THE PASSIVES

Tenses Active Structure Passive

The Present Cont.T. He is washing the car.
The Simple Present T. He washes the car.
The Past Continuous T. He was washing the car.
The Simple Past T. He washed the car.
The Present Perfect T. He has washed the car.
The Past Perfect T. He had washed the car.
He will wash the car.
The Future T.
He is going to wash the car.
am/is/are +being +V3 The car is being washed.
Am/is/are +V3 The car is washed.
was/were + being +V3 The car was being washed.
Was/were +V3 The car was washed.
have/has +been +V3 The car has been washed.
had +been +V3 The car had been washed.
will/shall +be +V3 The car will be washed.
be going to +be +V3 The car is going to be washed.

Modals(Present) He can wash the car. can +be +V3 The car can be washed.
Modals (Past) He must have washed car. must +have +been +V3 The car must have been washed.

Etken bir fiilin (active), edilgen bir fiile
(passive) dönüştürebilmemiz için o fiilin geçişli
olması gerekir. Yani o fiilin bir nesnesinin
olması gerekir.
1) Forming the passive
Active: He(Özne) is washing(Fiil) the car(Nesne).
Passive: The car(Özne) is being washed (Fiil) by
him(nesne).
Passive’lerde dikkat edilecekler ! :
a) Cümlede “by” kelimesinin olup
olmadığına,
b) Zaman zarflarına,
c) Özne ile fiil arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat
edilecek.
2) Indirect Objects As Passive Subjects
Bazı fiiller iki nesne alırlar. Bunlar;
1)Indirect Objects(IO), 2) Direct
Objects(DO)’dir.
→ Act: My father gave me(IO) some
money(DO).
My father gave some money(DO) to me(IO).
Pass1: I was given some money by my father.
Pass2: Some money was given to me by my
father.
* bu iki passive cümlenin anlamları aynıdır.
3) Stative Passive
İngilizce’de fiillerin 3. halleri bazı cümlelerde
sıfat gibi işlev görürler. Bu cümleler yapı olarak
passive olmalarına rağmen kullanılan Past
Participle (V3) eylemin nasıl yapıldığını ya da
kim tarafından yapıldığını ifade etmez.
Yalnızca bir ismi tanımlarlar. Yani bir nesnenin
ya da kişinin durumunu ifade ederler.
→ The door is white.
The door is broken.
Stative Passive with Prepositions
Bu fiiller çoğunluklabir edat ile birlikte
kullanılırlar.
→ I’m interested in folk music.
→ She is married to an American.
4) The Passive with “Get”
Bazı sıfatları “get” ile kullanarak onları durum
bildiren bir yapıdan eylem bildiren bir yapıya
dönüştürebiliriz.
→ My jeans were wet.
My jeans got wet.
* “annoy, please, surprise, frighten” gibi fiillerin
aktif biçimleri “kızdırmak, memnun etmek,
şaşırtmak, korkutmak” tır. Eğer bunları
“kızmak, memnun olmak, şaşırmak, korkmak
anlamında, kullanmak isitiyorsak
“be + past participle (V3)” ya da
“get + past participle (V3) yapısıyla
kullanmamız gerekir.
By phrase or another prepositions
Bazu cümlelerde eylemi yapan kişinin yanı
sıra, eylemin hangi araçla yapıldığını da ifade
etmek isteriz. Eylemi yapan kişiyi “by” ifade
ederiz. Eylemi yapmak için kullanılan aracı ise
“with, in, on” gibi o sözcüğün kendine özgü
edatı ile ifade ederiz.
→ Act: He chopped the wood with an axe.
Pass: The wood was chopped with an axe by
him.
5) Passive with Gerunds
→ Act: I hate someone laughing at me.
Pass: I hate being laughed at.
→ Act: They don’t allow the students to take
books out from the library.
Pass: They don’t allow books to be taken out
from the library.
6) It is said that … / He is said to
* Bu kalıplarda altı çizili olan kısımlar sabit Pass2: The rate of exchange is expected to go
olup, asla değişmemektedirler ve her zaman down soon.
cümlede bulunurlar. Geri kalan kısımlar özneye
gore değişiklik gösterebilir. I) Present Passive
→ Act: People say that a lot of electrical
a) Present “be” (am, is, are) appliances are stolen.
→ Act: People say that the man upstairs is a Pass1: It is said that a lot of electrical
thief. appliances are stolen.
Pass1: It is said that the manuscripts is a thief. Pass2: a lot of electrical appliances are said to
Pass2: The man upstairs is said to be a thief. be stolen everyday.

b) Simple Present i) Past Passive

→ Act: People say that that Mary lives in → Act: They report that two people were killed
Malatya. in the explosion.
Pass1: It is said that Mary lives in Malatya. Pass1: It is reported that two people were
Pass2: Mary is said to live in Malatya. killed in the explosion.
Pass2: Two people are reported to have been
c) Past (be) “was/were” killed in the explosion.
→ Act: They claim that he was very rich in the
past.
Pass1: It is claimed that he was very rich in the
past.
Pass2: He is claimed to have been very rich in
the past.

d) Simple Past
→Act: They claim that she left the country two
weeks ago.
Pass1: It is claimed that she left the country
two weeks ago.
Pass2: She is claimed to have left the country
two weeks ago.

e) Present Perfect
→Act: People think that he has deserted his
family for two weeks.
Pass1: It is thought that he has deserted his
family for two weeks.
Pass2: He is though to have deserted his
family for two weeks.

f) Present Continuous
→Act: We think that she is waiting there now.
Pass1: It is thought that she is waiting there
now.
Pass2: She is thought to be waiting there now.

g) Past Continuous
→Act: People say that he was working very
hard.
Pass1: It is said that he was working very hard.
Pass2: He is said to have been working very
hard.

h) Future Tense
→ Act: People expect that the rate of
exchange will go down soon.
Pass1: It is expect that the rate of exchange
will go down soon.