ESP course Bakkali Grammar Present perfect :

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Form : Subject + have/has+past participle. I have been to France.

Present Perfect Tense is used :1. To show actions completed in the immediate past (usually

2.

3.

4.

5.

with JUST); He has just left for the airport. I have just finished my homework. To show past actions whose time is not mentioned and definite; Have you read "Harry Potter"? I have seen Japan. To define past events when we focus on their effect in the present than of the action itself; Aslam has eaten all of the cake. (There isn't any left for me) I have cut my finger. (and it is bleeding now) I have done my homework. (now I am free) To show experiences of your life; I have been to K-2. I have jumped from an aeroplane. Present Perfect Tense is also used To express a situation (not action) that began in the past and continues to the present and it usually comes with since or for ; (a) I have been here since seven o'clock. (b) We have been here for two weeks. (c) I have known him for many years.

Present Perfect Tense is never used with adverbs of past time.For Example; We must not say "He has gone to Karachi yesterday" in such case you had better use Simple Past Tense "He went to Karachi yesterday".

ESP course Bakkali Grammar Excercice :

1. I'm very hungry. I_________ all day. a) didn't eat b) haven't ate c) havent eaten d) have been eating 2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They _____ completely _____ it. a) have _____ been redecorating b) have _____ redecorated c) already _____ redecorated d) didn't _____ redecorated 3. Our kitchens a mess. We____________ any cleaning for weeks. a) didn't do b) haven't been doing c) have done d) haven't done

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4. I think they are dating. They____________ a lot of each other recently. a) had seen b) haven't been seeing c) have been seeing d) have seen 5. We've discovered this great caf and we_____________ there a lot. a) have been going b) have gone c) are going d) have went 6. How's your Mum? I _____________ her for ages. a) had seen b) haven't seen c) haven't been seeing d) didn't see 7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________?

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

a) have _____ done b) were _____ doing c) did _____ do d) have _____ been doing 8. Shes gone to the doctor's. She ______________ too well lately. a) hasn't felt b) hasn't been feeling c) has felt d) doesn't feel 9. Where have you been? I____________ for ages. a) have waited b) waited c) was waiting d) have been waiting 10. I have to write an essay. I__________ about half of it so far. a) have written b) have been writing c) wrote d) have to write

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English Action and State verbs

1. In English language there are verbs that are not normally used in the

Continuous Tense, because they describe rather state than an action. They are called state verb (stative verbs, non-progressive verbs).

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

The verbs that can be used in the Continuous Tense are calledaction verbs (dynamic verbs).

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Some verbs can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning. 2. Here are some verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense.

Stative Verbs love hate like see hear sound think (meaning "have an opinion") mind (meaning "care about") recognize seem have (meaning "own") prefer doubt consist of mean

Dynamic Verbs eat drink go type read write listen speak watch say grow work sleep cook talk

3. like prefer mean need 4. dislike remember seem know love forget understand belong hate believe want own

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

depending on their meaning. o

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5. Here are some a few verbs that can be both state and action verbs
I think you made a mistake. think = believe I am thinking about my mum now. think = mental process o I have two cars. have = possess, own I am having my lunch now. have = eat o I am seeing my friend tomorrow evening. see = meeting with I see what you mean. See = understand

English Action and State Verbs - Practice

Decide if these English verbs are action verbs, state verbs, or can be both action and state verbs. enjoy weigh mind smell play matter contain look

read feel prefer hear burn measure agree worry

English Action and State Verbs - More Practice

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

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Choose the correct form of the verb depending on whether in this meaning it is an action or a state verb. If both the Present Continuous and the Present Simple tenses are possible, use the Present Continuous tense. You need to have cookies enabled in your browser to do this quiz.

1.

a) Why are you smelling the soup? b) Why do you smell the soup?

2.

a) She was feeling his arm on her shoulder. b) She felt his arm on her shoulder.

3.

a) Are you having an English dictionary? b) Do you have an English dictionary?

4.

a) What are you thinking about? b) What do you think about?

5.

a) I am feeling much better today. b) I feel much better today.

6.

a) What are you looking at? b) What do you look at?

7.

a) I am not hearing you. b) I can't hear you.

8.

a) What are you thinking of me? b) What do you think of me?

9.

a) I am feeling we should go home now. b) I feel we should go home now.

10.

a) This bread is tasting funny. b) This bread tastes funny.

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

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Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives.

Gerunds are formed with ING: Infinitives are formed with TO:

walking, talking, thinking, listening to walk, to talk, to think, to listen

Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs:

Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence:: Writing in English is difficult. To write in English is difficult. Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a verb:: I like writing in English. I like to write in English.

But...
Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition:: We are talking about writing in English.

It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you:
Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed:: I stopped smoking.

ESP course Bakkali Grammar

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(The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.) Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future:: I stopped to smoke. (I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)