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Paper Reference(s)

6101/01 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology
Biology (Human) Question Leave
Number Blank

Advanced Subsidiary 1

Unit Test 1 2

Tuesday 3 June 2008 – Morning 3

4
Time: 1 hour
5
6
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Ruler Nil 7
8

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL EIGHT questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 60.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. The table below refers to four processes by which molecules can cross a cell surface
(plasma) membrane. If the statement is correct, place a tick (9) in the appropriate box
and if the statement is incorrect, place a cross (8) in the appropriate box.

Requires energy
Process Requires carrier proteins
in the form of ATP
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport Q1

(Total 4 marks)

2. Read through the following account on lipids, then write on the dotted lines the most
appropriate word or words to complete the account.

Lipids are insoluble in water because they are ..................................................... .

A triglyceride is one type of lipid. A triglyceride consists of one

.................................................... molecule with three .....................................................

molecules joined to it by ..................................................... bonds. Triglycerides

have important roles in living organisms, including waterproofing and

...................................................... Q2

(Total 5 marks)

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3. The table below refers to some cell structures. Complete the table by inserting the correct
word, words or diagram in the appropriate boxes. Leave the shaded grey boxes empty.

Name of cell structure Description of cell

Diagram of cell structure
structure

1. Darkly-stained region in
the nucleus.

2. Where ribosomal RNA is

made.
(1)

Centriole

(2)
1.

Lysosome 2.

(2)

1. Hollow cylinders made of

protein.

2. Form spindle fibres.

(1) Q3

(Total 6 marks)

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4. The photograph below shows some onion cells as seen using the high power of a light
microscope.

(a) In the space below, make an accurate drawing, enlarged ×2, of the cell labelled A.
Do not label your drawing.

(3)

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(b) All the onion cells have a cell surface (plasma) membrane. The diagram below shows
the structure of this membrane.

Proteins

Phospholipid
bilayer

Explain how the properties of phospholipids result in the formation of a bilayer.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q4

(Total 6 marks)

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5. The graphs below show changes in the DNA content of cells during the cell cycle in two
different plants, A and B.

Plant A

6–
DNA content in each
cell / arbitrary units

3–
–

–
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Time / hours

Plant B

6±
DNA content in each
cell / arbitrary units

3±
±

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Time / hours

(a) Compare the cell cycle of plant A with the cell cycle of plant B.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(b) The DNA content of the cells of plant A doubles between 4 and 8 hours. Give an
explanation for this change in DNA content.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Describe the events that are occurring inside the cells of plant A between 11 and 13
hours.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2) Q5

(Total 7 marks)

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6. (a) A student tested separate samples of solutions A and B with Benedict’s reagent, biuret
reagent and iodine solution. A third solution (solution C) was tested with Benedict’s
reagent only.
The colours obtained after each test are shown in the table below.

Colour of sample after testing with

Solution
Benedict’s reagent Biuret reagent Iodine solution
A Blue Blue Blue-black
B Brick red Blue Orange
C Green Not tested Not tested

(i) State the conclusions that the student can make about the contents of solutions A
and B, using information from all three tests.

Solution A

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Solution B

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) A fresh sample of solution A was boiled with dilute acid, neutralised and then
heated with Benedict’s reagent. A brick red colour was obtained.
Give an explanation for this result.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Suggest a reason why the result is brick red for solution B but green for
solution C when tested with Benedict’s reagent.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b) Describe how you would use biuret reagent to test two solutions of the same protein
to find out which contains the higher concentration of protein.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q6

(Total 8 marks)

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7. The diagram below shows some cell structures involved in protein synthesis in eukaryotic
cells.
Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(a) Describe the events that occur inside the nucleus to produce a molecule of messenger
RNA (mRNA).

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(4)
(b) Describe the role of the ribosomes in protein synthesis.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(c) The table below gives some of the base triplets on DNA that code for some amino
acids and stop signals.

Base triplet on DNA Amino acid / stop signal

CCC Glycine
AAA or AAG Phenylalanine
AGA or AGC Serine
GCG Arginine
TTT Lysine
ATT or ATC or ACT Stop signal

The diagram below shows the five base triplets of a gene, labelled T1 to T5, and the
complementary messenger RNA (mRNA).

The sequence of amino acids at the end of the protein produced is also shown.

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Last part of the
CCC GCG AGC TTT
DNA strand:

Complementary
mRNA:

Amino acid
Glycine – – –
sequence:

(i) Write in the codons found on the mRNA complementary to the base triplets T1,
T2, T3 and T4 on the diagram above.
(2)

(ii) Using the information in the table, complete the amino acid sequence shown in
the diagram above. The first one has been done for you.
(2)

(iii) Use the information in the table to suggest a base triplet for T5, on the DNA
molecule.

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q7

(Total 12 marks)

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8. (a) Enzymes used in commercial processes are often in an immobilised form. The
enzymes are attached to, or trapped in, an insoluble material.

(i) Explain two advantages of using immobilised enzymes in commercial

processes.

1 .............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(4)

(ii) Describe the uses of immobilised lactase.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(b) Cyanide is a poison found in some industrial waste.

Cyanide can be removed from waste by using an enzyme called cyanidase which
converts the cyanide into formic acid. The enzyme is usually used in an immobilised
form by trapping it in a gel or in beads.

The graph below shows the results of measuring the production of formic acid using
immobilised cyanidase and using cyanidase in solution (not immobilised).

0.35 ±
Cyanidase in
solution
0.30 ±
Immobilised
cyanidase
0.25 ±
stinu yrartibra / dica cimrof
fo noitartnecnoC

0.20 ±

0.15 ±

0.10 ±

0.05 ±

0±
±

0 20 40 60 80 100
Time / minutes

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(i) Describe the production of formic acid using cyanidase in solution.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii) Suggest why the rate of reaction is lower when cyanidase is immobilised.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2) Q8

(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

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