SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR KHALSA COLLEGE

(University of Delhi)

HOUSE EXAMINATIONS 2007-2008 B.Sc. Programme/III/NS MA302- Analysis, Algebra & Mechanics (For Physical Sciences/Applied Physical Sciences) (NC-Admission of 2005 onwords) Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 112 Do Unit I on one sheet and Unit II & Unit III on another answer sheet. Attempt All the questions Unit I (37 Marks) Analysis 1. (a) Show that the upper Riemann integral and the lower Riemann integral of a bounded function on a bounded closed interval exist. Give an example of a function whose upper Riemann integral is not equal to the lower Riemann integral. Justify your answer. 6.5 (b) Show that the function f defined on [ 0, 1] as :-

1 1 1 , when n+1 < x n , ( n = 0,1,2,3, .), f (0) = 0. n 2 2 2 1 2 is integrable over [ 0,1] and prove that f dx = . 3 0
f (x ) =

(c) Show that

1 (2m) = 2 2 m1 (m) m + , further prove that 2

1 3 = 2 4 4
Or (a) If f is defined on [0,1] as:

f ( x) = (1) r 1 , if
1

1 1 < x (r = 1,2,3,...) ; f (0) = 0 r +1 r

6.5

then show that

fdx = log 4 1 .
0

(b) Define Riemann integrability of a bounded function over a bounded closed interval [ a, b] . Give an example to prove that integrability of f does not imply integrability of f . 6 (c) Express

x (1 x ) dx in terms of Beta function and hence evaluate

m n p

x5 (1 x3 )3 dx

2. (a) Discuss the convergence of any two of the following:

x tan 1 x i. dx (1 + x 4 )1/3 1
(b) Show that:
1 1 1 1

ii.

x dx sin x

iii. e
0

x2

dx

x2 y2 x2 y 2 dx x 2 + y 2 dy = dy x 2 + y 2 dx . 0 0 0 0
(c) State Dirichlets test for convergence of the improper integral of a product of two

functions. Examine the convergence of

cos x x+x
Or
2

dx .

6.5

(a) State the Cauchys test for the convergence of

fdx .Using Cauchys test prove that

a

sin x dx is convergent. x 0

(b) Discuss the convergence of Beta function. (c) Define line integrals in
2

. Find the value of

( x + y ) dx + ( x
2

y dy taken in the

clockwise sense along the closed curve C formed by y 3 = x 2 and the chord joining (0, 0) & (1, 1). 6.5 Unit II (37 Marks) Linear Algebra 3. (a) Let V1 and V2 be nonzero subspaces of a vector space V. Prove that V = V1 V2 if and only if V = V1 + V2 and V1 V2 = {0} . (b) Let U and W be vector spaces over a field K. Define the external direct sum of U and W. Let U = {v V : v = (u, 02 )} and W = {v V : v = (01 , w)} . Show that U and W are subspaces of V, and hence V = U W . (c) (i) Let F : 2 2 be defined by F(x, y) = (x - y, x - 2y). Is F nonsingular? If not, find v 0 such that F (v) = 0. (ii) Let G : 2 2 be defined by G(x, y) = (2x - 4y, 3x - 6y). Is G nonsingular? If not, find v 0 such that G (v) = 0. 6+6+6 Or

(a) Let : f1 = (1, 0), f 2 = (2, 1), f3 = (4,3) be three vectors in

3
3 2

. Let {e1 , e2 , e3 } be the

. Let T : be the linear transformation defined by standard basis for the 3 space T (e1 ) = f1 , T (e2 ) = f 2 , T (e3 ) = f3 . Find T (2, -3, 5) and T (1, 0, -10). (b) If V1 , V2 and V3 are subspaces of V, show that: V3 (V1 , V2 ) (V3 V1 ) + (V3 V2 ). Give an example to show that the above two spaces may not be equal in general. (c) Find the range, rank, kernel and nullity of the following linear transformations (i) T : 2 3 such that: T(x, y) = (x, x + y, y), (ii) T : 3 2 such that: T(x, y, z, t) = (x t, y + z, z - t). 6+6+6 4. (a) Define isomorphism between two vector spaces. Let V be an n-dimensional vector space over F. Then V is isomorphic to the space F n . (b) Define Invertible operators. Prove that: A linear transformation TL(V, V) is invertible if and only if T is one to one and onto. (c) Show that there is a unique linear map T : 2 2 for which T (1, 2 ) = ( 2, 3 ) and 6+6+7 T (0, 1) = (1, 4). Find T(5, 6) and T-1(-2, 7). Or (a) Let T be a linear operator on R3, defined by T( x, y, z ) = ( 3x, x y, 2x + y + z ), show that T is invertible and find the rule by which T-1 is defined. (b) (i) Let T : V W be linear transformation. Suppose v1 , v2 ,..., vn V have the property that their images T (v1 ), T (v2 ),..., T (vn ) are linearly independent. Show that the vectors v1 , v2 ,..., vn are also linearly independent. (ii) Suppose the linear mapping T : V W is one-to-one and onto. Show that the inverse mapping T 1 : W V is also linear. (c) (i) Let T be a linear operator on V. If T2 = 0, what can you say about the relation of the range of T to the null space of T? Give an example of linear operator T of R2 such that T2 = 0, but T 0. (ii) Define projection map P in A(V). Show that V = U W , where U is the image of P and W is the kernel of P 7+6+6 Unit III (38 Marks) Mechanics 5. (a) Three forces acting at a point are parallel to the sides of a triangle ABC, taken in order and have their magnitude proportional to the cosine of the opposite angles. Show that the resultant is proportional to 1 8cos A cos B cos C . (b) A light ladder is supported on a rough floor and leans against a smooth wall. How far up the ladder can a man climb without slipping taking place? (c) A portion of a circular disk of radius r is cut off by a straight cut of length 2c. Find the position of the mass center of the larger portion. 6+6+7 Or (a) Two beads of weights w and w can slide on a smooth circular wire in a vertical plane. They are connected by a light string which subtends an angle 2 at the centre of the circle

when the beads are in equilibrium on the upper half of the wire. Prove that the inclination of the string to the horizontal is given by w w' tan = tan . w + w' (b) A ladder of weight W rests at an angle to the horizontal, with its ends resting on a smooth floor and against a smooth vertical wall. The lower end is joined by a rope to the junction of the wall and the floor. Find, in terms of W and , the tension of the rope and the reactions at the wall and the ground. (Assume that the weight of the ladder acts at its middle point.) If W = 53.4lb wt and = 76.2, find the tension in the rope. (c) Find the potential energy of a particle attracted toward a fixed point by a force of k2 magnitude n , r being the distance from the fixed point and k, n are any constants. r 6+6+7 (a) Two light rings can slide on a rough horizontal rod. The rings are connected by a light inextensible string of length a, to the mid point of which is attached a weight W. Show that the greatest distance between the rings, consistent with the equilibrium of the system, is a , 1+ 2 where is the coefficient of friction between either ring and the rod. (b) A uniform bar AB, 10 ft long, is hinged at B and supported in a vertical plane by a light string AC which connects A to a point C, 10 ft directly above B. If AB weights 20 lb and AC = 15 ft, find the tension in AC and reaction at B. (Assume that the weight of AB acts through its middle.) (c) Find the mass center of a wire bent into the form of an isosceles right angled triangle. 7+6+6 Or (a) Two weights, W1 and W2, rest on a rough plane inclined at an angle to the horizon, being connected by a string which lies along a line of greatest slope. If 1 , 2 are their coefficients of friction with the plane, and 1 > tan > 2 , prove that, if they are both on the point of slipping, W + 2W2 . tan = 1 1 W1 + W2 (b) A light rigid rod of length 2b, terminated by heavy particles of weight w, W, is placed inside a smooth hemispherical bowl of radius a, which is fixed with its rim horizontal. If the particle of weight w rests just below the rim of the bowl, prove that wa 2 = W (2b 2 a 2 ) . (c) Show that a field of force with components (X, Y) is conservative if, and only if, X Y . = y x 7+6+6