ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR GLOSSARY

Terms
Controlling

Meaning
The process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep them directed toward their goals. The process of getting the organization's members to work together toward the organization's goals. Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives The process of designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units The process of determining an organization's desired future position and the best means of getting there. Conducted between 1927 and 1932, these studies led to some of the first discoveries of the importance of human behavior in organizations Maslow's hierarchy that assumes human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. Social unit of people, systematically arranged and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. Ability is an Individual's capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour potentially that results from reinforced practice or experience. The process of acknowledging specific behaviors with positive feedback, such as a smile, praise or reward. The practice of providing positive feedback to an individual or groups of individuals after completion of a particular project or achievement of a particular goal. Persons complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or other people. An individual's personal beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad. The extent to which a person is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work. Stable long lasting beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations. A person's ability to get along with others.

Leading Management

Organizing

Planning Hawthorne studies

Hierarchy of needs theory Organization

Ability Learning

Positive Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Attitude Ethics Job satisfaction Value Agreeableness

Terms
Culture

Meaning
Broadly, social heritage of a group (organized community or society). It is a pattern of responses discovered, developed, or invented during the group's history of handling problems which arise from interactions among its members, and between them and their environment The quality of being comfortable with relationships; the opposite extreme, introversion, is characterized by more social discomfort Social unit of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption and having a shared commitment to the mutual relationship. See also household The extent to which people believe their circumstances are a function of their own actions versus external factors beyond their control The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another. Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on observations of certain The feelings experienced towards an object, person or event. A form of intelligence relating to the emotional side of life, such as the ability to recognize and manage one's own and others' emotions, to motivate oneself and restrain impulses, and to handle interpersonal relationships effectively The set of individual personality traits which enable individuals to manage themselves independently and capably. The ability to achieve personal goals in social interaction while simultaneously maintaining positive relationships with others over time and across situations Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on observations of certain Concept that decision makers (irrespective of their level of intelligence) have to work under three unavoidable constraints Transfer of goodwill or positive feelings about one characteristic (such as pleasing appearance) of a product or person to another, possibly unrelated, characteristics (such as performance). Contrasts with devil's horns. People tend to live up to what's expected of them and they tend to do better when treated as if they are capable of success. These are the lessons of The Pygmalion Effect

Extraversion

Family

Locus of control

Personality Attribution theory Emotions Emotional intelligence

Personal competence

Social competence

Attribution theory Bounded rationality

Halo effect

Pygmalion effect

Terms
Attribution theory Expectancy theory

Meaning
Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on observations of certain Suggests that people are motivated by how much they want something and the likelihood they perceive of getting it. The extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual The forces within an individual that affect his or her direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behavior. A collaborative goal-setting process through which organizational goals cascade down throughout the organization The process of influencing people and providing an environment for them to achieve team or organizational objectives. A model of leadership developed by by Robert R Blake and Anne Adams McCanse,to indicate the leadership effectiveness based on the concern for people and concern for task The tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality. A designated work group defined by the organization's structure Role is a set of norms or expectations applied to the incumbent of a particular position by the role incumbent and the various other role players Acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by the groups members. A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable Delegation is defined as granting decision-making authority to people at lower levels Sharing power in such a way that individuals learn to believe in their ability to do the job. The extent to which a person controls information that is valuable to someone else. Power is the social force that allows select persons to mobilize others; to organize others to act in concert; and to melt away resistance to leaders authority. Politics is the use of power to develop socially acceptable ends and means that balance individual and collective interests.

Self-Esteem Motivation

MBO Management by objectives

Leadership

Leadership Grid

Groupthink Formal Group Role

Norms Team

Delegation Empowerment Expert power Power

Politics

Terms
Avoidance

Meaning
The opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior. Avoidance occurs when the interacting parties' goals are incompatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the attainment of the goals Occurs when the parties' goals are compatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the goals' attainment A disagreement among parties. It has both positive and negative characteristics The process in which two or more parties (people or groups) reach agreement even though they have different preferences The unpleasant stress that accompanies negative events A person's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on that person. The process of making new behaviors relatively permanent and resistant to further change The process by which people become aware of the need for change Diagnosis is the process of assessing the functioning of the organization or departments to discover sources of problems and areas of improvement Organization Development (OD) is a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values and structure of organization so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself QWL programs, in general, require joint participation by union and management in the process of workdesigning, which consequently result into high level of task variety, appropriate feedback and employee discretion Training Groups- T-groups are designed to provide members with experiential learning about group dynamics, leadership and interpersonal relationships. The basic T-group training or sensitivity training is to change the standards, attitudes and behavior of individuals by using psychological techniques and programs.

Accommodation

Conflict Negotiation

Distress Stress

Refreezing Un freezing Diagnosis

Organization Development

QWL

T-Groups