Hibernate

Hibernate
Student Handout.
Software required.
Eclipse Europa.
HSQL Database.
Exercise 1 a
Step 1.
Jar files required for the simple Hibernate application.Add to the build path.
cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
commons-collection.jar
commons-logging.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate3.jar
hsqldb.jar
jta.jar
Step 2.
The sample programs are executed in HSQL Server .Create a sample database called
mydb.xdb is the alias name.
java cp ../lib/hsqldb.jar org.hsqldb.Server database.0 mydb dbname.0
xdb
Make sure u have hsqldb.jar. Type the above in the command line. This creates a database
named xdb.
java -cp hsqldb.jar org.hsqldb.util.DatabaseManager
The above command runs a tool,so that u can view you files.
Database Tool.
Select HSQL Database Engine Server.
Write the following URL.
jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost:9001/xdb
Leave the other columns as is.
Step 3.
Create a Java Project using Eclipse.
To the source folder, add the following 3 java files.
HibernateUtil.java
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class HibernateUtil {

public static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
try {
// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed
System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
}
public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();
public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {

Session s = (Session) session.get();
// Open a new Session, if this thread has none yet
if (s == null) {
s = sessionFactory.openSession();
// Store it in the ThreadLocal variable
session.set(s);
}
return s;
}
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {

Session s = (Session) session.get();
if (s != null)
s.close();
session.set(null);
}
}
EventManager.java
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class EventManager {
public static void main(String[] args){

Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Person theperson = new Person();
theperson.setAge(10);
theperson.setFirstname("Susithra");
theperson.setLastname("Chandrabose");
session.save(theperson);
tx.commit();
System.out.println("Person is stored");
HibernateUtil.closeSession();
HibernateUtil.sessionFactory.close();
}
}
Person.java
import java.util.*;
public class Person {
private Long id;

private int age;
private String firstname;
private String lastname;
Person() {}
public Long getId() {

return id;
}
private void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {

return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;
}
public String getFirstname() {

return firstname;
}
public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
this.firstname = firstname;
}
public String getLastname() {

return lastname;
}
public void setLastname(String lastname) {

this.lastname = lastname;
}
Add the following xml files to the Java Class Path.
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-
3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property
name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
<property
name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost:9001/xdb</property>
<property name="connection.username">sa</property>
<property name="connection.password"></property>
<property name="connection.pool_size">10</property>
<property
name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<mapping resource="Person.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
Person.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Person" table="PERSON">
<id name="id" column="PERSON_ID">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="age"/>
<property name="firstname"/>
<property name="lastname"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Run the application. Check the database PERSON table is created .
Now we have successfully created a table. We will add few more rows to it. Comment on
the following line

Add different persons. Run the application and check the database.
Hibernate object states

Hibernate defines and supports the following object states:
• Transient - an object is transient if it has just been instantiated using the new operator,
and it is not associated with a Hibernate Session. It has no persistent representation in
the database and no identifier value has been assigned. Transient instances will be
destroyed by the garbage collector if the application doesn't hold a reference anymore.
Use the Hibernate Session to make an object persistent (and let Hibernate take care of
the SQL statements that need to be executed for this transition).
• Persistent - a persistent instance has a representation in the database and an identifier
value. It might just have been saved or loaded, however, it is by definition in the scope of
a Session. Hibernate will detect any changes made to an object in persistent state and
synchronize the state with the database when the unit of work completes. Developers
don't execute manual UPDATE statements, or DELETE statements when an object should
be made transient.
• Detached - a detached instance is an object that has been persistent, but its Session has
been closed. The reference to the object is still valid, of course, and the detached instance
might even be modified in this state. A detached instance can be reattached to a new
Session at a later point in time, making it (and all the modifications) persistent again.
This feature enables a programming model for long running units of work that require
user think-time. We call them application transactions, i.e. a unit of work from the point
of view of the user.
The first application what we have seen we used Persistent objects.
To Load an Object
Modify the EventManager as follows
theperson.setAge(30);
theperson.setFirstname("Subbu");
theperson.setLastname("David");
tx.commit();
//Loading an Object
Person person=new Person();

session.load(person, new Long(1));
System.out.println("Person loaded from the database");
System.out.println("Name"+person.getFirstname());
}
Run the application to see the output on the console.

It throws exception if the matching Person is not there in the database .If you are not sure
then use the get() method.

person=(Person) session.get(Person.class, new Long(1));
Exercise 1 b
Querying(HQL)
Add the following lines inside the active session to list all the persons using createQuery
List persons = session.createQuery("from Person as
person").list();
Iterator i= persons.iterator();
while(i.hasNext()){
System.out.println(" "+i.next());
}
Override String toString() method in the Person class.

To add where clause type the following
List persons2 = session.createQuery(

"from Person as person where person.lastname = ?")
.setString(0, "Chandrabose")
.list();
Iterator i2= persons2.iterator();
while(i2.hasNext()){
System.out.println("person2"+i2.next());
}
Lastname corresponds to the private member of the Person class.
Exercise for students

You can set all other datatypes using setXXX methods and also setEntity. Practise all this
in the same program.
You can get a unique list using Set.
Query query = session.createQuery("select person.firstname from Person

as person");
Set person3=new HashSet(query.list());
Iterator i3= person3.iterator();
while(i3.hasNext()){
System.out.println(" "+i3.next());
}
Queries may specify a property of a class in the select clause. They may even call SQL
aggregate functions. Properties or aggregates are considered "scalar" results (and not
entities in persistent state).
Exercise for students

Implement any aggregate functions.
Modifying persistence objects can be done by calling the flush method no need to
call update .It is taken by the hibernate automatically.
person=(Person) session.get(Person.class, new Long(1));
person.setFirstname("Accenture");
session.flush();
tx.commit();
Modifying detached objects can be done by calling the update method.
Session session2 = HibernateUtil.currentSession();

Transaction tx2 = session2.beginTransaction();
person.setFirstname("Susithra");
session2.update(person);
tx2.commit();
Automatic State Detection.

If u are sure of the state use saveOrUpdate() method.
Deleting persistent objects

session2.delete(person);
Exercise 2 a
Relationships.
One to One associations two varieties .Primary key association as well as unique foreign
key associations .The following example shows
One to One association (Unique foreign key associations)
One person can have an address .The Address is a member of Person class.
Address.java
package com.accenture.domain;
public class Address {

private Long id;
private String city;
private String country;
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {

this.city = city;
}
public String getCountry() {
return country;
}
public void setCountry(String country) {

this.country = country;
}
Person.java

private Long id;
private String name;
private Address address = new Address();
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {

this.address = address;
}

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {

return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;
}
}
Person.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping package="com.accenture.domain">

<class name="Person">
<id name="id"
column="personId">
</id>
<property name="name" column="PERSONNAME"
type="java.lang.String" />
<many-to-one name="address"
column="addressId"
not-null="true" lazy="false" unique="true"/>
</class>
<class name="Address">
<id name="id"
column="addressId">
</id>
<property name="city" column="CITY" type="java.lang.String"
/>
<property name="country" column="COUNTRY"
</class>
create table Person ( personId bigint not null primary

key, addressId bigint not null unique )
create table Address ( addressId bigint not null primary

key )
The mapping file remains the same. But except give the complete path
<mapping resource="com/accenture/domain/Person.hbm.xml"/>
package com.accenture.client;
import com.accenture.Utilities.HibernateUtil;
import com.accenture.domain.Address;
import com.accenture.domain.Person;
Address address=new Address();
address.setCity("Bangalore");
address.setCountry("India");
session.save(address);
theperson.setName("Susithra C");
theperson.setAddress(address);
tx.commit();
}}
Exercise 2 b
One to Many association (Bi Directional)
Child.java
public class Child {

private Long id;
private Parent parent;

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}

return name;
}

this.name = name;
}
public Parent getParent() {

return parent;
}
public void setParent(Parent parent) {

this.parent = parent;
}
}
Parent.java
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Parent {

private Long id;
private Set children = new HashSet();
public Set getChildren() {

return children;
}
public void setChildren(Set children) {

this.children = children;
}

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}

return name;
}

this.name = name;
}
}
Parent.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping
package="com.accenture.domain">
<class name="Parent">
<id name="id"
column="parent_id">
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="children"
table="ParentChild"
cascade="all"
inverse="true" lazy="false">
<key column="parent_id"/>
<many-to-many column="child_id"
class="Child"/>
</set>
</class>
<class name="Child">
<id name="id"
column="child_id">
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<join table="ParentChild"
optional="true">
<key column="child_id"/>
<many-to-one name="parent"
column="parent_id"
not-null="true"/>
</join>
</class>
EventManager.java
import org.hsqldb.lib.Set;
import com.accenture.domain.*;
Parent parent=new Parent();
parent.setName("Father");
Child child1=new Child();

child1.setName("Child1");
child1.setParent(parent);
session.save(child1);
Child child2=new Child();
child2.setName("Child2");
child2.setParent(parent);
session.save(child2);
HashSet children =new HashSet();
children.add(child1);
children.add(child2);
parent.setChildren(children);
session.save(parent);
tx.commit();
}
}
Enforced in the underlying database by a join table. Check the tables.
Exercise 2c
One to One Primary Key Association
Person.java

private Long id;
private Employee employee;
public Employee getEmployee() {
return employee;
}
public void setEmployee(Employee employee) {

this.employee = employee;
}

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}

return name;
}

this.name = name;
}
}
Employee.java
public class Employee {

private Long id;
private String department;
private Person person;
public Person getPerson() {
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
return id;
}
this.id = id;
}
public String getDepartment() {

return department;
}
public void setDepartment(String department) {
this.department = department;
}
}
Employee.hbm.xml
<class name="Person" table="PERSON">
<id name="id" column="PERSON_ID">
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">employee</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" />
<one-to-one name="employee"
class="Employee"
constrained="true"/>
</class>
<class name="Employee">
<id name="id"
column="empId">
</id>
<property name="department" column="name"

<one-to-one name="person" class="Person"/>

</class>
EventManager.java
import org.hsqldb.lib.Set;
import com.accenture.domain.Employee;
import com.accenture.domain.Person;

public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee employee=new Employee();
employee.setDepartment("Solutions");
Person per=new Person();
per.setName("Accenture");
per.setEmployee(employee);
session.save(per);
tx.commit();
}
}
Exercise 3a
Inheritance Relationships. Other files remains the same.
Tab1.java
public class Tab1 extends TblPerClass {
protected String desctwo = null;
public String getDesctwo() {
return desctwo;
}
public void setDesctwo(String desctwo) {
this.desctwo = desctwo;
}
}
Tab2.java
public class Tab2 extends TblPerClass {
protected String desc = null;
public String getDesc() {

return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {

this.desc = desc;
}
TblPerClass.java
import java.util.Date;
public class TblPerClass {

private Long id;
protected Date date;

return id;
}
this.id = id;
}
public Date getDate()

{
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date)

{
this.date = date;
}
}
TblPerClass.hbm.xml
<class name="TblPerClass" table="TBLPERCLASS"
polymorphism="implicit">
<id name="id" column="ID">
</id>
<discriminator>
<column name="DISCRIMINATOR"/>
</discriminator>
<property name="date" column="DATE" type="java.sql.Date" />
<subclass name="Tab1" discriminator-value="tab1">
<property name="desctwo" column="DESCTWO"
</subclass>
<subclass name="Tab2" discriminator-value="tab2">
<property name="desc" column="DESC"
</subclass>
</class>
EventManager.java
import com.accenture.domain.Tab1;
Tab1 t3 = new Tab1();

t3.setDesctwo("Hibernate Class");
session.save(t3);

t4.setDesc("Spring Class");
session.save(t4);
tx.commit();
}
}
Here check the tables. Only TabPerClass is created. No tables are created for the
subclasses. Only tables are generated for the super class.
Exercise 3b
The following example shows all the sub class super Class is not created.
Tab5.java
package samples;
public class Tab5 extends TblPerConcreteClass {
protected String xyz1 = null;
/**
* @return Returns the address.
*/
public String getXyz1() {
return xyz1;
}
/**
* @param address The address to set.
*/
public void setXyz1(String xyz1) {
this.xyz1 = xyz1;
}
}
Tab6.java
package samples;
public class Tab6 extends TblPerConcreteClass {
protected String xyz2 = null;
/**
* @return Returns the address.
*/
public String getXyz2() {
return xyz2;
}
/**
* @param address The address to set.
*/
public void setXyz2(String xyz2) {
this.xyz2 = xyz2;
}
}
TblPerConcreteClass.java
package samples;
public abstract class TblPerConcreteClass {
private Long id;
protected String description;

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}
public String getDescription() {

return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {

this.description = description;
}
}
EntityManager.java
package samples;

t3.setDescription("Hibernate Class");
session.save(t3);

t4.setXyz2("XYZ2");
session.save(t4);
tx.commit();
}
TblPerConcreteClass.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="samples.Tab5" table="TAB5" polymorphism="implicit">
</id>
<property name="description" column="DESCRIPTION"
<property name="xyz1" column="XYZ1"
type="java.lang.String"/>
</class>
<class name="samples.Tab6" table="TAB6" polymorphism="implicit">

</id>
<property name="description" column="DESCRIPTION"
<property name="xyz2" column="XYZ2"
type="java.lang.String"/>
</class>
Another Table Per Sub Class

Tab3.java
package samples;
public class Tab3 extends TblPerSubClass {
protected String firstName = null;

protected String lastName = null;
public String getFirstName() {

return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {

this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {

return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {

this.lastName = lastName;
}
}
Tab4.java
package samples;
public class Tab4 extends TblPerSubClass {
protected String name = null;

protected String registrationNumber = null;

return name;
}

this.name = name;
}
public String getRegistrationNumber() {

return registrationNumber;
}
public void setRegistrationNumber(String registrationNumber) {

this.registrationNumber = registrationNumber;
}
}
TblPerSubClass.java
package samples;
public class TblPerSubClass {
private Long id;

return id;
}

this.id = id;
}
}
TblPerSubClass.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="samples.TblPerSubClass" table="TBLPERSUBCLASS"
polymorphism="implicit">
</id>
<joined-subclass name="samples.Tab3" table="TAB3">
<key column="id"/>
<property name="firstName" column="FIRST_NAME"
<property name="lastName" column="LAST_NAME"
</joined-subclass>
<joined-subclass name="samples.Tab4" table="TAB4">
<key column="id"/>
<property name="name" column="NAME" type="string" />
<property name="registrationNumber"
column="REGISTRATION_NUMBER" type="string" />
</joined-subclass>
</class>
EventManager.java
package samples;

t3.setFirstName("Tiger");
t3.setLastName("Woods");
session.save(t3);

t4.setName("Accenture");
t4.setRegistrationNumber("1045");
session.save(t4);
tx.commit();
}
}
Exercise for the students .Observe the difference.Check the database.
Hibernate Annotations.
Employee.java
package com.accenture;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee implements Serializable {
public Employee() {
}
@Id
@Column(name = "id")
Integer id;
@Column(name = "name")
String name;
public Integer getId() {

return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;
}

return name;
}

this.name = name;
}
Example1.java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
public class Example1 {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
/** Getting the Session Factory and session */
SessionFactory session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session sess = session.getCurrentSession();
/** Starting the Transaction */
Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
/** Creating Pojo */
Employee pojo = new Employee();
pojo.setId(new Integer(5));
pojo.setName("XYZ");
/** Saving POJO */
sess.save(pojo);
/** Commiting the changes */
tx.commit();
System.out.println("Record Inserted");
/** Closing Session */
session.close();
}
HibernateUtils.java
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
public class HibernateUtil {

private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
try {
// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml
sessionFactory = new
AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// Make sure you log the exception, as it might be
swallowed
System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation
failed." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {

return sessionFactory;
}
}
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-
3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory >
<property
name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
<property
name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost:9001/xdb</property>
<property name="connection.username">sa</property>
<property name="connection.password"></property>

<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<property name="connection.pool_size">10</property>
<property
name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>

<property
name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</proper
ty>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<mapping class="com.accenture.Employee"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Hibernate

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Hibernate

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Hibernate

java -cp hsqldb.jar org.hsqldb.util.DatabaseManager

public class HibernateUtil {

public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();

public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {

public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {

public class EventManager {

public static void main(String[] args){

public class Person {

private Long id;

public Long getId() {

private void setId(Long id) {

public int getAge() {

public void setAge(int age) {

public String getFirstname() {

public String getLastname() {

public void setLastname(String lastname) {

Add the following xml files to the Java Class Path.

Run the application. Check the database PERSON table is created .

Hibernate object states

The first application what we have seen we used Persistent objects.

Modify the EventManager as follows

public static void main(String[] args){

Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();

Person person=new Person();

Run the application to see the output on the console.

Person person=new Person();

Override String toString() method in the Person class.

List persons2 = session.createQuery(

Exercise for students

Query query = session.createQuery("select person.firstname from Person

Exercise for students

Session session2 = HibernateUtil.currentSession();

Automatic State Detection.

Deleting persistent objects

public class Address {

public void setCity(String city) {

public void setCountry(String country) {

public class Person {

public void setAddress(Address address) {

public Long getId() {

public void setId(Long id) {

public String getName() {

public void setName(String name) {

create table Person ( personId bigint not null primary

create table Address ( addressId bigint not null primary

public static void main(String[] args){

Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();

public class Child {

public Long getId() {

public void setId(Long id) {

public String getName() {

public void setName(String name) {

public Parent getParent() {

public void setParent(Parent parent) {

public class Parent {

public Set getChildren() {

public void setChildren(Set children) {

public Long getId() {

public void setId(Long id) {

public String getName() {

public void setName(String name) {

public class EventManager {