Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

Midterm Exam Physics B: FyBNVC07 Circular-Rotational Motion, Energy and Linear Momentum
Instructions: The Test Warning! There are more than one version of the test. At the end of each problem a maximum point which one may get for a correct solution of the problem is given. (2/3/) means 2 G points, 3 VG points and an MVG quality. Tools Approved formula sheets, ruler, and graphic calculator. You may use one page of a personalized formula sheet which has your name on it. This should be submitted along with the test. 8:00-10:20

Time:

Grade limits: There are two alternatives to choose. This regards the last problem. The original test: maximum of 55 points of which 22 are VG points, and 5 points. The alternative test: maximum of 44 points of which 16 are VG points. points. Lower limits for examination grade Pass (G): 18 points Pass with distinction (VG): 37 points of which at least 7 VG-points Pass with special distinction (MVG): 40 points of which at least 16 VG-points and you must show several Pass with Special Distinction qualities in at least three of -marked qualities. Problems number 9 and 10are heavily graded and are of greatest importance for both VG and MVG. You need at least one hour to solve these problems completely. You may choose to solve these problems before solving the others.

Problem G VG G VG Problem G VG MVG G VG MVG

1a 2

1b 1

1c 1

1d 1

1e 1

2 3

3 3

4 1

5a 1

5b 1

5c

6 1 3

7a 2

7b 1

7c 1

7d 1 1

8 3

9 4 6

10 4 6

Sum G VG MVG 25 19 37 40 25 8 18 6

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

At which of the indicated positions A E the satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit 1 a. experiences the greatest gravitational force? Why? Draw the direction of the force on the satellite at the point as clear as possible. [2/0] have the greatest velocity? Why? [1/0]
E

C
B

D A

b. c. d. e.

have the greatest acceleration? Why? [1/0] have the greatest total energy? have the greatest potential energy? Why? [1/0] [0/1]

Suggested solution: M Mass of the Earth ; mS Mass of the Satellite ; r CM - CM_Earth - Satellite distance ; v Instanetneous Tangential Velocity of the Satellite ; a. Answer: The satellite experiences the greatest D gravitational force at the position D . This is due to the fact that the satellite is closest to the Earth at D , and according to the Newtons Universal Gravitational law the satellite experiences the force: M mS F =G . r2 Therefore, the smaller r is the larger the force is. [2/0] Answer: At the position D the satellite is moving fastest. This is due to Keplers second law. We may also drive the same conclusion realising that according to Newtons second law: M mS v2 = mS G r r2 M v= G r Therefore, the smaller r is the larger the force is. [1/0]

b.

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

c.

Answer: At the position D the satellite has its largest possible centripetal acceleration: M mS G = mS a r r2 M ar = G 2 [1/0] r Answer: Satellite total Energy is constant. It is the same at all points on the orbit. M mS 1 Etot = G + mS v 2 [1/0] r 2 Answer: The greatest potential energy of the satellite is at the position A . This is due to the fact that the gravitational potential M mS energy of the system is given by: E PE = G r Note that it is negative. The further the satellite is it is less negative, and therefore largest. On the other hand we may us the concept of conservation of energy to statement above. Further the satellite is smaller its velocity, and its kinetic energy is. Therefore due to the fact that satellites velocity is smallest at the position A its potential energy is largest at A . [0/1] Alternative solution: E = E PE + E KE Since E is constant. E PE is its largest when E KE is smallest, i.e. the point A . Using Newtons Universal Gravitational law derive Keplers third law. [0/3]

d.

e.

3 Similarly, for the planet number two: (TP 2 ) GM = 4 2 rP 2 2

(2 rP1 ) 2 rP1 2 The period of any planet is TP1 = . Therefore: (TP1 ) = v v2 (2 rP1 )2 : (T )2 = (2 rP1 )2 M 2 2 Substitute v = G in (TP1 ) = [0/1] P1 M rP1 v2 G rP1 (TP1 )2 G M = (2 rP1 )2 (TP1 )2 GM = rP1 (2 rP1 )2 (TP1 )2 GM = 4 2 rP31 rP1
2

Keplers third law: The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets revolving about the Sun is equal to the cubes of their mean distances from the Sun. M M mP1 v2 = mP1 [0/1] Suggested solution: G v2 = G 2 rP1 rP1 rP1

Dividing these two equations leads to:

(TP1 )2 GM (TP 2 )2 GM

3 4 2 rP1 3 4 2 rP 2

(TP1 )2 (TP 2 )2

T r r3 = P1 P1 = P1 3 T r rP 2 P 2 P1

Keplers Third Law

[0/1]

QED

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

Find the speed at which the Earth revolves about the Sun. You may assume that Earths orbit is nearly circular, and the speed of the rotation Earth about the Sun is almost constant. M Earth = 5.98 10 24 kg ; M Sun = 1.99 10 30 kg ,
rSun -Earth = 149.6 10 6 km ; G = 6.67 10 11 N m 2 / KG 2

[3/0]

Suggested solution: M M M M v2 G S 2 E = ME v 2 = G S v = G S [1/0] rE S rE S rE S rE S

v= G
v= G

MS 1.99 1030 = 6.67 10 11 = 8.87 108 = 2.98 10 4 m / s rE S 149.6 109

MS = 2.98 10 4 m / s rE S

[1/0] [1/0]

Second Method: The period of any planet is TE =

2 rE S 2 rE S . Therefore: v = v TE

[1/0] [1/0]

v=
4

2 rE S 2 149.6 109 = = 2.98 10 4 m / s TE 365.25 24 3600

" Knocked off " You are standing on a log and a friend is trying to knock you off. He throws the ball at you. You can catch it, or you can let it bounce off of you. Which is more likely to topple you, catching the ball or letting it bounce off? Why? Explain. [1/1]

Suggested solution: I should try to catch it! If the ball is moving horizontally at vb m / s just before catching it, and its mass is m kg , and my mass is M m / s , and I am at rest standing on a long If I catch it, my recoil velocity may be calculated using conservation of the linear momentum: mvb = (m + M ) vcatch m v= v m/ s [1/0] (m + M ) b If I let the ball bounce off me, and if I assume it bounce off at vb 2 m / s , my recoil velocity is going to increase. Conservation of linear momentum requires that: mvb = M v mvb 2

M v = mvb + mvb 2 = m(vb + vb 2 ) m v = (vb + vb 2 ) M

m m > , and vb + vb 2 > vb if I let the ball to bounce off me M (m + M ) then I may be knocked off! [0/1]
Due to the fact that
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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

A paratrooper whose chute fails to open lands to an open land in snow. She is injured vaguely. If she had landed on a solid ground, stopping time would be more than 10 folds shorter and she would die. Does the presence of snow increase, decrease, or leave unchanged the value of a. the paratroopers change in momentum. Why? [1/0] b. the force stopping the paratrooper? [1/0] c. the impulse on the paratrooper. Why? [0/1] Suggested solutions: a. The presence of snow leaves unchanged the paratroopers change in momentum. The reason is the fact that the initial velocity and final velocity of the paratrooper are identical in both cases. She stops anyway and the change in the momentum is just P2 P1 = 0 mv . [1/0] b. The presence of snow decreases the force stopping the paratrooper. It takes longer time for her to stop and the force on her is much less: i.e. the force is more than 10 times smaller in landing on snow. [1/0] c. The presence of snow leaves unchanged the impulse on the paratrooper. The impulse that stops her is exactly equal to the change of her linear momentum and that is: I = P2 P1 = 0 mv . [0/1] 6 Tarzan whose mass is 105 kg swinging in an arc from a hanging 10.0 m vine (rope). If his arms are capable of exerting a maximum force of 1.90 kN on the vine, calculate the maximum speed he can tolerate in swinging. [1/3]

Suggested solution: Answer: vmax 9.10 m / s Data: m = 105 kg , r = 10.0 m , FT ,max = 1.90 kN ; Problem:

vmax = ?
At its lowest point the tension is the maximum on the vine. Free-body-diagram of the situation is shown on the figure. Newtons equation of motion requires that: r r FT ,max = 1900 N F = ma FT mg = maC

ac
vmax = ?

FT mg = m
2

v r

[1/0]

F v = T g r m F v2 = T g r m

mg
[1/0] Free-body-diagram [0/1] [1/0]

F 1900 vmax = T ,max g r vmax = 9.8 10 vmax = 82.95 9.10 m / s 105 m

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

An ice-hockey puck is 160 g and is moving at 15 m / s . Magnus stroke the puck with a club. The force that the club transfers to the puck is illustrated below as a function of the time. a. b. Calculate the impulse transferred to the club. [2/0] Calculate the velocity of the puck after the stroke, if the hit is in the opposite direction of the original motion of the puck. [1/0]
100

c.

Calculate the velocity of the puck after the stroke, if the hit is in the direction of the original motion of the puck. [1/0] Calculate the velocity of the puck after the stroke, if the hit is normal to the direction of the original motion of the puck. [1/1]

80 60 40 20 0 0,00

d.

F (N)

0,02

0,04 t (s)

0,06

0,08

0,10

m , b: v2 16 m / s ; s c: v2 36 m / s , d: v2 35 m / s at 64 with +x-axis Data: m = 160 g = 0.16 kg , v1 = 15 m / s a. Answer: The impulse transferred to the puck is: I = 5 N s The impulse transferred by the club to the puck is the area under the curve of force vs. time graph. It may be estimated as the area of a triangle whose base is 0.1 s and its height is 100 N . Therefore, the impulse transferred to the puck is: I = 5 N m m 1 I = (100 N )(0.1 s ) = 5 N m = 5 kg [2/0] 2 s b. Answer: If the stroke is in the opposite direction of the original motion of the puck, velocity of the puck immediately after the stroke is v2 16 m / s : If the original direction of motion of the puck is taken as positive: r r r r I = P2 P1 = mv2 mv1 r r mv2 = I + mv1 mv2 = mv1 I I v2 = v1 m 5 500 125 v2 = 15 = 15 = 15 = 15 31.25 = 16.25 m / s 16 m / s 0.16 16 4 Answer: v2 16 m / s i.e. at 16 m / s in -x-direction [1/0]
Suggested solution: Answer: I = 5 N s = 5 kg

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

c. Answer: If the stroke is in the direction of the original motion of the puck, velocity of the puck immediately after the stroke is v2 36 m / s : If the original direction of motion of the puck is taken as positive: I = P2 P1 = mv2 mv1 mv2 = I + mv1 I v2 = + v1 m 5 500 125 v2 = + 15 = + 15 = + 15 = 31.25 + 15 = 46.25 m / s 46 m / s 0.16 16 4 Answer: v2 46 m / s in +x-direction [1/0] d. Answer: If the stroke is normal to the direction of the original motion of the puck, immediately after the stroke, the puck is moving at: v2 35 m / s . It is deflected by 64 from its original direction of motion: If we name the original direction of y the motion of the puck x and the direction perpendicular to it y : r r r r I = P2 P1 = mv2 mv1 r r mv2 = I + mv1 v2 35 m / s mv2 y = I
64 I m 5 500 125 v2 = = = = 31.25 m / s [1/0] 0.16 16 4 Therefore, the velocity of the puck immediately after the stroke is

v2 y =

2 2 v2 = v2 y + v2 x =

(31.25)2 + (15)2

(31.25)2 + (15)2

= 34.66 m / s 35 m / s

Its direction of motion is: v 31.25 = tan 1 2 y = tan 1 64 v 15 2y Answer: v2 35 m / s at 64 with +x-axis

[0/1]

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

A flat puck of mass M is rotated in a circle on a frictionless air hockey tabletop, and is held in this orbit by a light string which is connected to a hanging mass m through a central hole as illustrated in the figure below. Draw the free body-diagram and prove that the tangential velocity of the puck is given by

v= R

m g M

[0/3]

FT

Suggested solution: The tension in the cord is equal to the weight of the mass m , m i.e. FT = mg . But for the rotating mass M the centripetal force is provided by the tension in the string, and due to this centripetal force it is rotating on the horizontal frictionless table at velocity v . mg Newtons second law requires that: v2 FT = Ma R = M [0/1] FT R M Therefore: v2 Rmg v2 FT = Ma R = M v2 [0/1] = mg v 2 = R M aR = M R R F = mg T Rmg v= QED Free-body-diagrams [0/1] M

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

In assessing your work with problems 9 and 10 your teacher will pay extra attentio to: How well you plan and carry out the task. Which priciples of physics you use and how you justify using them. How well you use physical and matematical language. How general your solutions are. How well you present your work How well you cary out your calculations. How clear your solutions are. How well you justify your conclusions. 9 A relatively small spherical metal ball of mass m1 fastened to the end of a string of length l to form a simple pendulum is released from rest in the horizontal position as illustrated in the figure 2 below. The size of the metal ball is negligible compared to the length of the string. At the bottom of its swing, the metal ball collides with a block of mass m2 (where m2 > m1 ) initially resting on a horizontal long table. [4/6/] a. If the block is also metallic, and therefore the collision is assumed perfect elastic, calculate the velocity of the metallic ball and of the metallic block immediately after the collision. b. Find the maximum height h (with respect to the surface of the table, and in terms of m1 , m2 , and l ) to which the reflected ball rises.
m1
l

m2

c.

If coefficient of friction between the surface of the table and the block is , find the maximum displacement x (in terms of m1 , m2 , and l ) of the block with respect to its initial position.

If the block is made of a soft material, and therefore the collision is assumed perfectly inelastic, calculate the height the center of mass of the system rises after the collision. Alternative Choice: [Note: This choice gives you only 4 G and 3 Vg points at maximum]You may choose instead to solve the problem for the very special case of m1 = 150.0 g , m2 = 250.0 g , l = 120. cm , = 0.25 . [4/3]
Suggested solutions: Answer: v1i = 2 gl , v1i = 4.85 m / s , v1 f =
v1 f

d.

m2 m1 m1 + m2

2 gl ,

2m1 = 1.21 m / s ; v2 = m1 + m2

m m1 2 gl , v2 = 3.64 m / s ; h = 2 m + m l , h = 0.075 m ; 2 1
2

m1 x = 2.7 m ; Inelastic: v = 1.82 m / s ; h = m + m l , h 0.169 m 2 1

2

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

Data: m1 = 0.150 kg , m2 = 0.250 kg , l = 1.20 m , = 0.25 . Plan: We may divide the problem into three parts: [0/1/]

Part I deals with the events taking place just before the collision. We may use the principle of conservation of energy to find the velocity of the ball just before the collision. Part II studies the events taking place at the moments just before and just after the collision. We may use principle of conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy for perfectly elastic collision, but only conservation of linear momentum for the perfectly inelastic collision to find the velocity of the ball and that of the block immediately after the collision. Part III studies the events taking place after the collision. We may use concept of conservation of mechanical energy, and the work done against friction to solve to find the maximum height h the reflected ball rises, as well as to find x the maximum distance the block slides on the table.

Part I: Using conservation of mechanical energy to find v1i velocity of the ball m1 just before the collision: 1 m1 gl = m1v12i 2 2 v1i = 2 gl

v1i = 2 gl v1i = 2(9.8)(1.20 ) = 4.85 m / s

[1/0]

Answer: v1i = 4.85 m / s

Part II: The Elastic Collision: Use conservation of linear momentum and conservation of mechanical energy at the elastic collision. Assuming the original direction of the motion of the ball, i.e. to the left is positive: 1 1 1 2 2 2 m1v1i = m1v1 f + m2 v2 [0/1] 2 2 2 m1v1i = m1v1 f + m2 v2
2 2 2 m1v1i m1v1 f = m2 v2 m1v1i + m1v1 f = m2 v2 2 m1 v12i v12f = m2 v2 m1 (v1i + v1 f ) = m2 v2

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

Divide the first equation by the second one: m1 v12i v12f / m v2 / = 2 2 m1 (v1i + v1 f ) m2 v2 / /

[0/1] [1/0]

v2 = v1i v1 f

We may substitute v2 = v1i v1 f in m1v1i = m1v1 f + m2 v2 to find the velocity of the ball after the collision: m1v1i = m1v1 f + m2 (v1i v1 f )
v1 f (m1 + m2 ) = v1i (m2 m1 ) m1v1 f + m2 v1 f = m2 v1i m1v1i

m2 m1 v1i m1 + m2 0.250 0.150 (4.8497 ) = 1.21 m / s v1 f = 0.250 + 0.150 m m1 v2 = v1i v1 f = v1i 2 v1i m1 + m2 1i m + m2 m m1 v2 = 1 v1i 2 v1i m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m + m2 m2 + m1 v2 = 1 v1i m1 + m2 2m1 v2 = v1i m1 + m2 2(0.150 ) (4.8497 ) = 3.64 m / s v2 = 0.250 + 0.150 v1 f =

Answer: v1 f =

m2 m1 m1 + m2

2 gl

[1/0]

Answer: v1 f = 1.21 m / s

Answer: v2 =

2m1 m1 + m2

2 gl

[0/1]

Answer: v2 = 3.64 m / s

Part III: The Elastic Collision: Use the concept of conservation of the mechanical energy to find the maximum height the reflected ball rises to: 1 1 2 1 2 m1 gh = m1v12f h = v1 f substitute v1 f = 1.21 m / s in h = v1 f / / 2g 2g 2 1 2 1 (1.21)2 = 0.075 m h= v1 f = h = 0.075 m 2g 2 9.82 1 2 m m1 v1 f : Substitute v1 f = 2 2 gl in h = 2g m1 + m2

1 m2 m1 h= m + m 2 gl 2g 1 2 / 2 gl m m1 h= / 2 // 2 g m1 + m2
2

m m1 Answer: h = 2 m + m l 2 1
2

[1/0]

0.250 0.150 h= (1.20 ) = 0.075 m 0.250 + 0.150 h = 0.075 m

(as expected)

Answer:

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

The maximum displacement of the block on the table may be calculated using the concept of conservation of energy, and the work done against the friction: 2 v2 1 2 Answer: x = [0/1] m2 v 2 = m2 g x 2 g 2

x=

(3.6373)2 = 2.7 2(0.25) (9.8)

For the case of perfectly inelastic collision, Part II and part III of the problem are different. At the moment of collision only the linear momentum of the system is conserved. Naming the velocity of the combined block-ball system v conservation of the linear momentum requires: m1 m1 m1v1i = (m1 + m2 ) v v = Answer: v = [0/1] v1i 2 gl m1 + m2 m1 + m2 0.15 Answer: v = 1.82 m / s (4.8497 ) = 1.82 m / s v= 0.15 + 0.25 Part III-inelastic collision: Conservation of energy:

v2 1 2 (m1 + m2 )v = (m1 + m2 ) g h h = 2g 2
1 m1 h= 2 g m1 + m2
2

2 gl m1 2 gl = 2 g m1 + m2
2

m1 Answer: h = m +m l 2 1

[0/1]

m1 0.150 h= m + m l = 0.250 + 0.150 (1.20) 0.169 m 2 1

MVG-Quality Has the student well planed, and carried out the task? Which priciples of physics are used consiousely in solving the problem. Have their use justified by the student? How well does the student use physical and mathematical languages?
How general are the solutions? Is the solution clear, and are the calculations carried out well structured? Are the calculations are carried out Are the results analyzed, evaluated and verified?

h 0.169 m

Specifications Division of the problem to 3 parts Proper use of: Conservation of energy, and of linear momentum; work of friction centripetal forces and acceleration Uses algebraic method Easy to follow Clear language Clear steps Are the results acceptable? Logical? Correct Units?

Comments

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

10

A bullet of mass mb is fired at initial velocity vbi into a wooden block of mass mB suspended from a light string of length l . The bullet stops in the block which was initially at rest. The size of the wooden block is negligible compared to the length of [4/6/] the string l . a. Calculate the impulse exerted by the bullet on the block. b. Calculate the mechanical energy (in terms of mb , mB , and vbi ) lost during the penetration of the bullet into the block. c. Find the height h (in terms of mb , mB , and vbi ) to which the bullet-block system rises. Explain in detail and as clear as possible your solutions. Discuss the physical concepts used in your solution.

vbi mb

mB

d.

Find the minimum speed of the bullet vbi if the block will swing through a complete circle.

Alternative Choice: [Note: This choice gives you only 3 G and 2 Vg points at maximum]You may choose instead to solve the problem for the very special case of mb = 30.0 g , vbi = 250.0 m / s , mB = 2.00 kg , l = 50.0 cm ; [4/3]
Suggested solution: Data: mb = 30.0 g , vbi = 250.0 m / s , mB = 2.00 kg , l = 50.0 cm ; a. Calculate the impulse exerted by the bullet on the block. Suggested solution: Conservation of the linear momentum requires that: r r pi = p f

mb vbi = (mb + mB )v mb v= v (mb + mB ) bi 0.03 (250) m / s v= (0.03 + 2.00) v = 3.69 m / s r r r Impulse = p = p f pi

mb v (mb + mB ) bi Answer: The impulse exerted by the bullet on the block is: mb mB v to the right. Impulse = (mb + mB ) bi [1/0] Numerical value: 0.030 2.00 250 kg m / s Impulse = (0.030 + 2.00) Impulse = 7.39 kg m / s

Impulse = mB v = mB

b.

Calculate the mechanical energy (in terms of mb , mB , and vbi ) lost during the penetration of the bullet into the block.
the bullet befor the collision and the energy of the system immediately after the collision:
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Suggested solution: Mechanical energy lost during the penetration of the bullet into the block may be calculated as the difference between the energy of

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

1 1 2 E Lost = mb vbi (mb + mB )v 2 2 2

E Lost = mb 1 1 2 mb vbi (mb + mB ) vbi 2 2 (mb + mB )
[1/0]
2

2 mb 1 1 2 2 E Lost = mb vbi vbi 2 2 (mb + mB )

E Lost =

2 2 mb + mb mB mb 2 / / vbi 2(mb + mB )

Answer: The system loses mb mB 2 E Lost = vbi 2(mb + mB ) mechanical energy during the penetration of the bullet into the wooden block. [0/1] Numerical value. 0.03 2.00 (250)2 E Lost = 2(0.03 + 2.00) E Lost 924 J

c.

Find the height h (in terms of mb , mB , and vbi ) to which the bullet-block system rises. Explain in detail and as clear as possible your solutions. Discuss the physical concepts used in your solution.

Suggested solution: Even though the collision is perfectly inelastic and therefore the mechanical energy is not conserved during the penetration of the bullet into the block, the mechanical energy of the system must be conserved immediately after the penetration of the bullet into the block: The total energy of the blockbullet system is just that of their kinetic energy, which will totally converted to the gravitational potential energy of the system at the end of the process when the pendulum is raised to its highest and therefore totally stopped before swinging back. Taking the original level of the block (i.e. the lowest point of the swing) as the zero potential energy level, we may write the conservation of energy as:

1 (mb + mB )v 2 = (mb + mB )gh 2

[0/1/]

h=

v 2g

mb v , we may (mb + mB ) bi express h only in terms of mb , mB , and vbi :

Using v =

mb v2 1 h= = (m + m ) vbi 2g 2g b B
1 h= 2g

mb m +m B b

2 vbi
2

[0/1]

1 0.025 2 h= (250 ) m = 1.89 m 2 9.82 0.025 + 1 h 1.89 m

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

d.

Find the minimum speed of the bullet vbi if the block will swing through a complete circle.
2 v 2 = 4 g l + vtop

Suggested solution: The block will swing through a complete circle if the tension in the string at the top of the swing is larger than zero: At the highest point of the swing, taking the direction of the centripetal acceleration a R as the positive direction, Newtons r r second law of motion, Fnet = ma , may be expressed as: FT + mg = ma R [0/1/] FT = maR mg The requirement that FT 0 implies that: FT = ma R mg 0 aR g 0 aR g using the expression for the radial v2 , we may acceleration: a R = r rewrite this expression as: 2 vtop g r or 2 vtop g r But the radius of the circle is identical to the length of the string l , therefore, we may conclude that the block will swing through a complete circle if its velocity at the top of the swing is: [1/0] vtop g l Considering that fact that at the top of the swing, h = 2 l and vtop g l , we may express the concept of conservation of mechanical energy as: 1 2 1 2 mv = mg (2l ) + mvtop / / / 2 2 where m (mb + mB )

Using the expression for the initial velocity of the block-bullet system in terms of the initial velocity of mb v , we the bullet: v = (mb + mB ) bi may rewrite the equation above as:

mb 2 2 vbi = 4 g l + vtop mb + mB m + mB 2 v = b [1/0] 4 g l + vtop mb Using vtop g l , we may express

2 bi 2

the minimum velocity of the bullet required to the block swinging through a complete circle:

v v

2 bi min

m + mB = b [4 g l + g l] mb m + mB = 5 g l b mb m + mB = 5 g l b mb
2

2 bi min

vbi

min

Answer: The complete circle swing is possible only if m + mB vbi 5 g l b [0/1] mb Using vtop g l , we may express the minimum velocity of the bullet required to the block swinging through a complete circle:
2 bi min

v v

m + mB = b [4 g l + g l] mb m + mB = 5 g l b mb
2

2 bi min

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Suggested solutions Midterm Exam Ch5-7 FyBNVC07 Circular motion, Linear momentum, Energy NV-College

m + mB = 5 g l b min mb Answer: The complete circle swing is possible only if m + mB vbi 5 g l b [0/1] mb vbi
Numerical values:

0.03 + 2.00 vbi 5 (9.82) (0.5) 0.03 vbi 474 m / s

Answer: The block will swing a complete swing only if the velocity of the bullet is at least 474 m / s .i.e.: vbi 474 m / s

MVG-Quality Has the student well planed, and carried out the task? Which priciples of physics are used consiousely in solving the problem. Have their use justified by the student? How well the student does uses physical and mathematical languages? How general are the solutions? Is the solution clear, and are the calculations carried out well structured? Are the calculations are carried out Are the results analyzed, evaluated and verified?

Specifications Division of the problem to different parts Use of: Conservation of energy Conservation of linear momentum Uses algebraic method Easy to follow Clear language Clear steps Are the results acceptable? Logical? Correct Units?

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