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EXPERIMENT NO 6: TO VERIFY THE LAWS OF SHEARING FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT ON THE BEAMS APPARATUS:

Shearing force and bending moment apparatus, hangers and weights

SHEARING FORCE:
There is a shearing force at each cross section of the beam. A force when tends to shear the beam in two parts. The following figure shows FBD of the beam with the loads P1 and P2 and reactions R1 and R2. As the beam is in equilibrium as whole. Every individual section of it will also be in equilibrium by saint vernants principle Let us imagine that we cut the beam on the cross section cc. fig B shows the FBD of the part of the beam to the right of the cross section. The load P2 and reaction R2 act on this part of the beam and a shearing force at the left end of this part. There must be an upward force at the left of this section to hold it up denoted by Vs. The shearing force is exerted at the right hand part of the beam by t he left hand part fig C shows the load P1 and reaction R1 also the shearing force Vc . It is exerted on th e left hand part of the beam by the right hand part. The force Vc in fig c equal and opposite to the force Vc in fig B. Applying the condition Fy = 0 R1-P1-Vc = 0 Vc = R1- P1 The above equation shows that the shearing force at this cross section is equal to the sum of vertical forces to the left of the cross section the shearing force of any cross section is equal to the sum of the vertical forces to the left cross section .

EFFECTS OF LOADS ON BEAMS BENDING MOMENT:


The bending moment at any point in the beam is the moment w.r.t that point of all the forces to the left of that point The stress due to bending moment is usually the most important stress in the beam

Sign convention:
The bending moment at any point in the beam is the moment w.r.t that point of all the forces stress due to bending moment is usually the most important stress

SAGGING

Positive bending is called sagging

HOGGING
Negative bending is called hogging

MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT

Max bending moment occurs at the point were the shear is zero Max stress occurs were the moment is max so it is important to be able to calculate the max. Moment.

PROCEDURE:
First of all balance the weight of beam w1 with w` Then count the clock wise and counter clock wise load which is wccw and wcw Then take the moment of the beam along both sides

COMMENTS:
1. We have assumed that the weights of hangers are equal to each other so neglecting them. 2. We take the moment about pin we assume that the pin is right in line of end of beam. 3. Due to attachment centre of gravity shifts at four inches. 4. Moment produced is due to misalignment of the wire 5. Weight attached with experiment body causes variation 6. We take moment about P but the distance between P & the beam is neglected

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:


Length of beam section=L =10`` Length of beam section up to centre of gravity = 4 `` Weight of the beam section = 4.2 lb=w Length of metallic plate = 8``

No. of observatio n 1. 2. 3.

w1 (lbs) 0 0.5 1.0

w2=w1+w ( lbs) 4.2 4.7 5.2

w=4w+10w 1/8

W`exp (lbs)

4x4.2+10x0 /8 2.1 = 2.1 2.725 2.725 3.35 3.35

Actual Position Deflected Position __ W W2 4 6

10 Wt of Beam W1 __ W

APPARATUS FOR

THE

DEFLECTION

OF

BEAM

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