

answer to part (c). [2]

h = 3.1 hours, T = 40.313oC 

Hence, approximation is accurate to 2 decimal places,
which is quite reasonable.  [2]
CALCULUS SEM 2, 2006 11
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Question 8 [5 marks]

a) On the axes provided, sketch the graph of f(x) = Int (x2) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.

[3]
f(x)



x
1 √2 √3 2

∫ Int(x
2
b) Determine, exactly, )dx
0

Area = [1 x (√2 – 1)] + [2 x (√3 - √2)] + [3 x (2 - √3)] 

= 5 - √2 - √3  [2]

~~~~ End of Test ~~~