.

vo
OYEM8e)

I
/

VICE-CHAIRMA unding of
me when
elebrating
LIN PIAO'S SPEEC reat leader
Communist
Bt BY THE ~-'Bl\lIES OP TIlle o( 1'OBR Rthe People's
SRIKAKULA 'f /8TRUGGLT1' : A JJ orking class,
d Guards, the
OeH. PATH: GUERRILLA V••A 'ntellectuals of
to the heroic
CHINA'S CHAIRMAN IS OUR te to all those

CHINA'S PATH IS au
socialist mother.'
our comrades and
the world I
IHILJI,I ~h 1. \' THE PROLRT People's Republic
L rJ~ORT 1\_~T DO( _ an Mao solemnly
Chinese people com.
DL PE -'T R.lEI' 'DOW stood up. From
f socialist new China,
SPRI G TH NDER 0
1
/
 •
•
Vice-Chair~an Lin Piao's Speech At
Rally Celebrating 20th Anniversary
of Founding of the People's
Republic of China
Following is the full text of the speech made by Vice-
Cha.irman Lin Piao, the close comrade-in-arms of our
graat leader Chairman Mao, at the rally celebrati~
twentieth anniversary of the founding of the Pe9ple'a
Republic of China:

Comrades and friends,

Today is the twentieth anniversary of the founding of
the great People's Republic of China. At this time when
the people throughout the country are joyously celebrating
this glorious festive occasion, on behalf of our great leader
Chairman Mao, the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China and the Government of the People's
Republic of China, I extend salute to the working class,
the poor and lower-middle peasants, the Red Guards, the
revolutionary cadres and the revolutionary intellectuals of
all nationalities of our country I Salute to the heroic
Chinese People's Liberation Army I Salute to all those
people and overseas Chinese who love our socialist mother;
land I Warm welcome and greetings to our comrades and
frieods coming from various countries of the world I
On the eve of the founding of. the People's Republic
of China, our great leader Chairman Mao solemnly
proclaimed to the whole world: The Chinese people com-
prising one quarter of humanity bave now stood up. From
the very day of its birth, the great socialist new China,
L-Nov.l
 LIBERATION
2

like the sun rising in the ea-.lt, illuminates every corner of the
land with a brilliant flame. From then on, the history of
our country has entered a completely new era!
In the past twenty years, the entire Chinese people under
the brilliant leadership of our great leader Chairmltn Mao,
following Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line,
maintaining independence and keeping the initilttive in
their own hands. relying on their own efforts, waging
arduous struggles and working hard, have transformed a
backward semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China into an
ltdvanced socialist new China. Our motherland has under-'
gone earth-shaking changes.
In the course of struggle over the past twenty yearl3,
we ha.ve consolidated the political power of the proletariat,
victoriously smashed the subversive schemes and disruptive
activities of the enemies at home and abroad and achieved
great successes in socialist revolution ~nd socialist
construction, While carrying out socialist revolution on
the economic front, we have also carried out socialist
revolution on the political, ideological and cultural fronts.
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution personally
initiated and led by Chairman Mao has completely shltttered
the bourgeois headquarters headed by the renegade, hidden
traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi and smashed their plot to
restore capitalism. The unprecedented wide dissemination
of great Mao Tsetung Thought and its being grasped by
hundreds of millions of people are changing enormously
people's mental outlook and promoting the steady develop-
ment of our cause of socialism. Our socialist motherland is
thriving and growing ever more prosperous. The people
of all nationalities of our country are more united than ever
before. The dictatorship of the proletariat has become
even more consolidated. The great socialist China,
standing like a giant in the east, has become a powerful
political force against imperialism and revisionism.
All our victories are victories of Mao Tsetung 'fhought
 VICB-CHAIRMAN LIN PIAO'S SPEECH

and of Chairman Mao's proletArian revolutionary line.

,The practice of our socialist revolution proves tha.t the
theory, line, principles and policies of continuing the
revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat advanced
by our great leader Chairman Mao constitute most
important new contributions to the theory and practice of
Marxism-Leninism and have opened up a brilliant road
for consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat,
preventing capitalist restora.tion and carrying the socialist
revolution through to the end after the seizure dl political
power by the proletariat. From their protracted struggles,
the people of the whole country have come to realize the
truth: closely following our great leader Chairman Mao
means victory.
At the Party's Ninth National Congress of far-reaching
historical significance, Chairman Mao issued the great call
."unite to win stiil greater victories," which has greatly
inspired the fighting will of the people throughout, the
country.
Now we must continue to hold aloft the banner of unity
and victory of the Party's Ninth Congress, carry out in an all
round way the fighting tasks set forth by the Party's Ninth
Congress and implement all Chairman Mao's proletarian
policies. We must carryon in a more extensive and deep-
going way the mass movement for the living study and
application of Mao Tsetung Thought and do an even better
job of ideological revolutionization. We must firmly grasp
revolutionary mass criticism, carry out the tasks of struggle-
criticism-transformation conscientiou~ly, carry the Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution through to the end and
further consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat. We
must resolutely carry out Chairman Mao's great stra.tegic
policy "be prepared against war, be prepared against natural
disasters, and do everything for the people" ; grasp reTolution,
promote production and other work and preparedness against
'War; go all out, aim high and achieve greater, faster, better
 LIBERATION
and more economical resnlts.in building socialism and unfold
a new upsurge in revolution and production.
Comrades I We must rally even more closely around
the Party's Cen~ral Committee headed by Chairman Mao
&ndstrengthen the Party's centralized and unified leader-
ship. We must follow Chairman Mao's taachings, remain
modest and prudent and guard against arrogance and
ra.shness, continue to develop the vigorous prole.tarian revo-
lutionary spirit, carryon forever the glorious revolutionary
tradition of hard struggle, bring into full play the initiative
and creativeness of the broad masses and build our socialist
motherland into a more prosperous and powerful country
and build up a more powerful national defence.
In the past 20 years, most profound changes have taken
place in the international situation. The revolutionary
movement of the people of various countries is surging to
unprecedented heights, while U.S. imperialism and social-
imperialism are becoming more isolated than ever before.
In order to' extricate themselves from the predicament
of being beset with difficulties both at home and abroad,
U.S. imperialism and social-imperialism are colluding and
at the same time contending with each other, carrying out
arms expansion and war preparations and wildly attempt-
ing to engineer a war of aggression against our country
and flagrantly resorting to nuclear blackmail against us.
In the relations between countries, China has always
upheld the five principles of peaceful co-existence. Our
stand is : We will not attack unless we are attacked; if we
are attacked, we will certainly counter-attack. The people
of the whole country must heighten their vigilance,
strengthen preparedness against war and be ready at all
times to wipe out all the enemies who dare to 'invade us.
We are determined to liberate Taiwan. We warn U.S.
imperialism and social-imperialism: the heroic Chinese
people and the Chinese People's Liberation Army armed
with Mao Tsetttng Thought are invincible. Should you
VICE-CHAIRMAN LIN puo'S SPEECH 5
insist on imposing a war on the Chinese people, We will
keep you company and resolutely fight to the finish! On
the vast land of China, wherever you go, there will be your
burial ground !
We will always uphold proletarian internationalism and
firmly support the heroic Albanian people in their struggle
against imperialism and revisionism; firmly support tile
heroic Vietnamese people in carrying their war against
U.S. aggression and for national salvation through to the
end; firmly support the Laotian people in their just
struggle against U.S. imperialism and the reactionaries of
Thailand; firmly support the Palestinian people and the
people of all Arab countries in their just struggle against
U. S. imperialism and Zionism; and firmly support the
revolutionary struggles of all the oppressed nations and
people of the five continents!
People of the world, unite and oppose the war of
aggression launched by any imperialism or social-imperia_
lism, especially one in which atom bombs are used as
weapons! If such a war breaks out, the people of the world
-should use revolutionary war to eliminate the war of
aggression, and preparations should be made right nelw !
Long live the great, People's Republic of China!
Long live the great, glorious and correct Communist
Party of China !
Long live the victory of Chairman Mao's proleta.rian
revolutionary line!
Long live invincible Marxil3m-Leninism_Mao Tsctung
'Thought I
Long live our great leader Chairman Mao! A long,
long life to Chairman Mao I
r
"No political party can possibly lead a great revolutionary
movement to victory unless it possesses revolutionary theory
anel 8 knowledge of history Jlnd has a profound grasp of the
practical monment."
-MAO TSETUNG
China's Chairman Is Our Chairman :
China's Path Is Our Path
-Charo Mazumdar
THlB ancient and vast land of India, the beloved mother
land of ours, is a country of 500 million people the absolute-
ma.jority of whom are peasants. Ours (s an agrarian country,
( Ii land that belongs to the peasant masses who are hard-
working and talented.
The British cdlonialists directly ruled over our country
for some two hundred years and the history of these two-
hundred years is one of repeated peasant uprisings for the-
overthrow of the colonial rule. A little more than a hundred
years ago the so-called 'Sepoy Mutiny' sparked off a
countrywide conflagration and repeatedly inflicted defea.ts
on the colonial army of the British rulers. But that great
rebellion failed owing to feudalist betrayal.
The peasant uprisings failed one after another because-
there was no scientific theory nor proper leadership to-
guide them.
The Indian bour~eoisie. fostered and groomed by the-
Br~periBtsts, were comprador In character. 'I'hey
~tected the imperialists from the anger of tne masses~
confined the masses within the liUlits of reformist move-
ments and bargained with the imperialists to get crumbs-
for themselves. Helped by the imperialists they posed
themselves as the natural leaders of the masses. Such
Ttllral ••Md from the text ILl a.ppea.red in DESHABRATI, NOTember 6, 11l69.
CHIN.A.'e OHAIRMAN IS OUR CHAIRMAN 7
trash as "Gandhi-ism," passive resistance, akimsa and
eharkha are the ideology of India's comprador bourgeoisie
and serve only the imperialists.
The great October Revolution brought Marxism-Leni-
nism to the revolutiona'ry masses of India, and the
Communist Party was' formed. From the moment of its
birth the leadership of the Party was usurped by the
agents of the bourgeoisie. Instead of inspiring the masses
to rise arms in hand against the imperialist rulers
a.nd oTerthrow the imperialist rule by force of arms,
these usurpers of Party leadership trailed behind the
bourgeois reformist leadership and betrayed the revolu-
tionary worker and peasant masses. They repeatedly
thwarted the attempts of the Indian revolutionaries to take
j;he correct road for the Indian revolution. The experience
of the great Chinese revolution was never assimilated,
the content of the Indian revolution was never studied and
( no assessment of the role of the peasantry in the democ~atic
revolution was ever made. Thus, the rarty r&nks were
alternately led towards Right reformism and Left sectaria-
nismand finally dragged'into the morass of parliamentarism
1 and reTisionism. I
After World War II and even during it there appeared
a hightide of revolutionary upheaval of worker and peasant
masses which forced the British imperialists to change their
•• ctics. They turned colonial India into a semi-colonial
lemi-feudal country and foisted the rule of comprador-
bureaucrat capitalists and big landlords on the Indian
people. Thus started the process which. changed India
from a colopy into a neo-colony. .
During their rule of twenty years these laCkeys of
imperialism opened up the country for U.S. imperialist and
Soviet social-imperialist exploitation in addition to the
British imperialist exploitation. Today, India is a neo-
~olony of these powers. ••
• The u.t;. Imperill:Iists a.nd Soviet social-imperialists are
 LIBBRATION
8
the world's most ruthless exploiters today. They are
plundering and fleecing the Indian people without mercy
reducing them to a state of utter destitution. Today, the
U.S. imperialists and Soviet social-imperialists hav8
complete control over India-economically, politically,
militarily and culturally.
As a result of this relentless and increasing exploitation,
the mood of the Indian people has become one of anger
that has reached the point of white heat. Indeed, the
revolutionary situation is excellent.
India is an agrarian country and the vast masses of her
people are peasants, so the progress and development of
India depend on the progress and development of her
peasant masses. There are four major contradictions in
our country today, contradictions between the Indian
people on the one hand and U.S. imperialism, Soviet
social-imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capital on the
other, and the Indian people can liberate themselves only
by. overthrowing these four big mountains from their
backs. But it must be remembered that the main and'
I>rincipal contradiction in our country today, is the one
between the landlords and the peasantr! the resolution
of which alone can' lead to the resolutiOn of the other
( three contradictions. Thus the contradiction between
phe landlords and the peasantry is one between feudalism
) and the masses of the Indian people.
The peasant masses of India cannot liberate themselves
and tne country without the leadership of the working
class. The working class is the most revolutiona.ry c1as.
and the most organized detachment of the Indian people.
That is why only the working class can lead the Indian
revolution to victory, and why the Indian people can
overthrow the four big mountains only by carrying on their
struggle under the leadership of this class.
The main content of our revolution is agrarian revolutIOn.
Our revolution is democratic in character. But it is not a.
CHINA'S CHAIRMAN IS OUR CHAIRMAN 9
democratic revolution of the old type; it is part of the
world proletarian-socialist revolution ushered in by the
great October Revolution, and as such can be victorious
only under the leadership of the working clasr. This
revol~tion will establish under. the leadership of the
workmg claes a joint dictatorship of workers, peasants,
petty bourgeoisie and ~ven a section of the small and middle
_bou.rg~oisie, who together constitute the overwhelming
maJonty of the Indian people, i.e., 90 per cent of India's
population. This is why it is called People's Democracy.
Among the peasantry, the poor and landless peasa.nts
ar~ firm allies and the main force of the revolution. They
wIll. firmly unite with the middle peasants, win over a.
sectIOn of the rich peasants and neutralise the majority
of them. .£nly a small section of the rich peasants will
go over to the camp of counter-revolutio!?-. The pett;
tourgeOlsle ot our country is a revolutionary class the
ov~rwhel~ing. majority of which, including the revo-
lutIOnary mtellectuals, will join the revolution. A section
of th.er:nhowever, may detach itself from the main body
and Jom hands with counter-revolution.
The sm~ll and middle bourgeoisie are vacillating and
u~stable allIes of the revolution and tend to compromise
WIth counter-revolution because they are economically
and ~~ntally linked with the counter-revolutio~ries. They
may Jom the revolution only when they feel assured of its
victory. The role of the b~rgeois intellectuals should
alSObe consid.ered as that of the national bourgeoisie. Only
l
when worker-peasant alliance is achieved through armed
1... struggle and red political power is established in different
parts of the country can the democratic front of all these
classes be formed under the leadership of the working elas!!.
The working class can establish its leadership over
the. ~eople's democratic revolution only through ib
. ~cal party-the Communist Partyor lndia (Marxist-
LeDlDlst), ana in no other way. Apart from exerting
 LIBEBA'!iol'll
CIII~A'S CHAIRYAN IS OUR CHAIRMAN n
10 population are peasants Th t ' h
democratic India w'll b' ba ~swythe culture in people'B-
. leadership through its political party the working clasS ie aSlCally and 'I h
o the revolutionar malD y t e culture
3o1sohelps the democratic r~volution by launching struggles f
class and anti-imp ~.p~~~antsd'a culture led by the working
on various na.tional and international issues, by organizing is so because the e IIatIS an anti-feudal in character. This
solidarity actions in support of other revolutionary classes, cu ure that is
a.dvanced section of th represented today by the-
particularly in support of the agrarian revolution, and by . . e peasantry which ' '
b UlldlDga people's de t' J
mocra lC ndIa thr. h IS engaged
. In
sending it,s advanced and class conscious section to organize
the culture that .. oug armed struggle
he peasants' armed struggle in the countryside, IS servlDg as a w' •
democratic revolut' eapon lD the people's
' The working class can lead the democratic revolution . . lon, ca.nnot be anyth' h
antI-Imperialist :1 d
n an t'1- f eudal in h tlDg ot er than
to completion only by creating small bases of arme~
only such a culture can b .. c arac er, Therefore,.
struggle throughout the country by means of developing
cratic India and't Ide the. culture of people's demo-
guerrilla warfare and by consolidating the people's political d 1 wou be the d t f h
emocratic dictatorship of.Jndi u y 0 t e people'g·
\ power, Guerrilla warfare is and will remain the basic cultme that serves th a to. protect and foster this
!orm of strugg e for the entire period of the democratic e workers peasa t d
as It weapon in th . I' ' n s an soldiers
revolution. This is so becau e guerrilla warfare alone can .. elr revo utlOnary struggle.
( ;elease tne initiative and creative genius of the masses, lead We a.re hVlDg in the era of Mao Tset
them in making the impossible possible so as to bring great Communist Party of . ung. Today, the
•.bout changes in the conditions of the masses and th'e Mao and his clos C~lDa led by Chairman
' e comrade-lD arms V' Ch'
10 Piao is leadin th . -. lCe- alTmaD
countryside, inspire the masses to engage in various spheres L
fulfilling their most 19. e mternatlOnal proletariat in.
of work, and establish links and co-ordination between the g OrIOUStask nam I th .
bases of armed struggle, In this way, we have to create completion of th ld ,ey, e vICtorious
" e wor revolution W .,.
mighty waves of people's war by expanding the small bases this perIOd of world I t' ,e are hVlDg lD
revo u IOn. We ar 't .
of armed struggle, build a people's army, overthrow the our own eyes the I ' e WI nesslDg before-
g OrIOUSchapter of ld h'
rule of the four mountains in the countryside, use the the 'revolutionary'people
•
th I
e wor d over a
wor Istory that.
't'
elr sweat and bl d' re wn lDg with
countryside to encircle the cities alJd finally capture them, th 00 lD order to b r h
lind thus seize political power throughout the country and IlJatem of exploitat' f a 0 IF , once for all, the·
lOn 0 man by f
bring the democratie revolution to a victorious completion. We are a detachment of th t . .man rom the. world.
Th . a lDternatlOnal army.
A.fter ac.complishing this the working class must resolutely e revolutIOnary peop If'
proceed to build socialism in India, transform her into a· merged in the morass of r .e. 0 . India were all but sub-
gave h'.IS Cl'anon call andeVlSlOnlsm . when Ch airman . Mao-
socia.list state, abolish forever the system of exploitation the malO danger today. Wif~lDted out th~t revisionism is
of man by man, open up before the people the prospect of to the~e words of Chair deep ,attentIOn we listened
perpetual well-being and happiness, turn our country into a searchlDg of hearts am man Mao s and there began a,
up .h'IS p~n. in 1962 to ong fi ht us . As Ch alr~an
' Mao took
bastion of world revolution, and carry our revolution
Sov.let reVISIOnismas its ce~tr modern revlslOnism with
forw.rd to the bright future-a future without exploitation, dun.ng the Great Proletarian ~' l~e found our way, Later
so that it may become a pride of the people of the whole ChaIrman Mao's great call ,~?ra~ Revolution Tang out
reactionaries", which filled I hIt IS TJg~tto rebel against the
'World,
our earts With courage and gave
India is an agrarian country the vast majority of whose
 OHINA'S CHAIRMAN IS OUR CHAIRMAN 13. \

rea. cd'
ace t'lOn,
. when thue dreactlOnar
"
1~ Ismtegrating '.f forces mside
" th
us tremendous strength to rise up a.nd stand on our own .truggle and n er the hlows 01 th e country
leet, We defied the revi,fooi,t le.der.hip 01 the party and rulin' when the internal e peasant armed
. g classes are comi . contra.dictions of r
independently took the ro.d of developing the armed crIsis has b ecome 1ng out m the open and the
Even th c ea!" as daylight b f
r' he
po Itlcal
struggle of the pe•• ant m.sses, ood .ccepted the method
e most back e ore the m
3nd principle l.id down by Vice-Ch3irmon Lin piao in hi. entering the 1'1' ward sections of th asses,
great work "Long Live The Victory 01 People's War \", ag.inst the :; •••1 aren. Be a force a~de t~eOPle ar••
becau. thi' method and principle embody theming correct hourly . Th us th bIg mountains is deve1opmg " edstruggle
"I
e
&pplicatio 01 Moo T,etung Thought!.nd the ,um u~ increasingl h e, revolutionary situat' , a, yand
n . y ecommg more IOn m India is
01 the experienee g.ined the world over, Thi' is how we
passmg day and every pa . and more excellent with ev
organized the N.xalbari struggle, The great support Tod.y the ssmg honr, ery
given to u' by the gre.t, glorious aud correct Communi,t Ind" ' peasant armed t "
. and guerrilla bases h s ruggle ISbeing waged in
Party ol,Cbina enabled the revoiution.ries all over India "1a pro ave alread h '
to unite, and the flame' of Naxalb•ri spre.d to different ar Ind'
Th ves conclusively'th.t 't' ,y e,en eStahli,hed,
"t Ian reactIOnaries are t t Ill' IS uresistibleand th
State, of Indi. and there .ppeared Srik.kulam, Mu,hah ;
, s growth o. y unabl ' e
I ond Lakbimpur-Kberi. The concrete application of lIf.· more peoPI:ra:o preve~t it from develoei:'ther to arrest,
Tsetuog Thought iu the concrete condition, of India and of Mao Tsetun e becommg convinced of tto i~ More and.
" the cons • summing up of tbe experience gained in the'· steadily e gd'Thought, the peasant mense power
nt xpan mg d armed st l'
.trugg ' t led to revolutionary unity and the Communist established All .n more guerrilla h rugg e "
Party leof Indi. (Marsist-Lenini.t) w.s born, Th.t is why
the Indi. revolutionarie' are const.ntly .tudying M·a
Thought h th" ,hows how de I asas are being
as -struck its .ro t " ep y Mao Tsetun
n
'T,atung Thought- e ever deep r WI 'th e m the soil of Ind'130. It . OIl'.
tha highe,t .t.ge of Marsi.m-Leninism grow 0 g
"f thi' "', const.otly trying to .pply it in tha concrato our and WI "IIcreate very passing d WI
t ay, every " l'
• condition, of the Indian revolution, constautlY summing h
country ,o't' as orm that wOll passmg
up their own experience in the light of Chairman Mao's, 1 WIll bec 1 envelop th 0

",riting', thu,~e1opino0!!e m&S' l~, .nd trying to power that will orne a material force of t e entIre
. . sweep aw II 0 remendo
..elevatethe struggle'-to a still higher stage. reVISIOnists of all h ~y a kmds of reactio . us
The revolutionarY proletari.u party ",as born at. tim. leave f u"' hke '0 nar,es and
when the ftam , of people" war are burning brightly in s rom this great land of ou many dry and withered'
India, After the e victory of the G,eat proletari.n cultural
./ A people's d "rs. '
Revolution in Chin' the ftame' of people" war are
r
ob]ectlve Th emocratlC I n d'130 IS no 10
• 0

\ lit up t1 e first rays 01 the r d uger a di,\&nt

O 0

burnmg mo,e fiercely and hove become more wideapread

in the col • aud semi_colonial world iucre •• ing the' States al ~ coast, of Andhra and :' su~ 4ave already
oni 1 'rays of :~i:elore long, A radi.nt I ,II tmge the other
difficulties of the U ,S, imperi.li,t, .ud Soviet ,ocial-
imperialiat' at home .nd .b<D.d, Revi,ioni,m atands ever. Ever ~~d sun. will continue ndla, .bathed iny the·
:n expo,ed and its power to deceive the people ia d.ily and energy to b,.';ng::b~:t:~t must exert hi~o :::ne brffhtI lor'
fl rapidly decreasing, The revisioni,t' are nnoW coming out Victory' cert '1 "glonous luture "e e ort and,
openly in ,upport of imperiali.t agg,e"io with the re,ult
tl that ths impe".li,t' aod .oci.l-im periali,t. are rapidly Chairman ISour Chairman
0 am y belongs t 0 ,spath
and Ch'Ina us .because
. Chinn'
'" s-
IBour path.
T headiug toward' their tot.1 co11.p•• , Our Party was born
.t a time when the revisioui,t partie' 01 our country
",sre exposed .s the lackey' of imperiali,m and Indian
 /

SPRING THUNDER OVER INDIA 15

local tyrants and wicked gentry, and reactionary army and

police are nothing in the eyes of the revolutioLRlY }€RSants
who are determined to stnke them down to the dust. The
Spring Thurider Over India absolutely correct thing has been done by the Ie I'olutionary
, PEOPLE'S DAILY, group of the Indian Communist Party and they have done
. tant article Ilublished In theist Party of Ohina.
un it well. The Chinese people joyfully applaud this revolu-
I. 'rhis most 1mIlor Oommittee of the Comm d in the first issue
f the central 1967 (rellroduce h' torie tionary storm of the Indian peasants in the Darjeeling area
.org.n 0 on July 5, " reeted the 1S
led by. Ohairman Mao, 1967) enthusiast1callY , g, canee• A funda- as do all Marxist-Leninists and revolutionary people of
l
f LIBERATION, No. 1'1 d eXIllained its s1gn fi ade by the the whole world.
o t strugg e an 'has been m
Naxalban Ileas~n the Indian revolutiOn '1 More, it gives Ull It is an inevitability that the Indian peasants will rebel
mental evaluat10n of. t leadershill in this a.rtlc~, e its Ilublication
,
internat10nllo
1 Oommun1s , . Events SIne
11 as in Ilractlce.
.
the llignificance 0
f and the Indian people will make revolution because the
W:
guidance in theory abs ht out ever more sh~rIllY d: and its essence
have rou" 1 h s Increase. . t
reactionary Congress rule has left them with no alternative.
two yellorsIlogo. t' le and its va ue a , f \he Oommun1S India under Congress rule is only nominally independent ;
sa.idIn the ar 1C . ' eratlve or
'Whathas been. S ecially noW, it IS Imll e but many times, so in fact, it is nothing more than a semi-colonial, semi-feudal
even bIlghter. P h' article-not onc ,
gro'Wn. ' of India to reail t 1S . country. The Congress administration represents the
revolutlonaIles. as its significance. d in LIBERATION
I interests of the Indian feudal princes, big landlords and
,IloBto understand 1t an~ gr .Il _from the text as aIlIleare ·.•.er.arJ of its
""e rellublish thIS art1c le 'of the second annl ,
" . 1967.-on the occas 10n bureaucrat-comprador capitalists. Internally, it oppresses
Vol. 1, No.1, the Indian people without any mercy and sucks their blood,
iPub
. '
liea.t10nIn 0
ur l'ournal. _Editor, Libef'a~ion J while internationally, it serves the new boss,U,S.imperialism,
and its number one accomplice, the Soviet revisionist ruling
d O'\1erthe land of clique, in adition to its uld suzerain British imperialism,
d r has cra.sh e h e
A peal of spring thun e . the Darjeeling a.re~ aV thus selling out the national interests of India in a big way.
1 tionary peasants lD 'f revolutionary So imperialism, Soviet revisicnism, feudalism and bureau-
India. }1e'\10u . T-r der the leadershlP 0 a. f rural
. belhon. un t a red arello0 crat-comprador capitalism weigh like big mountains on the
n
l'ise In /:he Indlan Communist Pbar: ~stablished in India. ba.cks of the Indian people, especially on the toiling masses
group 0 d truggle has ee , for the
tionary arme s . n dous sigmnCance o()fworkers and peasants ..
revo lu. t of treme
.' de'\1elopmen . 1 The Congress administration has ilftensified its
Thls IS & 1 's re'\1olutionary strugg e. t ""'asses in thi\il
suppression and exploitation of the Indian people and
1n d'1110 n peop e f months,
th pelloSan •....
e d' Commu~
In the past eW of the In lan pursued a. policy of national betrayal during the past few
1 d by the r~'\1olutionarYgro:p kles of modern revision- years. Famine has stalked the land year after year. The
3re8.. e thrown off the s ac d them They
, I> t.., h80'\1e th t boun . nelds are strewn with the bodies ot those who have died of
c tHst at J' h d the trammels a the landlords
. Ilondsroas . e land an d .••.• .e.apons from 1 t rants an d hunger and starvation. The Indian people, above all. the
n Ism
have seized gralD, unished the loca Y d Indian peasants, have found life impossible for. them. The
f(
3nd pla.ntation owners, :ushed the reactionary tro~pS a~e re"lolutionary peasants in the Darjeeling area have now
tl:
, k d gentry, and am thus demonstratlDS risen in rebellion, in violent revolution. This is the prelude
WICe ress them med
r ce tha,t went to supp an
ts' re'\101utionary a.r. to a violent revolution by the hundreds of millions of
po 1 i ht of the peas .. ru t offiCials,
enormous mg. . l' ts revislOnlsts, cor p
All IlDpen IS • 80
stIugg 1e.
 LtBERA'.rION SPRING THUNDER OVER INDIA 17
16 t ' 1 Our great leader, Chairman Mao, teaches us: "The
, he Indian people will cer am,y
T, seizure of power by armed force, the settlement of the issue
People throughou.t IndIa. fi their backs and WID
b' g mountams 0 ,
by war, is the centr I task and the highest form of revolution.
cast away thes~ I, This is the general trend of IndIan
complete emancIpatIOn, th n check or hinder. This Marxist.Leninist principle of revolution holds good
history which no force on ear d ~ the Indian revolution? universally, for China and for all other co·untries."
What road is to be follo~e fiY to g the success of the The specific feature of Indian revolution, like that of the
t 1 questIOn a ec In ..
This is a.fun damen a 0 f th 500 million IndIan Chinese revolution, is armed revolution fighting against
, d the destmy 0 ,e ,
Indian revolutIOn an t t k the road of relymg armed counter-revolution. Armed struggle is the only
eople. The In d'Ian revo lution mUS a. e 'n the countl1S1'd e, correct road for the Indian revolution; there is no other road
P b" h' g base areas 1 ,
on the peasants, esta 11s m d t ggle and using the whatsoever. Such trash as "Gandhi-ism", "parliamentary
t t d arme s ru Th' road" and the like are opium used by the Indian ruling
persisting in pro :ac e tinall capture the cities., IS
countryside to enclTcle and dYthat has led the Chmese classes to paralyse the Indian people. Only by relying on
is Mao Tse-tung ,s, road the roa 1 d to victory for th e- violent revolution and taking the road of armed struggle
o and the on Y roa
revolution to vIctory, d t" ons and peoples, can India be saved and the Indian people achieve complete
/ revolution of all oppresse na 1 M Tse-tung pointed out liberation. Specifically, this is to arouse the peasant
Cha' rman 800 '
Our great lea d er, 1 Ch. 's contral, southern and masses boldly, build up and expand the revolutionary
g O' •.In lOa .I .
ll.S long as 40 years a, d ·Hion peasants wd nse armed forces, deal blows at the armed suppression of the
0

. ral hundre ml . d
northern provlOces,seve . a force so sWift an imperialists and reactionaries, who are temporarily
like a hurricane, h Id
like a mighty storm, t ·n be able to 0 stronger than the revolutionary forces, by using the whole
however grea, WI
violent that. no power, 11 the trammels that bind them Set of. the flexible strategy and tactics of people's war
it back. They WI s
·11 ma&h a
d to liberation. They WI
·n personally worked out by Chairman Mao, and to persist in
and rush forward al.on~ the r~a rds corrupt officials, local protracted armed struggle and seize victory of the revolu-
n the impenah&ts, war 0 , tion step by step.
sweep a . into their graves."
tyrants and evil gentry 0 0 ointed out long ago that the In the light of the characteristics of the Chinese
Chairman Mao explIcItly P 1 important place in revolution, our great leader, Chairman Mao, has pointed
o pies an extreme Y h
peftosantquestIOn occu ts constitute t a- out the importance of establishing revolutionary rural base
tO
I IOn. The peas an 0

the people's reVOu t' c revolution agamst areas. Chairman Mao teaches us: In order to persist in
o h tional-democra 1 . bl protracted armed struggle and defeat imperialism and its
main force 1D t e na h re the most reha eo
0

,0 d 'ts lackeys; t ey a ,0 t
lackeys, "it is imperative for the revolutionary ranks to turn
impenalIsm an 1 'h letariat IndIa IS a vas
and numerous allies of t e IPro try .:vith a population the backward villages ioto advanced, consolidated base areas,
. 1 d semi-feuda coun t into great military, political, economic ami cultural bastions
( semi-coloma an . °t of which thepeasan ry,
" th bsolute ma]on y , d' of the revolution from which to fight their vicious enemies who
n of 500 milhon, e a , 0 'ble force of the In laD
'11 b ome the InVInCI h
f( once aroused, WI ec, 't If with the peasants, t e are using the cities for attacks on the rural distriets, and in
tl B tegratmg 1 se h k' this way gradually to achieve the complete victory of the
revolution, y, In ble to bring about earth-s a mg
0

T Indian proletanat WIllbe a side of India and defeat any revolution through protracted fighting."
changes in the vast countr~, eo Ie's war. India is a country with vast territory; its countryside
enemy in a soul-stIrnng P p
power fu 1 . L-Nov.2
 LIBE'BA'l10~ SPRING THUNDER OVER INDIA

18 What they ean th " . 19

tIe
00 of these landlo d
non-Congres s government" is 1
where the reactionary ~ule is weak, provides tbe broad Bu' r ~ and hourgeoisie on y •
areas in wbich the revolutionaries can manoeuvre freely. no matter how well th' .
So long as tbe Indian proletarian revolutionaries adbere to naries and the mod .. ~ Imperialists, Indian rea t'
h ern rev"wmsts y c >e-
the revolutionary line of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Tse- s~hotage and suppression the t mah co-operate in tbeir
tung's Thought and rely on tbeir great ally, tbe reasants, p."
l 19 ted bY th e revolutionsries
. inorethe of1 ' a.'mc d struggle
it is entirely possible for tbem to establish one advanced y and the revolutionary peasa . ndian Communist
be put out "A . 1 nts lD Darjeeling '11
revolutionary rural base area after anotber in tbe broad The s a k·' SlDge spark can start a .. WI not
backward rural areas and build a people's army of a new p r lD Darjeeling '11 praIrie fire"
t . 1y set the vast WI Start a praIrie
ce ram . . fire and w'n.
type. Wbatever difficulties and twists and turns the expanses of I d' 1

Indian revolutionaries may experience in tbe course of great storm oi revolut' n la ablaze. That
s lOnary armed st I a
building sucb revolutionary base areas, tbey will eventually weep across the length d b rugg e will eventually
Altho
. ug h t h e course of the
an Indi readth of I n d'Ia IS
. certain.
develop sucb areas from isolated points into a vast
expanse, from small areas into extensive oneS, an expan- wIll be long and tortuous the I ;n revolutionary struggle
sion in a series of waves. Thus, a situation in wbich the great Marxism-Leninis~ M n Ian revolution, guided by
surely triumph. ,ao Tse-tung's Thought, will
cities are encircled from tbe countryside will gradually be
brought about in the Indian revolution to pave tbe way
for the final seizure of towns and cities and winning
nation-wide victory.
The Indian reactionaries are panic_stricken by the
development of the rural armed struggle in Darjeeling.
Tbey have sensed imminent disaster and they ",ail in alarm
that tbe peasants' revolt in Darjeeling will "become a
national disaster." Imperialism and the Indian reactionaries
are trying in a tbousand and one ways to suppress this
armed struggle of the Darjeeling peasants and nip it in the
bud. The Dange renegade clique and tbe revisionist
chieftains of the Indian Communist Party are vigorously
slandering and attacking tbe revolutionaries in tbe Indian
Communist Party and the revolutionary peasants in
( Darjeeling for tbeir great exploits. The so_called "non-
n Congress" government in West Bengal openly sides with
f( the reactionary Indian Government in its bloody suppression
tl of the. revolutionary peasants in Darjeeling. This gives
T added proof tbat these renegades and revisionists are
running dogs of U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism
and lackeys of the big Indian landlords and bourgeoisie.
 NOTES 21
• the first socialist state . tried to achieve their object through World War II. But
"The Soviet Umon was S ·et Union
• t party of the OVI the revolutionary Soviet people led by the Communist
and the CommunIs. Although the leadership
Pa.rty of the Soviet Union with Comrade Stalin at its head
was founded by Lemu. h noW beeU
. t p ty and state as displayed exemplary heroism and underwent great suffer-
of the SOVie ar •.. I ld advise
d b the reVISionIsts, wou ing to defend the torch of the October Revolution and
usurpe y • the conviction that
main firm ID smashed the fascist aggressors with the support of the
comrades t 0 re . Ie and Party
of the Soviet peop revolutionary people of the world. In the East the heroic
the mas!ies d that they want
Chinese people under the leadership of the great Commu-
members and cadres :r~yg::visionism will not
revolution and that ru e . nist Party of China led by Chairman Mao defeated the
3apanese fascist aggressors and later, carried the grea.t
last long." _Mao Tsetung
Chinese Revolution to victory by waging a protracted and
unprecedented people's war. The revolutionary people
throughout the world were armed with the invincible
weapon of people's war worked out by Chairman
Ml),o'Tsetung. Imperialism and its lackeys are powerless
NOTES before this weapon. From then on the world entered into
NEMIES OF THE OCTOBER a new era-the 'era of Mao Tsetung', as Comrade Lin
BURY THE E E SOIL OF INDIA Piao has characterized it, the era in which imperialism is
REVOLUTION IN TH d L 'n lighted the torch heading towards total collapse and socialism is advancing
COlnra e em to world-wide victory.
Fifty two years ago . r t Revolution in Russia. After
f the Great October SoCl~is 1 h ld high and carried The torch of the October Revolution lighted by Lenin
o ra d Stahn firm y e . . tl himself and upheld by Comrade Stalin was put out by the
his deatn Com e t that time the imperialists lOin y
Khrusc'bov-Brezhnev-Kosygin revisionist renegade clique,
forward that torch.d A. d one ways to put out that torch, . t
tried in a thousan an 'th failure. The heroic SOvle who usurped the leadership of the Party and state in the
but all their attempts met. Wi f the great Communist Party Soviet Union,-the land of Lenin and Stalin, the land
people under the le~ders~~t 0 by Lenin. himself and w~th of the October Revolution. These traitors to the
of the Soviet Umon bitely held high the ftamlUg October Revolution restored capitalism in the land of the
. t' t head reso u . f 'Soviets where socialism, was established by Lenin and Stalin
Comrade Stahn a 1 s . d won one victory a ter
b Revol utlOn an d for the first time in human history. These agents of the
torch of the Octo er 1 t' nary peop 1e the world over stoo
another. The revo u 10. fulfilling their glorious task. bourgeoisie turned the glorious Communist Party of the
the SovIet people in -sixth of the globe and Soviet Union, built and fostered by Lenin and Stalin, into a
( by br hed over one .
ocialism was esta is E 1 became a living reahty bourgeois fascist party and turned the Soviet Union, the
D S nd nge s f h
f( the dream of Marx a liberation before the people 0 t. e tfirst 'Socialist state, into a social-imperialist state. What
tl opening up the road to 1 . f the dependent countnes ·the imperialists could not achieve by force was achieved
whole world including t~e peop e 0 ..•peacefully' for them by Khrushchov, and Brezhnev-Kosygin
T
like the vast land of India. . 1 k ys tried time and again revisionist renegade clique.
. l' t nd their aC e Th
The impena is saO t ber Revolution. ey
e torch of the c 0
to pu t ou t th
 LIBERATION NOTHS 28
22 the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. The revolu-
Mao Tsetung who ~
It is the great leader Chairman 1 t put out by the tionary Indian people must also march hand in hand with
h 6 tober Revo u Ion . the revolutionary Chinese people to bury the enemies of
lighted the torch of t e c 1 d f Lenin and Stalin, ag':l'lD
. . t 'tors in the an 0 k the OCLober Revolution, Soviet social-imperialism and its
reviSlODlst ral . t and dispelled the dar ness
in China and held It alof, t'on of Khrushchov, Indian lackeys ll.long with U.S. imperialism, in the soil
b th traltorous ac 1 of India. It is an imperative revolutionary task of the
brought about Y e This traitorous gang
'and company. . f f
Brezhnev, KOSYSlD, ' China also, chle 0 Indian people to carryon a relentless and resolute struggle
of revisionists had theIr agents ln b Liu Shao-chi. against modern revisionism while continuing to fight
h 'dd traItor an d sca . against imperialism. We must remember that while U.S.
whom was the 1 en . d dId the victoIloUS
lly initIate an e ;] imperialism is a known and declared enemy of the October
Chairman Mao persona 1 t: on in China anu.
Great Proletarian Cultural Revo uhl d d by Liu Shao- Revolution, Soviet social-imperialism is the hidden enemy,
, h d uarters ea e
smashed the bourgeOls ea q . . The historic' an enemy which is donning the mask of a friend and so, a
.' DlS . t and reactlOnanes.
chi, and the reVlSlO s t lorious and correct more dangerous enemy.
Ninth National Congress of the, grea, g of victory-the Under the tremendous impact and influence of China's
, t f China, IS a congress .
CommuDlst Par yo, C It 1 Revolution whICh Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and guided by the
h G t proletanan u ura . brilliant Mao Tsetung Thought a worldwide struggle has
victory of t e rea d f the October RevolutIOD.
buried the enemies of the roa 0 begun against the hated enemies of the October Revolution.
in China. . f the October RevolutioU' This struggle has spread even to the Soviet Union where
In India, the hidden enemIes 0 h' f the Communist the geniune revolutionaries and the revolutionary masses
t e the leaders lp 0 ,
managed to cap ur b ' . g These Indlan l are rising up and getting organized in order to overthrow
f the very egmDln. their neo-fascist rulers and rekindle the torch of the October
Party of IndIa rom D .Sundarayya clique-have
.' . t gades-the ange , th Revolution. This struggle has begun in India also, where
revlslOnlS rene b f re FollowlDg e
tive than ever eo.
now become more ac th Khrushchov-Brezhnev the spa.rk of Naxalbari has spread to vast areas and the
f th' gur'Us- e . flames of revolutionary peasant armed struggle are raging
footsteps 0 elr r th yare frantically trying to·
revisionist renegade c lque, e 1 tionary armed struggle like a prairie fire and the Communist Party of India.
th fl mes of the revO u (Mar:x:ist-Leninist), the genuine revolutionary party based
stamp out e a f the October Revolution on
in India, that is the. flame 0 t ve their masters- on the Mao Tsetung Thought has been formed.
· lD order 0 ser
the soi i 0f I n d la, . ' l' perialism who are' Today, the revolutionary people of India are marching
, l' d SOVIet SOCla-1m
U.S. impena Ism an., India and have turned India into irresistibly forward under the leadership of this Party to
plundering and exploltlDg 't drag the revolutionary bury not only imperialism but also modern revisionism in
. 1 They are trYlDg 0 d the soil of India. Because they know that it is impossible
theIr neo-co ony. f rliamentarisIDl an ,
1 't the morass 0 plio
Indian peop e lD 0 h r e as cannon-fodders" to carryon the struggle against imperialism and overthrow
'peaceful' path, and ~ake. t em s~ : it without fighting against modern revisionism.
in the U,S,_Soviet antl-Chl~a war Pe~ sie have buried the In commemorating the 52nd anniversary of the October
The revolutionary Chmese ~ p. Ch' under the Revolution we pledge that armed with the Thought of
. hOt ber RevolutIOn lD lDa
enemies .of t e ,c 0 M by victoriously carrying out Chairman Mao we will burn the enemies of the October
leadershIp of ChalIln~n ,liLO .
 LIBERATION
24
Revolution into ashes in the flames of the armed guerrilla.
struggle which is being w~ged in India under the leadership
of the Communist Party of' India (Marxist-Leninist), and
carry the democratic revolution of India through to victory.
The 52nd anniversary of the October Revolution calls upon
us: "Bury the enemies of the October Relolution in the soil
of India."
A MOST HEARTENING EVENT
The Indian people heartily applaud China's success in
conducting her first underground nuclear test on September
23,1969 and a new hydrogen bomb explosion on September
29, 1969. These tremendous new successes are another
victory of great Mao Tsetung Thought and a brilhant fresh
( people of India, inspired and guided by the invincible Mao
confirmation of the all-round upsurge ushered in by the
victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution ~nd
the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of Chma..
They are a new telling blow to the policy of nuclear black
mail pursued by U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionist
social-imperialism. They are, at the same time, a :powerful
support and an immense encouragement to the people of
India and of the whole world in their struggle against
imperialism, modern revisionism and all reaction. The
Indian people are confident that the great Chinese people
armed with Mao Tsetung Thought and led by Chairman
Mao and Vice-Chairman Lin Piao will continue to score
even greater victories.
China develops nuclear weapons for strengthening her
national defence and for breaking the nuclear monopoly
( SLAPPING
of U.S. imperialist and Soviet social imperia.lism. The
D
Chinese Government has declared solemnly on many
f(
occasions that at no time and under no circumstances will
tl
China be the first to use nuclear weapons. This highly
T tumbled down. The revisionist renegades Dange- Sunds.-
principled stand of China is warmly acclaimed by the
peopl~ of India and of the whole world.
NOTES 25
These new successes are an irrefutable proof of socialist
China's increasing ability to deal crushing blows to any
aggressor that dares to touch her. They are a serious
warning to U.S. imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism
a.nd their lackeys, the Indian reactionaries and other Asian
reactionaries, who are frantically hatching plots to unleash
a war of aggression against China-the reliable base area
and impregnable fortress of world revolution. At the bid-
ding of their U.S.-Soviet masters the Indian reactionaries
have turned India into a base of aggression against China
and against the revolutionary Asian p€ople.
Let the U.S. imperialists, Soviet social.imperialists and
their running dogs, the Indian reactionaries tremble before
the swiftly increasing might of socialist China. Should
they dare to launch a war of aggression against China, the
Tsetung Thought and led by the Communist Party of
India (Marxist-Leninist) will resolutely use revolutionary
war to eliminate the war of aggression and will bury the
aggressors in the soil of India.
The hearts of the 500 million Indian people throb in
uni.son with those of the 700 million Chinese people.
GUided by the all-conquring Mao Tsetung ThouBbt and led
by Chairman Mao and Vice-Chairman Lin Piao tbe Indian
pe~ple will fight sboulder to shoulder with the great
Chmese people and with the people of the wo.rld to destroy
U.S. imperialism, Soviet revisionist social-imperialism a~d
all reaction,and build a new red world without exploitation.
THEIR OWN FACES
So it has happened again, this time in Kerala. The
'no~-?o~gress' united front government led by the arch
reVlSlODlst renegade Namboodiripad has igncminiously
rayya and company held out this government as a model
 LIBERA~ION 1ll0TBS 27
26
working people without batting an eye. Referring to the
before the people and flaunted it as a victory of their
"industrial policy" statement of his government, Namboo-
revisionist poisonous politics of parliamentarism and pea~e-
diripad admitted that some passages in the statement "ma.y
ful path. With the appearance of the first sparks of Indian
well go contrary to the right of the working class for
revolution in Naxalbari these implacable enemies of the
collective bargaining and their freedom of organization and
Indian people and revolution became even more frantic in
struggle" and that "industrialists were unanimous in
their attempts to divert the people's attention from
a.cclaiming it." (Ibid)
Naxalbari to the 'non.Congress' governments, that is, from
Iron-clad facts like these fully demonstrate the reactio~
the path of revolutionary armed 'struggle to the peaceful
nary anti-people features of the KeraJa UF government led
path. For this purpose they made all sorts of absurd
by ~amboodiripad. At the same time they expose the
promises and tried to paint the 'non-Congres~' govern-
praises that the revisionist renegades heap on the 'non-
ments in bright colour. They frandulently claimed that
Congress' governments as hollow words and lies. The
these governments could give "immediate relief" to the
people can see more clearly the real reactionary nature of
people and "great fillip to the revolutionary moveme.n~ of these governments as well as of Dange-Sundarayya and
the working people", and falsely cited the NamboodlTlpad
company. All their deceitful talk cannot cover up the fact
government as an example. This was a most shameless
I that the so-called 'non:'Congress' governments are tools in
attempt to deceive and benumb the people. the hands of the reactionary ruling classes of India to
The Kerala UF government led by Namboodiripad
prolong their dark rule and deceive the people.
faithfully served the Indian and foreign vested interests as The ',Qon-Congress' UF government led by Namboodiri-
no Congress government could do. While zealously pro- pad and set up by the reactionary ruling classes of India.
tecting and promoting the interests of the four mountains fell at a time when the flames of the revolutionary armed
weighing heavily down on the Indian people, it ruthlessly struggle of the Indian people guided and inspired by Mao,
persecuted, suppressed and killed the workers, peasants ~n~ Tsetu~g Thought are raging like a prairie fire and rapidly
other toiling people. During its 31 month rule Namboo~m- spreadmg to newer areas. This fall is a big defeat fOD
pad's government not only did not give any "immedIate Dange- 8undarayya and company and their masters. It has
relief" to the people of Kerala but, on the contrary, served once more exposed the ba~kruptcy of the peaceful path and
to intensify the exploitation of the people and i,ncrease'
parhamentarism so frantically spread by Soviet social-
their impoverishment and miseries. Ten months after the
imperialism and its Indian lackeys. It demonstrates that
UF government was set up in Kerala, Namboodiripad had
the rUli,ng classes are caught in a crisis which is daily
to admit that "people today .hl}:>ve
... even less food ( and that
deepenmg and from which they cannot extricate themselves.
j at higher cost) than ten months ago. The problem of
(
A .little more than two and a half years ago the
unemployment and lack of all-round economic development
Dangeites and the traitorous revisionists Sundarayya·Jyoti-
n ha.s also become worse during the last ten months".
f( Namboodiripad and company ganged up with various
(People's Democracy, January 14,1968). reactionary parties to present a united front against the
tl Far from giving "fillip" to the "revolutionary movement
l'ev?lutionary Indian people and serve the reactionary
T of the working people" Namboodiripad, the shameless lackey'
ruhng classes more effectively than the Congress.
of the ruhng classes, sold away vital interests of the
 LffiERATION
28
Teactionaries. But in spite of .all their wild attempts to
prevent the Indian people from taking the path of armed
revolution, the revolutionary masses, inspired by Mao
Tsetung Thought,h.ave scornfully rejected the peaceful path
and parliamentarism and embarked on the path of violent
'revolution-the path of Naxalbari. All the tricks of the
reVIsionist renegades have failed miserably. Going is
becoming tougher and tougher for them.
Like robbers who fa,llout over the shares of their booty
the wretched lot of revisionists and reactionaries that
comprised the 'united front' in Kerala have now fallen out
and are flying at one another's throat. Unable to find an
.excuse for their clumsy discomfiture they have now begun to
slap their own faces. As the revolutionary armed struggle
/ continues to gather momentum the mutual bickerings
among them will increase and not lessen. Namboodiripads
and their associates will carryon with greater gusto their
game of slapping one another's face until the fierce storm
of Indian revolution finally sweeps them away into oblivion
along with their masters-U.S. imperialism, Soviet social-
imperialism and their Indian lackeys.
THE DOG-FIGHT AND AFTER
The stinking cesspool has been stirred up again and
the air is heavy once more with its foul smell. The
apparent calm of the few weeks of 'unity' and truce brought
about by powers that be has been shattered by a now round
of in-fight more violent and bitter than before. The
"syndicate" fa,ction of the ruling Congress Party led by
Nijalingappa is locked once more in a vicious fight for
power with the faction headed by Indira Gandhi. The
fight is of course not over principles. The issues are as
as banal and inconsequential as the men that fight over
them. Previously it was the election of the President,
now it is the .control of the Congress f~,r~r Qrsanization.
29
NOTBS
For 22 y~ars the Congress administration has loyally
~erve~ t.he bIggest enemies of the Indian people-U.S.
ImperIalIsm and Soviet social-imperialism and their native-
lackeys, and ruthlessly suppressed the workers peasants
and. othe~ toiling people. It has sold away In'dla's vital
natlOnalmterests
. .. to U .S . imperialism and SOVIe . t sOCIa-
. 1
ImperIalIsm, t~rned India into their neo-colony and
base of aggressIOn against China. No wonder the people-
re~ard the Congress Party and the government it le~ds
wIth deep hatred and contempt. The sickening sight of
th~ Congress basses fighting among themselves fillls the
mmds of the people with disgust and their contempt
becomes greater.
But the howling jackals of reaction, the Dange'
Sundara!ya.and company, are already in the field with the·
bourgeoIs lIterary hucksters to make the dog-fight in the
Congress Party appear as a great battle for "democracy"
and "progress" and even "socialism'" . Th ey would h ave
~he people believe that the faction led by lndira Gandhi
IS progressive and deliver goods to the people. This is ho
the revisionist renegades try to serve th~ reactionary rulin:.
~lasses. In order to save the ruling Congress Party from
ItS ~oom they are asking the people to put their faith in
Ind.ira Gandhi and give up the road of violent revolution.
ThIS completely exposes their 'anti-Congress' postures as
mere deception, and shows them up in their fea~ures.
However, the utter bankruptcy and rottenness of the
Cong~ess Party stand exposed before the people and the
frantIC e~orts of Dange-Sundarayya and company cannot
cover up ItS ugly reactionary features. All its efforts to
hold down the masses by force and to deceive them into·
submissi.on have failed. The revolutionary Indian people
have reJected the peaceful path and parliamentarism
peddled by Indira Gandhis and Dange-Sundarayya and
com~an!,~and embarked on the road of violent revolution.
Their VIgorous revolutionary armed struggle is hitting the
 LIBERATION
~o
ruling classes where it hurts most. The Congress Party
is powerless to prevent the irresistible victorious march
f the Indian revolution. That is why the Congress bosses
~ave pressea into service their loyal jackals-the re-:isionist
Dange-Sundarayya clique. But the jackals' fate will be no
better t,han their masters. .
The present dog-fight in the Congress P~rty IS an
-expression of the crisis that has gripped the ruhng c~asses.
pounded relentlessly by the angry blows of the revol~tlOnary
people it is cracking up and its inner contradl~tlOns. are
.coming out into the open. No matter what 1Ogemous
devices are made to restore 'unity' inside .the .Con.gress
Party. it is inexorably heading towards ~ts 1Oe'71table
destruction. Indira Gandhi and others who, wIth the help of
the wretched revisionists Dange-Sundarayya and compan:,
:are trying to rebuild their images at t.he C?st ~f theIr
parent organization, are merely indulgmg 10 wild day-
dreams. The limbs of a corpse have only as ~ood a chan~e
to survive as the corpse itself. Indira Gandhis and theIr
jackals-the Danges, Sundarayya, Jyoti Basus and
Namboodiripads, ,are powerless to turn the wheels of
history back. The revolutionary Indian people Will ~hrow
them unceremoniously into the garbage heap of hIstory
before long.
An Announcement
I. In Kerala many notices are being issned in the name of
f the Kerala State Organizing Colnmittee of the Commn-
t nist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist).
The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) bas
'1
got no connection with those notices.
I News Box I
Imprisoned Communists Escape From Jail
(From Our Own Representative In Hyde1'obad)
On October 10, eleven Communist revolutionaries-7 of
them are poor peasants, one is a worker while the other
three are revolutionary intellectuals-made good their
-escape from the Vishakhapatnam Central Jail and ale now
back again among the revolutionary masses. ,
In a special interview they told me about how they did
it. While in jail they came to the conclusion that there
were only two ways to get out of it-one, the revolutionary
people would free them, and two, they would have to rely
<ontheir own efforts to get out of the jail. 'They decided to
rely on their efforts rather than waiting for the people to
come and free them. Once the decision was taken they
implemented it in a. thoroughgoing maner. That is how
they escaped from the jail.
They expressed great joy when they learned that
revolutionary peasant armed struggle has begun anew in
West Bengal, and sent their warm revolutionary greetings
to the Party and the guerrillas in West Bengal.
20th Anniversary of The Chinese Revolution
Observed In Vishakhapatnam Central Jail
The imprisoned Communist revolutionaries of Andhra
-observed the 20th annivet"sary of the Chinese Revolution
-on October 1, inside the Vishakhapatnam Central Jail.
They hoisted the red flag and sang the International.
On this occasion they. pledged to carry forward, no matter
whether they were in jailor outside, the armed revolution
that has started in India under the inspiration of Mao
Tsetung Thought and is being led by the Communist Party
-ofIndia (Marxist-Leninist).
 LIBERATION

Andhra Comrades Greet The Party Srikakulam Guerrilla Struggle

And the Guerrillas II) West Bengal
The neWSthat peasant armed struggle has again started
Extends To The Plains .· A lesson
a.new in West Bengal has brought a wave of great ( From Our Own COr?'espondent )
enthusiasm among the revolutionary people of Andhra.
The Secretary of the Andhra State Organizing Committee lIKE the crashing of spring thunder . .
red banner of Mao Ts t Th the vICtorlOUSgreat
of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) has e ung ought '
a.nd began to fly defiantl . N . was raised in India.
sent revolutionary greetings to the party and the guerrilla , y ID axalban It b'
reached Andhra Pradesh 'd b . s rever eratIOns
fighters of West Bengal, through the West; Bengal State , an rought B dd
Boddapadu is a thriving 'II ' 0 apadu to the fore.
Organizing Committee of the Party. He has stated in the . VI age ID the So ttl '
message that this success of the Party and the guerrillas coastal reglOn of Srik akId"
u am Istnct It mpeh a a uk . ID the
in West Bengal would help the revolutionary struggle in of the revolutionary act"t f ,was t e maID centre
. IVI Y a the g t
Knshnamurthy popula 1 k rea martyr Panchadi
r y nown as "P K" S '
!
Andhra to go forward. peasant, he passed the M A .... on of a poor
Two More Class Enemies Annihilated University in Visakh 't' examIDatIOn from the Andhra
apa nam and th
Boddapadu to work . ereafter settled in
In Debra, West Bengal .
tlOnary, as a whole-tIm e pro f'esslOnal revolu-
Two more class enemies have been annihilated by the
peasant guerrillas in Debra, Midnapur district. On October The revolutionary comrad
from CPI(M)after the B d es of Andhra broke away
20, adibasi peasant guerrillas decided to do away with a P , ur wan plen d
rovIDcial Committee. [CPI (M)Jum, an a new Andhra
notorious agent and reactionary class enemy Dhana
unfortunately Nagi R dd . was formed. But
Hembrom, .who happened to be an adibasi also. They ' e y and hIS foIl
t o seIze a. part of that new ,. owers managed
annihilated Dhana on the same day. Comrades P K Ch T' provIDclalleadership. However
On October 23, another notorious police agent and ' .". eJeswar Rao a d th •
nkakulam disl'k d N' _ n 0 er comrades of
jotedar Satish poray, was annihilated by the peasant S I e agi Reddy a d
ver:- beginning, and built th ' P. . compan! from the
guerrillas in Union no. 4 under Debra P.S. theIr own men and took u th e dlstnct or,ga~Isation with
Guerrilla Struggle Spreads To Hoogly organisations. They .Pt .e work of bUlIdIDg the lower
't
Wl h Nagi Reddy a d
maID aIDed anI y a formal connection
District, West Bengal
Di ' n company.
The peasant guerrilla struggle has now spread to the SCUSSlOnswere held
proceed., Fro th on the question: How to
Hoogly district. A few days ago, a peasant guer~il1a unit . m every b ' .
I the work of pol't' 1 egIDnIDg emphasis was on
composed of 3 poor and landless peasants attacked and I Ica propag n d
f, seemed suddenly filled with ent: ,a. Boddapadu village
seriously injured the most hated despotic jotedar Basu
tl peasants listened with b t d uSlasm. Poor and Ia.ndless
Ghose with bows and arroWS and tangis. This has greatly
'I Naxalbari struggle and th a e. bre~th to the stories of
enthused the local peasant masses. e ulllque hIstory of the Ch'
__ av. 3 Inese
(Continued on page 99) L N
 LIBERATION SRIKAltULAIl GUERltILLA STRUGG:LE 35
34
of them teen- Raping by the marauding policemen is a common occur-
Th oor peasant youths, many
revolution. e p .' their own which they rence. During a raid on a, village in Tekkali taluk these
orgamzatlOn on 'f
aged forme d an . S h "-AssociatlOn 0 beasts raped no less than five peasant women of different
, d "Tyagl ang am "
themselves name _. h'S T£' The "Sangham ages causing ,death to a pregnant woman. Leading cadres
H R nunClated tee ' h
Those Wh? ave e ose of bringing up men w 0 are being shot whenever they are arrested. Uptil now
worked wIth the sole pur: of revolution. Inspired by eleven comrades including Comrade P.R., and the other
ke
would sacrifice all for the s " tIt one member from comrades who were with him, have been shot dead on two
h "S gham a eas
the work of t e an . f '1 and others from some occaSSlOns.
r peasant amI y . .
almost every poo h' h arth and home to JOIn But all this brutal repression has failed to cow down
TIft t elr e
middle peasant faml les e th r central organization. the people. "This is a quite new experience for us," say
'11 quad or any 0 e
the central guern a s d d village alone, nor the comrades, "the people indeed have taught us a
.- 'th belong not to Bod apa u
Now, ey the whole of.Andhra. completely new lesson." Instead of frightening the people
to Srikakulam, but to d to learn more about the police repression has only fanned the flames of hatred
. . t the comra es
1was Ilstemng 0 h k In TeJegu, the in their mind against the reactionary ruling classes.
hI' where t. ey wor .
( them and about t e pace d' t . t l'S called "udyanam,' Our contacts are extending in direct prollortion with the
plains area of ten h S 'k a.kulamfrom IS nc
the sea-beach the whole stepping up of police zoolum, and the comrades are deeply
that is, garden, StartlDg t t h of sandy land, covered realizing the truth of what Chairman Mao has taught:
. 'vast s re c .
of the platns area IS a The thick trunks nse "Wherever there is oppression. there is resistance."
f cashew-nut trees. . th
with groves 0 d then"]ean to skIm e At noon We had our meals of rice and fish-curry,
four to five feet above the groun along the ground brought secretly by the villagers, and had a good nap in an
h bi branches grow
,ground, All t e g . h t 00 from the grow udyanam. In the afternoon came an old woman with a
11r ones whlC s e
while the sma e . 1 tree turns into a little girl. She affectionately addressed us as "bapallas"
ds so that a SlDge
-straight upwar , d the trunk is remar- [my child], and asked us to take good care of ourselves
Th ground aroun .
beautiful grove. e d d all sides by the tohage because, as she apprehensively said,the police would
kably clean and is surroun e yon can travel from one kill us with bullets if they as much as saw us. Smiling,
U
'd good cover. 0 .' th
which provl es a h' such udyanams aVOIdlDg e she added, "We are having a good dose of their repression.
village to another, throug t lly doing so. This is how They come in the morning, then drive us all from the
rnllas are ac ua " ,
.enemy. Th e gue . th plains area anmhilatlDg village to the fields herded like cattle and start beating
. g about In e 'd t
they are mOVlD ' g on po l't'
1 lca
1 propaganda 0.001· s mercilessly with lathis".
d
.class enemies an carrylD .
A Novel Way to Distribute Leaflets: There is a story
police repression. .' tral reserve police ~bout how a peasant woman distributed leaflets. Her son
1 • • There IS a cen
police RepressIon.. h If mile of every village ~s a young peasant guerrilla comrade. After taking part
f 'th' mIle or a a
t, {C~) camp WI lD a, f f the State is unable lD an action for annihilating class enemies he came to the
. h d pohce orce 0
because t e arme . Ie police raids are village. By the time the police came the next day his
'I 'th th guerrilla strugg .
to cope WI e. '11 ge or other and old comrades had moved away to safety, but he could not
. d day In some VI a
.orgamze every b ten up mercilessly. €scape. The police could not recognize him nor the
me n , children and women are ell.
 SRIKAKULAM GUERRILLA STRUGGLE
LIBERATION
36 allegedly unable to grasp the politics of armed
unl th I struggle
villagers betrayed him, so he joined the police party in ess ey are ed through econom'
( struggle t 1
their search, and stayed with them till dusk and then fled. for stopping eviction and for IC S ~ugg es, such as
To preach the politics of d gettmg vested land,
Next da.y the police realized that they had been fooled. arme struggl b f
economic struggl es are carned . on . e .e ore such
Unable to find him,. they arrested his mother and
~ndits, 'adventurism' d ,IS, accordmg to these
his ten year old sister. The mother was worried about . ' pure an sImple Ch'
bas pointed out. . "Th e masses have a t t" . I aIrman' Mao
a thick bundle of leaflets in the house which her son
enthusiasm for socialism Th po en la Iy lOeJlhaustible
had brought earlier for distribution. If she did not remove routine in a revolution' oS,e who can only follow the old
the leaflets the police would certainly take them away. . ary perIod are uUe I '
'Seeingthis enthusiasm Th ' r y Incapable of
So, she decided to keep .them with her. She bound them of them 'At t' . ey are blind and all is dark ahead
securely round her waist and covered it up with her sari , fmes they go so fa t
wrong and turn things u 'd d r as 0 confound right and
before getting into the police van. In the front of the van pSI e own, Haven't
enough persons of th'IS t ype? Those wh ' weIcome across
sat some armed policemen while the mother and her
old routine invariabl d' 0 simp y follow the
daughter sat in the back. They were being taken to the y un erestilnate the I ' ,
Let something new app d peop e s enthUSIasm.
police camp. The mother was still worrying over the ear an they always d'
(
to oppose it. Afterwards the l~approve and rush
leaflets. If she took them with her to the police camp,
little self. criticism B t t'h y have to admit defeat and do a
the police would surely destroy them, After some hard , u e next tim th'
they go through the sam e some mg new appears,
thinking she hit upon an idea. She began to distribute pattern of behaviour in e prodcess all over again. This is their
the leaflets from the moving police van! In this way she •regar to anything d '
:Such people are al ' an everythmg new.
managed to distribute all the leaflets in four or five villages ways passive al Ii '
at the critical mom t ' ways all to move forward
on the way to the police camp. This caused a great sensa- • en, and always have t b '
10 the back before th 0 e gIven a shove
tion among.the people. The mother and her daughter were: ey move a step" Th' d '
applies to our pund't h . IS escnption fully
released soon after reaching the camp. When they b ....., 1 S W 0 advocate .
efore political propaganda. economIC struggJe
returned comrades asked them, "What made you distribute
the leaflets from the police van r" Pat came her reply; Garudabhadra Incident: Ther .
'September 1968 over th ,e were dIfferences in
"Well, what else could I do r Since the van was to travel e questIOn whether 't .
sustain armed struggl ' ,lIS possible to
a. long distance I thought of distributing the leaflets from .J 'ff e m the plams or n t d
it, In this way the leaflets have reached a great many ul erences persisted th roug h out the year 0, 1968an Th' these
people. Moreover, it has saved us much labour and time."
This story shows the presence of mind of the peasants and
w h y comrades here sa'
upto the month of
,
J ,,'
that nothmg was done" in 1968 and
anuary ]969 Yet d'
.
'
IS is

penod whea "noth" . urlDg thls very

their ability to act with a cool head in the face of danger. mg was done" th t k
As Chairman Mao ~has pointed out: "The masses have which madE1the whole of A dh . ere 00 place an event
Garudabhadra inc'd t n ra SIt up. 'Ihis event was the
boundless creative power, They can organize themselves and 1 en, Although th' . ,
f even distantly resembl . IS mCldent did not
concentrate on places and branches of work where they can h ' e a guernlla "actio" t
t. ere mvariably begin th . n , ye comrades
1f
give full play to their energy." dent, "First there w t: ~ports by referring'to this inci-
'] According to certain "theoreticians" however the as e arudabhadra incident then ... "
peasanls, who are oapable oraoting as seen abov~, are
 LmERATION SRlKAKWLAM GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 89

finished our mid-day meal at a place in the Parvatipuram

This is what happened in Garudabhadra village. One
Agency area when news came of an armed police raid on
day in October 1968, some comrades from Bod~apadu
Tulsi, a village about a furlong away from where we were
and other villages decided to organise a demonstratIon for
staying. We at once climbed up the hill and found that
making political propaganda in Garuda.bhadra.. Among the
the raid was being made not on Tulsi but on another
demonstrators, who were mostly women, was Comrade
village. The strength of the raiding policemen was
P. K.'s wife-Nirmala. The landlord's men attacked the
reported to be 12. There was no trace of any excitement
demonstration and beat up many of the women demonstra-
in Comrade Tejeswar Bao. With cool deliberateness he
tors. The class enemies also used filthy language aga.inst
gave his decision, "We must launch on attack on the police
Comrade Nirmala. As the ne~ s of this dastardly attack
party." With this he himself hurried away with about
spread, the peasants from some seven villages a.~sembled
12 comrades to carry out the decision.
and forcibly harvested and carried away the standmg crops
Another incident which took place during t.he present
of the landlord, who later called in the police. Warrants were
tour also showed Comrade Rao's ability to remain cool
issued against almost everyone of our comrades. A~d
Ilondcollected in the face of mishaps. A comrade was to
this is how the first basis of forming a guerrilla squad wlth
eame a.nd inform us about our next destination. It
those comrades w.9.Slaid. Further, this incident. provided
so happened that the 'comrade came but went back unable
an opportunity to the comrades ..£0 break off their con~ec-
to contact us. Since we had no other contact we found
1 \ tions with Nagi and company who were still creatmg ourselves stranded and in a quandary. For five days we
,trouble. Shortly after this Comrade P. K. went to meet
h~d to roam about from place to place and spend the nights
\ I Comrade Charu Mazumdar~in North Bengal.
elther on a railway overbridge at a railway station or out
It required a long and fierce political struggle to
in the paddy fields on the low embankments. But Comrade
establish the truth of the political maxim that we should
Tejeswar Bao was unperturbed and not even for a moment
first "do" then "learn", that is, learn while doing. This
expressed any anxiety or dissatisfaction. I have seen him
struggle was led by Comrades P. K., Appalasuri and
in meetings and discussions and found that he possesses in
Choudhuri Tejeswar Bao. People already know about the
full measure the virtue of modesty, so characteristic of our
former two comrades. A~dhra comrades. This modesty is however, combined
Portraits of Comrades: Born in a middle pea.sant
w.lth ~rmness which is evident from the way he carries
family Comrade C. Tejeswar Rao is a tall and strongly built
hls pomt. He is equally firm when he implements it.
young man of 31. His .simple looks will hardly tell you
e ,fought Nagi Reddy from the very beginning. When
that he is today',the most popular leader in the whole of
Andbra.. There is a reward on his head, and the Congress
• agl Reddy entered the All India Co-ordination Committee
'I he Srikakulam District Committee; wa.cned the Co-ordi~
government of Andhra is trying hard to get him.. Comrade
ation Co.mmittee about him in a resolution pointing out
Tejeswa.r Rao is an ideal professional revol~tlOna.ry who
f ha.t Na~l. R~ddy had entered into our ranks as an agent of
has sacrificed all his possessions. I had earher travelled
t he 'revlslODlstS. It was'an expression of revolutionary
with him in various parts of Andhra for more tha.n a month
~me.ss a.nd Comrade Tejeswar Rao played the main role
'1 and found him to possess an uncommon mental composure.
111thIS.
Let; me recall an incident. It WBS July and we had just

LIBERA~ION
40
Comrade Sampurna, the worthy wife of Comrade
Tejeswar Bo,o and mother of three children, is famous all
over Andhra.. Aged about 26, she has left her home and
children to join the central guerrilla squad of the Agency
area as a. professio~al revolutionary. Last June she was
suddenly caught by the police who subjected her to brutal
torture in order to know the whereabouts of her husband.
Later she was taken to the district celltral jail where high-
ranki~g police officers told her, "You will be shot."
The intelligence officers however, pretended to be
reasonable with her and said, "You have your children,
your parents and your husband's parents. Why then
should you get yourself involved in all this trouble r
Wouldn't it be better for you to recant your mistake and
I return to your home and also to persuade your husband to
give up ail this and return to the path of sanity r"
Neither the threats nor the 'reasonableness' were however
able to frighten or move the heroic Comrade Sampurna.
She firmly replied, "I did not seek this trouble, far from it.
But I found that the solution of the problem of starvation
and that of bringing up my children are inseparably
connected with the solution of the problem facing the
peasantry. And the way to solve this problem has been
pointed out by the Thought of Chairman Mao. So I have
taken this path illumined by Mao Tsetung Thought,
in order to make not only my own children but also those
of millions of the poor toiling people happy." The Hindu,
a. well-known bourgeois daily of Madras reported the
spirited reply of this heroic mother under a two-column
-qeading.
It seems there is no end to such comrades. For example
there is the wife of Comrade Appalasuri who is about the
same age as Comrade Sampurna. Mother of two children,
she is an agricultural labourer. The police makes frequent
raids on her house and threatens her in various ways.
"The trouble is that I cannot leave my home because
SRIKAKULAM GUERRILLA STRUGGLE
41
of my younger son. He will not live with others." I
gathered from the comrades that she works as a day
labourer to maintain herself and her two children. She
had not had the opportunity to read or write, but that has
not prevented her from keeping herself posted on the news
of all the revolutionary struggles of the people in Viet Nam
and elsewhere. Her knowledge of the current struggle
in Srikakulam is thorough. One does not hear her grumble
about anything. She wouldn't allow us to do a thing.
She washed the soiled clothes of the comrades, brought
water for our bath and cooked meals for us. All this she
did happily. I could' not help recall 8. totally different
experience I had in Bengal. A petty bourgeois revolu-
tionary comrade was back home after a long time. The
moment he entered his home his wife bitterly complained
about the sufferings and wants she had to undergo during
his absence. Aggrieved, the comrade said. "The Party
should be particular in sending money regularly. How
else can my family carryon f'
These women comrades of Andhra are our teachers ,
.and gurus. They are translating into action the immortal
teaching of Chairman Mao: "Bitter sacrifice~strengthens bold
i'esolve which.dares to. make sun:and moon shine in new skies."
It is this teaching that the entire Chinese' people are acting
upon every day and every hour.
There are other revolutionary heroines such as Chan-
dramma, Jayamma,'Ramanamma and Askamma. Strongly
built with a sharp nose and beautiful jet-black eyes these
poor peasant women are typical Dravidian beauties. All
of them have sacrificed everything to join the guerrilla
units, and are working alongside other revolutionary
comrades to build a new' land for the ~Telegu people and
a new India..
Fight Against Revisionism-/\. Process: These heroes and
heroines did not fall from the skies but emerged through a
{loncrete revolutionary process, namely, ,the struggle

LIBBRATION-
42
a.gainst revisionism. Scientific materialists do not consider
this struggle against revisionism in the abstract. In fact
it is not possible to do so. When we say in our Political
Resolution, "_.the people of India have seen the rank
opportunism of all the bourgeois and revisionist parties
Ilondtheir total political bankruptcy. They have lost faith
in all the bourgeois and revisionist parties and are
convinced of the utter futility of the parliamentary path.'"
we are speaking of a given stage in the struggle against
revisionism. While we refer to the qualitative aspect we
are fully aware that for every qualitative aspect there is
a. corresponding quantitative aspect. Chairman Mao has
pointed out, "we must attend to the quantitative aspect of a
situation or problem and make a basic quantitative analysis.
Every quality manifests itself in a certain quantity, and without
quantity tllere can be no quality." That is why, even as the.
Political Resolution speaks of the victory achieved in the
a.nti_revisionist struggle, our respected leader Comrade
Cha.ru Mazumdar has said: "It has. therefore, become the
urgent task today to fight against the dear and concrete
manifestations of revisionism." Here Comrade Mazumdar
is speaking of the quantitative aspect of a new stage in
the struggle against revisionism, a stage which has been
reached after victory was achieved, that is, a qualitative
change was effected in the previous stage of the struggle.
But hard-headed dogmatists are unable to grasp this main
thing in dialectical materialism. Putting on the blinkeril
of their bookish knowledge' they consider everything as
s.bsolute a.nd pointing out to that part of our Political
Resolution which I have quoted above, whimper and
whine: "Now see what you have done! You have made a
mess of it! You have given up the struggle against
f
revisionism!" All their pretnce of injured innocence
t
however, cannot a.Her the fact that they themselves are
committing idealist deviation.
In Indian situation, the first stage of the struggle·
SRI.l:AKULAH GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 43
against revisionism consisted in laying the foundation for
the peasants' armed struggle for the seizure of political
power on the basis of the correct application of Mao
Tsetung Thought on the soil of India. This task was
accomplished in Naxalbari under the correct leadership.
of ~u.r respected leader Comrade Charu Mazumdar. This
polItICal struggle was the process which led to the develop-
ment of armed struggle in Srikakulam in Andhra.
A M0n:'entous Lesson:' The revolutionary activities
m the plams of Srikakulam began to develop along
the road pointed out by Mao Tsetung Thought from
ear~y 1969. In Febru.ary took place a historic guerrilla
~n that opened up a new vista for the revolutionary
Sorm.edstruggle not merely of Andhra but of the whole of
India, and went beyond the point at which the Naxalbari
\ struggl~ had stopped. And not only in respect of the
revolutIOnary armed struggle, this historic guerrilla action
also clearly showed that the Co-ordination Committee was
no. more, able to serve the needs of the situation, and
concret~ly p~sed the necessity of building the Party.
Until thiS guerrilla action took place, the Communist
~evolu~ion~ries. all over India had been carrying on
mvestIgatlons m order to work out a concrete form of the
method to arouse on a broad scale the peasant masses and
the whole people. Comrade Charu Mazumdar repeatedly
wanted to draw the attention of all to this ever since the
Nax~lbari struggle started. In his talk in February 1967.
Chalrma~ Mao pointed out: "In the past we waged
struggles JD rural areas, in factories, in the cultural field and
• d out the socialist education movement. But' all
we carrIe
tbis failed to solve the problem because we did not find a form,
a method, to arouse the broad masses to expose our dark
aspect openly, in an alI.round way and from below." In his
rep~rt to the Ninth National Congress of the great.
glor~ous an~ cor:ect Communist Party of China, Vice-
Chairman Lm Plao referred to this and said: "Now we
 SRIKAKULAM GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 45
LIBERATION

44 decisive role, while the rest occupy a secondary and subordi-

have found this form-it is the Great Proletarian Cultural
Revolution." Everyone of us now realises how urgently
we needed this lesson of the Great Proletarian Cultural
Revolution personally initiated and led by Chairman Mao.
~ We too had been searching for a suitable form, a. method,
,1 to
arouse and inspire the broad masses.
" The all important incident that happened in Srikakulam
in February was a guerrilla attack on the house of the
t
landlord of Bathapuram. The result was nothing re-
markable. Only 10 people took part in the action and the
mo n
dass enemy could not be annihilated. But with uncom .
foresight Comrade Charu Mazumdar pointed out: "ThIs" \
should be our only method to arouse t~e .peasa~~ma~ses ..
\ \ S~uP the experien~ of Naxalba~1 and. ralSlllg It to a.
I higher stage and analysing the form III whl~h the famo~s
thesis of Comrade Lin Piao's, namely, "Guernlla warfare IS
the only way to mobilize and apply the whole strength of the
people against the enemy," could be applied in the con~rete
onditions of India, Comrade Charu Mazumdar pOlllted
g
out: "Start an annihilation compaign by .applyin "the
.guerrilla method against the landlords and their agents.
~ It was like adding water to boiling oil. Some learned
book-worms in the Party -wailed, "it would be a fatal
mistake to generalize on the basis of a single incident."
But to their great dismay the Party was formed ~n ~he
basis of this generalization. It was this, gene~a~lzatlOn
that served also as the basis of our Party s p~htlCal and
. t' 1 Resolutl'ons So tbese pundlts started
O rganiza lOna .,
waving "red flag" to oppose the red flag and whined tbat
our Party's line is allegedly "anti-Mao ~nd pro-Che
Guevara". Owing to their b~ish, do~atlst an~ ~e.-
sided way of thinking they failed to, understand the dlalectl-
i ~ c"af materialist analysis of the events made by Comrade
t Charu Mazumdar. Chairman Mao has pointed out: "If in
· t' one of them
any process there are a number of contra dICIOns, . The Andhra government fondly hoped to frighten the-
must be the principal contradiction playing the leadIng and
nate position •... Once this principal contradiction is grasped,
alI problems can be readily solved." Cbairman Mao bas
also pointed out: "In any given place, there cannot be a
number of central tasks at the same time. At anyone time
there can be only one central task."
The history of the international communist movement
shows how everyone of the great Marxist teachers- from
Marx to Chairman Mao-has generalized the experience
of a single contemporary event in his life into a universal
truth. The Paris Commune in Marx's life, the "Blood
" 'd Y
Sun.d a; . IllCl ent of Father Gapon (January 9, 1905) in
Lenlll s hfe and the Hunan peasant movement in Chairman
Mao's life are such instances. None of these great teachers
cared to seek approval of the generalizations they made,
from books. These great teachers did not exclaim as our
pundits with pencils stuck behind their ears and blinkers
~n, do : "Wel~: we do.n't find such things [generalizations]
III the books! Chalrman Mao has said about men like
our celebrated pundits: "There are many people who "the.
moment they alight from the official carriage" make a hulla-
baloo, spout opinions, criticize this and condemn that· but
in fact, ten out of ten of them will meet with failure. Fo; suc~
;iews . an~ criticisms, which are not based on thorough:
JDvestJgatlOn are nothing but ignorant twaddle. Countless.
times our Party suffered at the hands of th~se "imperial
envoys."
!he .Bathapuram incident was followed by guerrilla
act~ons. III Padampur, Buribanka, Akupalli and the guerrilla
actwn III Garudabhadra which took place in broad daylight.
Mass participation increased and the link with the masses·
grew str.onger with every guerrilla action, The guerrillas
~re movlDg about among the masses in the plains like fish
lD water and brutal police repression is proving powerless
to prevent the arousing of the masses.
 LIBERATIO:N SRJKAKULAll GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 4"1
46
Many people 'went, to his bouse every da y fl'or pa m-readmg
revolutiona.ries and boost ~p the morale of the feudal class
.an d for recelvmg water sanctifi ed b y mantras for healing
by murdering Oomrade Krishnamurthy and six other
purpose.
, f They suffered
' in silen ce h'IS extortlO~ate
, usurious
e.omrades, But the infallible weapon of "guerrilla method"
practIce ,or fear of mcurring th e anger of the god Th
frustrated all the plans of the enemy, and the table was
usurer trIed to frighten the villa rs b ' .s. e
turned. Having received hard blows from the re'lolu- migbty before them H b tged y actmg hIgh !ond
. e oas e . "I h II
tionary masses the feudal ,class began to sing a different Naxalites a lesson or two and m 'left sa, teach the
tune and said: "It was wrong for tbe police to have Y
enough to deal with them" H' h hand IS more than
murdered them -like this, What good did it do us? , IS Ouse was 'd' b
guerrilla
IT squad in which th' t y une comrades ralt ed k y a
-:Noweven our lives are at stake," After the notorious class
T be front gate could not b e b ro k en even by 00 , part.
enemy was annihilated in Garudabbadra in broad daylight so the comrades J'umped over th e wall . th busmg axe,
his wife and son refused to take the help of police and did 'house and overcame th " III e ack of the
not institute any case. They are reported to have said: e enemy s resIstance Th I
enemy was annihilated , and the guern 'IIa squad' e dc assI
"We will do wbatever tbe communists ask us to do, Our the doors, came out and ' opene a I
-danger will not be less but win be-greater if we seek police bad I" "L r h raIsed slogans: "InquiJab zinda-
. ong Ive t e Communist Part f I d'
help, We fear the communists more tban tbe police." Leninist) I" "L r yon 180 (Marxist-
How could such a situation be brought about T The was midni'ght b:~~h~v~:he ar;ed agrarj~n revolution I" It j

method of guerrilla warfare did it, This _is where" the

--athousand people gather:;n:e:::h~heh:~~:ger~ until about
Naxa~ struggle had~tuck as me;t;;"ned in Comrad-;
has been annihilated b" . The usurer
Kanu Sanyals' "Report On The Peasant Movement In y us, our comrade I'
the assembled villagers "the d f' s were te hng
The Ter3:'i"'Region." Cbairman Mao bas pointed out: medicine and cloth shop' oors 0 hIS grocery and his
-6'Atcertain times in the revolutionary struggle, the difficulties , s are open before you W ' ,
you to take away all the thin f ,e mVlte
o~tweigh the favourable conditions and so constitute the people did not move Th gs rom t~e shops," But the
principal aspect of the contradiction and the favourable . en some vlllag
comrade_ ~,ndexplained' "Th' , ers came to our
conditions constitute the secondary aspect. But through Th . ere IS a pohce cam b
ey are sure to corne and forcibl ta p nea~ y.
their efforts the revolutionaries can overcome tbe diftculties from us. So it would be b tt 'f y ke away those thmgs
'step by step and open up a favourable new situation; thus a selves," Meanwhile Ide er I JOU take those things your-
difficult situation yields place to a favourable one." ano man whowa t d'
,crowd came forward d t 'd's s an mg among the
By concrete application of Mao Tsetung Tbought and an rIe to hft a b' k '
too heavy for him "I'd th Ig sac whIch was
by correctly singling out tbe principal aspect at tbe given r
the police than le~ all th ra teh,accept death at the hands of
time ana solving it, the Communist revolutionaries of India 'Th' ese mgs go abeg' "h
IS put an end to all h 't t' gmg, e said.
fhave been able to get over the _wea~ess of tbe Naxalbari 'and the three h eSI a IOn and the villagers rushed in
f
"W sops were emptied in a few .
s ru g e. ell, this is not e'nough" th mmutes.
t - A Guerrilla Action: I heard about a guerrilla action. oat the class enemy's dead' bod eY"remarked as they looked
The class enemy in this caSe was a notOl:ious usurer. He :and hang it from the tree" ;' d Let us, s~vere his head
'had a. small temple built in his house and people were Minister of Andh . n tbey dId It. The Home
made to believe that he was an emissary of the gods. ra government subsequently recounted
 LIBERATION
SRIKAKULAM GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 49
48
the call of revolution he joined Com d' "
this story in the floor of the Assembly and the hearts of January 1969. Father of f h~la e Knshnamurthy in
our c 1dren th f h
the reactionaries missed quite a few beats. The class ~as born the day before he left his hom' e, ourt one
enemies were gripped with panic and there began a regular mform his wife of his im d" e, he dId not even
, pen lDg departure W'th
exodus to the towns. The story goes that a landlord who devotIOn he has accepted th e l'f 1 e of a prof . . 11 utter
went to town in connection with some case in law court tionary He' eSSIOna revolu-
. IS very popular with th
was staying at a hotel in Srikaku1am. "Look. they have ga1'u [respected doctor] h' e, comrades. Doctor
as e IS UD! 11 k
come to kill me!" he shouted all through the night, very modest and always eager to Iearn th~ersa lDgS y nown, is
"they are cutting my throat!" His shouts kept the other Once More About Comrades' Th .
inmates of the hotel awake the whole night. around here who ar k' b ere are many comrades'
, e remar a ly cha '
The "University": The peasant comrades call the for instance , the twenty seven year old rmmg, d There
. is,
Vishakhapatnam Ceutral Jail their "unlversity." Whoever excellent Hindi and work d' . co~ra e who speaks
"T k e In a Jute mill near CIt'
goes in is sure to come out with enhanced political
. a e my case ' for exam:p 1e, "h e was saymg ' "I h db a cu ••a
consciousness. "We do not have any respite in the jail. m the Communist P ar t y f'or gUIte a I t' ,a een.
There is political discussion at all times of the day." not become a whole-tO b ong Ime but could
Imar ecause I .
However, there is another side of the thing. Take for my wife and ch'ld was worned about
I ren In dem t t'
instance, the case of the educated petty bourgeois leading the Party we d' ons ra IOns organized by
, use to shout sloga l'k'
'comrade' who went to jail, hardly ser:ved for one month Increase', People retorted t th' n~ 1 e Stop price
then came out and falsely informed the underground shouting will raise th ,~ I~, saYIng, 'It seems your
, e pnces stIll high ' W
comrades "I have escaped from the jail and want to meet and tIme we had t . ". er, hat energy
o spend m gett' th '
you." Accompanied with police agents he was waiting to assembled and join d mg e VIllage folk
our emonstrations t f
'receive' the underground comraaes. But "thanks to the votes. But now th' ,mean or catching
prudence of the peasant comrades major losses could be home. What is mo~:gs al~r:h dIfferent. I have left my
avoided. The police was able to discover only a few places leaving theirs too Th' Ose ,'whom I approach are
' ,e road pomted 0 t b .
of contact and one unexposed sympathiser was arrested, M 800ThIS bringing about h' u Y ChaIrman
th . a c ange m people's mind"
"The peasant comrades are subjected to inhuman torture," en ere IS the ou '
Ithe comrades pointed out, "but none of them gave out Rao, Aged tw t y ~g poor peasant Comrade Appa
en y one he IS sw'ft d
anything." Many peasant comrades have told the police: struggle and in g 'II ,Ian most courageous in
uern a actIOn And h
"Well we know but won't tell you. Why should we T We equally energetic l'n k' , . ow modest, He is
coo mg In d '
are not fighting for ourselves, we all are fighting for the and in procuring . f ' ,omg sentry duty at night
nce rom diSt t 'II
genuine love for m '1 an VI ages. He~ has a
people." USlC a so
"You see, the weakness that some petty bourgeois Comrade Ganapath "
comrades show is really shameful," Comrade Bhaskar Rao There are st' bY IS •a popular leader of this area
i ones a out hi I ,. •
told me, "I am also a petty bourgeois element and this fact peasants t 11h' " ' m a so. Ganapathy" th
t
e 1m, even If th ' e
worries me lest I should ever act like them." Twenty you. People say I d' G ~y get you they cannot shoot
n Ira andhl h '
eight year old Comrade Rao is an eye_specialist and was you and take y t h " as given orders not to kill
ou 0 er alive' sh
practising in the far away Guntur district. Responding to L-Nov. 4 ' e wants to have a look
 ·LlBERATIO:N

50
. h d to be the
, .' the revolutlOn e use t
at you." Before lOlmn~. ' be it the anchal panchaya
resident of every orgamzatlOn-t' "At first", Comrade
Building Up The Proletarian Party
P h opera lve. . k
or the school or t e co- ht that people would not spes. And Agrarian Revolution
Ganapathy said, "I 'ht~lOUtgd the landlords. I was afraid
well of us 1 'f w e annl 1 a e

that this would isolate us rom

f the masses, N oW I under-
'd ntship had blunted my
-Satyanarain
.Singh
. 1 pell of 'presl e . d"
stand that the ong s . h manism filled my mlU . IN THE previous article, we had dealt with ·the

f
. class hatred and bourgeOIs. u vercome this weakness. vaishnavite" arguments of the neo-critics (the familiar
thy has smce 0 1 intellectual giants) against "annihilate the class enemy"
Comrade Ganapa , the-hearts of the c ass
noW strikes terror m
His very nB-me ampaign launched by us. We had seen how annihila-
' t the tion of the class enemy was absolutely necessary~if feudal
enemies. . went to see the sea. Loo k mg a. ,
Before returnmg I b red Chairman Mao s ~ lD the village was to be smashed and peasant's
at swept the coast I remem e authority was to be built up. We had also seen that a
waves th '" e"
words: "advance wave upon wav · Id advance. .The waves revolutionary base area could not be developed while
. . how we sh au
No doubt this IS ther one wave is over- landlords and peasants peacefully coexisted following the
't for one ano, .
of the sea do not wal. 'h Chairman Mao directs us Christian precept "love thy neighbour". The central
taken by ano th er. This IS OW 1 I remembere d th e question of the agrarian revolution, like\ all other revolu-
h revolutionary· strugg e. . ions is the question of state power. And, the agrarian
to advance. t e , Capture of Nanhng : .
1ines of Chairman Mao s poem . evolution solves this question bit by bit and step by
'.Were Nature sentimental, she too, tep.Being a long-drawn revolution, it concretely solves
Would pass from youth to age the question of seizure of power in ouf' or more villages,
But in men's world seas " hen in one or more areas, then in one or more zones a-;a
Change into mulberry fields. ultimately throughout the c·ountry. The question of annihi-
--- lation of the class enemy must be understood in relation
to the smashing of the feudal' authority and building up of
peasant authority in the village. Anyone who tries to
study this question in isolation from the question of seizure
.of state power in an agrarian revolution is either· a pacifist
idiot or an evil genius.
~ But these "pious" people who cry in horror at the
"individual murders" committed by the guerrillas cannot
i be prevented from practising their religion in the purest
t form. This time they are angry at us because we are
building "s. petty-bourgeois party" and not a working
~la.s8pa.rty.
 LIBERATION
52
In a real "Sanatani" spirit they are accusing us of a
peasant deviatio~ They ask us, "Ha.-veyou not given a.
call to mJl.kethe party a rural-based one r" They throw
their hands in frenzy ( of course artificial) and shout, "how
can a proletarian party be built if we were to be rural-
based r"
We can only laugh in our sleeves over the extraordinary
concern that these pious. men are showing towards the
working class and also with regard to the building up of a
proletarian party. The mischief~hidden tin their religiousity
is at. once exposed if we closely study their entire line
in this respect.
In their opinion, our Party is still a petty bourgeois
party as there is no preponder~nce of the working class
in its composition. It is not a working class party as its
leadership comes from the petty bourgeoisie. In their
opinion, we must first of all build up such a proletarian
party if we want to le!1d the agrarian revolution. Merely
sending up of the petty bourgeois cadre in the village is
useless. The advanced elements of the proletariat aloDe
could lead the agrarian revolution. Hence, they point out
that we must aig deep into the working class, launch
economic and partial struggles, build up a powerful trade
union movement and through it politicalise the working
class and then recruit the advanced elements into the party
( till the majority of the party and its leadership have
working class origin) and then send them to the rural
areas to lead the revolution.
Now, let us see what miracles have been created by the
line of our pious sanatanists. If we faithfully pursue the
path shown by th';se pundits, than wa must immediately
withdraw the petty bomge~s cadres from the rural areas,
j
then we sh9uld dig deep into the working class and build
t
our Party ',in the main from amidst the working class-
the building to continue till Comrade Charu, Kanoo.
Sushital and the rest are replaced by leaders of working
BUILDING THE PARTY 53
class o~igin and then of course We can go to build up a
revolutIOnary base area in the cou n t rYS1 'd e. H ere we
ha:e a neat scheme for building a revolutionary prole-
tarIan Party. capable of leading the agrarian revolution'
Anyone with a little common sense can understand wha~
are .the real . intentions of our pundits and p'lOUS men .
./' Thell
n realmtention
. is to abandon the rural areas ' .ab an d on
t e guerrIlla struggles that are breaking' feudal fetters in
7 States. They want us to concentrate in the towns they
../ want us ~o ~lunge deep into the morass of economis~ and
trade UDlODlsm. In name'of building a proletarian party
these gentlemen wa~t to drag us back to the revisionis~
road of class collabora tion.
.. They may protest that I am distorting their position
An Asit Sen might shout "Have I not talked of buildin~
the rural base .areas and conducting armed struggles 1"
Yes Mr Sen, you have talked of building rural. base are~s
and of. armed struggle too. But what's good of talking
about 1t r H~ve you not disapproved of sending of the
petty bourgeOis cadres in the rural areas? Ha
s .d th t' - . ve you not
301 a o.urs 1Sa petty bourgeoisie party and not a working
class p~rty r Have you not said that the party of the
proletarIat must be built up from amidst the work'
class?
. .' H ave you not protested at the petty bourgeois mg
ongm of our leadership r Have you not said that working
class can be m a d e consclOUS
ec' . 0f' 1tSleadmg
. role through
~nomlC and partial struggles and through the trade
umon movemen t ?
.Does it not m~an that if we are to build up a prole-
t arIan Party of yo ur concep t"lOn, we must shift the centre
of'
't grav1ty from the rural areas to the urban areas? Does
1i not
th mean th a t you, MS' .
r en, want to build up revolution
.n e ~ural areas .and build up the party in the urban
m d ustnal
We area s. ? You are Just
" trymg to sit on two stools..
. must say that they have not at all understood the
questiOn of bUl'ld'mg a revo Iutionary proletarian party
64 LIBERA'II.oN
in course of agrarian revolution in a semi-colonial, semi.
feu dal country.
We must say that they have not at all assimilated or
even understood Mao Tsetung Thought· and the
experience of the great and correct Chinese Communist
Party on the question of Party building. .
We must say that their concept of a proletarian party is
vulgarisation of Marxism-Leninism, pure and simple.
It is a metaphysical and mechanistic approach and not a
dialectical materialist approach.
What is then our conception of a revolutionary prole-
tarian party and how are we building it up in Indian
conditions ?
The first thing that must be made clear at the very
outset is that the question of Party building must be
concretely linked up with the nature of socio-economic
conditions of a country. In highly developed capitali~t
countries, the majority of Party members and. the
leadership can and should come from the industrial
proletariat, but in a semi-colonial, semi-feudal country-
like India, Burma, Ceylon, Thailand, even Vietnam, it is
simply not possible. If we follow the concep~ of our
"pious men", then the CPC was' not a proletarian party, nor
it is now. Marx, Lenin and Mao Tsetung should have
been replaced by leaders hailing from working class and as
it was not done the parties to which they belonged were
neither revolutionary nor proletarian. This is the height
()f absurdity to which the arguments and "theories" of our
Sanatanists lead us.
We would like to know from these"pious men"if Nagas,
Mizos and Mundas could have a Communist Party now or
should wait till the industrial proletariat.is born there r
We maintain, ·'the building up of a proletarian party is
first and foremost its ideological and political building."
It means that those who adopt the world outlook of the
proletariat, who adopt the standpoint of the proletariat
BUILDING THE PARTY
55
in relation to revolutionary tranformation of the society, who
a.dopt proletarian internationalism and who adopt a revolu.
tionary style of work are proletarian revolutionaries.
Thought of Mao Tsetung is the ideology of the proletariat.
Party built on Thought of Mao is the proletarian party.
today. Only vulgarisers of Marxism, only those who reduce
the question of building up the proletarian party to the
physical aspect can think otherwise. It is adoption of
I Marxism.Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought that disting-
uishes a proletarian party from the petty burgeois party.
It must also be clearlylunderstood.once for all that in
a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, the Party
members from the industrial. proletariat cannot constitute
the. m.ajo~ity of the Party. They will remain a minority.
ThIS IS so because the Party is mainly built in the rural
areas, It is built there in course of developing the
revolutionary base area. in the countryside. Towns
re'main and are the base areas of reactionary forces and
they have been so since centuries.
.; .Hence, the main force of the Party,' i.e., the major part
of ItS membership has to come from the landless and poor
peasantry, Building the Party. in course of sustained work
developing base areas in the countryside determines this
sort of composition of the' Party.
In the cities and industrial centres the Party is
to be built up chiefly from the' working class and
the revolutionary intelligentsia. The Party would be
built up with those advanced elements of the working
class who' vigorously fight economism and keep Mao
:r~etun~ Thought and politics of agrarian revolution
10 command, who work tirelessly to bring forth the inter-
vention of the working class in st~uggles of other revolution-
a.ry classes, chiefly the peasantry, who strive to organise
working class actions on political issues both national
and international and who fight all types of chauvinism
&lld hold aloft the banner of proletarian internationalism.
 56
LIBERATION
The Party is to be built up from the revolutionary
intelligentsia who dedicate themselves to the cause of the
agrarian revolution, who strive for integration with tbe
basic masses"i.e., the working class and the poor peasantry.
Of course, it must be clearly understood that throughout
the present stage .of our revolution the members~fro~
the working class and the petty bourgeois inte~ligent.sla
are bound to remain a minority. This is the compulslOn
of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and it cannot
be wished a,way even by the "Sanatanist intellectuals". . The petty bourgeois cadres too in large numbers are
Again let us remind the Parimals and Asits that their
proposition to build the PartY in the towns. and .make
revolution in the villages means that Party IS bUllt up
, in isolation from the revolutionary peasant struggle and the
revolutionary base areas are built up in isolation from the
Party. Let them understand once for all that their line will
neither give us a r~volutionary proletarian party nor ,a
revolutionary l;>asearea. Their entire line with reg.ard. to
building up a proletarian party is mechanistic vulgansatlOn
-it is a serious departure from Marxism-Leninism-Mao
Tsetung Thought on the question. ~f, Party b~il~i~g ~nd
its relation with revolutionary actIvItIes. TheIr flme IS a
poisonous weed and it must he liquidated root and bra.nch.
We would also like to point out that the revolutlOnary
prol~tarian party is being built up in cours~ of:con.duct~ng
4' armed guerrilla struggle in 7 States of India. It ISbemg
built up in Srikakulam,. in Mushahari, in Lakhimpur
kheri, in the Punjab, in Tamilnad and Orissa. T~e
landless and poor peasants are equippmg themselves With
Mao Tsetung Thought and are concretely applying it in
Indian conditions. They are getting proletarianised in
bloody class battles with the landlords and their state.
They are being steeled and tempered in the fire of revolu-
tionary struggles. They are acquiring the world outlo.ok
of the proletariat and the standpoint of the pruletanat
at the cost of their blood.
BUILDING THE PARTY 57
The advanced elements of the industrial working class,
the best sons and daughters of the proletariat also integrate
themselves with the peasant masses and work hand in
hand with the peasant cadres to develop the armed guerrilla
struggle and the revolutionary base area. The working
class cadres too get proletarianised fuDy only when they
carry out in practice revolutionary armed struggle. As a
matter of fact, the advanced elements of the Jamshedpur
working class has already taken to this path.
taking to the rural areas and integrating themselves with
the peasant masses and carrying forward the agrarian
revolution. It is in this way that the ultimate aim of the
proletariat to usher in a Communist society is combined
with his immediate objective of completing the democratic
revoluti.on the main content of which is agrarian revolution.
Only in applying the thoughts of our Chairman to the
concrete practice of agrarian revolution the Party will be
proletariani!led.
Therefore, firstly the question of building up a
J revolutionary proletarian party should be concretely
linked up with the semi-colonial semi-feudal character
of our society and not in an abstract manner.
Secondly, the question of the building up of a revolu-
tionary proletarian party must be linked up with
agrarian revolution and not in an abstract manner.
Thirdly, the question of the building up of a revolu-
tionary proletarian party must be linked up with building
up of revolutionary base areas in the countryside and
conducting armed guerrilla struggle and not in an abstract
manner.
. The Sanatanist pundits are exactly guilty of studying
thIS question in an abstract manner, and that is why they
develop a mechanistic approach. It is therefore, not
surprising that they want to remain in towns for building
up a working class party and want to g~ to the rural areas
 LIBImATION

for carrying out agrarian revolution. This is how they

have placed themselves within the horns of a dilemma.
As far as we are concerned we again !eiterate our con-
Incfian Peasant Armed Struggle
ception of a revolutionary proletarian party which is a.s Rages Like a Prairie Fire
follows:
"This is the Party of the proletariat and represents T Hl~ reactionary Indian Government and feudal landlords
the true aspirations and policies of the revolutionary ruthlessly exploit and 'oppress the peasants and grab their
class. land by force. Ma~e homeless and living in utter misery.
"'This Party gives first preference to ideological a:nd
the pe~sant mass:s In many parts ·of India are taking up
political building rather than ~rganisational structure.
arms In. a heroIC revolt against thc criminal rule of the
"This Party takes up as its first task to train revolu-
la~dlord class and the reactionary Indian Government.
tionary C!lodresthrough revolutionary activity.
LIke a .prairie fire, the peasant armed 'struggle is rapidly
"This Party is the Party of armed struggle, a rural-
developIng.
based Party and gives first preference to the work of
building base areas in the countryside rather than work in Ruthless Exploitation and Oppressioll
J the cities and towns at the present stage of the revolution. By Landlord Class
"This Party gives first preference to the work of
. In the Champaran District of northern Bihar, thousands
preparing the working class to enable it to play the
of peasants reclaimed nearly 10,000 acres of farmland from
leading role in our revolution rather than economic and
ltn area .overgrown with thickets after more than ten years.
cultural work in the cities and towns.
of hard work. Bnt early in 1968, acting on orders of the
"This Party gives first preference to the work of
lllo~dlords, reactionary government officials and police
. organizing leading teams of the Party rather than enlisting
e'YIctedthe peasants from it.
\ Party members on a mass scale. '
In the Thana District of Maharashtra State, 10,000
"This Party gives first preference to the qualities of
peasants carved 20,000 acres of land out of the forests by
the Party members rather than their number. '
"This Party is established on the basis of democratic the sweat of their brow. The reactionary Indian Govern-
ment recently issued orders to seize this land. The peaeants
centralism, and gives first preference to the work of
ensuring democracy under centralized guidance rather were threatened with confiscation of their ploughs, bullocks
a.nd all other assets together with their land if they refused
than formal discipline.
to comply with the orders.
"This Party will develop mass line and will be the first
In many places in Uttar Pradesh, government officials
in making c~iticism and self-criticism."
We are determined to advance along thie path-now feudal lords and big capitalists unjustifiably took possessio~
~ thousands of acres o~ fertile land, while the peasants
a,nd in the future also.
ba,ere.not allowed to cultIvate land lying fallow. With the
CklD.gof the reactionary government, big landlords in
BahraICh District forcibly occupied 25,000 acres of land.
60 LIBERATION
With the help of the reactionary Indian Government,
landlords and usurers in Srikakulam District, Andhra ~t~te.
seized large tracts of land on the plains from the GlrlJ:n
people. Many Girijans were forced to move to t e.
mountainous areas to miloe k alVInI·· g . Even there they
could not escape oppression and exp I01't a rlOn b y the
reactionary officials in charge of th,e forests, by the t~x
collectors and usurers. Debt reduced many of them 0
slaves of,landlords and local bullies.
In the Darjelling District, the fertile land .of m~ny
plantations had been hacked out of jungles on mountaInS
infested with wild beasts by industrious peasants aft~r
years of back-breaking labour. But this product of theIr
sweat and blood was grabbed bit by bit by the landlords and
plantation owners. The real masters of the land thus
became hired labourers who are brutally exploited by the
plantation owners. Like medieval slave overse~rs, theI
plantation owners lash, rage ' at an d d'lsmlS . s the agrlCultura
d' d
workers as they please. .Many of these workers have Ie
of "tarvation and sickness.
~The great leader· Chairman '. Mao pOInt e d ou.t . "The
..
ruthless economic explOItatIOn an d po l't'cal
II oppression of the
peasants by the landlord class forced th~m into numerous
uprisings against its rule." Indian peasants In more an~ more
Places rising in armed re beII'IOn an d using revolutlOnary
, against the tyrannical rule 0 f th e f eu dal land-
violence
lords, are today embarked on the road of armed struggle.
Guns for Revolution Create Red Power
A phenomenal expansion of the:red area of revolutio~'ary
armed struggle is taking place in Srikakulam ~nd vanous
other districts of Andhra, according to a report l.n tb~ ~uly
issue of the Indian monthly Liberation. DespIte ~lClOUS
enemy suppreSSlOn, , campaigns more than 300 VIllages
1 d
ha ve b een turne d 1'nto red areas. Panic-stricken land or s
have fled for their lives, it adds.
·INDIAN PEASA.NT ARMED STRUGGLE
61
The report says: 'Here no machinery of the reactionary
government operates. Here no forest or revenue official
of the reactionary government, DO panchayet samiti man,
can enter. The guerrillas and members of village sel£-
defence squads try t.heir best to protect the villages from
police marauders. The administration is run, production
is looked after, and disputes are settled by the ryotanga
sangrama samithi, the revolutionary mass organization of
the peasants." It goes on to say that this organization
has more than 8,000 members in the sP6cial area alone;
Here the "yotanga sangrama samithi-the new POwer
structure-is carrying on investigations of the land whose
owners have escaped or have been wiped out by the
guerrillas and investigations of the land handed over by
the landlords. The samithi is expected Soon to distribute
all this land among the poor and landless peasants.
Here, in every village, justice is meted out to the
enemies of the people by the people's court.
In every corner of Srikak ulam and other parts of
Andhra, the report says, the people wrote· to the landlords
in the name of the ryotanga sangrama samithi or the
Communist Party to denounce them as despotic landlords
and warn them that they will be executed and their property
-confiscated .. The landlords in some areas have fled, while
in other areas they dare not spend the night at home.
Peasant Guerrillas Set Off Struggle to
Wipe Out Enemy Agents and Local Despots
The flames or armed struggle have sprea'd to some areas
in Bihar and Punjab States. Relying on the masses, the
peasant guerrillas in Bihar have been active in unleashing
a struggle to wipe out enemy agents and despots, and this
has greatly heightened the revolutionary fighting will of
the broad masses of the peasantry. .
On July 5 peasant guerrillas in the Muzaffarpur District
launched a successful attack on a big despotic landlord
 LIBE"BATION

62
who was bitterly hated by the peasants for his ruthless
persecution and sending armed police to rob them of much
Hail Rising Revolutionary Storm
of their property. In co_ordination with the local masses, of t~e Indian Peasants
the guerrillas punished this despot and confiscated all his
by Shao Yung-hung
property, thus revenging their class brothers.
On June 13, peasant guerrillas in Bihar State attacked Shaoshan District Revolutiona1'Y Committee
the estate of another despotic landlord, killing this reac- , Hunan Province
tionary landlord who had barbarously oppresed the peasants
and a.ttempted to stamp out the peasants' revolutionary LED by the Indian Communist '
-()ppressed peasant masses of I d' revolutIOnaries, the
struggle. They confiscated all his deeds and made 80 public ' n la have r' .
IOnary storm which . ' Isen 10 a.revolu-
bonfire of them. The securities, the peasants had been t IS unprecedented' 1
,c1ap of spring thunder , th e revo l'utIOnary
10 st
sea e. 1 Like a
forced to mortgage to the landlords were returned to their
peasants of Naxalbari and 0 th er areas has sh krugg e11 of the
owners, e sparks of revolut' lOnary armed st a1 en a India.
Relying closely on the landless and poor peasants and Th
,steadily spreading to many paces l' rugg e have been
10 th
uniting with the - middle peasants, the guerrillas in Bihar
haoshan people 1 ., e country. We
have fought the enemy with simple weapons made by .s b 11' ace alm the revolutionar ..
themselves and, at the same time, armed themselves with re e lOn derconstrated b th . Y splr.t of
,peasants and th y e poverty-stncken Indian
weapons seized fram the enemy. . e unprecedented ex 11 t
'sltuation in India. ce en revoluti?nary
In Uttar Pradesh, the guerrillas In Lakhimpur District's
Pallia area have frequently' ambushed reactionary police . Our great leader Chairman M
,mvestigation of th ,ao personally made an
-sent there on :'mopping up" operations, scoring one victory e peasants revolutio
Hunan and wrote the b 'II' nary struggle in
. rl lant work Repo ·t
after another. 1jatMn of the Peasant M . 1 on an lnvesti-
The ra.ging flames of armed struggle of the Indian ovement m Hum 42
He predicted at that t' ." an years ago.
1>easantshave greatly raised the mora.le of the poor peasants Ch' , Ime. In a very sh t '
IDa s central, southern a d or hme" in
and deflated the arrogance of the fe,udal landlords and .h d n northern provi
un red million peasants will 'I'k nces, several
reactionary. bureaucrats. No matter what suppressive and .h ' rIse I e a mighty t .
urr Icane,
" a force so swift an d's Violent that n orm, like a
deceitful tactics the reactionary Indian Government and
great, will be able to hold it back T ~ power, however
the feudal landlord class resort to, they can in no way
trammels that bind th d ' hey wIll smash aU the
hold back the Indian peasants from rushing forward along , em an rosh forw d I '
lIberation," ar a ong the road to
the road to liberation.
-From Peking Review, No. 38,1969 Chairman Mao's stateme t '
for the nation's revolutio n p010ted out the direction
time with Hunan a .ntary peasant movement of that
. SIS centre and' b
mexhaustible strength Th '. 1m ued it with
-developed exactly in li~e wit: Ch~neBe revolution has
ChaIrman Mao's scientific
 LIBERATION HAIL RISING REVOLUTIONARY STORM 65

, thoroughly understands, shows Like three 'swords over the head,

prediction, ChaIrman Mao d has complete faith in us po~r High interest, rent and debt.
the greatest concern for an 1 praises and supports Tillers of the soil,
. nts warm y
and lower-mIddle peasa , b II' n and values the great Before them only three choices to make-
. 't of re e 10 1
our revolutionary SpIn sant movement high y, Prison, beggar's stick,
1 t' onary pea
significance of the revo u I, t. "The national revolu- Or home to forsake.
Chairman Mao wisely pomte~ °t~e 'countryside," and "it is
. at change lD t' " A true picture of the countryside in old China, this
tion requIres a gre . I t'on of the revolu Ion.
. f the comp e 1 'bl song is a stirring indictment of the reactionaries. Where
an important factor or th peasants cannot pOSSI y
','Without using the greatest force, . e f the landlords which there is oppression, there is resistance. Chairman Mao
d rooted autborIty 0 ld b pointed out the road of emancipation and liberation for us
overthrow the eep- " "Otherwise it woU e
nds of years, I poverty-stricken peasants: To get organized and armed,
has lasted for th ous a • . . f the counter-revo u·
the actIVitIes 0 overthrow the local tyrants, evil gentry and lawless land-
impossi6le to suppress throW the authority of the
t side or over ' lords, eliminate feudalism and put all power in the peasant
tionaries in the coun ry l' true ted us at that tIme
, Mao a so Ins I' associations. Initiated and led personally by Chairman
gentry," Chairman ' , t the Party's class me
hat it was impera t Ive to Implemen t and uniting WIt ' h Mao, the peasant movement in' the Shaoshan area, as in
t th poor peas an s
of firmly relying on e th t we must grasp the gun other parts of Hunan Province, developed swiftly and
. elements, a 1 t 1y violently. Under the solid leadership of the Shaoshan
other revolutiOnary Because we reEOu e .
b armed force. . •.• Party Branch of the Communist Party of China, revolu-
and seize power y , t' ns the revolutiOnary
. Mao's Instruc 10 '. . .
tionary mass organizationslike peasant associations, women's
carried out ChalIman h d wave upon wave, wmnmg
easant movement surged a ea associatiops and children's corps were established one
~ne great victory after anot~~r. asants are in a situation after another. Mammoth demonstrations and political
The disaster-ridden In Ian pe ts 42 years agO. The gatherings were held which greatly heightened the revo-
h Ch'nese peasan . lutionary people's morale. To meet the needs of the
similar to that of t e ~I . h d down by the three big
n welg e . struggle, the poverty-stricken peasants in 41 townships.
Chinese people were t., f d I' m ana bureaucrat-
, hsm eu a IS f in the vicinity of Shaoshan rapidly joined forces and began
ountains of Imperta, , ts who accounted or
m . 1 r the peas an , - making their own weapons-spears, which increased from
capitalism, In p.artlCU: ~f the population, went throu.gh
more than 80 per cen f misery and indignatlOn about a dozen at the beginning to several thousand. With
I A folk song 0 , h d Weapons and power in our hands, we grew in strength
inhuman ordea s. ts who were weig e
Shaoshan peas an '
circulated among u b' mountains:
down by the three l~ Sh oshan interlink in a chain,
with each day. We launched vigorous and sustained
offensives against the local tyrants, evil gentry and feudal
The valleys Vj a landlords and scored one great political and economic
Out of every ten, . victory ~fter another,' Firs1. we banned shipping food grain
. l t there be no rn'IJstake,
N'lJne, e . t . out of the area and prohibited the landlords from hoarding
Find it hard afamily to rna'IJna'IJn,
grain and forcing up grain prices. Then we attacked the
Tillers of the soil, "tm.vU!'lhip nAfence corps" and s~ized weapons from the
Always under threat- L-Nov.5
 LIBERATION HAIL RISING RHVOLUTION ..•.RY STORM
66 67
~ne, while the reactionaries say it is t .
la.ndlords, set up peasant armed ~, and put down the hStli, revisionists and re t' ernble. The imperia-
despotic landlords:'" "In force and momentum the attack is. ' ac IOnary rur 1 '
h ate and fea.r the revol t' IDg Cass~s IDvariably
te~pestQOUS; those who bow before it survive and those wh. ' u IOnary people's
t h IDg monstrous and 1 movement as some-
resist perish. As a result, the privileges which the feudal t .b eave no stone t d
rou Ie a.nd to carryout d" un urne to make
landlords enjoyed for thousands of years are being shattered IsruptIOn and su .
th e more ruthless th e oppreSSIOn '
th fi
ppreSSIOn.However
'
to piece., Every bit of the dignity and prestige built up by The wheel of history defi 't 1" e ercer the resistance.
the landlords is being swept into the dust." The revolutionary Dl e Y cannot b t
Th e great leader Ch' . e urned back
people were beside themselves with joy when the head of th' aIrman Mao has said' "H '
e reactIOnaries try to hold b k . owever Qluch
the "township defence corps" (the landlords' armed forces), or later revolution wl'll t k I ac the wheel of history, Sooner
who had committed murder without batting an eye, wa.s . a e pace aQd w'JJ' .
ThIS is a great' t' I ~neVltablytriumph."
put to death by the furious peasants. This punctured l' " IDcon rovertlble truth. The -, ,
IStS, SOVIet revisionist ' 1' " U,S, Impena_
the arrogance of the reactionaries and greatly raised the , . SOCIa-Impenal t I '
SlOnists and Indian rea t" IS s, ndlan rev i-
morale of the revolutionary peasants. I c IOnanes are now k'
g ove to persecute the re I t' wor IDg hand in
Today, we are glad to see that under the Indian . vo u lOnary I d'
varIOUSways Th' " n Ian peasants in
. elr persecutIon "0 I .
Communist revolutionaries' leadership, the Indian peasant. the people's revolutions 0 b n y serves to accelerate
••re getting organized and launching fierce attacks on the n a roader and .
and they themselves will end more IDtensescale,'·
enemy. They have armed themselves with weapons seized rock only to drop it on th ' up shamefully by "lifting Eli
from the enemy and with home-'Ilade weapons. They , elr own feet."
SummIDg up the experien
have struck at the reactionary police who were sent to revolution the Co ,ce and lessons of the Indian
suppress them; they have raided landlords' plantations, L .,' mmunrst Part f I .
enmlstl
, has pointed 0 u t th at th y 0 t ' ndla (Marxist -
luppressed despotic landlords, carried out land reform and IndIa today "is to b 'ld e mos. Important task in
let about eliminating feudalism, All these revolutionary Party armed with ~ ~p a revolutionary Communist
••cts of rebellion are excellent I As pointed out in. the Th arXlsm-Leninism M
ought," to repudiate all b . ' tlo° Tsetung
political Resolution of the Communist Party of India. s~ch as "peaceful tr 't' ourgeols a od revisionist J'unk
anSI IOn" the" I' •
(Marxist-Leninist), "without overthrowing the enemies of the "united front" ' par Iamentary road"
, government and th '. '
the Indian people-U.S. imperialism, Soviet social-imperia- vIOlence,"and to steadfastl 1 d th ,e prIDCIple of oon-
lism, India's comprad(lr-bureaucratic capital and feudalism- revolutionary road of '. y ea , , e IndIan people on to the
there can be no solution of any of the problems of the . selzmg polrtlcal pow b
We people of Shaoshan a ,er y armed force.
Indian people, the reign of darkness over India cannot be whole country are firml ' l~ng WIth the peeple of th
ended, nor can India advance one step along the road of Leninism- Mao' Tsetung ~h~onvmc~d ~hat ORceMarxism~
concr~te conditrons of India u?ht !s mtegrated with the
progress,"
developing
At present, the Indian peasant movement is
and the revolutionary Indian people are
matenal force and become a ' ,1\
power. Whatever plots a~~Irr ~ atom bomb of infinite
Will generate a powerful

••dvancing. India has a bright future I resort to. they can in no wa re~c emes th~ reactionaries
The upsurge in the revolutionary movement of the 01 the revolutionary storm i~ lndi:~t the rapId db velopment
oppressed people has compelled all classes and all kinds of -From Peking Re'llicw, No. 88, HI69
people to take a position. The revolutionary peopie say this i.
 OUR PATH
69
But what kind of . .
not of h' guerrilla warfare is th'
. t e klDd advocated b Ch IS? Certainly
Our Path: Guerrilla Warfare guernlla warfare wage dye ad' Guevara .' Ours' IS a
teachings . Ccor mg to Chairman M ao ,"s
-A Peasant Organizer
a Guerrilla warfare b'ase d on Mao T t
powerful weapon in th h se ung Thought .
OUR respected teacher and beloved leader Comrade th .
elr political objectives
e ands of th
A . e people for achieving
IS
Charu Mazumdar has pointed out: "Guerrilla warfare is WI'th t h e enemy-th ' rouslDg th ('l masses and de l'
, eSe are the tw b . a mg
the only tactic for carrying on peasants' revolutionary UDtt in order to seize " 0 aSle tasks of a guerrilla
struggle." In these few words he has fully brought out country, ~'his is ~hy t~~ItIcal p~wer and liberate the
the important role that guerrilla warfare, organized by all.round leadersh' proletarIan Party .rou t h .
t' Ip over the guerrilla Save
Party units composed of the class conscious poor and o thiS, the leading role of t warfare, In contrast
landless peasants, is to play in the struggle }or seizing recognized in Che G he Party. or politics I'S t
M uevara theor no
power in the countryside. a~umd&.r has pointed out," ~,As Comrade Oharu
When we try to study the significant role of guerrilla o~ly through an in tensive ~ ", thI~ war can be started
warfar'e in the Chinese revolution and in the revolutiouary seIZure of political power a P opagatlOn of the politics of
struggles of other countries, or when Vice-Chairman Lin this work can be performed ::~g ~he peasant masses. And
Piao points out the road for us in concise terms: "Guerrilla • the peasantry-units th t y y the Party units amo
warfare is the o~ly way to mobilize and apply the whole I dl a are com d ng
an ess peasants," pose of the poor and
strength of the people against the enemy", we form an
From this flows th
idea~about this, i.e., we arrive at the stage of conceptual Comrade Charu Maz de sec~nd conclusion which is
, b . um ar pomted t " ' as
kno~ledge. We n~ed practice, that is, we must apply this IS aSlCally the higher sta e ou: Guerrilla- warfare
conceptual knowledge to s9me selected areas in order to Because the Party 't g of class struggle," Wh
th UDt of poor a d I Yf
test its validity and continue to develop it through practice, e guerrilla warfare' onl b n , andless peasants start
before we a~e able to un~erstand how this knowledge fits m b y y arousmg th b
asses, y arousing class h t d e road peasant
into' the concrete conditions of our country. an db; y Inspiring
.' the pt. a re aga'InSt th e class enemies
The Communist revolutionaries of our country have of easan s wIth th I' .
power. The guerrilla 't f e po ItlCSof seizure
come to realize the significance of guerrilla warfare in the um 0 poor a d I
can never carry forward th n and1ess peasants
peasant 'struggle, that is, they have arrived at the stage of of the rural exploiters -th ~ struggle for the annihilation
rational knowledge in this respect through the guerrilla 'th e )otedars 10. dl d
-WI out the support of th . ' n or s and usurers
struggles in Srikakulam-particularly in its Sompeta taluk, can be waged without th elr own class. No class war
in Lakhimpur-Kheri, in North Bihar and in different classes, Naturally' thI'S e support of the revolutio~ary
.' other parts of the country, This shows that the words of b" ,war can b .
y stepping up and developing th e carned forward only
our beloved leader Comrade Charu Mazumdar fully conform the struggle of the peasantry a ,e class struggle, that is
r 1 ., gamst th f d '
to the 'reality. ura reactIOnarIes. e eu 0.1lords and
Translated froIDan a.rticle published in DESHABRATI, July 31, 1969. How can one confuse this kind of . ' ..
guerrrlIa warf8irf;lwith
 LIBERATION OUR PATH
70
reactionary India 71
the one advocated by ehe Guevara T The Che-type War to n government, and wa in
-senui oppos.e counter-revolutionar g g a re-volutionary
guerrilla wariare is waged by a few in'Opired petty bourgeois
ne revolutIOnary act like this f Y War r Can any
youths in isolation from the masses and relying on modern
There are some com .
weapons. Weapons and the ability to use them properly- questio f rades among
c ~ 0 mass movement and m us who raise the
these constitute the decisive factor in such a war, neces- onnectIOn . A sour respe t d ass organ' Izat'IOn in tho
sitating a 'long period of military training an!! the M azumdar has' pOInted out· ce leader - CO IS
nat "Th mrade Charu
collection of modern weapons. Suph wars have nothing "to urally arises whether it i' e question therefor '
do with the leadership of class conscious proletariat or the mass movements'S necessary at 11 e.
Such m on partIal demands . a to launch
m~sses, who never' participate in them actively but are, ovements of the In the present
a.t best, mere supporters. What is there common between now and in futur peasants are certainl era.
such wars a.nd people's wars-the guerrilla warfare waged conducting th e also. What should b y nscessary,
Qh ese movements on . ~ our tractic in .
according to Chairman Mao's teachings T
Since the Che-type guerrilla warfare does not seek the r The ~:::~alt:{:ga~dS and what
Sh~:~: ~: ~~e~ 0b~Jl'~ctives
, 0 1 Ize the b d In our tact'
participation of the conscious section of the masses in the prIncipal aim to h roo. peasant mass 10
• bro d en ance the cl' es and our
war, the youths who follow Che-Guevara 00 not and canno~ a peasant masses so that th ass consciousnass; of th
/.
bave any urge to integrate themselves with the peasant armed T struggIQ."
. ey may advan
' ce toward. •
masses. In contrast to this, Comrade Charu Mazumdar o do thIS it would h
bas repeatedly ex~lained Chairman Mao's tedochingsbefore the political leadership o~n;~essary, naturally, to establish
us and asked the young peasant organizers like us to over the peasants' e poor and landl
zation of ,mass movements N ess peasant.
integ~at~ ourselv,es, with the peasants and develop the any kmd co. . 0 open mas
peasants' class struggle through class analysis, in'lestigation doors of such Ie 801 n ever accomplish this b s organi-
ea t g mass organizat' ' ecause the
a.nd,study. This he 4id because' no people's war can be P san. sand th'IS naturall IOns are 0pen to all th
waged without ensuring the participation of the broad orgalllzations led b th "y turns them into e
This is so bye rIch and the' peasant
masses of the ~easantry in the revolutionary s~ruggle. the' ecause owing to their h' h mldle peasants
Guerrilla warfare is t~e basic weapon to launch and carry Ir urge to obtain econo' Ig er social status and
lc
forward the people's war. :eans, the well-to-do middl: concessions through legal
All this compels us to doubt the genuineness of the re- ecome much peasants and m'ddl
than th more vocal and active . 1 e peasant.
'Volutio~l.ll.fYpurpose and honesty of those who are seeking ment fe poor and landless peasants In such organization.
to discoyer Che, Guevara-ism in the peasant struggles of o the leadership of th ' 89, even the establ' h
Naxalbari and Srikakulam, and Guevl!ora'sghost in Comrade over the peasants' mass move poor and landle ss peasant. ' IS -
Charu Mazumdar's theory based on the e:x:perienceof thes.a Ith rough guerrilla warfare' ements can be a ch"Ieved onl
struggles. What genuine revolutionary will ever stoop so andless
' peasants organIzed by th e poor and1
low as to jeer at the great struggle of the broad masses of Peasants' mass mo vements '
t' b
,the peasants of Srikakulam and brand it as Che-ism, that IOnary way only on the b ,can e conducted in a .
inst'f aSIS of' " - revolu-
too at a time 'when they"are -engaged in a life and death ance, 1 we iive the s10gan "theguerrIlla
' warfare
••. F or
s,truggle against the police and mercenary troops 'Of the _ commg crops. ~Ioni
 LIBERATION OUR PATH 73
72 to carryon open movements through those open mass
uerrilla actions
" . rea where some g organizations inevitably turing us into another set of
to the peasants In an a . t the cl~ss enemies, the
have already tak~n place agalD~ll d to that slogan leaders of revisionist mass organizations,"
th re WI respon Chairman Mao spoke of peasant associations in his
broad peasaut masses e Th's l'S so because
. the crops 1 celebrated work "Report On An Investigation Of The Pea-
and come forwar~ to seIze, b' the advanced section
the guerrilla. actlOns orgamzed ~ h d make them sant Movement In Hunan." What kind of peasant associa-
. of their own class Ins 1 con
't'l fidence lD t em an
. h~ we should tions were these r qertainly they were no ordinary peasant
, t n th That IS w J
organizations, The peasant associations of Hunan were
conscious of theIr own s re g, ' , f kind for the
mzatlOn 0 any secret organizations of the peasants, and became "the sole
not build open mass orga d for any other mass
movements on partial deman s or organs of authority." This is hat led to the popular
movement. t first built Kisan slogan "All power to the peasant associations." Comrade
ur work we a
When we b egan 0 W did it because we Kanu Sanyal in his report on the Terai struggle referred
r 'our area, e to this kind of organiza.tion, Such peasant associations
Samity on the old lDeSlD, Though we discussed
. at that tIme. . ] are revolutionary organizations and component parts of the
lacked experIence, b 'th k [group meetlDg
rt' 10 every a't a revolutionary state power because they grow out of revolu-
revolutionary po 1 lCS 1 tl'onaru nolitics to a.
t' e the revo u J l.'
yet we were unab e 0 ralS I th ntraru we ourselves tionary struggle and are based on armed power. What
't' there On e co J,
was the political situation in China at the time when these
dominating pOSlIon· 't' where we merely
d d to a. pOSl lOn peasant associations were formed in Hunan r The
were gradually re uce, d th well-to-do middle
' d the mIddle an e S 't Communist Party was then united with the Kuomintang
trailed be h lD 'd t f the Kisan amI Y
t f the presl en so, 1 and was carrying on armed struggle against the warlords
peasants. Mos 0 do middle peasant and mldd e
belonged to the well-to- ted nressure to get some one of North China. In other words a Communist-Kuomintang
Wh'le we exer l.' - t f united front had already been formed for the Northern
peasant class. 1 t lected to the pos 0
from the poor and landless peas,an ~abl~ elected men who Expedition and there was a revolutionary army under this
mo n peasantsA Invan J
united front. So, the peasants were also armed and carried
President the com ell off
- esult such open mass
s a r ,
were more or less w " h' drance to rather than on struggle against the warlords. Even then the Hunan
, built became a In , , It peasants organized themselves in secret during the period
organizatlon as we . f olutionary polItICS.
agatlOn 0 rev k from January, to June, 1926, Only after the revolutionary
promoting the prop • t for legal, open wor
t ndency of the peas an s d army defeated and drove away the ruler of Hunan did the
increases the e , t' f on seizure of land, an
, S d onstratlOns, pe 1 1 , . bl peasants carryon their organization openly during the
like meetlDg . em t trangled in intermlD8 e
easants ge en . All period from July to September. The members of the
clashes an d th e P 'th denths of frustratlOn,
. them lDto e l.' f . peasant a.sso~iation were those who had worked as guides,
law suits throwlDg " f ''''ure of pow~r and de ylDg
h nohtlCS 0 sel... . . scouts and carriers in the -Northern Expeditionary Army.
this obstructs t e l.' ild' of secret orgaDlzatlOn,
d the bu 109 But. even then a great catastrophe overtook the Chinese
the existing laws an " strengthens the tendency
orgaDlzatlons I d Communists in 1927 because the Communist, Party of
Such open mass -t This is why our ea er
.. g the peasan s. 't ~ China at that time had no army of its own. Today, at a
of economlsm amon d h s correctly pOlDted ou .
Mazum ar a d time when imperialism and revisionism a.re trying even
Comrade Ch aru t will strengthen the ten ency
. -c'Such an attempt on our par .
 74 LIBERATION
OUn PATH
more frantically to disrupt the work of the revolutionaries
from within, when revisionism is trying in every way to (2) Building up '11 75
armed reactionary sta~~ age defence force to deal with the
drag us towards open organization, open work and struggles
goondas and bad charact POwer and suppress the landlords'
which avoid infringing upon the existing laws-revisionism (8) M' ers,
thrives best inall this-the revolutionaries must thoroughly aIntaining 1
contradictions within thaw and order and resolving the
-repudiate the old path and must on no account engage
(4) Establish' e pea.santry,
themselves in any way in building open organizations in
rural reactionarie~~g people's courts to try the goondas and
the revisionist way in order to be able to persist in the
revolutionary path. ' Comrades the C '
, ommunIst l'
are now amidst a revo utlonaries in our cou t
Our respected leader Charu Mazmdar summed up the , war-the p n ry
direct experience of the Srikakulam comrades and pointed agaInst, the counter-revolution easant revolutionary war
revolutIonaries of the fi ht' ary war. The Communist
out the road for building up revolutionary organization and
l'evolutionary Part 0 ~ Ing areas have' built u th
organs of state power in the countryside, We must follow tionar y preCIsely for org " P e
this road. , y war, carrying it forw anIzzng this revolu_
ard
It to all corners of OUrcountr ste~ ~y step and spreading
There was no Kisan Sabhs. or mass organization in the
80mpeta taluk of Srikakulam. A guerrilla unit of poor and
~f people's War developed to ih ThIS IS so because the path
IS the only path that can l'b e stage of guerrilla warfare
. landless peasants raided the house of a class enemy-a,
People from exploitation and 10 erate ,the 500 million Indian
notorious jotedar-in that area, annihi.1ated him, seized the
path to achieve liberation, ppresslon. There is no othel'
food grains hoarded by him and distributed the same among
Let us rally around th P
the peasants, comfiscated the pawned gold ornaments the e arty. Let
Comrades of the fight' us rely firmly 0
and returned them to the peasants and made a bonfire of guerrilla warfare to every c zng a~eas. Let us spread thn
hand-notes worth rupees one hundred thousand in front us link all Our work d' orner In the countryside L:
of the peasants, This incident greatly aroused the peasant revolutionary War W Irectly or indirectly With' the
masses of that area, created their faith in the Communist b . e can d th' a
oundless faith in and 0 IS only if we h
Party (M-L) and they began to get organized, Thus, the a.nd respect for th 1 aVe
Peasants, only if e revo utionary work
guerrilla unit that did it acted according to Mao Tsetung certainly belongs t yoU rely firmly on them V' t e1'8
Thought and hit out at the class enemy politically as wen b '11' 0 us beca . IC ory
rl Iant sunlight f M ' use We already he.
a8 economically. victory. 0 800 Tsetung Thouggt to g 'd ve the
UI e us to
Comrade Charu Mazumdar has pointed out that wheD
the guerrilla units begin to act in this manner in any
area the class enemies will be forced to flee from the
---
o '\ countryside and the villages will be liberated. Only then
r • must we form the revolutionary peasant committees. The
eommittee will fulfil four tasks:
(1) Confiscation and-distribution of all land belonging
to the jotedars and the rural reactionaries, and production,
 1

~1!!l1!~O!!!1!: DOCUMENT . CARRY FORWARD T:B;E PEASANT STRUGGLE

77
working class and after that an industrial peace Was,
The Peasant Struggle
co~:
negotiated under the leadership of the Cabinet. S Further_
Carry Forward b ting Revisionism, more, the workers Were told not to use gherao as a Weapon.
By Thoroughly Economism, Can class collaboration be more naked than this r The
capitalists are given full freedom to exploit and at the
Struggle Aga;s Movement same time the workers are told not to struggle. On
Develop the ass -Charu Mazumdar joining a government established by a huge people's
struggle, the Communist Party has chosen the Way of class
collaboration.

[ We publish below a documen,t the last of a series

dar addressed to
of
the . The Chinese leaders predicted quite some time ago
that those who Were neutral on the international ideological
lette" of Comrade. Charu Mazum
. s of Indi., partien lIto
ar y the
a.
differences would very quickly take the opportunist road.
Commnni.t revolu~on:~~he Na.albari str~gglei t~~ ~st
Now the leaders of China have stated that these neutralists .
Comrades cOAnne~Ite19:7just after the form~tlOwneOst Bengal. are actually revisionists and that they will soon join the
. t in pn" ment m
wnt en " United Front govern. nd the .t.ge counter-revolutionary camp. We are witnessing this
"non-Congress 1 's d"evelopmg beyo
h trugg truth in OUr country today, Before our eYes there is the
I dia t e s eI this documen,t written betrayal of the working class.
All over
'b d n herem.
. Even then t ted WI'11 be of great
des"" eh Na.alh.ri ,truggle ,ar .' text tran.lated And now let us add to it the pronouncements of
before t e des. The followmg 'd in the Communist Party leader Harekrishna Konar.4 At first he
. to our Comra . . me as appeare
v.lue h Beng.li original, " the sa, g68 The footnote' .r, promised that all land vested in the government Would be
from t e . Vol I No.2, j •

World Revolutwn, ., . ] distributed among the lan,dless peasantry. Then the

ours. amount of land to be thus distributed was reduced. At last
-Editor, Liberation. he announced that this year things will remain as before.
The question of exemption from land revenue was left to
S the •
electJOns,
1 the party leaders h'IP.2 has been the mercy of Junior Land Revenue Officers (JLRO). The
INCH t SS 0 f our misgivmgs. The
b peasant was shown the way of applications and petitions
d'I'gently provmg. the correc ne
. t d that "strugg les must he and he was ordered not to forcibly occupy any land.
1 I ., 1 Bureau h a s dlrec e . .
mimstnes from t e
pohhea the non-Congress . ipa1 work Harekrishna Babu is not only a member of the Central
waged to save. " In other words, the prmc Ie but Committee of the Communist Party, but he is also the
clutches of reactlOn. . tensification of class strugg Secretary of the West Bengal Kisan Sabha (Peasant
. ts is not the m .
Association). It Was his Kisan Sabha that in 1959 called
:~ h~::'~rief for the:ee:~~~::i:=' of Party. me:~::g:: for a movement to wrest vested lands and benami lands and
For the purpose d t'ons for economism
called to lay firm foun a I the 3.1967
The reactiona.ry United Front Cabinet formed in West Bengal after
elections.
ections held in 1967.
The fourth general el h' of the OPI(M) 4. Land and La.nd Revenue Minister in the UF government of We.t
Bengal.
1.
2. ., 't leaders Ip
The reVISIOnlS
 CARRY FORWARD THE PEASANT STRUG

lee th.t Hor.kr' h OLB 71

on t op of that IS na Babu WI'11 not str
ts stru 1 made arrang uggle now and b
'18 gg • ",.y not tlk e a mIlItant
.. .",ent..o
fro' th at the peaEant
IS
it w., .g.in.t this ",ov.",.nt .nd in the int.r •• 01 the m In the future
i.ndowning . cl.".. th.t the gov.rn",.nt I.t 100'· te•
.nppr •• c.",p.ign .nd ord.r.d the p•••• nts The Struggle A • .
nt to voc. We have ho galDst Economism
th. I.nd.. sion But in spit. 01 th.t, the p•• i. in ",.ni d ' wever' d
in. • .' r. • \0 give up the I.nd .nd ",.int.in.d em.ocratic revolution' a opted the program
fns d the mt.re.t 01 th who.e chiel t •• k· fora p.opl •.•
t oc
po".ssion on the str.ngth 01 the villag.'· unity. lIas the of the peasantry: petasantry. Land refor IS .land reform in
Ki••. S.hh. le. supported their struggle .Iter beco",ing th . an ake pI m In the .
der ted e power of th ace only wh Interest
n
a ",ini.te ! No. lIe ha' •• id th.t ve. lands will be do th i. w. ",u.t e feudal . c1asses in th en we hav'e s",.shed
r
r.distrihuted. Who will get the"'! The J .L.R.O'. will di.tribut. th .pprop".t. the I.nd • countrysid.. To
t.k. the .dvic. 01 the Kis.n \lahh' on th.t. But will th.t W . e", .mong th • 01 th... I
e will never do thi.' e poor .nd l.ndl c .ss.. .nd
advic. he .cc.pt.d! lIar.kri.hn' .B.hu do.s not s.y· the li",its 01 e . ,lour struggles es. pe•• ont•.
But lIarekri.hn. B.bu i. quit. cl.ar on the point th.t In.1l conoms",. or. confinedwith'
p•••• nt. ",u. not lorcibly occupy the I.nd. il tb. J.L.R.O" . ore•• wber .n
t redIstribution of e the struggle w
disregard the a.dvice of the Kisan Sabha. peailant who h vested lands we h as only for the
• Wh.t c.n on. c.1l thi.! Is it not .i",ply being • lock.Y as bee .' ave se
"Vested land d n gIven the r en that the
of the govern",ent .nd the I.ndlords! "Even the Cangr." e reaso . rops out 0 f active p !Censed p ossession f
did not dora to hold such' briel lor the leudal c1&sse •. n" tb.t.. 'tb' e••• nt st a
Th class ch"
his t WI In one year th ruggles. Why"
Thu', to .bide hy the dir.ctiv., 01 the party lead.rs n Ibe economic .roc dem .r d• n d becomes a middl .t p. asant changes'
.",ount. to unquestioning .cceptance 01 the .,ploit.tio are n 1 an s of th e peasant T
elor a ong.r tb.ir • poor .nd I. . hUB
.nd rul. 01 the leud.1 cl.sse.. It i. ther • the r.spon- br•• 1ro the miit d.",.nd.. It i. tbu S t ndl." p•••• nt.
sibiliIY 01 Co",,,,uni.ts to expose this le.d.rshiP·· rs .nti- poor and Iandies y. of struggling peasa t hat economiam
prol.tori,n r•• ctionory rol. belor• the p,rty ",.",be .nd Believers in ec
s Into th dna
. e eptps of deap .
and 1
p unges the
the peapl•• nd pu.h lor ward on tho policy 01 int.nsilying t th onomlsm . d aIr.
nt o e amount of. JU ge every at
r.c.iv.d by tb p.ddy s.ized and th ruggl. according
the L.t
class us ."u",e th.t the I.ndl.ss .nd poor pe••• •
struggle.
•o.ccord'mg t o whethere peasant ..y'Th
th
e amount of 1and
never Judg
accept lIar. • ' Bahu" propos.l •• nd .ub",it petition •.
hn peasants has . e fighting . e a struggle
Wh. willkri h.pp.n then! Ve.ted lands cont.in .0"'· t . mcr •••• d consmousn
t
unti\led I.nd hut ",o.t 01 the I.nd. are cultivoted I.nds. a mer•••• tb. cIa" conso~ not. Naturally the .ss of the
Wb.r ••• w k cwusn.ss of tb y do not try
The'. I.tt .Ire.dy bove cultivotors who or. eith.r
er t illocrifice Oh . e now that no strug 1 ~ peasants.
sharecroppers (bhag chas,) or .licensed by the govern",ent.

.0.
· ,aIrman M gels p 'b
<1S struggle the 300 ha<;taught us th OSSIIe without
The redi.triliution 01 these 1&nd. will inevit.bly genero •

ict
advontag
nt
conll •• ",ong the poor .nd I.ndle.. pe••• •ntand t.king
01 the.e conllicts, the rich pe••• , who i.
tb.n tb. pow~r
Itruggl. will b. Ion
:t::·
• f tb •• truggl. r. tbmu.t a1 b s.crifice at At wb .r.v.r tb.r.
r 01 the p.opl. 'will t7· b.ginning
• r.actionaries. Tb a way. b. '1•••
• partner in leud.1 p wer and inlluence .nd
e
tionwho h.' gre.'
1 g. But the peo p Ie belD . at IS why th I)
g a progressiye
.pportunitie. lor bure.ucrotic ",.nipul. , will in••.•
hi",.eU in th.I •• dership 01 the p•••• nt ",ov.",.nt. So we
 80 LIBERATION
CARRr FORWARD THE PEASANT SXRtJG
force will increase its strength every day and the reaction A l'b GLE
being a decaying force will decrease its strength everyday. 1 era ted zon . 81
class enemies have IS a peasan t area fro .
Thus, if the people are not inspired to make sacrifices, no
require Peasant are been ousted. To build ~ whICh all the
revolutionary struggle can be successful. Economism
peasants are c med POWer. Just as a uch a Zone We
drags us away from this principal revolutionary standpoint
We will jUdgeo~pohnents of this armed po~ms made by the
and leaves us stranded with a bourgeois standpoint. The or n t b Wether the er, So are g
party leaders have done precisely this through their· 0, y whether he has peasant is Po1iticall . uns.
Where will th proceeded towards c ~ Imbued
various activities. enemies h e peasant get th Ollectlng guns
If we review various peasant struggles in the past we aVe guns and th . e guns frOm? Th .
must be snatched ey lIve in the villa . e class
will See that the leaders have always imposed from above
with the guns 'lraway frOm them Th ge: The guns.
compromises on the peasants, whereas the respo~sibility of POSseSsionof WI Ing1y, so force mus't b ey wIll not part;
the party leaders was to establish the revolutionary leader- t . guns. For th' e Used to c .
raIned to set th IS the peasant Tome Into-
ship of the proletariat in the peasant movement. This all other tech . e class enemies' hous mlltants must be
task was not undertaken in the past and is not being sudden att knI qUes. Apart frOm th 0 es On fire and to use
undertaken now. Now they are asking for dependence ac s on th IS, We wOll
t !n whichever area W ,.e armed forces of th~ get guns by
upon the law and the bureaucracy. Lenin has said that if
a progessive law were passed but if the responsibility for l
Ing campa' e,lmanage to org'
liberated z~~n, that. 'area will Soon abnI~ethis gun-Snatch~
gOvernment

its implementation rested on the bureaucracy then the For th' e. e ransformed into a
IS We req
peasant would not get anything.' It is therefore quite area' s
0

Ulre ';Videspr d
peasants regard ea propaganda
clear that our leaders have strayed far from Lenin and the
0

~nd also small c1and ~ng the politics of among the'

revolutionary way. Ing the gun-snatchi:stIne groups of militan~rmed struggle
Agrarian revolution is the immediate task. This task groups will pro g campaigns. The s for conduct.
cannot be postponed and without it the peasant cannot at th pagate the poJ't, members of th
e same time fulfil . 1 ICS of armed ese
. be benefited, But·the agrarian revolution';must await the Collection of the gIVen task of struggle and'
smashing of state power, To !tttempt an agrarian revolution the struggle Th guns does not chang g~n collection.
without first smashing the state machinery. is straightfor- then will th~re be collected ~uns must b: 0 e appearance of
ward revisionism. The first and~,;'principal task of the POWer and e an unfoldIng of th perated and only
peasant movement today is, therefore, the smashing of the can b . a qualitative change' h e peasant's creat'
e carrIed out In t e stru 1 IVe-
state machine. If this task cannot be carried out through- .the firmest ally of t~:lY by .the Poor and 1a~~1:' This task
out the nation ot all over the State, will the pea,sant mark IS also an ally but . WorkIng class. The ,ss peasant,.
time until that date r No. Marxism-Leninism and the as intense as th hIS consciOusness of th mIddle Peasant;
Thought of Mao Tse-tung teaches us that if in anyone ares
the peasantry can be imbued with political consciousnes;
requires a little at0: the Poor and 1and1e strUggle is not
Party must th more tIme. For this r ess peasants. He
then the work of smashing the state machine can be carril ChIna's great orough1y
0

1
a 1 . eason the C
na yze class rela.t' ommunist
forward there. This is precisely the formation of this task right eader Chairman Ma TIOns. That is why
0
liberated zone. the path of r a tt~e first and thus u ~e-tung Completed
1
evo utIOnary st nernngly pointed •.
L rugg1e I ou"
-Nov. 6 . n our organizationa.l-
 LIBERATION
CARRY FORWARD THE PEASANT STRUGGLE
80 d the reaction 81
'11'ncrease its stren gth every . dayt an gth every day.
force WI 1 '11decrease Its s ren At A liberated zone is a peasant area from which all the
b l'ng a decaying force WI
e
,', d to make sacrifices, no V class enemies have been ousted. To build such a zone We
'f the people are n ot mspIre, -f 1 Economls. m require peasant a.rmed power. Just as arms made by the
Thus, 1 can be success u . 'nt
revolutionary struggl~ 'cI'pal revolutionary standPOTI peasants are Components of this armed power, so are guns.
f m thIS prm 't e
drags us away ro 'th a bourgeois standpoIn . ,h We will judge by whether the peasant is politically imbued
and leaves us stranded WI 'sely this through theIr' or not, by whether he has proceeded towards collecting guns.
arty leaders h ave done preCI
Where will the peasant get the gUns from? The class
p
various , 't'Ies. ,
activi t struggles In; the pa st we
enemies have guns and they live in the village. The guns.
If we review vanous peasan . posed from above must be snatched away from them. They will not part.
will see that the leaders av h e always 1m "
reas the responsiblhtyo, f
with the guns Willingly, so force must be used to come into,
compromIses' on the peasants,bl'whe .
h the revolutIOnary leader-
. possession of guns. For this the peasant militants must be
d as to esta IS
the party lea ers w., easant movemen. ThIS
t . trained to set the class enemies' houses on fire and to use
h P
s 'IP of the proletanat k In .the t h e pas t and is not being all other techni ques. Apart from this, we will get guns by
t k Was not underta en In k'ng for dependence sudden attacks on the armed forces of the government.
as th yare as 1. 'f
undertaken now. Now e Lenin has said that 1 In whichever area we.7manage to organize this gun-snatch_
y
n the law and the bureaucrabc · 'f the responsibility for -f ing campaign, that. 'area will soon be transformed into a
upo passed u t 1 h the liberated Zone.
a progessive law were on the bureaucracy t en ,
't implementation rested h' . It is therefore qUIte For this We require ~idespread propaganda among the-
~:a •• nt wonld not g:~v::;:a;::'lar Irom Lenin and the area's peasants regarding the politics of armed struggle
1 that our leaders .
and also small clandestine groups of militants for conduct_
c ear h' task ing the gun-snatching campaigns. The members of these
revolutionary way.. . the immediate t•• k. T" t
Agrarian revolutIOn IS 'th t it the peasant canno groups will propagate the .politics of armed struggle and
I '
cannot be postponed and:V o:volution';must await ~he at the same time fulfil the given task of gun collection.
. be benefited, But'the agr;naa~t:mPt an agrarian re~olutIOn Collection of guns does not change the appearance of
amaahing 01 state p~we:he :iate machinery is str ••ght~~~ the struggle. The collected guns must be operated and only
without first smashIngh fi st and~7principal task of h then will there be an unfolding of the peasant's creatiVe-
ward revi.iomsm. ' T e is r"therelore. the smas h'mg of t he power and a qualitative change in the struggle .. This task
ant movement today,
peas h' t sk canno t b'" '" carried out throug k_ can be carried out only by the poor and landless peasant,.
state machine. If t IS athe State will the peasant mathr the firmest ally of the working class. The middle peasant>
' 0 i all over
out the natIOn ,
Marxism-Lemmsm "and e is also an ally but his consciousness of the struggle is not
'
tIme un til that date r No. teaches us th a t if in anyone area as intense as that of the poor and landless peasants. He
ht of Mao Tse-tung r t' a1 consciousness, requires a little more time. For th,is reason the Communist
Thoug be imbued with po 1 I~ b carried
the peasantry can hing the state machine can, e f a Party must thoroughly analyze class relations. That is why
h the work of smas 'I the formatIOn 0 China's great leader Chairman Mao Tse-tung completed'
t en
forward there. This is preCIse y
this task right at the first and thus unerringly pointed out
liberated zone, the path of revolutionary struggle. In our organizational
L-Nov.6
 LIBERATION

82 , h .he leader, h',~ of

rincipal task IS . t 0 estahhs
. the peasants s tru ggle.
work 'he ~d landle" ~•• ean" m, 'he ~oli'ic' of armed 88
without "~loilation, Throughout India, in every State,
'he ~oor an • movement m and landle"
. the peasan . f the poor the ~eaeant i, restIes., The COmmuniets mUst 'how them
To orgamze
struggle will ensure 'hey leadersh,~
constitute 0 the mos • revolu'ionary
th the way and that way is through armed.,truggle ~olitic,
hecau,e e 'II ' and the cam~aign for the Collection of gUns, We must
~eeoan" ea•• n'., 'ral I,bourer<; w, firmly aSSert this to be the onfy way, The Great Proletarian
force among 'he ~ 'ze'ion for ,gneul'u, .endencie. of
. A separate orgam fact it will fos er h conflicts Cultural Revolution of China has declared War On every
t ness
k In , . se t e tyPo of "Ifish , grou~ism, revisionism, servile fOllOWing
• hel~ our "" " and mcrea 'ty of the
no "'rade umon"m 'reeoe 'he um h ~f the bourgeoi'ie and .inging the ~"ise. of bourgeoi,
econom"'.. It will no' mc I .y,'em • e
n the peasantry.. ur agricultura ideology, The fiames of that revolution have reached
amo g hecauee m 0 "mary, ,
India, That revolutiOn beekou, u. to "~re~are Our minds
,1Iied ola".. 'f dal cla"e, "~n , f ~om~rom"e
firmly for every kind of eaorifice, to remove the ObstaCle.
ex~loi'a'ion by 'h,e '~:re i. 'he qu•• '~n '~e Communi.t
In 'hi, con'ex , Wba' should e omi.e we "n the ~ath one by One '0 that victory will certainly be
11owners. of compr "ure," No ma"er with what terrible as~ect im~eriali'm
with the sma hI m ? In all cases t support any
'h'. ~ro e , W oanno h advances or how iu,idiou• the net that modern revi,ioni'm
atti'ude'o , bo,e .ide we are, e ,u~~or', In' e
'~read, in order to hel~ it, the day. of the reactionary
must decide on w 'n'eres' of 'ho" we over and over
class againlit the t' the Communi ••, have and landle" forces m are nUmbered, The bright 'unlight of Marxism.
ovemen , f the poor I d Leninie forever.
-darkness and the Thought of Mao Tee-tung will beni'h all
~•• ean' m 'he in'eres', 0 he ~oor and an •
again renounced f 'he middle classe~, ~e mu,'al.o have
Develop the Mass Movement
for 'be in'e:"I~': 'beir morale by 'h'~;lle ~e•• an'. and 'he
Naturally the ~roblem ari,e, whether there is any
I•• , ~•••• ~' oint. 'oward 'he m" ch ~eeoan" tbe same
• further need for mas, movement, based On~artial demand.,
.e~a"te v>ew~ If we con.ider .he n d landle" ~e",anls
rich ~eaean", ., 'hen 'he ~oor an 'd r 'be middle There i. certainly 'uch a need now aud it will remain in
ay as middle peasanh 'hand if we conSI e. h peasants, the future, India i, 'a Vast land and the ~e"antry is
w the ot er , 'd r 'he no b <livided into many clas.e" Thu. in every area 'nd amOng
despair, On ame way •• we co~" e for s'ruggle will e
P
all classe, the level of political COn,ciou'ne" e'nnot be the
easants the s nts' enthusIasm t I arn to analyze
.ddle peasa . ts mus e d' g ssme. Thu, au oP~ortunity will alway, exi,t for peasant
'hen 'he m' , h Commum. rea accor m
1es"'ened, That IS wYthe
I tions among peasantry of an a m••• movement. based Onpartial demand, and COm"'uni."
l11ust make good USe of this oPPortUnity.
t cIa" re a
'he f Chairman Mao, I dian peasan'ry
o the teaching
d a . the wrath of the n t has sought How'hould we Conduct 'he.e movement, for ~artial
r agam h peasan ry <lemand. ? TactiCally, Weshould try for the large,t peasant
Over an th ovea.nd every 'ime • e We dId '. no tell .hem
has huret for h
Communi,. Party, d 'he campaign '0 participation and Our~rincipal aim 'hould be to .ee Whether
the Po"ant.' cIa" eoneciou'ness i. enlarged and whether
.he way fro'."' eof armed .truggle an a of 'he working
'ha"he poh' ••, th only way, .he w Yd'ng of a world . it mOve. iOrward ·toward. armed struggle, Ma" mOve.
collect gu ns were l'heration
e a.nd the faun 1 "'ents e based On partial demand, will intenSify the cia"
cl~ss,the way to 1 ~"lruggl and increa" the ~olitical con'';ou,ne •• of over-
'Whelming ma"e. of the people. Ovenvhelming mas••• of
 LIBERATION

d the struggle CABBY FORWARD THE PEASANT STRUGGLE

84 . spired to m ake sacrificesments an f0 r partial
pea.sant s will be lDw areas. These moveunists mus t always 85
will sprea.d to ne forms but Comm f of struggle. road that h•• been taken in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaya,
take many h' her orm as Pbilippines, Burma, Indoneeia, Yemen, Leopoldville Congo
demands can .ty for a Ig to circulate
a ate the neceSSI ill it be pr9per In reality, and various other nations of Africa and Latin America. In
PUrno~e; no circumstances wthe peasan.ts adop~. ary politics India, too, the Nagas, the Mizos and the people of KaShmir
form olutIOn d have taken this path o( people's armed forces and the mIe
"best" v.:hatev~;1 always propaga.te r;:rmed !struggle a:
CommuDlsts WI . e the polItICS 0 . spite ot t IS of the liberation front. That is Wby the Working cIa"
among the peasants, 1. ~ollection. But lD ass deputatiops must firmly declare that it must lead the democratic
the campaign for g::ants may decide ~na; them. During revolution by firmly allying itself with its principal ally,
ropaganda the ~e '11be our duty to e of these mass the peasantry. The responsibility for organizing the
p d if tbey do so, ,t w, the effectivenese h e will draw peasant movement and tbe duty of taking the struggle to
an . d of white terror. . 'zed because t es the armed phase belongs to the Working class. The
the perlO t be mlDimi ts
deputations canno numbers of peasan . t wrong but to vanguard of the prOletariat mnst go to the couutryside tc
'nto the struggle r large omic demands are. no of economism partiCipate in armed struggle. This is the principal task of
,the proletariat.
' Movementalo econ ts with the techn~quethat economic
h movemen proclaIm se "Collection of arms and preparing rural base are ••••-this
. conduct t ese . also a crime to liticallorms bec.~
~ is proletarian politics, the politics of seizure of pOWer. The
is a crime. It IS mselves assume po. of spontaneIty,
struggles will?f t~e be the worshiPp~nt~ be travelled or Working class must be inspired by this POlitical ideology.
that would SImp y the people the pat imbue in the The ca]] to organize tbe workers into trade unions doea not
f these show . . t' nor do they tage of increase the Workera' political consciousness. Of COUrse
None 0 h ir viewpom , I At one s .
bring clarity to t e 'fice in the strugg e. W'thout carrYlDg this does not mean that We should not organize trade
spirit of saCrl lone task. 1 In this unions, but tbat tbe revolutionary Party cadres will not be
people a remains on y . her stage.
the struggle ther: cannot arrive at .80 .hIgof armed struggle confined to trade unionism. Their main t•• k will be to
. ou t the struggl. 1 tas k' IS the POlItICS
It funs Without the Spread within the Working class the politics of armed
epoch that sp~Cla f r the collection 0 ~ll ~ot arrive at a struggle and the campaign to collect guns and also to build
n up tbe Party organization. Political propaganda and the
d the campaIgn. °t k the struggle WI d organization
a erformance 0f thIS '11'as fact dislDtegr
. ate an explication of the importance of peasant struggles is also
p ·t w, m d
higher stage; road, the roo. the task of the Party among the middle classes. In short,
t g1
row. k only one . on all fronts the Party is reSPonsible for explaining the
'11cease 0 1 tion can ta e the formatIOn
w, In India tbe rev~ u the road that tra:erse~ 1905 Lenin importance of peasant struggles and inviting other forces
to join that struggle. We will arrive at the stage of
pointed out by ~:~';~rce and a ;repub;';~SSi~le, il not over
Conscious leaderShip of the democratic revolution to the
of a people'e a';.o to be joined wherev~s •..tnng has enricbe,d extent that We prOceed on this task.
wanted tbese t . Chairman Mao t' cs 01 the people s
the whole of RUSS~:d taught us the ~a~:rself. It is thie The Struggle Against Dogmatism
the Leninist wa~ h China. has liberate
war through whlC The OPPosition to tbis prinCipal Marxist-Leninist way
comes not only from the revisionists. The revisionists are
 LIBERATION

6 II bOIat·w n· , thus
8 k' the ro ad of classhco other
a 0 pposition e
.~ simply ta mg . mask. T e Tb y gIant 87
qm e Iemove tbe>' . d matists. e I Tbos wbo d'eam of tbe Indian 'eVOlution being C",Iied
it ia eaay to ea lIom tbe og !ution is on y
'thin the Party CO.ID d realize that revo. agine that out in the same mann., as tbe OctobeI Revolution ere
w, olntwn an B t they 'm f Ievolution",ie, but ~hei, doct'ina"e .tandpoint prevent.
the need fOI Ie: "med stIuggle. u I the ,pIeadiug 0
tbem fIom giving firm leaderebip to tbe st'uggle. Tb do
possible throug ly come about afte that small or
Ie can on d· Bef me, f not underetand tbe Signifioance of tbe peasant 'truggle ey
a,med,t,ugg thwughont In... h t the seiz",e 0
and, as a result, tbey nncon,ciously become propagandists
mass muvemen~s h may take place u couce,ned, they
for economism. Tbey "nnot appreciate tbe teacbings of
large amed cJa\;: So f" a, theY a::, Revolution to
Cbai'man Mao 0' tbe lessons of the Ievolutio struggles
powe' is not poss. ~reion of the Oc.o t nowledge abou~ nary
of the Asian, Aldcan and Latin American peoples. One
hope fo' a~othe;h:y apply thei, book~~~:', case w"h~ut e
Section of tbes people becomes the admire, of Che Guev",a
occu' in Ind,.. th t 'evolution to I b a'V Revolutwn
and does not st'ess the Work of o'ganizing the peasantry,
. the
It success of af get th.~ the Fe m d 'that thwugh
the principal Ievolution",y fO,"e in the Indian democratic
erations. They orO tober RevolutiDn ~nk 'p 'easants',
atook place be fo~e the t' cs and also t h e wo, e" Due , to the revolution. Aa a 'esuIt, they inevitahly fall into left· wing
OlSpar Ie t power. deviations. We mu~t Pay 'pecial attention to those persons
leaders h'Ip
and slOWly re.educate them tbrougb experience. • Under
.t the bourge . t came In 0 1
, , , So••e s king.c ass t
and soldiers . dual power, wor d when the pet y no cirCUmstances must We become intolerant of 'bem,
.
e»,tence of .thIS within the So.viets annded ove' pow er to e
Apart lIom tbes , tbe,e is anotber g'ouP of cOmIades
became effect.~e .th .n the Sov.ets h~ ible to ca"y
bourgeoIs. pa rties WIrking I class f au nd It pass wbo aCCept tbe Cbinese PartY'and the great Thought of
. r ts , the evolution.
wo l't of Mao Tse.tung as tbe only correct Way. But tbey consideI
the cap.ta" conc'e~e 'ea. y. "Row to be a Good Communist" as tbe only ladder for
out the OctobeI R t do no~ analyze the t uggles in Ind ••. self·cultivation and tbus fan into grave deviations. The
TheSe dogmat"
t s t leam lIom the • I . n ,evolution
only road to self,cultivation is the road of class struggle as
India and h ey do nothe success 0 f the RussIa
. of the um't ed
pointed Out by Lenin and Cbairmau Mao. Class struggle
.
The mam c ause for
pplication 0 f the tactIcs"e equal 1y ,"m- is tbe only scbool for COmmunists. A COmmunist Can
was the comct .a of the nni~ed f,on~ mocretic ,evolu. emerge PUIe only by going througb the fiames of class
fwnt. The ta~:w'nut tbe taotic, of t~: I:dia, the Nagas, struggle. We mUst evaluate OUr experience of tbo cIa"
portant m Indl"I'1take another form. t ggling under the strugglo in tbe ligbt of Marxism.Loninism, tbe Tbougbt of
. I ndia w, the Rashm"',
tion m .. "e.. "u In the democ Iatic
Mao Tse.tung and derive ou, lessons. Tbe central point
the Mizos, and tty bourgeoIsIe. rd by forIDmg a
. f the pe ve fOIwa . d about education in tbe P"'ty is the application of MarxiSm.
leadershIp 0 oletariat must mo "th the bourgeoIshan Leninism in tbe fiold of struggle to arrivo at general
Ievolubon. ~he p'
. h them and a,low.will b'eak 00. ~.eIsew e'e.
e,iali,t P'inciplea from tbat experience, and tben to take tbo
united fwnt :;~led stmggle, t~~h be tbe. ant'.',;t.. Iight Pdnciples enricbed by experience, baok to tbe. masses. se
petty' bo.u'f:, tbese all,.nce. elf·de~emina twn ,i gb~ to
The basIs the right for ~ t along wIth Tbi, is wbat is known as the principle of "from the peopfe
struggle
is acceptedand b y the proietaria ibe to thee peopfe," Tbat i"the main Point of Party eduootion.
secede.
Tbes reVOlutionary cOmIades do not realize this principal
point of Pa'ty edUcation and thus lal1 into idealist
88 LIBERATION

~eviations. Chairman Mao Tse-tung has taught us that

learning is impossible without practice. In his words,
"doing is itself learning." Self-improvement is only possible
Peasant Guerrilla Struggle In India
through the transformation of the circumstances by Becoming More Widespread
revolutionary practice.
evolutionaries of the world unite ! * Increased tempo in West Bengal
Long live the revolutionary unity of peasants and * Spreading to new areas in Bihar
workers!
Long live Ohairman Mao Tse-tung ! .LIKE a raging forest-fire the leaping, dancing flames of
the armed guerrilla struggle of the Indian peasants
have continued to engulf more and more areas of
India's countryside. The lackeys of U.S. imperialism,
social imperialism and Indian reaction-the white-
capped Congressite reactionaries like Chavan lD
New Delhi and Brahmananda Reddy in Andhra, the
kurta-dad bureaucrats of Bihar who run the State on
behalf of the President and th~ "non-Congress" assorted
reactionaries of the 'UF' brand in West Bengal like the
Gandhite Ajoy Mukherji and the anti-communist revisio-
nists like Jyoti Basu and Konar and Biswanath etc.-are
all worried. Managing the sordid dark rule of their
masters is increasingly becoming difficult for them. T,he
down-trodden peasant masses in rapidly increasing nnmbers
are refusing to accept death from starvation, to submit
meekly to the excruciating exploitation and oppression
of the feudal lords, or to be frightened and inti-
midated and bullied and maimed and killed by the police,
corrupt officials, bureaucrats, and the evil gentry. Led
by the Party of revolution-the CPI(M-L)-and inspired
and guided by the brilliant Mao Tsetung Thought, the
roused poor and landless peasants have taken up the red
weapon of guerrilla warfare and are/ resolutely smashing
the black fortress of feudal exploitation and oppression
and tearing into?'shreds the suffocating dark rule of the
four big mountains. The oppressed and exploited masses
90 LIBERATION
are jubilant, their hearts are filled with enthusiasm and
hope with every success scored by the peasant guerrillas.
And the ruling classes and their political managers are
filled with dismay, every new success of the peasant
guerrillas strikes terror in their hearts. Prospects for the
Indian people are infinitely bright, while those who exploit
and oppress them are daily nearing their total destruytion.
As the CPI (M-L) very correctly pointed out in its Political
Resolution the situation in India is "excellent." And it is
becoming better with every passing day. The following
reports of peasant guerrilla struggle in different parts of
the country point to its irresistible growth and continuing
development.
WEST BENGAL.: Frequent reports of peasant
guerrilla actions against despotic landlords and class
enemies with the support and active cooperation of the
broad peasant masses are pouring in from different parts
of the State.
On September 26, a group of 30 armed peasant guerrillas
raided the house of Nagen Senap~ti, a notorious jotedar
and usurer, in the village of Kancha-Amrasol under Gopi-
ballavpur P.S. in Midnapore district, annihilated him and
seriously injured his brother, and confiscated all his
property. The peasant revolutionaries carried out a
thorough investigation with the help of local people before
this action. This class enemy had cast his net of usurious
exploitation wide and owned about a hundred bighas of
good paddy field in this area and a big shop. This man,
a Congressite, cruelly oppressed and exploited the poor
people and took part in the meeting of the 'resistance
committee' set up by jotedars after the Dharampur incident
(see p. 53, "Liberation," October 1969) and cooperated
with them in their plan to kill the revolutionaries. The
poor people of this area were overwhelmed with joy when
news of the annihilation of their hated class enemy
reached them. On the other hand, it has struck terror in
PEASANT GUERRILLA STRUGGLE 91
the hearts of jotedars, usurers and evil gentry. For
instance, a jotedar owning 300 bighas of land sent
a messenger to the local organizing committee of the CPI
(M-L) after this annihilation begging them to spare his
life in return for his landed property. All the attempts of
the police to arrest the guerrillas have been frustrated by
the local people who are zealously protecting and helping
them.
On September 27 about 500 armed people including the
local guerrilla groups led by the CPI (M-L) raided the
house of Baishnab Ghose, a notorious local despot and
jotedar in the village Surmuhi under Baharagora P.S. in
Singhbhum district of Bihar adjacent to the Gopiballavpur
P.S. of Midnapur district, seized his hoarded rice, 400
maunds of paddy (he is the biggest wholesaler in rice trade
of this area), cloth (he owned the largest cloth shop of this
area), some cartidges and other articles and distributed the
rice, paddy, cloth among the poor people of Bishmouza,
destroyed his motor car and ransacked the house. Baishnab,
who fled to Jhargram before the raid, was later annihilated.
The poor people celebrated their victory in Baishnab's
house. When a party of ] 1 armed policemen arrived
at the place, 500 people-men, women and children,
from neighbouring villages assembled and chased the
policemen away. On ~eptember 29 a party of 185 armed
policemen, later reinforced by another 50 armed policemen,
raided the Surmuhi village and mercilessly beat up every
one they found and created a reign of terror. 150 people
were arrested, of whom 120 were later released after
inhuman beating up. But.all this repression only fanned
the flames of hatred and anger of the peasants against the
reactionary ruling classes and the exploiters.
On September 30, a peasant guerrilla unit of 5 men
annihilated a most hated class enemy Dasarathi Ghorui in
Kanthalia village under:.Gopiballavpur P.~.· He was a
jotedar (owned 160 bighas of land) and carried on largescale
 ?EASA~T GUERRILLA STRU~GLE 93
LIBERA'.rION
distributed among the poor an d landless peasants.
h'
92
IS papers relating to mort a e t All
usurious exploitation. He was going from one village to Some 2 000 g g e c. were also burnt
, peasants accompanied th" .
another to extort interests from the poor people when the participated' th" e guernlla unit and
10 IS raId, The man h
guerrillas attacked and killed him. The hatred of the escape, This act' d owever, managed to
IOn rouse great enth '
guerrillas against this class en,emy was so intense that poor and landless peasants. USIasm among the
they cut his body into three and chopped off his head
On October 13 th
which they later buried separately. The police has failed of a big despotIC j;teda: ~:~s::~r::~i~llas~ai~ed the house
to arrest even a single guerrilla, and arrested 9 innocent under Debra P S 'h'l t d ' an as 10 zone no. 9
, ' ., anm I a e hIm and ' I"
villagers on suspicion. There are 7 police camps in this hiS wife who tried to resist ,con fi scated some serIOus y mJured
area in addition to the 100 strong police force at the local dISocuments as well as h' t ' weapons and
sock of nce and 1
police station. The role of the so-called DF government h anded these over to th e II'
oca committee f mo
d' asses
, and
as the protector of feudal exploitation and oppression is and burnt all his pa pers re I'atmg to mort or Istnbution ,.
now clear before the people. also burned down his h t k ' gage etc, They
ays ac HIS daught
A remarkable thing about this incident is that the t o return all the pawned' ornaments to th er ' promised
( guerrilla unit was formed by a local peasant comrade and owners. This hated I elr respective-
c ass enemy n t I
the entire planning and execution of the action was done exploited the poor peasants d d'b ,0 on y ruthlessly
an a I aSls and g bb d '
by the peasant guerrillas themselves and on their own Iands by all sorts of t nc'k s b ut als I tt ra e theIr
initiative, under the guidance of the- local Party committee. drive out all the adibas' f' 0 p 0 ed secretly to-
IS rom the Debra P S
The campaign of annihilation of class enemies is assuming guerrilla action has brought ' . area. This
, waves of J'oy d
the form of a mass' movement in this area. The class Slasm among the loc a I popu I'atlOn and an enthu_
enemies are frightened to death. Some of them are trying among the jotedars who are fl' ' . created panic'
to use the state a~paratus to resist the guerrilla struggle and Kharagpur. ee10g to towns like Midnapur'
while some are writing to the local Party units, begging A notable feature of this act" .
mercy.
On September 27, a guerrilla unit led by the CPI(M-L)
annihilated Balaram Tiwari, a hated despotic jotedar
there is an armed police post
the jotedar's house y
::t
action was carried out smoothl . IOn, IS that the guerrilla,
:~Ite ~f the fact that
ew blghas away from
and usurer in Meitela village under Raghunathpur P.S. in
?n October 18, a guerrilla unit of 4 men
Purulia district. He had been exploiting and oppressing the agrIcultural labourer raided th h led by an,
, t d ' e ouse of at'
local peasants for a long period. This successful guerilla JOe ar Dwija Roy in Bhuin '11' no OrIOUS
action has greatly enthused the peasant masses while the Debra P.B., and annihilat::~' age ~n zone no. 10 under'
jotedars, usurers and other rural reactionaries have been the armed people of th 1m WIth the cooperation of
under police protection :n~r:a. tROIYcame to this house·
stricken with panic and fear. next morning . The're IS one as p I"0 eave
t" for the town tho,
On October 1, a peasant guerrilla unit led by the CPI BOICe s a~lOn a.nd two police
<:7
camps quite near his house
(M-L) raided the house of Kanailal Kuiti, a despotic by the guerrillas was tho;ou ut the ,myestlgation made
jotedar in Saldahri village in zone no. 3 under Debrs. P.S. carry out their action smoothl y.
gh and thIS IS why they could
(Midnapur district), seized his gun and some cartridges as
well as large quantities of rice and paddy, which were
 LIBERATION
94
A new consciousness and enthusiasm is noticed among
the poor and landless peasants who are coming from far
Statement of The Government of Th
away villages to contact the Party committee and the People's Republic of China e
guerrillas and request them to go and form guerrilla units
October 7, 1969
in their localities,
The peasants are preparing to harvest and seize the
.crops under the protection of their guerrilla units, They THE Chinese Government h as consistently ' st d f
nave already harvested the entire crops from a 5-bigha peace
th f ul settlement of th S"
e !DO-SOVIetbou d 00 or a
rough negotiations On M y ' nary question
Vlot of land in an area under Debra p,S,
Government issued a' stat a , 24, 1969, the Chinese
, emen t !D wh' h' .
BIHAR: The peasant armed struggle in Muza:ffarpur stand, In its statement th Ch' lC It reIterated this
, e !Dese Gov .
led by the CPI(M-L) has spread to Darbhanga district. .out that although the tr t' l' ernmentpo!Dted
Soviet bound:uy were ea leISre at~ng to the present Sino-
The first guerrilla unit formed in this district annihilated unequa treatIes '
fby tsarist Russian imper' I' . Imposed on China
,a notorious despot and big landlord V ,p, Balani in broad • Ia Ism !D th 1 tt h
19th century and the b ' , e a er aIf of the
( daylight in the afternoon of October 2" The annibilation eg!Dn!Dg of th 20 h
was done on the main thoroughfare and amidst intense 'power was in the hands 0f nel'th er the e Oh' t century when
th e Russian people th Oh' !DeSepeople nor .
patrolling by the police, This hated class enemy owned , e !Dese Gov t
1,~00 bigbas of land, His ruthless exploitation and !prepared to take these t t" ernman was still
-settlement of the S" rSea,leSas the basis for an overall
.oppression made the life of the peasants of 12 villages !DO- OVIet bounda '
miserable, He was a terror to them. He was the ,proposed that, pending a settlemen ry questIOn and
'border should be mainta' ddt, the Etatus quo of the
hell,d of the panchayat of this area and the local Congress !De an armed fl' t
boss, He was on close terms with Jana Sangh and otber It is regrettable that t th . con, lC s averted,
Ch' -. a e time thIS st d f
reactionary parties also, and had a powerful influence over 1
!Dese Government d'd I not meet with d an 0 the
'irom the Soviet G a ue response
the reactionary pohtics of the Darbhanga district, , overnment The S 't -,
The jubilation of the peasant masses knew no bounds Issued a statement on J' OVIe Government
R ' une 13 1969 d f d'
when' they heard the news that Balani had been annihi~ usslan imperialism and 'Ifli e, en !Dg tsarist

lated by the guerrillas.

The peasants of this area had been carrying on struggle
.against this class enemy for the last twenty years but the
traitorous leadership of the Socialist party and the Dange
I
,continued to carry out
the entire Sino-So ' t b

settlement of issues bgtItS

VIe order
-Government, procee'din from:
wII u y dandenng China, and
cease ess armed
Nev th 1
'
provocatIOns along
~r e ess, the Chinese
c,onslstent stand for the
.clique alv;ays brought defeat on the peaEants. Now they through peaceful neg t ,et""!een C~!Da and the Soviet Union
have rallied round the genuine revolutionary party-the Poli (Khabarovsk) to IhaI1odns, ,still sent its delegation to
.CPI(M-L) and begup to organize themselves under its o 0 WIth the S' ,
regular meeting of th S' , OVlet SIde the 15th
'leadership, e !DO-SOVIetJoi to' ,
Thousands of armed 'policemen are being sent to the J3 oundary River Na'vlga t'IOn as from Junn 18OmmlSSlOn d '
for
.countryside, big rewards have been declared for the arrest , e Chinese side de,· ur!Dg which
th ma e great efforts and overcame
(Oontinued on page 97)
 96 LIBERATION
numerous obstacles so that some agreements were finally
reached at the meeting.
After the Poli meeting, the Soviet side provoked a
fresh incident of bloodshed on the Sino-Soviet border and,
at the same time, falsely counter-charged CnlDa with
provocations on the border and insinuated even more
\ glaringly that China intended to launch a nuclear war
J against the Soviet Union.
China develops nuclear weapons for defence and for
breaking the nuclear monopoly. The Chinese Government.
has declared solemnly on many occasions that at no time
and under no circumstances will China be the first to use
nuclear weapons. It is both ridiculous and absurd to
vilify China as intending to launch a nuclear war. But at
1
the same time China will never be intimidated by war
threats, including nuclear war threats. Should a handful
of war maniacs dare to raid China's strategic sites in
defiance of world condemnation, that will be war, that
will be aggression, and the 700 million Chinese people
will rise up in resistance and use revolutic;mary war to
eliminate the war of aggression.
The responsibility for the development of the Sino-
Soviet boundary question to such an acute state does not.
at all rest with the Chinese side. The Chinese Govern-
ment has never demanded the return of the territory
tsarist Russia had annexed by means of the unequal
treaties, On the contrary, it is the Soviet Government
that has persisted in occupying still more Chinese territory
in violation of the stipulations of these treaties and,
moreover, peremptorily ·demanded that the Chinese-
Government recognize such occupation as legal. Precisely
because of the Soviet Government's persistence in its.
expansionist stand, many disputed areas have been created
along the Sino-Soviet border, and this has become the root.
cause of tension on the border,
The Chinese Government has never covered up the fact.
CHINA'S STATEMENT 97
that there exist irreconcilable differences of principle
between China and the Soviet Union and that the struggle
for principle between them will continue for a long period
of time. But this should not prevent China and the Soviet
Union from maintaining normal state relations on the
basis of the five principles of peaceful coexistence, The
Chinese Government has consistently held that the Sino-
Soviet boundary question should be settled peacefully and
that, even if it cannot be settled for the time being, the
status quo of the border should be maintained and there
should definitely be no resort to the use of force. There is
no reason whatsoever for ·China and the Soviet Union to
fight a war over the bounda.ry question.
On September 11, 1969, Premier Chou En-Iai met
Kosygin, Chairman. of the Council of Ministers' of the
USSR, in Peking and had an exchange of views with him
on the boundary question, trade and other questions in the
relations between the two countries. In view of the
repeated occurrence of armed~ conflicts along the Sino-
\ Soviet border, in order to truly and strictly maintain the
(Continued from page 94)
of CPI(M-L) workers, and warrants have been issued
against thousands of revolutionaries. But all this repres-
sion is having the opposite result; the revolutior:;ary
consciousness of the peasant masses and the revolutionary
activity of the Party workers are increasing, new guerrilla
units are being formed and peasant communists ate
emerging in the villages and thousands are coming forward
to join the guerrilla units.
On September 16, peasant masses forcibly occupied and
ploughed 20 bigha.s of land owned by a notorious landlord.
During this they raised slogans: "Long live Chairman
Mao Tsetung!" "Long live axalbari !" "Long live
armed revolution !" "Death to revisionism '" "Long
live the Communist Party of India. (Marxist-Leninist) "
L-Nov. 7
 98 LIBERATION
status quo of the border and avert armed conflicts the
Chinese side further proposed that the armed forces 0; the
Chinese and Soviet sides disengage by withdrawing from,
or refraining from entering, all the disputed areas along
the Sino Soviet border, that is, those areas where the two
sides disagree in their delineations of the boundary line on
the maps exchanged during the 1964 Sino-Soviet boundary
negotiations. In order to relax the situation along the
border between the two countries and enable the Sino-
Soviet boundary negotiations to be held free from any
threats, the Chinese side put forward the proposal that the
Chinese and Soviet sides first of aU reach an agreement on
the provisional measures for maintaining the status quo
of the border, for averting armed conflicts and for disenga-
gement. The Chinese Government ah'eady delivered an
official letter to the Soviet Government to this effect on
September 18, 1969. On October 6, 1969. the Chinese
Government reiterated this proposal in another official
letter to the Soviet Government.
The Chinese Government has always held that the
objective existence of questions concerning the Sino-
Soviet boundary should not be evaded and that in order to
settle these questions in ea,rnest, all.round negotiations
must be held. The Chinese Government and the Soviet
Government have now decided through discussion that
-negotiations are to be held in Peking between the Chinese
and Soviet sides on the Sino-Soviet boundary question' at
the level of vice-minister of foreign affairs. The date for
starting the negotiations is now under discussion.
The Sino-Soviet boundary question is a question of
. great concern to the Chinese and Soviet peoples and also a
question of concern' to the people of the ~orld. The
Chinese Government hopes that the Soviet Government
will truly ~ake a serious and responsible attitude towards
, this question.
-Hsinkua.
99
(Contiw/J..edfro'm page 82)
/ Military Called In
The arch revisionist renegade Jyoti Basu the Dy. Chief
.Minister and Police Minister of the West Bengal UF
government, has deployed two companies of Eastern
Frontier Rifles troops and some more armed policemen in
the. Debra P.S. to suppress the revolut.ionary Santhal
peasants of that area.
A few more armed police camps have been opened in
Gopiballavpur P.S. area.
Jyoti Basu has alECgiven orders to 'his police bosses to
arrest the Ccmmunist revolutionaries thrcughout the State.
•
Guerrilla Struggle Spreads to Murshidabad District
In the evening of October 7, a guerrilla unit composed
of landless and roor peasants raided the house of a
notorious despotic jotedar and usurer Ajit Chaudhury in
the village of Kendua under Farakka P.S. in Murshidabad
district and seriously injured him. Be became a supporter
of the Dangeites and the United Front and forcibly
harvested the crops of poor peasants. Only a fe~ days
before this he attacked and beat up a sharecropper.
At the time the guerrillas raided Choudhury's house
there were about fifteen armed goondas inside his house to
protect him. Though the guerrillas came to know of it
beforehand they were not worried about it and broke open
into the house. 'They had to break 'three strong doors by
axe before they could reach the second storey where the
jotedar had taken shelter. The goondas frightened at seeing
the angry mood of the guerrillas dispersed. After this action
the guerrillas raised the slogan: "Long liye Naxalbari !"
 LIBER.A'IIO:N

100
This gu."illo action h•• tr.m.ndously roused the 10e.1
p•••• ut m. '. They "med themselv.' .nd vigilontlY r
sse
gusrded the pl.ee wh.re the gu.nill" took .helte . :Even
common pe.s.nts are openlY w.rning the jo.ed." th.t
they would he .nnihiloted. Th. CPM revi,ioni,t. ten who
tri.d in verioue w.ye to demo relise .od thr •• the
pea.sants ha.ve nOWfledirom the place.
A r.merkJ>hl. thing .bout thi, guenin. action is that v
the poor and londle" pe••• nte them,elves took initi.ti •
and pl.nned .nd esrried out tbis .etion without tbe belp
of any petty bourgeois revolul ionary comrade.
( On Oetoher 2~, the pe."ut gu.rrillo' .nuihilot.d •
n
notoriou. re.etionery d.spot B.nkim Ksr. in the vil1.~.
01 B."h.1 und.r B.h.regore P.S in Biher. adjacent to
Gopih.\1&vpur P.S .• ree 01 We,t B.ngel. lIe w.e the
e
right-h. man 01the joted.r 01 the vill.g . A lew
th n d.ye
nd n
h.lore h. w••• nuihil.t.d h. h.d he.t. to de. • old
pe••• nt orgeni.er Ai.,war N.y.k with the belp 01polie•.
The gu. I.t oll two poor peae.nte who ,..r.
t with
rrillae
Kora • the tim. of the .nnihiletion. Ae • re.ul 01thie
th
.etionn tthe jot.dere hove h.en ,cared to de. and th.ir
.g.nto ere noWhe,iteting to eomelorword to their .id.
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