OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

Multiple Choice:
1. What is the percent of the total cost of quality that comes from rework?
2. What is the percent of the total gross of sales that come from product failure?
3. What is the cost of quality?
4. What is management by fact?
5. What are the three types of interfaces?
6. What three rules should be followed for all reviews?
7. What is boundary value testing?
8. What is decision/branch coverage strategy?
9. Which of the following is not one of the 6 Structural Test Approaches?
10. Which of the following is not one of the 8 Functional Test Approaches?
11. Which of the following is not a perspective of quality?
a. transcendent
b. product-based
c. translucent
d. user-based
e. value-based
f. manufacturing based
12. True or False. Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the
right things.
13. Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points for management?
a. Adopt a new philosophy
b. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force
c. Mobility of management
d. Create constancy of purpose
14. True or False. The largest cost of quality is from production failure.
15. Defects are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?
a. Requirements
b. Analysis & Design
c. Construction
d. Implementation
16. A review is what category of cost of quality?
a. Preventive
b. Appraisal
c. Failure
17. True or False. A defect is related to the term fault.
18. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change?
a. Lifestyle
b. Vocabulary
c. Internal
d. Management
19. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?
a. 10-20
b. 40-50
c. 70-80
d. 5-10
20. The purpose of software testing is to:
a. Demonstrate that the application works properly
b. Detect the existence of defects
c. Validate the logical design
21. True or False. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an
expert in leading groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area.

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

22. Match the following terms with their definitions:

a. Black box testing
b. White box testing
c. Conversion testing
d. Thread testing
e. Integration testing

Essay:
1. What fields would you include in creating a new defect tracking program (used by
QA, developers, etc)? (25 points)
a. Draw a pictoral diagram of a report you would create for developers to
determine project status.
b. Draw a pictoral diagram of a report you would create for users and
management to show project status.
2. What 3 tools would you purchase for your company for use in testing and justify
why you would want them? (this question is in both essay parts, only rephrased.
I think 10 points each time)
3. Describe the difference between validation and verification. (5 points)
4. Put the following testing types in order and give a brief description of each.
System testing, acceptance testing, unit testing, integration testing, benefits
realization testing. (10 points)
5. Describe automated capture/playback tools and list the benefits of using them.
(10 points)
6. The QAI is starting a project to put the CSTE certification online. They will use an
automated process for recording candidate information, scheduling candidates for
exams, keeping track of results and sending out certificates. Write a brief test
plan for this new project. (30 points)
7. List what you think are the two primary goals of testing. (5 or 10 points)

1. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change?

 a) Lifestyle
 b) Vocabulary
 c) Internal
 d) Management

2. Quality assurance is the process by which product quality is compared with

applicable standards, and the action taken when nonconformance is detected.

 True  False

3. Pick the best tactic to use in constructive criticism to help the worker understand
his or her solution to the criticism.

 a) Do it in public, while others are listening, so they too can learn from other
people's mistakes.
 b) Be prepared to help your subordinate improve his or her performance.
 c) Criticize the individual rather than the product, because the individual
creates problems with the product.

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

 d) Explain to the employee what will happen to his or her career if the
employee's behavior doesn't change.

4. The objective of risk analysis is to help IT management strike an economic balance

between the impact of risks and the cost of protective measures.

 True  False

5. In quantifying risk, the term RE represents:

 a) Risk expense
 b) Related expense
 c) Risk exposure

6. A standard is not an expected norm.

 True  False

7. Quality and quality assurance are synonymous.

 True  False

8. Productivity is increased if value is added to a product.

 True  False

9. National Quality Awards are intended to foster continuous improvement activities.

 True  False

10. Vision is a clear definition of the result you are trying to achieve.

 True  False
11. What is the present value of money of a $10,000 expenditure that you will spend
one year from now if money is worth 14 percent?

 a) $2630
 b) $8770
 c) $1600
 d) $8600

12. Quality control relates to a specific product or service.

 True  False

13. The objective of the present value of money calculation is to convert future dollars
into current dollars.

 True  False

14. What is the primary objective of the system proposal from the producer's
viewpoint?

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

 a) To present the costs/benefits of the proposal

 b) To obtain an agreement for more work
 c) To standardize presentations

15. The receivers of an information systems service are known as users.

 True  False

16. Almost one-half of a programmer's time is spent identifying and fixing errors in
specifications.

 True  False

17. Which two elements are the major causes of documentation problems?

 a) Low priority
 b) Forgetfulness
 c) Not enough time
 d) Personal attitudes

18. When installing an information processing tool into your work environment, you
can select an informal or formal procurement sequence. Which list is the formal
procurement sequence?

 a) Technical requirements  b) Selection criteria

User review Identify candidate
Generate RFP User review
Issue RFP Score candidates
Proposal evaluation Select tool
Select source

19. A process allows the same quality to be replicated from product to product, often
by the use of standards and procedures.

 True  False

20. The term "defect" is related to the term "fault" because a fault is a defect, which
has not yet been identified.

 True  False

21. A latent defect is the same as a fault.

 True  False

22. The average time between consecutive failures in a system or component during a
specified period is known as the mean time between failures (MTBF).

 True  False

23. A program whose purpose is to reduce the number of defects produced is known
as a quality improvement program.

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

 True  False

24. The inspection is an evaluation technique that relies on visual examination of an

item.

 True  False

25. The functionality/structure of the system created to solve a problem, satisfy a user
need (note that this is the creative part of the design process) is known as the
fishbone diagram.

 True  False

26. The process used for documenting user’s requirements is known as validation.

 True  False

27. A process/activity during which a high number of defects occur is known as a

defect-prone process.

 True  False

28. Name the three categories of costs associated with cost of quality.
29. What category would inspections, walkthroughs, and testing qualify as?
30. What category would creating of a help desk qualify as?
31. What category would training qualify as?
32. Rework activities are costs.

CIRCLE THE CORRECT RESPONSE:

33. The conduct of an inspection of source code is quality control/quality

assurance.
34. A computer operator verifies that the jobs to be run that day have been run.
Quality Control/Quality Assurance
35. A task force selects and installs a system development methodology.
Quality Control/Quality Assurance
36. A computer programmer conducts unit tests to validate that the program works.
Quality Control/Quality Assurance

SAMPLE QUESTION SET B

1. The ______________ is an application of process management and quality

improvement concepts to software development and maintenance.

 a) Malcolm Baldridge
 b) ISO 9000
 c) SEI/CMM
 d) QS14000

2. Quality can be separated from the controls associated with it?

 True  False

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

3. What is one of the most powerful quality control tools?

4. The number-one skill needed for the tester analyst is listening.

 True  False
5. The intent of the quality control checklist should be to improve the quality of the
product being controlled by investigative means.

 True  False
6. A large portion of the cost of quality is usually the cost of rework.

 True  False
7. Quality assurance means the same as total quality control.

 True  False
8. In the IT workbench, quality, and performance of the work are the responsibility of
the QA department.

 True  False
9. Identify five participant roles during a formal inspection.

_____________________________

____________________________

10. Function points measure the lines of code.

 True  False

11. Function points quantify data processing work outputs.

 True  False
12. Measurement of function points cannot be used for comparing two different kinds
of systems.

 True  False

13. Function points are hardware and software independent.

 True  False

14. There are three major activities in function point counting.

 True  False

15. The three parts of the function point count must be determined individually.

 True  False

16. Identify the 5 function types:

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

External Input type Logical Output File type Internal

Inquiry type
External Inquiry type Internal File type
Logical Internal File type
External Interface File type External Output type

17. The process of identifying the kinds of software failures that can occur and then
quantifying how likely it is that they will actually occur is:

 a) Configuration management
 b) Risk management
 c) Contingency planning
 d) Process improvement

18. The Baldrige award is a world-wide quality award.

 True  False

19. What is the relationship between testing and quality assurance?

 a) QA is part of a complete testing process

 b) Testing and QA are two terms for the same thing
 c) Testing is part of a complete QA process

20. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?

 a) 10-20
 b) 40-50
 c) 70-80

21. Software errors are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?

 a) Requirements
 b) Construction
 c) Acceptance test

22. The purpose of software testing is to:

 a) Demonstrate that the application works properly

 b) Detect the existence of defects
 c) Validate the logical design

23. For black-box testing:

 a) The tester is completely unconcerned about the internal behavior of the

program
 b) The tester is concerned with finding circumstances in which the program
does not behave according to specifications
 c) Test data is derived solely from specifications
 d) All of the above

24. Boundary value testing:

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

 a) is the same as equivalence partitioning tests

 b) test boundary conditions on, above, and below the edges of input and
output equivalence classes.
 c) tests combinations of input circumstances
 d) is used in white-box testing strategy

25. Decision/branch coverage strategy:

 a) always satisfies statement coverage

 b) is used in black-box testing
 c) means that every branch direction is traversed at least once
 d) is the same as condition coverage
SAMPLE QUESTION SET D

1. The National Quality Awards provide a basis for successful benchmarking against
other companies.

 True  False

2. Information systems organizations should have standards and procedures on

running meetings.

 True  False

3. The Pareto analysis is most effective for:

 a) Ranking items by importance

 b) Showing relationships between items
 c) Measuring the impact of identified items

4. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an expert in leading
groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area.

 True  False

5. The more common benefits associated with a service-level agreement are:

 a) Establish two-way accountability

 b) Make complaining easy
 c) Provide the basis for an IS budget
 d) All of the above

6. The two major differences between internal auditing and quality assurance involve
their respective statement of responsibilities and common body of knowledge.

 True  False

7. Within an organization, a service-level agreement is most effective when it is an

ongoing negotiation and improvement process.

 True  False

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

8. A nonsampling error relates to the sample properly reflecting the true

characteristics of the population.

 True  False

9. The cost of quality is usually the:

 a) Cost of prototyping
 b) Cost of rework
 c) Cost of risk assessment

10. Motorola's objective of reaching "Six Sigma" translates into defective parts
per million.
11. Name the seven basic quality tools:
12. Policies provide:

 a) Guidance to decision makers

 b) Broad direction to decision makers
 c) Detailed prescription to decision makers

13. A measurement system is established to measure the effectiveness of system and

unit testing.
Quality Control / Quality Assurance?

14. Which of the following test approaches is not a structured test approach?

 a) Load/stress
 b) Operations
 c) Regression
 d) None of the above

15. A quantitative measurement used to determine test completion is:

 a) Defect measurement
 b) Requirements coverage
 c) Statistical analysis

16. Acceptance testing means:

 a) Testing performed on a single stand-alone module or unit of code

 b) Testing after changes have been made to ensure that no unwanted changes
were introduced
 c) Testing to ensure that the system meets the needs of the organization and
the end user.

17. Consensus means:

 a) Majority rules
 b) You don’t have to like it, you just have to be able to accept it
 c) Whatever the boss says
 d) Compromise

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

18. Joe is performing a test to see that it complies with the user requirement that a
certain field be populated by using a dropdown box containing a list of values. Joe
is performing:

 a) White-box testing
 b) Black-box testing
 c) Load testing
 d) Regression testing

19. Sue is told to prepare a report on the most commonly occurring product defects.
She reviews the software defect reports, which categorize the defects as coding
errors, requirements errors, documentation errors, etc. The best tool to report this
information is:

 a) A histogram
 b) A Pareto diagram
 c) A cause and effect diagram
 d) A scatter plot

20. Which of the following is NOT included in ISO guidelines?

 a) Purchaser and Supplier

 b) Internal Quality System Audits
 c) Documentation
 d) Management principles
ANSWER KEY
SAMPLE QUESTION SET A

1. B 14. B 27. True

2. False 15. True 28. Preventive, Failure,
3. B 16. True and Appraisal
4. True 17. A, D 29. Appraisal
5. C 18. A 30. Failure
6. False 19. True 31. Preventive
7. False 20. True 32. Failure
8. True 21. True 33. Quality control
9. True 22. True 34. Quality control
10. True 23. True 35. Quality assurance
11. B 24. True 36. Quality control
12. True 25. False
13. True 26. False
ANSWER KEY
SAMPLE QUESTION SET B

1. C Author/producer 15. True

2. No Reader 16. External Input type
3. Checklist Inspector External Inquiry
4. True Recorder type
5. True 10. False External Interface
6. True 11. True File type
7. True 12. False External Output
8. False 13. True type
9. Moderator 14. True

Page 10 of 17
 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

Logical Internal file 19. C 23. D

type 20. B 24. B
17. B 21. A 25. C
18. False 22. B
ANSWER KEY
SAMPLE QUESTION SET C

1. True Scatter Diagram

2. True Fishbone (Cause-Effect) Diagram
3. A Pareto Chart
4. True Check Sheet
5. D 12. A, B
6. True 13. Quality assurance
7. True 14. C
8. False 15. B
9. B 16. C
10. 3.4 17. B
11. Histogram 18. B
Control Chart/Run Chart 19. B
Stratification 20. D

MOST DEFINITIONS ARE FROM CSTE GUIDE BOOK

1. What is the percent of the total cost of quality that comes from rework?
15-50%
2. What is the percent of the total gross of sales that come from product failure?
20% (Manufacturing Business)
30% (Service Sector)
3. What is the cost of quality?
Prevention Cost + Appraisal Cost + Failure Cost
(Total cost in multiple iterations – cost of doing things right first time)
4. What is management by fact?
Management by fact is using quantitative measures and metrics to manage the
planning, execution, and reporting of software testing.
5. What are the three types of interfaces?
 Interfaces

o Person/Machine - Interfaces that include the operating system and

the development languages that are available, as well as the
input/output facilities.

o Communications Interfaces - Interfaces that include transmission

of information between computers and remote equipment (e.g.,
transmission of computer data over networks.)

o Program Interfaces - Interfaces for the exchange of information,

whether on the same computer, or distributed across multiple tiers of
the application architecture.

6. What three rules should be followed for all reviews?

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

a. Review the Product not the author

b. Focus on Defect
c. Overall responsibility as a team.
7. What is boundary value testing?
The kind of testing in which test data or test cases are selected by identified the

boundaries that separate valid and invalid conditions. Tests are conducted to test the

inside and outside of these boundaries, in addition to these boundary points.

Experience suggest that these test have higher payoff than selecting the random

values for testing.

8. What is decision/branch coverage strategy?

Branch Coverage Testing seeks to ensure that every branch has been executed.

Branch Coverage can be tested by probes inserted at points in the program that

represent arcs from branch points in the flow graphs.

9. Which of the following is not one of the 6 Structural Test Approaches?

Options not present … These are six Structural Testing
o Load/Stress .

o Execution

o Recovery

o Operations

o Compliance (to process)

o Security -
10. Which of the following is not one of the 8 Functional Test Approaches?
o Requirements

o Regression

o Error Handling

o Manual Support.

o Interfaces/Intersystem

o Control

o Parallel –

o Acceptance Testing
11. Which of the following is not a perspective of quality?

Page 12 of 17
 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

a. transcendent
b. product-based
c. translucent
d. user-based
e. value-based
f. manufacturing based Translucent
12. True or False. Effectiveness is doing things right and efficiency is doing the
right things. False
13. Which of the following is not one of Deming's 14 points for management?
a. Adopt a new philosophy
b. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the work force
c. Mobility of management
d. Create constancy of purpose
14. True or False. The largest cost of quality is from production failure. True
15. Defects are least costly to correct at what stage of the development cycle?
a. Requirements
b. Analysis & Design
c. Construction
d. Implementation
16. A review is what category of cost of quality?
a. Preventive
b. Appraisal
c. Failure
17. True or False. A defect is related to the term fault. Not sure
18. What type of change do you need before you can obtain a behavior change?
a. Lifestyle
b. Vocabulary
c. Internal
d. Management
19. Software testing accounts for what percent of software development costs?
a. 10-20
b. 40-50
c. 70-80
d. 5-10
20. The purpose of software testing is to:
a. Demonstrate that the application works properly
b. Detect the existence of defects
c. Validate the logical design
21. True or False. One of the key concepts of a task force is that the leader be an
expert in leading groups as opposed to an expert in a topical area. True
22. Match the following terms with their definitions:
a. Black box testing
b. White box testing
c. Conversion testing
d. Thread testing
e. Integration testing

Definitions not found :

Here are the definitions as per CSTE Guide Book

Black Box Testing : A test techniques that focuses on testing the functionality of the
program , component, or application against its specifications without the knowledge

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

of how the system is constructed ; usually data or business process driven. Logic or
path is unknown.

White Box Testing : A test technique that assumes that path of the logic of the
program is known. White box testing is usually consists of testing paths, branch by
branch, to produce predictable results. This test technique is usually used by the
development team in testing units and components.

Conversion Testing : A test technique that validates the effectiveness of data

conversion process, includes fields to field mapping, and data transaction.

Thread Testing : Test technique in which a string of unit which accomplish a specific
function is tested.

Integration Testing: Testing two or more programs or components that interact with
each other to validate the quality and correct data transfer and interfaces.

Deming’s 14 Points of Effective Management

1. Create constancy of purpose toward the improvement of products and

services in order to become competitive, stay in business, and provide jobs.

2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must learn that it is a new

economic age and awaken to the challenge, learn their responsibilities, and

take on leadership for change.

3. Stop depending on inspection to achieve quality. Build in quality from the

start.

4. Stop awarding contracts on the basis of low bids.

5. Improve continuously and forever the system of production and service, to

improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly reduce costs.

6. Institute training on the job.

7. Institute leadership. The purpose of leadership should be to help people and

technology work better.

8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively.

Page 14 of 17
 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

9. Break down barriers between departments so that people can work as a

team.

10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for work force. They create

adversarial relationships.

11. Eliminate quotas and management by objectives. Substitute leadership.

12. Remove barriers that rob employees of their pride of workmanship.

13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement.

14. Make the transformation everyone's job and put everyone to work on it.

1) Subjective Questions:

2) What are the differences between Quality Assurance and Quality Control
3) What is the difference between Verification and Validation
4) Define Boundary Value Analysis, Error Guessing, Equivalence
Partitioning (10 Points)
5) Your customer does not have experience in writing Acceptance Test Plan. How
will you do that in co-ordination with customer? What will be the contents of
Acceptance Test Plan? (15 Points)
6) You company is going to create first E-Commerce application. How will you
test this application? (10 Points)
7) An application program will run on a standalone workstation and
on connected workstations. Describe what additional testing is
requires where workstations are connected? (15 Points)
8) Unit testing has been introduced newly in the policy. What are
objectives of Unit Testing, and what are the various techniques of unit
testing. What are the measures used to measure it. How can u assure that it
is compliance with your company Test Policy (25 Points)
9) You find that the senior testers are making more mistakes then
junior testers; you need to communicate this aspect to the senior tester.
Also, you don't want to loose this tester. How should one go about the
constructive criticism? (10 Points)
10)There is a new model made with lots of fields, data, and interdependent paths
between them. How will you ensure
effectiveness, efficiency and total coverage in the testing of this
model? (30 Points)
11)Explain any 5 Test Metrics (10 Points)
12)List 4 purposes of what you think are the primary goals of
testing (15 Marks)
13)What are the criterion for test completion
14)Define Test Effectiveness and Test Efficiency

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

15)It is being observed that in a project cost of testing is very high. After going
in detail it was found that the testers are testing the software which is not left
with many defects. How will you make sure that this is correct? Any three
ways? What are the disadvantages of Over Testing?
16)What are the product standards for the following:
a. Test Plan
b. Test Script
c. Test Report
17)You are running out of time but you have to test the software. What will be
your approach?
18)What is the purpose/objective of a test plan?
19)What are the contents of a Software/Test Matrix?
20)Name any 5 structural attributes of the software, which you might have
worked upon, that may be impacted and thus require testing.
21)List the input(s) used in developing the test plan.
22)What is meant by error seeding and fault injection?
23)What are the rules that should be followed for all reviews?
24)What qualities must an individual possess to test effectively a software
application?
25)Due to a change in design, the requirements for an already coded (built)
software component (i.e., 1 software component among 10 software
components in an application) got modified in its entirety. The developer had
to modify the code based on the new requirements. Your role as a test
manager is to choose the appropriate type of regression test to minimize the
impact to the project schedule. What are the types and which type of
regression test would you choose
26)List the considerations in Developing Testing Methodologies.
27)What fields would you include in creating a new defect-tracking program
(used by QA, developers, etc)? (25 points)
a. Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for developers to
determine project status.
b. Draw a pictorial diagram of a report you would create for users and
management to show project status.
28)What 3 tools would you purchase for your company for use in testing and
justify why you would want them? (this question is in both parts, only
rephrased. I think 10 points each time)
29)Put the following testing types in order and give a brief description of each.
System testing, acceptance testing, unit testing, integration testing, benefits
realization testing. (10 points)
30)Describe automated capture/playback tools and list the benefits of using
them. (10 points)
31)The QAI is starting a project to put the CSTE certification online. They will use
an automated process for recording candidate information, scheduling
candidates for exams, keeping track of results and sending out certificates.
Write a brief test plan for this new project. (30 points)
32)If you company is going to conduct a review meeting, what position would u
select in the review committee and why?
33)What are the three factors will effect the Testing to stop? When you should
stop testing? (10)
34)Write any three attributes which will impact the Testing Process?
35)What activity is done in Acceptance Testing, which is not done in System
testing to ensure the Customer requirements? (10)

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 OBJECTIVE WITH ANSWERS

13. Prepare a checklist for the developers on Unit Testing before

the application comes to Testing Department?
36)What is acceptance testplan and what is should include (15 points)
37)Draft testplan for an e-business software. what are the major points you will
consider while testing e-business s/w (15)
16. How will you manage testing of a software if you are not getting enough
resources to test it and development manager wants to release the software
as soon as possible. What testing strategy you will implement? (15)
17. What are the product standards for testplan, test script and test report? (10)
38)What do u test in a system which accepts inputs from multiple nodes that you
will not test in a system which has only one system? (10)
39)Joan is a PL. Each time she held a project meeting, she noticed that Sam
seemed to have trouble setting priorities. Sam was one of the better
programmers on the project, but never seemed to have the important tasks
completed when needed. Joan realized it was time to talk to Sam about the
problem. How she should perform this criticism?
40)What are 3 reasons why people do not listen well?
41)What do you believe is the most important of the 4 step complaint resolution
process and why?
42)Project A is under very tight schedule. PL is responsible for writing 3
programs and only 2 developers assigned to meet the deadline the PL gives
the other 2 developers a program and a deadline and takes the 3rd program
himself. All contact with the end user is through the PL, who passes
commands and deadlines on to the other 2 developers. As workload increases
and deadline approaches, morale break downs. What went wrong
43)Project B PL wants her group to comply with all dept standards. To make sure
this happen, one project member is appointed to review all the work products
produced by the project to make sure they comply with standards. No worker
can complete a task until the standards checker has reviewed the product and
sign off on it. In a short time many Project people resent the standard
checker and practice method designed to circumvent the standard checking.
What went wrong?
44)

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