Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 20 Study Guide 1.

Mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs: a) Mediastinum 2. Layer that protects the heart: a) Pericardium 3. To which side of the body is the apex pointed? a) To the left 4. What layer of the covering of the heart consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue? a) Fibrous Pericardium 5. Used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart: a) Pericardial (Serous) Fluid 6. This consists of mesothelium and connective tissue: a) Epicardium 7. Which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue: a) Myocardium 8. This is used to increase the capacity of the atrium. a) Auricle 9. This marks the boundary between the ventricles. a) Anterior and posterior ventricular sulcus 10. These extend into the auricle. a) Pectinate Muscle 11. Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle? a) Tricuspid Valve 12. What types of tissue comprise the valves of the heart? a) Dense Irregular Connective Tissue 13. From the left ventricle, where does blood pass? a) Aortic semilunar valve

14. In a fetus, this structure temporarily shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta: a) Ductus Arteriosus 15. As each ventricle contracts where does blood move: a) Into an artery 16. As each atrium contracts where does blood move? a) Through an atrioventricular valve 17. Which valve prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs? a) Pulmonary Valve 18. In this disorder the aortic valve is narrowed: a) Aortic Stenosis 19. This heart structure carries deoxygenated blood. a) Right Atrium and Ventricle 20. This vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the myocardium. a) Coronary Artery 21. Cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring fibers by: a) Gap Junction 22. This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart. a) Conduction System 23. What is the correct sequence of structures that allows the normal sequence of excitation to progress through the heart? a) SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers 24. By comparison, cardiac muscle cells have __________ contraction plateau time than skeletal muscle cells. a) A longer 25. This is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute. a) Cardiac Output 26. This term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction occurs and blood pressure rises. a) Systole

27. What period represents greatest cardiac output? a) Ventricular Systole 28. The second heart sound represents what event of the heartbeat: a) Semilunar Valves Closing 29. This part of the heart can initiate a contraction and can set a constant heart rate of about 100 beats per minute. a) Sinoatrial Node 30. Stimulation of this nerve reduces heart rate. a) Vagus Nerve 31. This part of the brain regulates heart rate. a) Medulla Oblongata 32. This electrical event represents repolarization of the ventricle: a) T Wave 33. What electrical event triggers contraction of the atria? a) P Wave