HISTOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Viloria

GAMETOGENESIS Formation of gamtes involving a special process of cell division called MEIOSIS controlled by FSH & LH the growth of a primordial follicle to full maturity takes about 1014 days STAGES: o Primordial single/simple flat cells o Unilaminar primary follicle simple cuboidal o Multilaminar primary follicle stratified cuboidal o Antral follicle many anthral o Mature (graafian follicle) With only one anthrum Only one space OOGENESIS primordial germ cells GONAD (week 4) & differentiation into OOGONIA primary oocytes (thru MEIOSIS) th all primary oocytes formed by 5 month of fetal life remain dormant until puberty NO oogonia present at birth o Primary follicle until birth o Secondary follicle once the graafian follicle mature After puberty, Primary Oocyte completes meiosis st o Secondary oocyte & 1 polar body Secondary oocyte meiosis II o Remain arrested until fertilization occurs At fertilization already completes meiosis II nd o Mature oocyte & 2 polar body Primary oocytes with: o 7 million @ 5 months of fetal life o 2M @ birth o 40,000 @ puberty Secondary oocytes o 12 are ovulated/ year o 480 over the entire life (40 y/o x 12) The CORPUS LUTEUM secretes both estrogen & progesterone o Progesterone induces changes in the uterine endometrium (secretory phase), in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized ovum & inhibit spontaneous contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus so that gestation can be maintained. CORPUS ALBICANS o A hyaline scar resulting from the degeneration of the corpus letuem Notes: Zona pellucida serve as attachment for the sperm Membrane: o Anthrum o Glomerulosa o Basement membrane o Theca interna estrogen EGBautistaII

Theca externa assumes the cell of stroma

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OVARIAN & UTERINE CYCLE 1. The proliferative/ estrogenic extends from about day 4-14 of cycle 2. The secretory, progestational, or luteal phase constitutes days 15-28 of the cycle 3. The menstrual cycle Notes: (2) arteries that supplies the uterine lumen epithelium o Spiral/coiled artery supplies functionalis o Straight/ artery supplies basalis portion of uterus CHROMOSOME PLOIDY - # of chromosomes in the cell N number amount of DNA in a cell Somatic cells & primordial germ cells o 46 chromosomes/ 2N amt of MEIOSIS Specialized process of cell division that occurs only in the production of gametes Consists of (2) divisions: o MEIOSIS I results to formation of 2 secondary gametocytes (23 pairs chromosomes, 2N) o MEIOSIS II results to formation of 4 gamtes (23 chromosomes, N) SPERMATOGENESIS Fetal life until old age Puberty until old age Reduction & equal Always take place & completed Present 4 sperm cells OOGENESIS Fetal life until menopause Fetal life until birth Reduction & unequal Not always completed Absent 1 egg cell

The oviduct possess highly specialized, flared terminal portions INFUNDIBULUM w/c bears long extension of the mucosa termed FIMBRIAE w/c sweep over the surface of the ovary, the ovulated oocyte within its mass is transported by means of ciliary action along the surface of the fibriae toward OSTIUM or opening at the oviduct. OSTIUM leads to the second portion of the oviduct, the AMPULLA, w/c is the ducts dilated portion where fertilization occurs. A constricted ISTHMIC portion joins the ampulla to the uterine wall; the length of the oviducts that passes through the wall of the uterus is termed INTRAMURAL The epithelium lining of the oviduct Simple columnar o Usually ciliated o Peristaltic action of oviduct facilitaes transport of oocyte

OVIDUCT LE: Simple columnar epithelium w/ cilia o If without cilia PEG cell (only nourish ovum) o LP: fusiform cells & some lymphocytes, mono, mast c. T Muscularis: IC-OL Serous coat: Loose connective tissue UTERUS pear shape 1. Endometrium simple columnar & secretory cells Lamina propia simple branched tubular gland called uterine/endometrial gland Endometrium is composed of superficial portion FUNCTIONALIS (w/c sloughs off) & deeper portion BASALIS. 2. Myometrium 3 layers may be distuinguished: Stratum SUBVASCULARE inner muscular layer w/ fibers running longitudinally Stratum VASCULARE middle layer w/ fibers running circularly & numerous blood vessels Stratum SUPRAVASCULARE outer layer composed of both circular & longitudinal fiber 3. Perimetrium The perotineal layer of broad ligament Consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells CERVIX Composed of (2) portions: 1. ENDOcervix LE: simple columnar mucus secreting epithelium w/ basla nuclei Mucosa w/ branching folds called PLICA PALMITAE LP: cervical glands (simple branched tubular gland) o This gland can be blocked called NABOTHIAN cyst 2. EXOcervix LE: Stratified squamous non keratinized (vagina) This borderline can be found at external OS of cervix

Scope Growth & differentiation Meiosis I Meiosis II Transformation Gametes formed

CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS TRISOMY 21 (Down Syndrome) assoc. w/ advance maternal age ACHONDROPLASIA (retarded bone growth) assoc. w/ advance paternal age. In normal meiosis, disjunction occurs as a result, gamtes with 23 single chromosomes are produced In nondisjunction abnormal gametes are produced; either 24 or 22 single chromosomes are produced o Fertilization between normal gamete & abnormal gamete o Ex. 23 + 24 = 47 (Trisomy) KLINEFELTEERs syndrome 47XXY TURNERs syndrome 45, XO

VAGINA LE: SSNKE and LP: loose connective tissue It is devoid of glands lubricating fluid is from the cervical g. T. adventitia:loose connective tissue EXTERNAL GENITALIA p.53 Clitoris Penis Vestibular glands Littre g. (male urethra) Bartholins g. bulbourethral g.

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