ECE265

ECE 265 LECTURE 4

The M68HC11 Address Modes

9/29/2010

Lecture Overview
2

The M68HC11 Addressing Modes

Special

Consideration Details of the various Addressing modes

(Note: And

this is a very simple architecture)

Material from Chapter 2 plus a 68HC11 reference manual.

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU
ECE265 9/29/2010

Special Considerations
3

To start, look at the programmers model of the architecture. What registers are available?

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Special Considerations
4

To start, look at the programmers model of the architecture. What registers are available?

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Special Consideration
5

Consider that there are Index Register and a Stack Pointer.

This

indicates that these register will allow for more than simple load and store data transfers.

Will now examine the modes of data transfer permitted. The 68HC11 architecture support addressing modes that allow the basis to understand the addressing modes on any architecture.
Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU
ECE265 9/29/2010

Immediate Addressing (IMM)

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In immediate addressing the instruction itself contains the data to be loaded into the destination. Consider the instruction
LDAA

#$15 This instruction will load $15 into Accumulator A

In memory it will look like: (op code is $86)

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU
ECE265 9/29/2010

Some examples from text

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Load Immediate
LDAA #10

Loading a decimal value Loads the binary for 10 into A LDAA #$1C Loads the hexadecimal value $1C in A LDAA #@03 Loads the octal value 3 into A LDAA #%11101100 Loads a binary value LDAA #C Loads the ASCII code for the letter C

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Extended Addressing Mode (EXT)

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This addressing mode introduces the concept of the effective address of an operand. The effective address of an operand is the address in memory of the operand and is usually a calculated value. This mode also introduces the use of an instruction prebyte in the machine code of the 68HC11.
Instructions

that require a prebyte take 4 bytes of memory. Prebytes are either $18, $1A, or $CD
ECE265 9/29/2010

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

Example of Extended addressing

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Machine code and effect

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Direct Addressing (DIR)

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In direct addressing the least significant byte of the 16-bit address of the operand is in the instruction. The high order byte is taken to be $00. This is how you access the 256 bytes of RAM.

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Inherent (INH) addressing mode

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In this addressing mode all the information required for execution is contained in the instruction. No other operand is required. Examples:
Increment

an Accumulator (either A or B) Accumulator A+Accumulator B Accumulator A

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Relative Addressing Mode (REL)

12

Relative addressing is much like it sounds. The address is relative to something else. In the case of the 68HC11 relative addressing mode is used only for branch instructions. It is a 2 byte instruction with the second byte being the offset (-128 to +127) to take if the condition is TRUE. When the condition is not met, execution continues with the next instruction.
Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU
ECE265 9/29/2010

BCC example of relative (REL)

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Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

14

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Indexed Addressing Mode

15

There are two index address registers, X and Y, providing two indexed addressing modes, INDX and INDY. The value in the indexed register is added to an offset contained in the instruction to obtain the effective address of the operand. This is best seen by an example

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Indexed Mode example

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Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Lecture summary
17

Have covered
The

addressing Modes of the 68HC11 What the modes are and how they provide access to the operand of the instruction What an effective address is.

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010

Assignment
18

Read Chapter 3.1 through 3.6 HW 2 Problems

2.4

2.6
2.19 2.21

Joanne E. DeGroat, OSU

ECE265

9/29/2010