NAME OF CANDIDATE: INTAN SYAFIQAH BINTI AZHAR NUMBER I/C: 950822-14-5276 TITLE: THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

AVAILABLE AND THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT TEACHER: ZAIBUNNISA BT VALIMOHAMMED

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Introduction
1.1 Meaning of open Source Software : - open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is available in source code form: the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, improve and at times also to distribute the software 1.2 Meaning of hardware : - Computer machinery and equipment, including memory, cabling, power supply, peripheral devices, and circuit boards. Computer operation requires both hardware and software. Hardware design specifies a computer's capability; software instructs the computer on what to do. The advent of microprocessors in the late 1970s led to much smaller hardware assemblies and accelerated the proliferation of computers. Today's personal computers are as powerful as the early mainframes, while mainframes are now smaller and have vastly more computing power than the early models. 1.3 Meaning of software : - Instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is the entire set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system, including the operating system. The term differentiates these features from hardware, the physical components of a computer system. Two main types of software are system software, which controls a computer's internal functioning, and application software, which directs the computer to execute commands that solve practical problems. A third category is network software, which coordinates communication between computers linked in a network. Software is written by programmers in any number of programming languages. This information, the source code, must then be translated by means of a compiler into machine language, which the computer can understand and act on.

1.4 Meaning of pervasive computing: - The trend towards an information environment in which users have access to ICTs throughout the environment. This trend is particularly associated with the growth of wireless technologies that allow users to access online information and services remotely and synchronies data between different computers.

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The Latest Open Source OS.

2.1 Meaning of open source OS - OS means operating system, which is the computer programming that 'operates' a computer. Open source refers to any application for which you can see and change the underlying code. A big advantage of an open source program is that it is a collaborative between many people. If there is a problem, many people will see the problem and work on a solution. 2.2 Example of open source -Example 1: Linux is a computer operating system and kernel originating as a UNIX system and existing in many versions. Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, both commercially and non-commercially, by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use.

-Example 2: Ubuntu is a computer operating system based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution and distributed as free and open source software. It is named after the Southern African philosophy of Ubuntu ("humanity towards others").Ubuntu is designed primarily for use on personal computers, although a server edition also exists. Ubuntu holds an estimated global usage of more than 12 million desktop users, making it the most popular desktop Linux distribution with about 50% of Linux desktop marketshare. It is fourth most popular on web servers, and its popularity is increasing rapidly.

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The Latest Open Source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of open source application software: Open source, as its name implies, means providing the software itself, along with the source code of it, free for distribution, compilation, modification and reuse at no charge or restriction. Its the kind of initiative usually and volunteer work, like the Firefox project, and the famous Apache Foundation. 3.2 Example of open source application software: -example1: Ares in version 2.1.1 Ares is a free open source file sharing program that enables users to share any digital file. You may now easily publish your files through the Ares peer to peer network. You can join chat rooms nd meet new friends.Serch and download any file shared by other users. Latest versions support BitTorrent protocol and Shoutcast radio stations.

-example 2 : Mozilla Firefox in version 3.0.10 Mozilla Firefox is a free web browser descended from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. Firefox is the the second most popular browser in terms of current use worldwide, after Internet Explorer.

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The Latest ICT Hardware

4.1 Example of hardware Trackball Mouse Specification Picture Wireless mouse

1949 Large and well made ones allow easier high precision work

Year development Special features

2008 controls the motion of a cursor in two dimensions in a graphical user interface (GUI)

4.2 Example of software GNOME 2.24 Specification Picture GNOME 2.26

2006 GNOME provides a flexible and powerful platform for software developers, both on the desktop and in mobile applications. provides all of the common tools computer users expect of a modern computing environment, such as email, groupware, web browsing, file management, multimedia, and games.

Year Development Special features

2009 new features, improvement, bug fixes, and translations. GNOME provides a flexible and powerful platform for software developers, both on the desktop and in mobile applications.

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Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing: The use of computers in everyday life, including PDAs, smartphones and other mobile devices. It refers to computers contained in commonplace objects such as cars and appliances and implies that people are unaware of their presence. All these devices communicate with each other over wireless networks without any interaction required by the users.

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Example of pervasive computing Example 1 : Nokia e55

Nokia E55 has 116 x 49 x 9.9 mm, 54 cc in dimension and 98 g in weight. It comes in Black Aluminum, White Aluminum, and Red in colour with standby up battery to 672 h (2G) / 432 h (3G). It has talk time up to 8 h (2G) / 6 h (3G) with music play up to 18 h. It has GPS with integrated 3-month license for turn-by-turn navigation, even a fun gaming experience with N-Gage. In its operating system Symbian OS, S60 rel. 3.2, it also has CPU with ARM 11 600 MHz processor. Beside that, it available with 2G network like GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 and 3G network like HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100. Nokia E55 come from Class 32 in GPRS.

Example 2 : MP3

MP3 is an audio-specific format that was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group(MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in MPEG-2 standard.The use in MP3 of a lossy compression algorithm is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners. An MP3 file that is created using the setting of 128 kbit/s will result in a file that is about 11 times smaller than the CD file created from the original audio source. An MP3 file can also be constructed at higher or lower bit rates, with higher or lower resulting quality. 6.0

Conclusion
open source refers to a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and modification from its original design free of charge. Open source code is typically created as a collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and share the changes within the community. Open source sprouted in the technological community as a response to proprietary software owned by corporations.

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Reference
For Book: Ahmad Fauzi bin Mohamed. Computers in Education. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication, 1986. For http: http://www.usm.maine.edu/~com/ lindap~1.htm http://www.nokia.com http://www.mozilla.org.com http:// GNOME 2.26/org/wikipedia