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Argument 1 Definitions of technologies being discussed..4
Top 1.1) Sensor Fuzed Weaponry Def (Deagal 11) Top 1.2) Dual Purposed Improved Conventional Munition (Global Security 10) Top 1.3) Sensor Fuzed Weapons Definition (Global Security 10)

Argument 2 Russia Will Use US Funded Bombs to Terrorize Civilians6

DA 2.1) Russia Dropped Cluster Bombs in Populated Areas in Georgia (Human Rights Watch 08) DA 2.2) Specifics on Russias Attacks on Georgian Civilians (Human Rights Watch 08) DA 2.3) How HRW found out about the Attack (Human Rights Watch 08) DA 2.4) The Russia have Cluster Bombed Civilian Areas of Georgia (The Times 08) DA 2.5) Russia has intentionally targeted civilians (Amnesty 09) DA 2.6) The Russia Military has bombed civilian targets in Chechnya (its own people) (Global Security 05)

Argument 3: The Technology is Not Available to Sell to Russia9

Solv 3.1) The US does not have enough high tech cluster munitions to sell internationally (DOS 08) Solv 3.2) The technology is just coming in place to create at 99% dud rate (DOS 08) Solv 3.3) The self destruct features do not always work (UNIDR 06) Solv 3.4) Test dud rates may not be achievable on the battlefield (UNIDR 06) Solv 3.5) The self destruct feature fails when used with other bombs (UNIDR 06)

Argument 4: The Russians are already attempting to acquire weaponry11

Inh 4.1) Russia is Attempting to get sensor fuzzed weapons (UNIDR 06) Inh 4.2) Russia has sensor fuzed munitions (Wired 08) Inh 4.3) Russia has Sensor Fuzed Submunitions (FAS 10) RJK Page 1 of 18

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Argument 5: $2billion is a lot of money..14

DA 5.1) $2billion is equal to the annual income of you and 51,712 of your friends (Wallstats 08) DA 5.2) $2 Billion is equal to the taxes of you and 206,848 of your friends (Wallstats 08) DA 5.3) $2bil is equal to twice the winnings of every Powerball in 2007 (Wallstats 08) DA 5.4) $2billion is almost 2x the GDP of Djibouti (World Bank 09) DA 5.5) $2billion is greater than the entire GDP of Sierra Leone (World Bank 09)

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Strat Notes: None of the first four arguments in this brief work together, so pick whichever one appeals to you and run with it. The fifth one works with any as it is a generic funding argument where you argue band for your buck. I honestly think the strongest argument is to restate their plan like this: The US is going to give $2billion dollars worth of high tech extremely efficient and fail safe bombs to an aggressive expansionist nation led by a quasi dictator who uses military force against his own populace in the name of saving lives. At best this is the greatest paradox in history. Also Green/Voell only claim to save 127 lives so cost per life saved has a good argument behind it that it is unreasonable high.

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Argument 1 Definitions of technologies being discussed

Top 1.1) Sensor Fuzzed Weaponry Def Degel.com. CBU-97/CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapon. Degal.com. degal.com. 2011 The CBU-97/CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapon (SFW) is a 1,000-pound class submunition dispenser designed to effectively engage and destroy heavy armored vehicles both stationary and moving. The US Air Force might use this weapon to stop heavy armor forces in the event of a regional crisis getting more time for coalition forces to arrive to the theater of operations. As the remaining cluster bombs, the SFW can be integrated onto the majority of tactical aircraft operated by the US and allied countries. (RJK) http://www.deagel.com/Bombs-and-Guidance-Kits/CBU-97-SFW_a000942001.aspx Accessed January 3, 2011 Top 1.2) Dual Purposed Improved Conventional Munition Global Security. Dual Purposed Improved Conventional Munitions. Global Security. Globalsecurity.org. 2010 The US Army-developed M80 Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) incorporates a shaped charge and an enhanced fragmentation case for use against material and personnel targets. Each MLRS warhead contains 644 M77 Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions (DPICM) bomblets. The armed M77 submunitions detonate on impact. The antimateriel capability is provided through a shaped charge with a built-in standoff. The M77 can penetrate up to four inches of armor. Its steel case fragments and produces antipersonnel effects with a radius of 4 m. (RJK) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/dpicm.htm Accessed January 2, 2011

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NVCC Property Robert Koehnke Top 1.3) Sensor Fuzzed Weapons Def

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Global Security. CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapons. Global Security. Globalsecurity.org. 2010 The CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon cluster munition combines 10 submunitions with 4 skeet type warheads in a single dispenser, providing 40 weapons total. After release, a fuze causes the dispenser to disperse the 10 submunitions, each stabilized by a parachute. At a preset altitude a rocket fires, propelling the submunition in an upward vector. As the submunition climbs, it is spun to disperse the 4 internal skeet warheads randomly by centrifugal force. An IR sensor in each warhead searches for a target, and upon discovery detonates over it, firing a kinetic fragment. The fragment drives itself through the lightly armored top of the target. If no target is found, the sensor detonates the warhead above ground to spray the battlefield with a myriad of lethal fragments. This weapon is good against armor and soft skinned targets, covering a 4,800 square yard area (RJK) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/cbu-97.htm Accessed January 3, 2011

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Argument 2 Russia Will Use US Funded Bombs to Terrorize Civilians

DA 2.1) Russia Dropped Cluster Bombs in Populated Areas in Georgia Human Rights Watch. Georgia: Russian Cluster Bombs Kill Civilians. Human Rights Watch. hrw.org. August 15, 2008 Human Rights Watch researchers have uncovered evidence that Russian aircraft dropped cluster bombs in populated areas in Georgia, killing at least 11 civilians and injuring dozens, Human Rights Watch said today. Human Rights Watch called upon Russia to immediately stop using cluster bombs, weapons so dangerous to civilians that more than 100 nations have agreed to ban their use. (RJK) http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/08/15/georgia-russian-cluster-bombs-kill-civilians Accessed January 1, 2011

DA 2.2) Specifics on Russias Attacks on Georgian Civilians Human Rights Watch. Georgia: Russian Cluster Bombs Kill Civilians. Human Rights Watch. hrw.org. August 15, 2008 Human Rights Watch said Russian aircraft dropped RBK-250 cluster bombs, each containing 30 PTAB 2.5M submunitions, on the town of Ruisi in the Kareli district of Georgia on August 12, 2008. Three civilians were killed and five wounded in the attack. On the same day, a cluster strike in the center of the town of Gori killed at least eight civilians and injured dozens, Human Rights Watch said. Dutch journalist Stan Storimans was among the dead. Israeli journalist Zadok Yehezkeli was seriously wounded and evacuated to Israel for treatment after surgery in Tbilisi. An armored vehicle from the Reuters news agency was perforated with shrapnel from the attack. (RJK) http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/08/15/georgia-russian-cluster-bombs-kill-civilians Accessed January 1, 2011

DA 2.3) How HRW found out about the Attack RJK Page 7 of 18

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Human Rights Watch. Georgia: Russian Cluster Bombs Kill Civilians. Human Rights Watch. hrw.org. August 15, 2008 Georgians look at the remnants of an RBK-250 cluster bomb dropped by Russian aircraft on the village of Ruisi, near South Ossetia, Tuesday, Aug. 12, 2008. Human Rights Watch has identified the weapon as a RBK-250 cluster bomb. Human Rights Watch researchers interviewed numerous victims, doctors, and military personnel in Georgia. They examined photos of craters and video footage of the August 12 attack on Gori. Human Rights Watch has also seen a photo of the submunition carrier assembly and nose cone of an RBK-250 bomb in Gori. The Gori video showed more than two dozen simultaneous explosions during the attack, which is characteristic of cluster bombs. Two persons wounded in Gori described multiple simultaneous explosions at the time of the attack. Craters in Gori were also consistent with a cluster strike. (RJK) http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/08/15/georgia-russian-cluster-bombs-kill-civilians Accessed January 1, 2011

DA 2.4) The Russia have Cluster Bombed Civilian Areas of Georgia Nico Hines. (Writer The Times) Russia accused of dropping cluster bombs on Georgian civilians. The Times. timesonline.co.uk. August 15, 2008 Russian military aircraft have deployed controversial and indiscriminately deadly cluster bombs on civilian areas of Georgia according to an international rights group. (RJK) http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article4539186.ece Accessed January 1, 2011

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NVCC Property Robert Koehnke DA 2.5) Russia has intentionally targeted civilians

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Amnesty International. Russian Federation 2009 Report. Amnesty International. amnestry.org. 2009 Russian aerial and artillery attacks took place over 8 to 12 August. While most of the bombardments appeared to have targeted Georgian military positions outside of built-up areas, villages and towns were also hit amid reports that some attacks may have been indiscriminate, or directly targeted civilians and/or civilian infrastructure. (RJK) http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/russia/report-2009 Accessed January 1, 2011

DA 2.6) The Russia Military has bombed civilian targets in Chechnya (its own people) Global Security. First Chechnya War. globalsecurity.org. globalsecurity.org. Last Updated April 27, 2005 Russian military aircraft bombed both military and civilian targets in Groznyy, the capital of the [Chechnya] republic. Regular army and MVD troops crossed the border into Chechnya on December 10 to surround Groznyy. Beginning in late December 1994, following major Chechen resistance, there was massive aerial and artillery bombardment of Chechnya's capital, Groznyy, resulting in a heavy loss of civilian life and hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons. Air strikes continued through the month of December and into January, causing extensive damage and heavy civilian casualties. According to press reports, there were up to 4,000 detonations an hour at the height of the winter campaign against Groznyy. (RJK) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/chechnya1.htm Accessed January 11, 2011

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Argument 3: The Technology is Not Available to Sell to Russia

The argument is that currently the US can only sell bombs with a 1% dud rate. We currently do not have enough of that rate to meet our own military needs and to sell internationally. Since we do not have enough to sell on the open market we also can not have enough to be giving them away for free to Russia and still be able to outfit our own military. Solv 3.1) The US does not have enough high tech cluster munitions to sell internationally Ambassador Stephen D. Mull. (Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs) On the Record Briefing On US Cluster Munitions Policy. US Department of State Office of the Spokesperson. america.org. May 21, 2008 (Authors Note this is a transcript of an interview) Well, we are we are not again, were forbidden by law of by providing cluster munitions that have a less than 99 percent reliability. Were in the process of making our own internal transformation in our own military, so were I dont think theres a supply of those at that reliability rate that were able, practically, to provide them. So we are not now, because of this law, in effect, providing cluster munitions to foreign partners. (RJK) http://www.america.gov/st/texttransenglish/2008/May/20080522163101eaifas0.8921015.html#ixzz19qX9ENQ6 Accessed January 1, 2011

Solv 3.2) The technology is just coming in place to create at 99% reliability rate Ambassador Stephen D. Mull. (Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs) On the Record Briefing On US Cluster Munitions Policy. US Department of State Office of the Spokesperson. america.org. May 21, 2008 (Authors Note this is a transcript of an interview) QUESTION: Okay. And I was confused on one part. You said that there was a law stating that only 99 percent reliability weapons could be sold, but then you said also that none are being sold. So is it the law says it, but you arent selling any? Is that what youre AMBASSADOR MULL: Well, its because we that you know, theyre just the technology is just coming into place to produce weapons of that reliability. (RJK) http://www.america.gov/st/texttransenglish/2008/May/20080522163101eaifas0.8921015.html#ixzz19qYSzgdC

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NVCC Property Robert Koehnke Solv. 3.3) The self destruct features do not always work

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Mark Hiznay. (senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch) Operational and Technical Aspects of Cluster Munitions. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. unidr.org. 2006 Self-destruct features reduce, but they do not eliminate, the UXO [unexploded ordinance] problem caused by clustermunition use. A certain percentage (unknown and dependent on many factors) of failed submunitions of this type will still be hazardous if disturbed or handled. In terms of the relative safety of failed DPICM [Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions] submunitions in the field, only people trained in this particular aspect of explosive ordnance disposal will be able to visually recognize the difference between a submunition that is armed or unarmed, with or without a self-destruct function, which has been either successful or unsuccessful, and a fully hazardous DPICM dud. Most experts are trained to treat these failed submunitions as hazardous, and to neutralize them in situ. (RJK) http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2530.pdf Accessed January 2, 2011

Solv 3.4) Test dud rates may not be achievable on the battlefield Mark Hiznay. (senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch) Operational and Technical Aspects of Cluster Munitions. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. unidr.org. 2006 While technological improvements present one avenue to help remedy the cluster-munition problem, there is reason to question whether a technical fix is truly feasible, and whether it is a valid approach on a global scale. There is reason to question whether even the most advanced military will be able to lower the failure rate sufficiently to offset the dangers posed by the release of hundreds, or even thousands, of submunitions at a time. There is reason to question whether the low reliability rates that may be achieved in testing will ever be reproduced under battle conditions, or in operational environments. There is reason to question how accurate a weapon can be when it is designed to cover a broad area. (RJK) http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2530.pdf Accessed January 2, 2011

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Solv 3.5) The self destruct feature fails when used with other bombs Mark Hiznay. (senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch) Operational and Technical Aspects of Cluster Munitions. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. unidr.org. 2006 Most importantly, the advantage of the self-destruct feature is entirely cancelled out when known, high-failure rate cluster munitions are used in the same area. UK forces faced this dilemma in Iraq in 2003 when they were using cluster munitions with a self-destruct feature, but then US artillery fired high-failure rate cluster munitions in their support. (RJK) http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2530.pdf Accessed January 2, 2011

Argument 4: The Russians are already attempting to acquire weaponry

Inh 4.1) Russia is Attempting to get sensor fuzzed weapons Mark Hiznay. (senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch) Operational and Technical Aspects of Cluster Munitions. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. unidr.org. 2006 Yet the most visible activity in the international market for cluster munitions revolves around the technically advanced sensor-fuzed weapons. The United States intends to export CBU97/105 sensorfuzed weapon cluster bombs to Oman, Poland, Republic of Korea and the United Arab Emirates. Sensor-fuzed weapons are also being researched, produced or acquired by France, Germany, India, Kuwait, Poland, [the] Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. In February 2006, India became the third export customer, buying 28 launch units for the Russian-produced 300mm Smerch multiple launch rocket system fitted with dual-purpose, sensor-fuzed submunitions. (RJK) http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2530.pdf Accessed January 2, 2011

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NVCC Property Robert Koehnke Inh 4.2) Russia has sensor fuzed munitions

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David Hambling. Russias Can of Whup Ass. wired.com. wired.com June 7, 2008 The sensor-fuzed weapon is one of the most sophisticated weapons in the US air-to-ground arsenal. This is a 1,000-pound bomb which releases forty small BLU-108 submunitions, over an area the size of 20 football fields. Each BLU-108 (or "cans of whup ass" as some call them) scans the area below with an infra-red sensor; on detecting an armored vehicle below, it fires an explosively formed penetrator with lethal accuracy. The EFP is capable of piercing the thin top armor and scoring a mobility kill any known tank: basically, there goes your engine. A single sensor-fuzed weapon will knock out several vehicles in a formation; an aircraft armed with several of them could stop a large-scale armored assault in its tracks. (The video, above, is a reconstruction of a B-52 which took out a battalion-sized Iraqi force in one pass using sensorfuzed weapons.) It turns out the Russian have their own version. This is a 500-kilogram bomb made by Bazalt, termed SPBE-D. The similarities with the SFW are obvious the way the submunitions are scattered, the infra-red sensor to look for vehicles, and the EFP kill mechanism. There are some differences, however. The Russian submunitions are much larger, with only 15 rather than 40 in each bomb. And they weigh four times as much as their American counterparts. Bazalt claim that each bomb can knock out six tanks. (RJK) http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2008/06/russias-cans-of/ Accessed January 3, 2011

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4.3) Russia has Sensor Fuzed Submunitions Walter L. Williams. Advanced Artillery Munitions Status. Federation of American Scientists. fas.org. Last Updated October 21, 2010

SENSOR-FUZED SUBMUNITIONS (SFSM) NAME MOTIV-3M (RUSSIA) TYPE OF MUNITION 300-mm MRL STATUS Produced, limited fielding. Sales pending to 4 countries (India, Bulgaria, Others) Production due in 2002-2003 Fielding due in 1999, foreign sales to Middle East likely by 2002. REMARKS IR

MCS-E1 (RUSSIA)

152-mm Cannon

IR & MMW

UNIVERSAL SUBMUNITION (RUSSIA)

122-mm MRL

IR & MMW

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/ADHPM.htm Accessed January 3, 2011

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Argument 5: $2billion is a lot of money

DA 5.1) $2billion is equal to the annual income of you and 51,712 of your friends Wall Stats. Visualizing One Billion Dollars. wallstats.com. wallstats.com. May 30, 2008

http://www.wallstats.com/blog/visualizing-one-billion-dollars/ Accessed January 3, 2011 DA 5.2) $2 Billion is equal to the taxes of you and 206,848 of your friends Wall Stats. Visualizing One Billion Dollars. wallstats.com. wallstats.com. May 30, 2008

http://www.wallstats.com/blog/visualizing-one-billion-dollars/ Accessed January 3, 2011

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DA 5.3) $2bil is equal to twice the winnings of every Powerball in 2007 Wall Stats. Visualizing One Billion Dollars. wallstats.com. wallstats.com. May 30, 2008

http://www. wallstats.com/blog/visualizing-one-billion-dollars/ Accessed January 3, 2011 DA 5.4) $2billion is almost 2x the GDP of Djibouti The World Bank. Gross Domestic Product 2009. World Development Indicators Database, worldbacnk.org, December 15, 2010 Djibouti 1,049 [GDP in millions of US dollars] (RJK) http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf Accessed January 8, 2011 DA 5.5) $2billion is greater than the entire GDP of Sierra Leone The World Bank. Gross Domestic Product 2009. World Development Indicators Database, worldbacnk.org, December 15, 2010 Sierra Leone 1,942 [GDP in millions of US dollars] (RJK) http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf Accessed January 8, 2011

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Bibliography
Amnesty International: (commonly known as Amnesty and AI) is an international nongovernmental organisation. Its stated mission is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated." Founded in London in 1961, Amnesty draws attention to human rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws and standards. It works to mobilise public opinion to exert pressure on governments that perpetrate abuses. The organisation was awarded the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize for its "campaign against torture", and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978. In the field of international human rights organisations (of which there were 300 in 1996), Amnesty has the longest history and broadest name recognition, and "is believed by many to set standards for the movement as a whole." (RJK) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International Accessed January 1, 2011 GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source of background information and developing news stories in the fields of defense, space, intelligence, WMD, and homeland security. Launched in 2000, GlobalSecurity.org is the most comprehensive and authoritative online destination for those in need of both reliable background information and breaking news. GlobalSecurity.org, is well-respected, trusted and often-referenced in the media, both domestically and internationally. (RJK) http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/overview/history.htm Accessed January 1, 2011 Human Rights Watch: Pursuant to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Watch opposes violations of what it considers basic human rights, which include capital punishment and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Human Rights Watch advocates freedoms in connection with fundamental human rights, such as freedom of religion and the press. Human Rights Watch produces research reports on violations of international human rights norms as set out by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and what it perceives to be other internationally accepted human rights norms. These reports are used as the basis for drawing international attention to abuses and pressuring governments and international organizations to reform. Researchers conduct fact-finding missions to investigate suspect situations and generate coverage in local and international media. Issues raised by Human Rights Watch in its reports include social and gender discrimination, torture, military use of children, political corruption, abuses in criminal justice systems, and the legalization of abortion. Human Rights Watch documents and reports violations of the laws of war and international humanitarian law. (RJK) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch Accessed January 1, 2011 The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research: (UNIDIR) was established in 1980 by the United Nations General Assembly to inform States and the global community on questions of international security, and to assist with disarmament efforts so as to facilitate progress toward greater security and economic and social development for all. Recognizing the need for objective, empirical and comprehensive research on disarmament and security, the RJK Page 17 of 18

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General Assembly specified that UNIDIR would be an autonomous entity within the United Nations structure, so that its work could be conducted in scientific independence. (RJK) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research Accessed January 2, 2011 The Times: is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785, when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of News International. News International is entirely owned by the News Corporation group, headed by Rupert Murdoch. Though traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper and a supporter of the Conservatives, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2005, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, 26% for Labour. (RJK) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times Accessed January 1, 2011

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