TAYAMUM

Definition:
Literally : Aiming at something, such as Allah’s saying: “And do not
even aim at getting anything which is bad, in order that our of it
you may ayat 267
give away something.”
Legally : Using pure earth on the face and arms instead of
(performing)
wudu, ghusl, or washing a certain part of the body within specific
conditions.
w/ intention

Al-Nisa 4:43
O ye who believe! Approach not prayers with a mind befogged, until ye can
understand all that ye say,- nor in a state of ceremonial impurity (Except
when travelling on the road), until after washing your whole body. If ye are
ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from offices of nature, or ye have
been in contact with women, and ye find no water, then take for yourselves
clean sand or earth, and rub therewith your faces and hands. For God doth
blot out sins and forgive again and again.

The evidence of tayamum:

The evidence for tayamum can be found the Quran, the sunna and
the
consensus. The evidence that tayamum is permissible in case of
minor
hadath is Allahy’s saying: “If you are ill or on a journey or one of
you
comes from relieving one’s self, or your have been in contact with
women and you find no water, then take for yourselves pure earth.”
With regard to pure hadath

Umran Ibn Hussain said: Once we were

traveling with the Prophet “Allah’s blessing and peace be upon him”
and he led the people in prayer. After he finished from prayer, he
saw a
 man sitting aside who had not prayed with the people. He asked: “O
so-
and-so! What had detained you from praying with us? He said: “I am
in
a state of janaba and there is no water. “The Prophet (PBUH) said:
Perform tayamum with (pure) earth for that is sufficient for you.””

Janaba- one is impurity after sexual intercourse

He said: “I am in
a state of janaba and there is no water impurity that need to
remove by performing Ghusl (islamic full showr) stealing is forbidden
but the soil even if it is stolen is valid to use to perform tayamum
major hadat—janaba, menstruation & labour or delivery of baby
hadith albuharri

Cases that tayamum is permitted

1. no water
2. if we have difficulty to use water
3. cold weather
range of help 120-160m u walk about 20 min
range of proximity 6000 footstep 45 mins walk

Cases in which the tayamum is permitted:

1- Lack of water, sick or cold weather

1. If one is certain that there is no water, he can perform tayamum

without 1searching for water.
2. If one suspect the existence of water he should look for it in his house
and at his friends’ within the range of help. If does not find water he can
perform tayamum and pray.
3. If one is certain that water exists he should search look for it within
the Range of proximity. If water beyond this range he can make tayamum
And pray. When sure that one can obtain water by waiting until the end
of the prayer’s time, then it is better to delay the prayer. Searching
should be performed by looking to the right, left, front and back. If
there is a barrier like a mountain one should climb it and look around. If
there is a friend with is a friend with him he should ask him for water.
 Therefore,, one who lacks water should search for it before
performing
tayamum unless one is certain that it does not exist, for Allah
says: “And
you find no water, then take pure earth for yourselves”. You
cannot say
“find no water” until you search for it.

7: the well, spring river, purified water, pond, lake,

3 attributes on how u can tell water is najis: color, smell or taste
+
condition on when to find water
1. safety of the people w/ u, animal and u
2. don’t risk your treasure, money
3. don’t risk your group
4. don’t risk the expiration time of the prayer
5. do not search for water b4 prayer time

Lack of water
If one is certain that there is no water, he can perform tayamum without
searching for water.
If one suspect the existence of water he should look for it in his house
and at his friends’ within the range of help. If does not find water he can
perform tayamum and pray.
If one is certain that water exists he should search look for it within the
Range of proximity. If water beyond this range he can make tayamum
And pray. When sure that one can obtain water by waiting until the end of
the prayer’s time, then it is better to delay the prayer. Searching should be
performed by looking to the right, left, front and back. If there is a barrier
like a mountain
Sequel:
1. If, after searching, one finds an amount of water that is not sufficient to
wash all the parts of wudu, or ghusl, one should use it as far as it will go, and
then perform tayamum in place the rest. Abu Hurayrah narrated that the
Prophet (ABAPBUH) said: if I order you to do something then do as much of
it as you can. Scholars of fiqh have agreed that what is possible is not to be
left on account of what is impossible. Therefore, if one is purifying himself
from minor hadath, he should first purify (wash) his face, then his arms, and
so forth, according to the prescribed order in wudu, In major hadath, it is
recommended to follow a set order by starting at the top of the body then
the lower parts and so on.
For rejecting performing one of Islam’s pillars, or committing a capital
crime, such as convicted married adulterer or a murderer.
debt that involves the whole of one’s money. A debt which involves
part of
one’s money does not prevent from buying water.

1. If, after searching, one finds an amount of water that is not sufficient to
wash all the parts of wudu, or ghusl, one should use it as far as it will go, and
then perform tayamum in place the rest. Abu Hurayrah narrated that the
Prophet (ABAPBUH) said: if I order you to do something then do as much of
it as you can. Scholars of fiqh have agreed that what is possible is not to be
left on account of what is impossible. Therefore, if one is purifying himself
from minor hadath, he should first purify (wash) his face, then his arms, and
so forth, according to the prescribed order in wudu, In major hadath, it is
recommended to follow a set order by starting at the top of the body then
the lower parts and so on.

2. If someone, who is in a state of minor or major hadath, has a najasa on his

Body and has an amount of water that is enough for one of the other, then
he should remove the najasa first (with water) and then perform tayamum to
lift the hadath because najasa, unlike hadath, can only be removed by water.
Similarly, if one (who is in a state of hadath) has some perfume, then he
should wash the wudu and then use it for removing the perfume the he
should do so. If someone (in ihram) has both a najasa and perfume on his
body he should wash away the najasa first.

3. If someone in a state of hadath, some in a state of janaba (major hadath),

a menstruant, someone who has amterial najasa on his body, and dead person
are all in the same place and there is water that is enough for one of them
only, then if this water belongs to one of them he is the most eligible person
to use it and should not give it to anyone. If they partners in the ownership
of the water, then they should divide it equally amongst them, and no one
should give up his share to another person, whether or not this share is
sufficient for his purification. If the partners in it and they should divide it
equally between them.
If a dead person has some water and his companions fear that they may die,
of thirst, they can drink this water and perform tayamum for him,
and pay
the price of the water into the deceased heritage.

Priority: to those ppl who need ghusl—or ppl need to get najasha out—
urgently

We can took the water of the 1 who died… look for his family or sm1 who has
the right to inherited his things and pay for it

Illness---accrdg to hadith: a man died bcoz of ignorance

1 was hit by a stone in his head & bleeding & had wet dream so he
needs ghusl…if u ask he cud be saved…tie a cloth in his head & wipe the blood

cold weather---no way to heat water(no electricity, no hot water, no means)

4CONDITIONS U HAVE TO REPEAT PRAYER

1-if u get hot water u have to renew your prayer
2-if water was shut off and it suddenly comes u must repeat prayer
3-you r traveling w/o escort u need to repeat when u get water
4-if u r going somewhere where there is usually water, but when u get there
is no water u must repeat your prayers when u find water

when injured: over w/cast----should repeat

face 1part
2 arms 1 part
2 legs 1 part
tayamum needs to touch the skin
so when w/ cast u need to repeat the prayer

but when ur injured in other place except face and hands and u have to do
ghusl or wudu b4 havin the cast so u will not repeat prayer
if the cast is bigger than the injury you repeat prayers, but if cast is the
same size as injury you don't need to repeat as long as you you have purity
if u wear the cast & didn’t do purity
if cast is too big

6 conditions to use tayamum

1-must need or meet 3 conditions no water, sick & cold weather
2-must perform tayamum w/ pure earth=accdng to hadith
(1) pure earth-al a’araf 7:58>>>from the land that is pure and good>>>from
Shafi>>>earth that wud be able to grow the plant; plain growing soil
(2) prophet say we have favor than other ppl
>>>A) our roles are made like the angels(more blessed)
>>>B) the whole earth has been made as masjid for us—we can pray anywhr
>>>C) we can use earth when no water

we cant use this soil in tayamum:

1--we cant use wet soil
2--hardened soil
3—when the soil is used already—dropped from smbody else body
4—mixed w/ najasah= urine, feces,manure,blood
*CAN USE STOLEN SOIL
*SOIL FROM GRAVEYARD BUT NOT DISTURB 1-not in touch w/
najasah
5—if in a group we can use the same soil in a container for tayamum
6—if traveling from this place to another place—and w/ no water
bring w/ u a small bag of soil coz u will only tap on it
---can place the soil over the back of the animals, rock, cushion, cloth

The conditions of tayamum:

The same conditions of the validity of purity in wudu and ghusl apply in
addition to the following:
1. The excuse which facilitates tayamum must exist as explained earlier.
>>>>no water, sick or cold weather
2. Tayamum must be the Prophet (Allah’s blessing and peace be upon him)
said: “We have been favored over other people by three things. Our rows
have been made like those of the angels, the whole earth has been made as a
mosque for us, and we can use its earth in our purification if we find no
water.”
Also, Allah says: Then take for yourselves pure earth.” The scholars of
Shafi’i school of thought have interpreted “pure earth” as the plant-growing
soil based on Allah’s saying: :From the land that is pure and good, by the will
of its cherisher, springs up produce, (rich) after its kind.” The “earth” is
that which has dust therefore it is not valid, according to the Shafi’i school
of thought, to perform tayamum using anything other than soil, such as:
- Wet soil because it sticks to the body and does not have dust.
- Hardened soil unless it is crushed so that it has dust.
- Used soil (soil that remains on the body of scatters from it) because using
it would deprive it of its purifying ability and hence would become non-
purifying pure soil.
-Soil mixed with najasa, be it a small or large amount.
It is valid to perform tayamum with:
- Stolen soil though stealing is forbidden (haram)
- Soil of graveyard that has not been disturbed, because the soil of
graveyards where the soil has been disturbed is najis. If one has doubts as
to whether the soil is exhumed, then tayamum is valid because the initial
presumption of all things is their purity.

It is valid for a group of people to perform tayamum from the same place, in
a similar way that it is allowed for them to perform wudu from the same
vessel or container. One can perform tayamum several times from a small
amount of soil that he takes with him in a cloth, or the like he can perform
wudu from the same container several times. One can also perform tayamum
from soil on as cushion, clothing rug, wall, instrument, or even the back of a
pure animal. Abu Juhaim Al-Ansari said: The Prophet (Allah’s blessing and
peace be upon him’ (ABAPBUH) came back from the direction of Be’r Jamal
and man met him and greeted him.
The Prophet (PBUH) did not answer him until he came to a wall and wiped his
face and hands then answered the man’s greetings. Also, tayamum is using
pure earth and there is no difference whether it is on the ground or on
something else.
3- The soil should not contain flour or gypsum which can prevent the soil
from reaching the skin. Hence, using fine soil that has been mixed with
sand and is permissible.
4- remove all najasah from ones body
5- tayamum can only be performed once prayer time has started
6- tayamum must be performed for every obligatory prayer
khutbah=firday speech// khatib= the person give the speech(the speaker)

when traveling you can combine these salats

Dhur + Asr

Magrib + Isha
tayamum must be made for each salat (for each obligatory salat
khatib he is the only one that can perform tayamum b4 prayer time begins

HOW TO DO TAYAMUM—we cannot renew like in wudu this are the

obligatory
1—conveying the earth—hit on earth w/ palm
2—intention—I intend to perform tayamum to permit the obligatory prayer
3—wipe up ur face & arms including the elbow
4—striking the earth 1st time—face
2nd to wipe ur arm—similar way w/ wudu
5—order>>face then arms

HADATH--impuruty

disobedient traveler- a woman who travel w/o a mahram

OBLIGATORY-
1-conveying soil to arms and facehand
2-intention- in intent to perform the tayamum in order to pray the
obligatory prayer/ sunnah prayer
3-wipe ur face arms until the elbow
4-hit it again soil—should not do more than 2x
5-order… should do this in order

Sunnah

1-…..bismillah (Tasmiya)
2-u have to open all your 10 fingers widely then hit the ground
3-convey the soil, blow off if too much soil
4-remove your ring in your finger
5-start on face, on the upper part of your face
6-start to wipe from your right arm then to your left arm
7-wipe up to elbow or upper near shoulder including armpit,
Ammar ibn Yaser--- accdg to him he saw the prophet wiping till their armpit
8-don’t hit on the ground morethan 2x
9-continuity of those movement,

marsh—a land that have water & mud, no dry land