how the individual parts of the body machine perform their functions, how this function is regulated
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Repere istorice
-naturalist filozofic-Hipocrate- 460 .c sustintorul observaiei clinice; - creierul-cel mai puternic organ al corpului... - Aristotel 384-322 c - inima sediul .c. micrii si vieii psihice - T. inexcitabilitii cerebrale 1870
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- W. Harvey 1628 De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus
- Guy Patin: ...circulaia sngelui
este paradoxal, imposibil, absurd i nociv vieii omului
- Antony van Leeuwenhoek 1612- microscopul optic p p - Malpighi- 1661- capilar sangvin - Haller-1727-presiune, volum sang. anatomia sang anatomia face descrierea organelor iar fiziologia explic funciile lor
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Suport chimic Paracelsus, Lavoisier Suport electric L. Galvani. 1791 W. W Waldeyer 1891 neuronul Cl. Bernard 1865: Introducere n studiul medicinei experimentale.
Bayliss, Starling 1902 - secretina C.Golgi, R.Cajal 1906 teoria reticular - neuronal D. Robertson, E. Robertis, G. Palade- 1950 -teoria neuronal
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Pentru ce este necesar cunoaterea creierului?
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Contiina de sine Raionament Motivare Instinct Reflex Tactism Timp geologic Vertebrate Nevertebrate
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Omul ar trebui s tie c din creier, i numai din creier, provin plcerile noastre, fericirea, rsul i glumele, ca i starea de bine i suferina, durerea, necazurile i lacrimile. Cu ajutorul lui, gndim, vedem, auzim i distingem rul de bine, plcutul de neplcut. Creierul-cel mai puternic organ al corpului... l i Creierul este organul inteligenei deoarece primete aerul cel mai pur... Hipocrate- 460 .c.
Societatea , i mai ales forurile de decizie la nivel naional i global cotientizeaz tot mai mult relaia dintre performanele creierului de a acumula i analiza, responsabil, date din realitatea imediata sau prospective i deciziile legate de aspecte fundamentale a evoluiei societii n raport cu mediul inconjurtor, mai apropiat sau mai j , p p indeprtat, al crui snatate se rsfrnge tot mai vizibil i mai imperativ asupra sntii societii.
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Tot probleme de mare actualitate i urgen a cror rspuns implic colaborarea dintre forurile politice, financiare i tiinifice sunt cele d educaie, de snatate biologic i l de d i d bi l i i psiho-comportamental a individului i a societii. Rspunderea la aceste provocri ar fi pe de o parte, povara Contiinei de sine, i pe de alt parte o dovad c organizarea i evoluia materiei pe planeta Pmnt a ajuns la nivelul n care se ntoarce spre sine cu putere de modelare ntru continuitate sau de autodistrugere
Understanding consciousness is by far the most challenging task confronting science. When Crick first entered biology, biology after World War II, two great II questions were thought to be beyond the capacities of science to answer: 1. What distinguishes the living from the nonliving world? 2. What is the biological nature of consciousness?
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1. What distinguishes the living from the nonliving world? By 1953, after just two years of , collaboration, he and Jim Watson had helped solve that mystery. As Watson later described in The Double Helix, "at lunch Francis winged into the Eagle [Pub] to tell everyone within hearing distance that WE HAD FOUND THE SECRET OF LIFE." In the next two decades, Crick helped crack the genetic code: how DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein.
2. What is the biological nature of consciousness?
In 1976 t I 1976, at age sixty, Crick turned to i t C i kt dt the remaining scientific mystery: the biological nature of consciousness. This he studied for the rest of his life in partnership with Christof Koch, a young computational neuroscientist.
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2. What is the biological nature of consciousness? But, despite almost thirty years of continuous effort, Crick was able to budge the problem only a modest distance. Indeed, some scientists and philosophers of mind continue to find consciousness so inscrutable that they f fear it can never be explained in p physical terms. How can a biological system, a biological machine, they ask, feel anything? Even more doubtful, how can it think about itself? Kandel E R. 2002.
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GNDIRE
NVARE
CONTIIN
MEMORIE
INSTINCT
GNDIRE
NVARE
MINTE
MEMORIE
INSTINCT
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Excitabilitate Excitabilitate - capacitatea p (condiia) unui sistem viu de a condiia) capta semnale specifice, ca specifice, form de actualizare a informaiei, necesar informaiei, necesar organizrii lui ntru adaptabilitate i continuitate
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Mecanisme celulare i moleculare ale excitabilitii celulei nervoase
Interaciunea stimul - receptor - rspuns
fizic stimul chimic
Receptor Procesor
rspuns
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La nivelul cel mai elementar, noi nu suntem o reacie chimic ci o sarcin electric...
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Abstract Brain action is both physically controlled and beyond computational simulation Thus, we must seek out structures in the brain where the actual physics that operates at this level could plausibly have important influence on brain action. This is the basis of the OrchOR model that Stuart Hameroff and I have been proposing, and which he describes in the foregoing article. The case is strongly put forward that the neuronal microtubules play a key role in the required quantum/classical borderline activities which might have an essential relevance to the phenomenon of consciousness. The exploration of such deeper level of neuronal structure and function is very much a continuation of the line of work so wonderfully initiated by Cajal. Consciousness, the brain, and spacetime geometry: an addendum. Some new developments on the Orch OR model for consciousness. Penrose R. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Apr;929:105-10.
Abstract Evidence for signaling, communication, and conductivity in microtubules (MTs) has been shown through both direct and indirect means, and theoretical models predict their potential use in both classical and quantum information processing in neurons. The notion of quantum i i h i f information processing within neurons has been implicated in the phenomena of consciousness, although controversies have arisen in regards to adverse physiological temperature effects on these capabilities. h bili i A critical assessment of the information processing capabilities of neuronal microtubules using coherent excitations. Craddock T.J.A, Tuszynski J.A. J Biol Phys (2010) 36:5370
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Hans Berger- de la telepatie la EEG
Premise
excitabilitate
identitate
permeabilitate selectiv membranar
evoluie
adaptabilitate Interrelaiile dintre proprietile membranei celulare i principalele dimensiuni ale existenei sistemelor biologice
