PEMBIMBING RAKAN

SEBAYA KIMIA 2008

TARIKH : 1 APRIL 2008 (SELASA)
TEMPAT : SEK MEN TEKNIK
KEMAMAN

NAMA :………………………………………………………………….

KELAS :………………………..

ANJURAN:
PANITIA KIMIA
SMaTKem
 MODUL 1

CHEMICAL
FORMULAE AND
EQUATIONS

2
Chemical Formulae

1. Write the symbol for the element.

No. ELEMENT SYMBOL No. ELEMENT SYMBOL

1. Hydrogen 21 Sodium
2. Helium 22 Magnesium
3. Lithium 23 Aluminum
4. Beryllium 24 Silicon
5. Boron 25 Phosphorus
6. Carbon 26 Sulfur
7. Nitrogen 27 Chlorine
8. Oxygen 28 Argon
9. Fluorine 29 Potassium
10. Neon 30 Calcium
11. Vanadium 31 Nickel
12. Chromium 32 Cuprum
13. Manganese 33 Zink
14. Iron 34 Silver
15. Cobalt 35 Tin
16 Bromine 36 Barium
17 Iodine 37 Rubidium
18 Platinum 38 Krypton
19 Aurum 39 Xenon
20 Lead 40 Mercury

2. Write the ionic formulae of the ions.

NO ION FORMULA NO ION FORMULA

1. Lithium ion 17 Oxide ion
2. Sodium ion 18 Bromide ion

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 3. Magnesium ion 19 Chloride ion
4. Potassium ion 20 Iodide ion
5. Calcium ion 21 Hydroxide ion
6. Aluminum ion 22 Sulphate ion
7. Iron (III) ion 23 Fluoride ion
8. Zinc ion 24 Nitrate ion
9. Copper (II) ion 25 Carbonate ion
10. Ammonium ion 26 Phosphate ion
11. Iron (II) ion
12. Tin ion
13. Lead(II) ion
14. Barium ion
15. Hydrogen ion
16. Silver ion

3. Write the chemical formulae of the substances below:

NO SUBSTANCE CHEMICAL NO SUBSTANCE CHEMICAL

FORMULA FORMULA
1. Calcium carbonate 17 Silver nitrate
2. Magnesium nitrate 18 Potassium nitrate
3. Copper(II) sulphate 19 Sodium carbonate
4. Zink chloride 20 Sodium sulphate
5. Sodium hydroxide 21 Lead(II) iodide
6. Magnesium oxide 22 Lead(II) nitrate
7. Magnesium 23 Potassium nitrate
chloride
8. Barium hydroxide 24 Potassium hydroxide
9. Barium sulphate 25 Calcium chloride
10. Copper(II) 26 Copper (II) sulphate

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 carbonate
11. Iron(II) oxide 27 Hydrochloric acid
12. Iron(III) oxide 28 Sulphuric acid
13. Zink nitrate 29 Nitric acid
14. Ammonium 30 Calcium carbonate
chloride
15. Ammonium 31 Carbon dioxide
sulphate
16. Potassium sulphate 32 Ammonia

WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

 A chemical equation must be balanced

 Make sure there always be the same number of atoms of each element on both side of
the equation

REACTANTS → PRODUCTS

Example
1. Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and
hydrogen gas. Write an equation to represent the reaction.

Step 1 : Write the correct chemical formula for each reactant and product

Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2

Step 2 : Balance the equation. Adjust the coefficients in front of the chemical
formulae and not the subscripts in the formulae.

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

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2. Sulphuric acid reacts with copper (II) oxide powder to produce copper (II) sulphate
and water.

3. Calcium carbonate decomposed to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas.

Chemical Equation

1. Write chemical equation that represent the reaction below :

(a) Zinc + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + hydrogen

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Copper(II) carbonate + hydrochloric acid copper(II) chloride + water

+ carbon dioxide

………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c ) Lead(II) nitrate + Potassium iodide lead(II) iodide + potassium nitrate

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid potassium sulphate + water

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(e) Magnesium + copper(II) sulphate copper + magnesium sulphate

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) Burning of magnesium in air

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(g) Magnesium react with sulfuric acid

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(h) Sodium react with oxygen

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(i) Sodium carbonate react with hydrochloric acid

……………………………………………………………………………………

(j) Reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

………………………………………………………………………………………

MODUL 2

7
 SOLVING NUMERICAL
PROBLEMS INVOLVING
CHEMICAL EQUATION

Things to remember !!!

(A)

IONIC FORMULAE

Cations Anions
(+) (-)

Mass ( g )
(B) No. of moles =
Molarmass

(C) No. of particles = No. of moles x NA

(D) Volume of gas = No. of moles x Molar volume

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 MV
(E) No. of moles =
1000

Notes

(i) Molar mass = relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass of the substance

(ii) NA = Avogadro constant, 6.02 x 1023

(iii) Molar volume = 22.4 dm3 at STP or 24 dm3 at room conditions

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Step 1 : Write a balanced chemical equation
Step 2 : Identify substances involved in the calculation, A and B
Step 3 : Convert the given information (mass/volume of gas/number of particles) of A
into the number of moles
Step 4 : Compare the mole ratio of A and B from the chemical equation
Step 5 : Calculate the number of moles of B based on the mole ratio in the equation
Step 6 : Convert the number of moles of B to the unit required in the question

EXAMPLE 1
Calculate the mass of zinc required to react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 6
dm3 of hydrogen gas at room conditions. [RAM: Zn,65; Cl,35.5; Molar volume: 24
dm3mol-1 at room conditions]

Step 1 : Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Step 2 : mass? 6 dm3

Step 3 : No. of moles of H2 = 6 dm3

24 dm3

= 0.25 mol
Step 4 : 1 mol of H2 ≡ 1 mol of Zn

Step 5 : 0.25 mol of H ≡ 0.25 mol of Zn

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Step 6 : Mass of Zn = 0.25 x 65
= 16.25 g

EXAMPLE 2
0.46 g of sodium burns completely in chlorine gas at room conditions. Find the volume of
chlorine gas. [RAM: Na, 23; Molar volume: 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]

Step 1 : 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

Step 2 : 0.46g volume?

Step 3 : No. of moles of Na = 0.46

23
= 0.02 mol

Step 4 : 2 mol of Na ≡ 1 mol of Cl2

Step 5 : 0.02 mol of Na ≡ 0.01 mol of Cl2

Step 6 : Volume of Cl2 = 0.01 x 24 = 0.24 dm3

EXERCISES
1. CuCO3 → CuO + CO2
Copper (II) carbonate is decomposed when heated strongly as shown in the equation
above. Find the mass of copper (II) oxide formed when 12.4 g of copper (II)
carbonate is heated completely. [RAM: Cu,64; O,16; C,12]

2. 720 cm3 of propane gas burns in excess oxygen at STP. Find the mass of carbon
dioxide formed. [RAM: C,12; H,1; O,16]

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3. Excess calcium carbonate reacts with 25 cm3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released at room conditions. [Molar
volume: 24 mol dm-3 at room conditions]

4. H2O2 → H2O + O2
(i) Balance the equation above.
(ii) Find the number of moles of H2O2 that decomposes if 11.2 dm3 oxygen gas is
collected at STP. [RAM: H,1; O, 16; Molar volume : 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at STP]

5. The following equation is not balanced.

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + NaCl
(a) Identify the reactants and products of the reaction.

(b) Balance the equation. Then, calculate

(i) the number of moles of sodium sulphate that react completely with a
solution containing 2.08 g of barium chloride

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(ii) the mass of barium sulphate formed when 1 mol of sodium sulphate is
reacted with 1 mol of barium chloride

12