Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

NV-College

Part I: Answer part I on this paper

1. In the figure below a proton is projected horizontally at 5.0 105 m / s into the region between two parallel charged plates which are 10.0 mm apart. The potential difference between the plates is 600. V . + + + + + + + + + + + + 5.0 105 m / s
p

10 .0 mm

2.0 cm
a) Draw the electric filed lines as clear as possible on the figure. Data: d = 10 .0 mm = 1.0 10 2 m , V = 600. V , v0 x = 5.0 10 5 m / s , Suggested answer: The electric field is uniform in the region between the plate. Its direction is from positive to negative, as illustrated in the figure. b)
+ + + + + + + + + + + +

[1/0]

[1/0]

In which direction will the proton be deflected? i) Toward the bottom of the paper. ii) Toward the top of the page. iii) Into the page. iv) Out of the page.

Answer: Alternative: i. The proton will be deflected towards the bottom of the paper. This may be explain either by using the fact that the positive charges, and therefore protons, are attracted to the negative r r r charges. We may also use F = QE = eE to explain the effect, i.e. in the region between the plates; there is a force on the incoming protons in the direction of the electric field. What is the magnitude of the electric field? i) 60.0 V / m ii) 60.0 mV / m iii) 60.0 V / m iv) 60.0 kV / m v) 60.0 MV / m Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative v: E = 60.0 kV / m V Data: d = 10 .0 mm = 1.0 10 2 m , V = 600. V ; V = E d E = d 600 . V E= = 600 10 + 2 V / m = 6.00 10 + 4 V / m = 60 .0 kV / m 2 1.0 10 m c) [1/0]

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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The magnitude of the electric force on the proton is: i) 9.6 10 14. N ii) 1.6 10 19. N iii) 9.6 10 15 N iv) 2.6 10 15 N Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative iii: F = 9.6 10 15 N Data: d = 10 .0 mm = 1.0 10 2 m , V = 600. V ; E = 60.0 kV / m r r r F = Q E = eE F = 1.6 10 19 60 .0 10 +3 V / m = 9.6 10 15 N e)

d)

[1/0]

If the plates are 2.0 cm long, and the proton is ejected horizontally into the plates, exactly in the middle of the plates, i.e. 5.0 mm from each plate, in what angle will the proton leave the plates? [1/0] i) at = 25 with x-axis. Downward. ii) at = 13 with x-axis. Downward. iii) at = 1.3 with x-axis. Downward. iv) at = 25 with x-axis. Upward. v) It will not leave the plates. It will hit the plate below. vi) at = with x-axis. (fill the space, if none of above corresponds to your calculations. Indicate if it is DOWNWARDS or UPWARDS.) Draw the required figures, and show the details of your calculations: [0/3]

Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative i: at = 25 with x-axis. Downward Data: d = 10 .0 mm = 1.0 10 2 m , V = 600. V ; E = 60.0 kV / m , v0 x = 5.0 10 5 m / s , x = 2.0 cm , y max = 5.0 mm = 5.0 10 3 m , F = 9.6 10 15 N This is a projectile problem. The proton has a constant velocity in the horizontal direction: v0 x = 100 . km / s , while in the vertical direction, its initial velocity is v0 y = 0 , while its is facing an downward force of
F = 9.6 10 15 N and therefore, accelerating at the rate of r F r 9.6 10 15 N F = ma a y = y = = 5.74 1012 m / s 2 27 m p 1.67 10 kg

During the time that the proton moves horizontally x = 2.0 10 2 m , i.e.

x 2.0 10 2 m = = 4.0 10 8 s it moves downward 4.60 10 3 m : v 5.0 105 m / s 2 1 1 y = a y t 2 = 5.74 1012 4.0 10 8 = 4.59 10 3 m 2 2 Due to the fact that y = 4.59 10 3 m < 5.00 10 3 m , the proton will leave the field region.
during t =

)(

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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To find the angle at which the proton exits the field region, we need to find the velocity in the vertical direction at the time the proton is leaving the region: v y = a y t = 5.74 1012 4.0 10 8 m / s

)(

v y = 2.296 10 5 m / s 2.3 10 5 m / s
at = 25 as illustrated below:

= 12.9

25

2.296 10 m / s = tan 1 5.0 105 m / s 1 = tan (0.4592) = 24.66 25 Note that this angle is very different from that of: 4.59 10 3 m y = tan 1 = tan 1 2.0 10 2 m = 12.9 x

= tan 1

vy vx

Answer: Alternative i: at = 25 with x-axis. Downward

f)

If we would like the ejected proton leaving the plates area horizontally, we may turn on a magnetic field in the region. The direction of such a magnetic field is: [1/0] i) perpendicular to the original direction of the proton, into the paper. ii) perpendicular to the original direction of the proton, out of the paper. iii) perpendicular to the original direction of the proton, vertically upward. iv) perpendicular to the original direction of the proton, vertically downward v) horizontal to the left in the original direction of the protons motion. vi) horizontal to the right in the opposite direction of the protons motion. Answer: Alternative __________________

Draw necessary figures and explain your reasoning. [0/2] Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative ii: out of the paper The magnetic force must be identical to the electric force on the moving proton, but in the opposite direction. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic force must be upwards. Due to the fact that the charge of proton is positive and it is originally moving horizontally to the left, the direction of the uniform magnetic field in the region between the plates must be out of the paper as illustrated in the figure below:
FyB = 9.6 10 15 N
+ + + + + + + + + + + +

v0 x = 5.0 10 5 m / s

proton

B = 0.12 T
FyE = 9.6 10
15

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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g)

What is the magnitude of such a magnetic field: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)
B = 12 T B = 12 mT B = 0.12 T B = 12 kT B = 12 MT None of above. It is :__________

[1/0]

Show the details of your calculations:

Answer: Alternative __________________ [0/2]

Answer: Alternative iii: B = 0.12 T Data: d = 10 .0 mm = 1.0 10 2 m , V = 600. V , v0 x = 5.0 10 5 m / s , As mentioned above, the magnitude of the magnetic force exerted by the magnetic field must be exactly equal to the magnitude of the electric force Fy = 9.6 10 15 N but in the opposite r r r r r V direction. Therefore, using F = Q v B , and FB = FE , and V = E d E = d E E V V evB = eE vB = E B = B = = B= / / v v vd vd V 600 B= = = 0.12 T v d 5.0 105 1.0 10 2

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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2.

Show clearly the direction of the induced current in the circular loops below due to the current shown? Why? Explain and Draw it on the figure: i. Explanation: [1/1] The direction of the induced current in the ring I decreases is counter clock-wise. This is due to the fact that the direction of the magnetic field due to the wire inside the ring is out of the paper, but because the current in the wire decreases, its magnetic field also decreases, and therefore, the magnetic flux through the ring also decreases. Therefore, there will be an induced emf in the circular loop (due to the Lenss law) such that it opposes the decrease in the magnetic flux, and therefore, the direction of the induced current in the loop will be counter clock wise because this type of current will produce a magnetic field inside the loop which is out of the paper.

I decreases

ii. Explanation:

[1/1]

The direction of the induced current in the ring is counter I increases clock-wise. This is due to I increases the fact that the direction of the magnetic field due to the wire inside the ring is into the paper, but because the current in the wire increases, its magnetic field also increase, and therefore, the magnetic flux through the ring also increase. Therefore, there will be an induced emf in the circular loop (due to the Lenss law) such that it opposes the increase in the magnetic flux. Therefore, the direction of the induced current in the loop will be counter clock wise because this type of current will produce a magnetic field inside the loop which is out of the paper. 3. The magnetic flux through a coil of wire containing 100 loops change from 56 Wb to 54 Wb in 0.20 s . What is the emf induced in the coil? [2/0] Suggested solution: Data: N = 100 , B1 = 56 Wb , B 2 = 54 Wb , t = 0.20 s , Problem: = ? Answer: The emf induced in the coil is = 55 kV . B2 B1 d B = N = N dt t 54 (56 ) = 100 = 5.5 10 4 V = 55 kV 0 .2 The positive sign demonstrates the fact that the induced emf opposes the change (decrease) in the magnetic flux (Lenses law.)

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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4.

An electron and an alpha particle have the same kinetic energy upon entering a region of constant magnetic field. What is the ratio of the radii of their circular paths? The particle is the nucleus of He atom and has a charge of + 2 e and mass of [1/2] m He = 4.002602 u = 4.002602 1.6605 10 -27 kg 6.65 10 -27 kg Suggested solution: Answer:
re me rHe ; 43 =2 rHe m He re

Data: E KEe = E KE P , e = 1.6 10 19 C , me = 9.10938188 10 -31 kg 9.11 10 -31 kg ,

m He = 4.002602 u = 4.002602 1.6605 10 -27 kg 6.65 10 -27 kg r Problem: e = ? rP Answer: r r r F = Qv B e v F = Q v B / v2 / v2 Q v B = m v r FC = ma C = m r v r = m QB Assuming that both the electron and Alpha particle were originally moving at the same initial kinetic energy in an inertial frame, 1 1 2 i.e.: me ve2 = m He v He / / 2 2 ve2 m v m He = He e = 2 v He me v He me
e
p

r = m

v QB me v e 2 me v e 2 me v e re / eB = / = = rHe m He v He m He v He m He v He 2e B / /
vp

re m m He me =2 e =2 rHe m He me m He

+e

Answer:

re me =2 rHe m He

r rHe 1 6.6463206 10 -27 kg 1 Answer: He 43 = 7295.6 = 42.7 43 = -31 re 2 9.10938188 10 re kg 2 Note that due to their opposite charges, Alpha particles and electrons path are in two opposite directions as illustrated above.

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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5.

In a circuit a resistance of resistor 500. is connected in series to a capacitor of capacitance 25.0 F and an inductance 250 mH and a sinusoidal alternating emf device operating at 50 Hz and amplitude 25.0 V . a) What is the current amplitude in the circuit? [2/2] b) What is the potential difference as a function of time across the inductance? [1/1] c) What is the phase constant of the current in the circuit relative to the driving emf? [1/1] d) What is the current in the circuit as a function of time? [1/1]

Answer: (a) I max = 50 .2 mA , (b) VL (t ) 3.95 sin 100 t V ; (c) 5.57 , 2 2 (d) I (t ) = 50 .2 sin (100 t + 8.77 10 ) mA ; Vmax = 25 V
Data: R = 500. , C = 25 .0 F = 25 .0 10 6 F , L = 250 mH = 250 10 3 H , f = 50 Hz , max = 25 .0 V Problem: f = 50 Hz = 2 f = 2 50 = 100 = 100 4 1 1 The reactance of the capacitor is X C = = X C = 10 2 6 C 100 25.0 10 3 X L = 25 The reactance of the inductance is X L = L = 100 250 10 The circuits impedance is Z = R + ( X L X C )
2 2

Suggested solution:

400 2 = 500 + 25 = 5.02 10

2

Z = 5.02 10 2 25 .0 V = 4.98 10 2 A = 4.98 mA I max = max = 2 Z 5.02 10

I max = 4.98 mA VL max 3.91 V

VL max = X L I max = L I max = 25 4.98 10 2 V 3.91 V 1 4 VC max = X C I max = I max = 10 2 4.98 10 2 V 6.34 V C VC max 6.34 V VR max = R I max = 500 4.98 10 2 V 24.9 V

V R max 24 .9 V

The current in passing the inductance lags the voltage by 90 =

rad . Therefore 2 V L (t ) = X L I (t ) = X L I max sin 100 t = L I max sin 100 t V 2 2 V L (t ) = 25 5.02 10 2 sin 100 t V 3.95 sin 100 t V 2 2 VL (t ) 3.95 sin 100 t V 2

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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The phase angle is

400 25 XL XC = tan 1 48.8 5.57 = 8.77 10 2 rad = tan 1 = tan 1 R 500 500 The negative phase constant 5.57 is an indication that the load is mainly capacitive, and X C > X L . Therefore, the current leads the driving emf by 5.57 or by 8.77 10 2 rad . Input V (t ) = (t ) = max sin (t ) = 25 sin (100 t ) V

Output I (t ) = I max sin (t ) = 4.98 sin (100 t + 8.77 10 2 ) mA

I (t ) = 4.98 sin 100 t + 8.77 10 2

mA

5.57

V R max 24 .9 V Vmax = 25 V

V L max 3 .91 V

VC max 6 .34 V

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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In the figure below the rod moves at a speed of 2.5 m / s , is 18.0 cm long, and has a C and resistance 0.5 . The magnetic field is 0.80 T D E the resistance of the U-shaped conductor is 22.5 at a given instant. Calculate: 18 cm a. the induced emf, [2/1] the current flowing in the circuit, and b. F [2/3] A B the external force necessary to ensure that the rod is moving at c. constant velocity at the instance. [2/3] Suggested solution: Data: v = 2.5 m / s , l = 18.0 cm , Rrod = 0.5 , B = 0.80 T , R = 22.5 Problem: = ? , I = ? , F = ? The emf induced in the circuit is 0.36 V from C to B. The current I = 14 .4 m A from C to B is induced in the closed circuit. An external force of F = 2.07 10 3 N is needed to ensure that the rod is moving at a constant velocity v = 1.5 m / s . r r d B d BA d (BA ) dA d (l x ) dx = = = = B = B = Bl = Bl v dt dt dt dt dt dt = Blv = 0.80 0.18 2.5 = 0.36 V 0.36 V (2/1) Due to the fact that the magnetic flux decreases (because the area is decreasing) the induce emf will oppose the reduction in the magnetic flux. Therefore, the current is from the point C to B (downward) which produces a magnetic field inside the loop in the same direction as the original one (i.e. into the page.) 0.36 I= = (RU + Rrod )I I = = 1.44 10 2 A = 14 .4 m A (22 .5 + 2.5) (RU + Rrod )

I = 1.44 10 2 A = 14 .4 m A

[2/3] r r r 2 3 F = I l B F = IlB sin = IlB F = 1.44 10 0.18 0.80 = 2.07 10 N 3 [2/3] F = 2.07 10 N = 2.07 mN 6. Two first-order spectrum lines are measured by an 8500-line/cm spectroscope at angles, on each side of centre, of + 2638 , + 4108 and 2648 , 4119 . What are the wavelengths? (1/4) Suggested solution: Data: d sin = m ; d =
1 cm = 1.18 10 6 m ; First order m = 1 : 8500 + 2648 + 2638 38 + 48 8 6 = +26 1 = = +26 = +2643 = 26.717 ; 1 = ? 2 2 2 + 4108 + 4119 27 2 = = +41 = +4113.5 = 41.225 ; 2 = ? 2 2
d sin = m

(0.5/0.5) (0.5/0.5)

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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1 = d sin 1 =

10 4 sin (26.717 ) = 0.00529 10 4 m = 529 nm (0/1.5) Green 1 = 529 nm 85 10 4 2 = d sin 2 = sin (41.225 ) = 0.00775 10 4 m = 775 nm (0/1.5) Red 2 = 775 nm 85

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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7.

Two stiff parallel wires a distance l apart in a horizontal plane act as rails to support a light metal rod of mass m that is parallel to the surface of the ground and perpendicular to the parallel rails as illustrated NORTH below. A uniform magnetic field B directed vertically downward (into WEST EAST the page in the figure) acts throughout. The system is connected to a electric power source that provides the system with a constant SOUGHT current I . a) In which direction does the NORTH rod move? Why? Explain! [1/1] i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) East. West North. Sought. Up. Down.
WEST

r r r F = Il B
I
SOUGHT

EAST

IlB k mg Il B t ; v = at = t m m r r r The magnetic force on a current I in a magnetic field B is F = I l B . Using the right hand rule we may recognize that there is a force to the left, i.e. to the west on the mobile rod, and therefore, the rod moves to the left. It accelerates to the left at the rate of Il B . a= m

Suggested solution: Answer: Alternative: ii: West; v =

Calculate the speed of the rod as a function of time b) c)

[2/4/]

if the rails are considered frictionless. if the coefficient of the friction between the rod and the trails is k . IlB k mg Il B Suggested solution: Answer: v = t ; v = at = t m m Il B on a frictionless surface, As discussed above, the rod accelerates at the rate of a = m and if the initial velocity of the rod is assumed zero, its velocity as a function of time may be expressed as: Il B v = v0 + at v = t m If the coefficient of the kinetic friction between the rod and the rail is k , the friction force may be expressed as F f = k FN = k mg and it is in the opposite direction of the motion and the resultant force on the rod may be expressed as: F = FB F f = IlB k mg IlB k mg IlB k mg a= v = at = t m m F = ma

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Suggested solution FyBCh20-21, 24 NVC06 magnetic Induction & AC circuits

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8.

A mass spectrometer is being used to monitor air pollutants. It is difficult, however, to separate molecules with nearly equal mass such as CO ( 28.0106 u ) and N 2 ( 28.0134 u ). How large a radius of curvature must a spectrometer have if these two molecules are to be separated on film by 1.00 mm . (2/4/) Suggested solution: Data: mCO = 28 .0106 u , m N 2 = 28.0134 u
d = 2 rCO 2 rN 2 = 1.00 mm = 1.00 10 3 m ,

Problem: r = ? Answer: The radius of curvature of the mass spectrometer must be r 5.00 m In the mass spectroscope ions are produced by heating, or by an electric current. These ions are directed through a relatively small hole to a region known as velocity selector r r where there are both electric field E (pointing up) and magnetic field B1 (pointing out of the paper toward the reader.) The magnitudes of the fields are adjusted such that those E ions whose velocity fits, QE = QvB1 , i.e. v = will follow a straight path passing / / B1 r through a second hole and entering a new region where magnetic field B2 (pointing out of the paper toward the reader) exists. The ions will then follow a circular path of radius v2 r satisfying QvB 2 = m . The radius r may be measured using a photographic plate r where ions strike and darken the film: E E QE = QvB1 v = B B v E E 1 QB2 = m = m 1 = m r=m v2 r r rB1 QB1 B2 QvB2 = m QB = m v r 2 r Due to the fact that ions are assumed having the same chare (for example ionized once) r r r sharing identical electric and magnetic fields E , B1 and B2 we may express the radius E rN 2 = m N 2 QB B 1 2 of curvature of each beam as E r = m CO CO QB1 B2 rN mN2 Dividing the equations to each other may result in: 2 = rCO mCO mN2 mN d rN 2 = rCO d = 2(rN 2 rCO ) = 2 2 1 rCO rCO = m mCO mN CO 2 2 1 m CO 3 1.00 10 m r rCO = = 5.00189 m r rCO = 5.00189 m 5.00 m 28.0134 u 2 28.0106 u 1

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