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Analysis of Dynamometer Measurements w/ Dyno Cards, Valve Test and Analysis Plots
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Need Pumping Unit lnformation: Typ, Unit Geometry, Direction of Rotation, Prime Mover Information
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Rod rypes, Rod Lengths, Rod Diameters, Pump Plunger Diameter, Pump lntake Depth, Polished Rod Diameter, Tubing Size
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Producins & static BHP, Fluids' gravties, and Producton rates, Tubing Head Pressure rrrr Tubing Fluid Gradient
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| -42
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Buoyancy Force, Fb
Steel Rods
3:;#:"J"r"#i^:"J
pressure
- Fb = Wra*0 .128*G
Wrf-Wra-Fb
Surf-ace Punrp Card Reference
Buoyant force is due the density of the fluid displaced by each rod.
l-43
urcl
Potver Selnlltar
Symptoms of Well Flowing up Tubing and/or Casingl Measured TV and SV loads Approximately Equal
(,atve.qnaty$ts
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l-.],=-rlted Fluid
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Click
Applv
button to Adjust SV to Buoyant Rod Wgt.
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Had Wgt.
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| -44
FFTSIJ1
Clicking
Applv
button to Adjust SV to Buoyant Rod Wgt.
2.
The
Selected
SV Check Load is adjusted to exactly rnatch the Calc. Buoyant Rod Wgt.
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| -45
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| -46
Pumping cycle was interrupted on the Downstroke when the TV 2tB\ was open and SV was closed for a standing valve Pdis load check.
2)
sfnllxt rEilsTH
Pb
for
SV
2l89 psi
AFTER SV CLOSE; Af{D TV OPENS:
Pb = Pdis Pb > Pintk
3)
SV load measures
Pintk
sv:rv,,,
1.1.06
Ltrr,,,t 0.
I 2g* .\'G,
14
12.50
1?,
10.9{ 9.38
7.81 6.25
.1.69
10
3.13 1.56
0
Standing Valve Load Test (above right) is a representative and correctly taken standing valve test load. The load trace is located at the standing (SV) load line and is sometimes called Wrf. The rod string load is measured, not the load on the "standing valve". This test records the load on the sucker rod string when it is immersed in wellfluid and the standing valve is not leaking. SV load trace will usually be a flat line showing no weight gain unless the standing valve is leaking, or there is leakage from the pump or tubing.
Surface Pulnp Card Ref-erence
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-47
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l-48
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2l Pressure inside
3)
500 psi
AFTER TV CLOSES AND SV OPENS:
Pdis > Pb
Pb = Pintk
500 psi
weighs=Wrf+Fo.
14
12 -50
L p p: P
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P,,rk F
u- A P p* A,
SV
12 10,9.t 1
I I I 7
9.38
.81
6.25
.l -69
3.13
1.56
0
75.00
100.00
125.0C
-4e
SV
20.00
f
TV.
17.50
_t*_
15.00
12.50
10.00
7.50
5.00
2.50
Traveling Valve Load Test showing load loss during the traveling
valve check. The weight loss is usually associated with a leaky traveling valve or slippage of fluid due to the diametric clearances (0.008" above) between the pump plunger and the pump barrel. This load must be taken while the pumping unit is stopped on the upstroke. After the pumping unit stops, the TV load should be aooroximatelv eoual to the Wrf + Fo from the Fluid Level.
TV Leaks
1.
Possible problems: worn plunger or barrel, pitted ball, cut seat, tubing leak, or well flowing off.
STATIC CONDITIONS
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2.
Leakage rate indicated by changes in the polished rod load due to changes in the difference in pressure across the plunger Liqud leaking past traveling valve and/or plunger enters pump barrel and increasing
press u re.
rij
Pb
srno
t tEt tTlt
700 psi
AFTER TV CLOSE$ AND SV OPENS;
Pdis > Pb
Pb = Pintk
3.
4.
Differential pressure decreases across plunger. Pump load on the rods decreases, resulting in a decreasing polished rod
load.
-50
HT 5IJ9
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i f-un. Et,uj,,nt Flo,J ,,Jgt. + Flui,l Lua,J f4lrl 'i Leh.age lrrtetr,l=r l,4e'sure,J L.d l4rEE :!Br: :h Leal,;,ae lltr;i t: I :@
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Fressure
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pei
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s "- Left
Frisht
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SV Leaks
1.
Possible problems: pitted ball, cut seat, hole in pump barrel, or damaged pump parts.
Liqud leaking past standing valve leaves pump barrel and decreasing pressure.
2189 psi
P32.
The leak causes i ncreas i ng d ifferentia pressure across plunger, and results in the plunger applying fl uid load to rods.
I
3.
500 psi
Pb > Pintk
P[ = Pdis
r-5 r
Anall'l,is
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FFITHUS
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fun.
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wgt.
i t-*ul..uge ii
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f Lealr.a,e -
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rr,i u
pum
SV Open Upstroke:
20.00 17.50
lWrr* f
Fo Max = (Pdis
O).Ap
Fo=(Pdis-Pintk).Ap
TV Open Downstroke:
15.00 12.50
Fo=S
Reference Lnes: L Fa Max.- assumgs
Flu id
10.00 7.50
fq-tYIlI---
pump..intake
pressure is sero, where well provides no lrelp in lifting tlre fluid to the surface.
2.
5.00 2.50
pump intake pressure deternrined fronr huid'leve I shbt. wlrere we ll's F lP provides help in lifting the fluid.
3.
Zero Load Line - assumes pre$sure above and below the plunger are equal: no friction due to fluid displacing through SV on down stroke
l-52
Steps in the
Purnp Operation
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SANDIA
&&
&
D)
Purnp discharge pressure lPdisi equals the static tubing pressure 1Pb), ancl the traveling 'alve opens. Pdis now carriecl l:y tubing.
througlr the traveling valve into the tubing and ZERO fluicl load is on rocls.
Stroke
Bl
C)
Standing Valve opens, wlren rods stretch to pick urp f luri d loa d, Fo. fronr tubin g. Standing valve closes.
Plunger applies Fluid load. Fo. to the rods as well fluricls are clravn into the pump.
&C
l-53
nclersta ncling the pump carcl ba sic loa cls a re critica I to ana lyzi ng a ncl trouL.leslrooti rrg ciotvn1role problems:
10
Fo
I
6
4
2 0
-2
156.0
Buoyancy Force
Acting on a sucker rod was defi ned long ago.
Archi medes' Pri nci ple: Defi nes the buoyancy force to be equal to the weight of the volume of fruid displace uv an object.
lmpaCt Of the bUoyanCy forCe:
ffiffiil
wra wrf
=
A
Wlf
Wtf - Weightof Rods in Fluid Wra - Weight of Rods in Air SG -Tubins Fluid Specific Gravity
. . .
Rods suspended in a fluid appears to weigh Iess, Wrf. Wrf = Wra, minus the buoyant force, 0.128xSGxWra. Buoyant force does not depend on the depth (pressure) at which the object is submerged, but the specific gravity, SG, of the fluid displaced.
| -54
I
/
-+000 -
---4500
I
0
20
40
60 80
1oo-l
120
J/
140
160
i
I
.f 500
-l
Predicting Behavior Sucker Rod SysteffiS, S. Gibbs, SPE5 88' Jul' 1963
:
i
1.
,--*sss:
Ao is the outside
CTOSS
sectional
area
2.
)/
I
!0
20
40
60
Bo rool lzo
140
rPoAo ,tY
.1500 I
F
i
ruo
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' S Fi--;utl'y': Wra - l.ll L,ensit i; xaI j' I ;ja' +i,' .i: -'.ia'lurn i F,c,ci j -'ir a' -l FhoLty : VolLltne(Rotl) 'r' (rl.-+ 'r' SC t.,.,1ulfi.l :- Lertr.ll,f- ; ll:--:1 t[}r*,U]' : Letlq.:: ' -.,.!'(-:.:
l:,
l{crd
I enuth
tsuoyanc-\,'
For.e
ca-Lcu-l-et-:..: J:,',
7l i-l
w-..-. r Il
-. 1l
AoPo
Buoyancy
20.00 17.50
TV (m
15.00 12.50
Wra = 11942
rf
15.00
12.50
10424
10.00 7.50 s.00
10.00
Fo Max
7.50 5.00
Wrf=WrarFbuoy
2.50
0
2.50
0
Fbuoy = 1518
0
1s5.6
0
-2.50
168.0
-2. s0
l-56
17.50
w-r-f
H>
15.00
12.50
10.00
7.50
Rods Lighter than Wra because Rods Above Hole in Air and Rods Below Hole Rods in Fluid
2.50
issin
{.63
Missing Buoyancy
7.50
l-.,:rirrg Fr*r.rure
El
eHF
rouur*
lilt.r]
ii hU
i
r,*i [sJ
Ei
,Fi,"l*ioi
,
, :
,4tltr-rlr
Lia"r Flor,r
.......
---
15.00
Ca,rirrg Pret'.stre
uildup
F,,,i rfin'r
|lT1
12.50
[i a.:/Liquid I rrterf
,i:rnfl
: .l
Fre'::.
::@ffir , ii '..1' : lgl- 'l
.....
l,,lr,ul/[L
ce
Li,rui,J
ill?.tl
i
psi [']J
10.00
hrD 7.50
,irre
"'
r--lit
Furnp lntke [leplh
* F *- :r
iri:rrl
:;i
'#ter
it
l,,'tii
5.00
TUD
i,4tu:r4'l
.-"'
l,tilfi:{l l:ll'l
"
ff:"=**.
PEIHF
:;1
Fo From Fluid
2.s0
F'lrmtiorr [epth
I*j':
r,'rn iE'i'+11*
ItHr.I
0
psi [qJ
"lrruFl
psi [s]
eser'oir Pre,t,iure [t
BH
P]
-2.50
144.0
ii:rit f
pr:i[qJ
t -57