Ports and Terminals

Siltation

Port layout

Breakwaters

Metocean conditions

Environment

Survey & monitoring

Ports and Terminals

Serving the ports industry
DHI offers specialised consulting services to companies and authorities within terminal and port planning, design, construction and operations. Our main working areas are port hydraulics engineering and environmental conditions. DHIs staff of experienced specialists combine our in-house physical model testing, numerical modelling, field investigations and forecasting resources with worldwide experience. DHI has worked in more than 100 countries providing unique solutions in areas such as: Site selection and surveying Metocean conditions Port layout and channel design Wave agitation and ship response modelling for downtime analysis Current modelling for navigation and mooring analysis Physical model tests for layout and mooring conditions optimisation Breakwater concept design and model testing Wave and current impact loads on and response of structures Coastline impact modelling and shore protection Siltation and maintenance dredging prediction Environmental impact assessments Monitoring and forecasting services for operations and navigation

DHI
DHI is an independent consulting and research organisation with more than 700 employees in our global network of offices. DHI offers a wide range of services and products, including consultancy, laboratory and physical model tests, software and IT products, and field investigations. Consulting services cover engineering and environmental issues within ports and offshore technology, coastal and river engineering, water resources, urban and industrial water and other areas related to water environment and health. We work with contractors and consulting companies, industries, government agencies and authorities. DHI participates at all stages in projects ranging from prefeasibility to operation and management.

p3: courtesy of Port of Aarhus p5: courtesy of Port of Frederikshavn All other photos: DHI

DHI WAMSIM combines MIKE 21 BW wave model with a ship response model for accurate time domain response and downtime prediction

Model testing is the unparalleled tool for wave agitation and ship motions analysis and for investigating integrity of structures, eg breakwaters. Our models, MIKE 21 and MIKE 3, cover all aspects of flow and sediment transport. Furthermore, the MIKE 21 wave module is integrated with a ship response module providing DHI's time domain vessel response prediction tool, WAMSIM.

This service is based on DHIs data and risk analysis systems in combination with our in-house developed numerical models. Modelling whether in forecast or hindcast mode - is often supplemented by online and offline measurements made by DHI, or by satellite data to further enhance quality and resolution. Wind, waves, currents and storm surges/water levels Normal conditions - for operations planning Extreme conditions - for design Forecasting services - for construction and operations

Metocean data for design and operations

The provision of high-quality metocean data for design and marine operations is a key service of DHI.

Port layout
DHI has developed standards and tools to optimise the design, safe construction, operation and maintenance of marine structures, including ports and terminals. Our services focus on port layout planning and optimisation aspects such as: Wave agitation at berths and risk of seiching Motions of ships at berth Safety of berthing and mooring conditions Downtime for efficient and safe passenger and cargo handling Navigation enhancement and safety, and downtime for access Siltation of channels and basins and maintenance dredging DHI provides superior solutions to the layout optimisation challenges in close collaboration with planners, designers and terminal operators. These solutions are based on physical model tests and numerical modelling. Since both model testing and the complete range of numerical tools are offered by DHI we can provide an optimal combination, which reflects all the issues of concern.

MIKE 21 BW wave model

Numerical simulation of metocean data provides our client with reliable data for design and operations

DHIs model test facilities are used extensively for breakwater stability, harbour and terminal optimisation, structures response and scour tests

Breakwaters and marine structures

Design and optimisation of breakwaters by the use of model testing are made in DHI's flumes and shallow water basins. Increased safety and reduction of capital and maintenance costs are the unchallenged strengths of the physical model for breakwaters and rubble mound structures in general. DHIs powerful CFD code, NS3, offers a completely new and rapidly expanding range of possibilities for the analysis of structural impact and response. Marine structures are frequently modelled or tested to establish wave and current impact loads and overtopping conditions and to verify their structural integrity.

Siltation prediction and coastal impact

Huge savings on capital and maintenance costs, for example on navigation channels, can be achieved through a detailed understanding of the sediment transport processes. DHI's models, LITPACK and MIKE 21, are instrumental in establishing understanding of transport and siltation phenomena due to littoral drift or suspended sediments in open water or estuaries.

It is important to account for sediment processes from the very beginning of a port planning project, as demonstrated by many DHI projects. Siltation rates and shoreline impact, which are often strongly interrelated, can be minimised by a clear comprehension of the geomorphological processes at the site in question.

Survey and monitoring

In connection with site specific investigations DHI conducts surveys and establishes short term or long term monitoring systems. These systems can cover physical, chemical or biological components. Results are used for subsequent studies at DHI, whether for planning, design or for EIA and environmental clearance.

Bed level (meter) Above -1 -2 - -1 -3 - -2 -4 - -3 -5 - -4 -6 - -5 -7 - -6 -8 - -7 -9 - -8 -10 - -9 -11 - -12 -12 - -11 -13 - -12 -14 - -13 -15 - -14 Below -15 Undefined Value

By combining DHIs 3D models with survey and monitoring, siltation predictions and minimisation are achieved

Environment
DHI carries out a variety of environmental studies related to port activities: Surveys of pollutants in water, sediment and biota Biological surveys of aquatic biology, birds, sea mammals, etc Identification and assessment of pollution sources Ecotoxicological and leaching tests of dredged material Ecological modelling Risk assessments related to deposition of dredged material.

Water forecast services

DHI runs a web based online service providing 3 to 5-day forecasts of water levels, winds, currents and waves. Temperature, salinity and eutrophication parameters can also be incorporated. DHIs advanced hydrodynamic and environmental models are the core components of our forecast services. Port authorities and operators are offered dedicated services. These services can also be accessed onboard ships for online navigational assistance, thus enhancing ship and port safety.

EIA and environmental licences

EIAs are conducted for all aspects of potential marine environmental impact whether short term or long term - during construction or upon completion of a project and in relation to maintenance dredging. DHI has developed specific and cost-effective methods for EIAs and environmental monitoring in relation to marine activities. This includes holistic assessments, effectively integrating baseline data and model simulations. Positive or negative impacts are predicted and subsequently verified through monitoring and hindcast modelling: Sediment spoil impact and dredge disposal management Impact of structures on coastline morphology Impact on benthic biotopes, flora and fauna Impact of accidental spill Impact of high speed craft and other vessels. In addition, DHI prepares applications for environmental licences.

The increasing size of ships pose a challenge to mooring and navigation in narrow basins and channels. DHI combines physical and numerical modelling to provide viable solutions.

PORT AND TERMINAL PROJECTS

DHI model test facilities

Caleta la Misin Port Argentina Argentina Brazil Brazil China Egypt Egypt France France India India Italy Italy Korea Lebanon Libya Malaysia Morocco Mozambique Oman Oman Portugal Qatar Qatar Scotland Singapore Spain Taiwan The Netherlands The United Kingdom

Basins 30 x 20m x 3.0m basin for 3D waves and current 35 x 25m x 0.8m basin for 3D waves and current 32 x 30m x 0.45m basin for waves 30 x 30m x 0.75m basin for waves and current 62 x 30m x 0.45m basin for waves Flumes 35 x 5.5m x 0.8m flume for waves and current 28 x 0.8m x 1.2m flume for waves

All model test facilities use DHIs own wavemaker designs for random wave generation. Flume and basin wavemakers feature DHI AWACS Active Wave Absorption Control System. Mobile current and wind generating systems are available in all facilities together with state-ofthe-art sensors and data acquisition and analysis systems.

Port of Rawson Portocel Port Facility Belmonte Maritime Terminal Caojing Petrochemical Terminal Idku LNG Marine Terminal Port Said New East Port La Rochelle Harbour Cherbourg Harbour Haldia Docks and Harbour Port of Pipavav Port of Gioia Tauro Genova Harbour Ulsan Port Beirut Port Azzawiya Marine Facilities Tanjung Pelepas Container Port Tanger Med Port Complex Maputo Port Five Fishing Harbours

Salalah Container Port Expansion Port of Sines Ras Laffan Port Halul Island Harbour Peterhead Outer Harbour Jurong Island VLCC Berth Port of A Corua Kuan-Tang LNG Port Port of Rotterdam Milford Haven

DHI OFFICES
DHI has offices in more than 20 countries around the world.

Visit www.dhigroup.com for details

Design: Ole Sndergaard Printed by Nofo print September 2007

Agern All 5 DK-2970 Hrsholm Denmark Tel: +45 4516 9200 Fax +45 4516 9292 dhi@dhigroup.com www.dhigroup.com