CAT 2006 Solved Paper

Indiatimes Mindscape Testcentre
CAT
2006 -
CAT 2006 - SOLVED PAPER
SOLVED PAPER
(PDF Format)
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2006 CAT SOLVED PAPER

SECTION I
Section I has 25 questions. Answer Questions 1 to 5 on the basis of the information given below: Two traders, Chetan and Michael, were involved in the buying and selling of MCS shares over five trading days. At the beginning of the first day, the MCS share was priced at Rs 100, while at the end of the fifth day it was priced at Rs 110. At the end of each day, the MCS share price either went up by Rs 10, or else, it came down by Rs 10. Both Chetan and Michael took buying and selling decisions at the end of each trading day. The beginning price of MCS share on a given day was the same as the ending price of the previous day. Chetan and Michael started with the same number of shares and amount of cash, and had enough of both. Below are some additional facts about how Chetan and Michael traded over the five trading days. Each day if the price went up, Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS at the closing price. On the other hand, each day if the price went down, he bought 10 shares at the closing price. If on any day, the closing price was above Rs 110, then Michael sold 10 shares of MCS, while if it was below Rs 90, he bought 10 shares, all at the closing price. 1. If Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS on three consecutive days, while Michael sold 10 shares only once during the five days, what was the price of MCS at the end of day 3? (1) Rs 90 (2) Rs 100 (3) Rs 110 (4) Rs 120 (5) Rs 130 If Michael ended up with 20 more shares than Chetan at the end of day 5, what was the price of the share at the end of day 3? (1) Rs 90 (2) Rs 100 (3) Rs 110 (4) Rs 120 (5) Rs 130 What could have been the maximum possible increase in combined cash balance of Chetan and Michael at the end of the fifth day? (1) Rs 3700 (2) Rs 4000 (3) Rs 4700 (4) Rs 5000 (5) Rs 6000 If Chetan ended up with Rs 1300 more cash than Michael at the end of day 5, what was the price of MCS share at the end of day 4? (1) Rs 90 (2) Rs 100 (3) Rs 110 (4) Rs 120 (5) Not uniquely determinable If Michael ended up with Rs 100 less cash than Chetan at the end of day 5, what was the difference in the number of shares possessed by Michael and Chetan (at the end of day 5)? (1) Michael had 10 less shares than Chetan. (2) Michael had 10 more shares than Chetan. (3) Chetan had 10 more shares than Michael. (4) Chetan had 20 more shares than Michael. (5) Both had the same number of shares.
2. 3. 4.
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Answer Questions 6 to 10 on the basis of the information given below: A significant amount of traffic flows from point S to point T in the one-way street network shown below. Points A, B, C, and D are junctions in the network, and the arrows mark the direction of traffic flow. The fuel cost in rupees for travelling along a street is indicated by the number adjacent to the arrow representing the street.
A 9 2 S 2 7 D
Motorists travelling from point S to point T would obviously take the route for which the total cost of travelling is the minimum. If two or more routes have the same least travel cost, then motorists are indifferent between them. Hence, the traffic gets evenly distributed among all the least cost routes. The government can control the flow of traffic only by levying appropriate toll at each junction. For example, if a motorist takes the route S-A-T (using junction A alone), then the total cost of travel would be Rs 14 (i.e., Rs 9 + Rs 5) plus the toll charged at junction A.
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C 6
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If the government wants to ensure that the traffic at S gets evenly distributed along streets from S to A, from S to B, and from S to D, then a feasible set of toll charged (in rupees) at junctions A, B, C, and D respectively to achieve this goal is: (1) 0, 5, 4, 1 (2) 0, 5, 2, 2 (3) 1, 5, 3, 3 (4) 1,5,3,2 (5) 0, 4, 3, 2 If the government wants to ensure that no traffic flows on the street from D to T, while equal amount of traffic flows through junctions A and C, then a feasible set of toll charged (in rupees) at junctions A, B, C, and D respectively to achieve this goal is: (1) 1, 5, 3, 3 (2) 1, 4, 4, 3 (3) 1, 5, 4, 2 (4) 0, 5, 2, 3 (5) 0, 5, 2, 2 If the government wants to ensure that all motorists travelling from S to T pay the same amount (fuel costs and toll combined) regardless of the route they choose and the street from B to C is under repairs (and hence unusable), then a feasible set of toll charged (in rupees) at junctions A, B, C, and D respectively to achieve this goal is: (1) 2, 5, 3, 2 (2) 0, 5, 3, 1 (3) 1, 5, 3, 2 (4) 2, 3, 5, 1 (5) 1, 3, 5, 1 If the government wants to ensure that all routes from S to T get the same amount of traffic, then a feasible set of toll charged (in rupees) at junctions A, B, C, and D respectively to achieve this goal is: (1) 0, 5, 2, 2 (2) 0, 5,4, 1 (3) 1, 5, 3, 3 (4) 1, 5, 3, 2 (5) 1, 5, 4, 2 The government wants to devise a toll policy such that the total cost to the commuters per trip is minimized. The policy should also ensure that not more than 70 per cent of the total traffic passes through junction B. The cost incurred by the commuter travelling from point S to point T under this policy will be: (1) Rs 7 (2) Rs 9 (3) Rs 10 (4) Rs 13 (5) Rs 14
Answer Questions 11 to 15 on the basis of the information given below: Mathematicians are assigned a number called Erds number (named after the famous mathematician, Paul Erds). Only Paul Erds himself has an Erds number of zero. Any mathematician who has written a research paper with Erds has an Erds number of 1. For other mathematicians, the calculation of his/her Erds number is illustrated below: Suppose that a mathematician X has co-authored papers with several other mathematicians. From among them, mathematician Y has the smallest Erds number. Let the Erds number of Y be y. Then X has an Erds number of y + 1. Hence any mathematician with no coauthorship chain connected to Erds has an Erds number of infinity. In a seven day long mini-conference organized in memory of Paul Erds, a close group of eight mathematicians, call them A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, discussed some research problems. At the beginning of the conference, A was the only participant who had an infinite Erds number. Nobody had an Erds number less than that of F. On the third day of the conference F co-authored a paper jointly with A and C. This reduced the average Erds number of the group of eight mathematicians to 3. The Erds numbers of B, D, E, G and H remained unchanged with the writing of this paper. Further, no other co-authorship among any three members would have reduced the average Erds number of the group of eight to as low as 3. At the end of the third day, five members of this group had identical Erds numbers while the other three had Erds numbers distinct from each other. On the fifth day, E co-authored a paper with F which reduced the groups average Erds number by 0.5. The Erds numbers of the remaining six were unchanged with the writing of this paper. No other paper was written during the conference. 11. 12. 13. The Erds number of C at the end of the conference was: (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5 The Erds number of E at the beginning of the conference was: (1) 5 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8 How many participants had the same Erds number at the beginning of the conference? (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) cannot be determined The person having the largest Erds number at the end of the conference must have had Erds number (at that time): (1) 5 (2) 7 (3) 9 (4) 14 (5) 15 How many participants in the conference did not change their Erds number during the conference? (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) cannot be determined
14. 15.
Answer Questions 16 to 20 on the basis of the information given below: K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U and W are the only ten members in a department. There is a proposal to form a team from within the members of the department, subject to the following conditions: A team must include exactly one among P, R, and S. A team must include either M or Q, but not both. If a team includes K, then it must also include L, and vice versa.
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If a team includes one among S, U, and W, then it must also include the other two. L and N cannot be members of the same team. L and U cannot be members of the same team. The size of a team is defined as the number of members in the team. 16. Who can be a member of a team of size 5? (1) K (2) L (3) M 17. Who cannot be a member of a team of size 3? (1) L (2) M (3) N 18. What could be the size of a team that includes K? (1) 2 or 3 (2) 2 or 4 (3) 3 or 4 19. In how many ways a team can be constituted so that the team includes N? (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 20. What would be the size of the largest possible team? (1) 8 (2) 7 (3) 6 (5) cannot be determined
(4) P (4) P (4) Only 2 (4) 5 (4) 5
(5) R (5) Q (5) Only 4 (5) 6
Answer Questions 21 to 25 on the basis of the information given below: In a Class X Board examination, ten papers are distributed over five Groups - PCB, Mathematics, Social Science, Vernacular and English. Each of the ten papers is evaluated out of 100. The final score of a student is calculated in the following manner. First, the Group Scores are obtained by averaging marks in the papers within the Group. The final score is the simple average of the Group Scores. The data for the top ten students are presented below. (Dipans score in English Paper II has been intentionally removed in the table.)
Name of the PCB Group Mathematics Social Science Group Vernacular Group English Group student Phy Chem. Bio. Group Hist. Geo. Paper I Paper II Paper I Paper II Ayesha (G) Ram (B) Dipan (B) Sagnik (B) Sanjiv (B) Shreya (G) Joseph (B) Agni (B) Pritam (B) Tirna (G) 98 97 98 97 95 96 90 96 98 96 96 99 98 98 96 89 94 99 98 98 97 95 98 99 97 85 98 96 95 97 98 97 95 96 98 100 100 99 98 99 95 95 96 96 97 97 94 95 83 85 93 96 95 98 96 98 97 96 95 94 94 94 96 94 92 94 90 82 90 92 96 94 94 97 93 95 92 93 93 91 96 96 96 92 95 96 94 92 94 87 98 98 ? 94 96 95 95 93 94 96 Final Score 96.2 96.1 96.0 95.9 95.7 95.5 95.0 94.3 93.9 93.7
Note: B or G against the name of a student respectively indicates whether the student is a boy or a girl. 21. How much did Dipan get in English Paper II? (1) 94 (2) 96.5 (3) 97 (4) 98 (4) 99 22. Had Joseph, Agni, Pritam and Tirna each obtained Group Score of 100 in the Social Science Group, then their standing in decreasing order of final score would be: (1) Pritam, Joseph, Tirna, Agni (2) Joseph, Tirna, Agni, Pritam (3) Pritam, Agni, Tirna, Joseph (4) Joseph, Tirna, Pritam, Agni (5) Pritam, Tirna, Agni, Joseph 23. Each of the ten students was allowed to improve his/her score in exactly one paper of choice with the objective of maximizing his/her final score. Everyone scored 100 in the paper in which he or she chose to improve. After that, the topper among the ten students was: (1) Ram (2) Agni (3) Pritam (4) Ayesha (5) Dipan 24. Among the top ten students, how many boys scored at least 95 in at least one paper from each of the groups? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5 25. Students who obtained Group Scores of at least 95 in every group are eligible to apply for a prize. Among those who are eligible, the student obtaining the highest Group Score in Social Science Group is awarded this prize. The prize was awarded to: (1) Shreya (2) Ram (3) Ayesha (4) Dipan (5) no one from the top ten
SECTION II
Section II has 25 questions. Directions for Questions 26 to 30: Each question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following: Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statement with an F). Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an I). Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present or the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a 'J'). Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements. 26. 1. 2. 3. 4.
We should not be hopelessly addicted to an erroneous belief that corruption in India is caused by the crookedness of Indians. The truth is that we have more red tape - we take eighty-nine days to start a small business, Australians take two. Red tape leads to corruption and distorts a peoples character. Every red tape procedure is a point of contact with an official, and such contacts have the potential to become opportunities for money to change hands. (1) JFIF (2) JFJJ (3) JIJF (4) IFJF (5) JFJI Given the poor quality of service in the public sector, the HIV/AIDS affected should be switching to private initiatives that supply anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) at a low cost. The government has been supplying free drugs since 2004, and 35000 have benefited up to now - though the size of the affected population is 150 times this number. The recent initiatives of networks and companies like AIDSCare Network, Emcure, Reliance-Cipla-CII, would lead to availability of much-needed drugs to a larger number of affected people. But how ironic it is that we should face a perennial shortage of drugs when India is one of the worlds largest suppliers of generic drugs to the developing world. (1) JFIJ (2) JIIJ (3) IFIJ (4) IFFJ (5) JFII According to all statistical indications, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has managed to keep pace with its ambitious goals. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been a significant incentive for the poor to send their little ones to school, thus establishing the vital link between healthy bodies and healthy minds. Only about 13 million children in the age group of 6 to 14 years are out of school. The goal of universalisation of elementary education has to be a pre-requisite for the evolution and development of our country. (1) IJFJ (2) JIIJ (3) IJFJ (4) IJFI (5) JIFI Inequitable distribution of all kinds of resources is certainly one of the strongest and most sinister sources of conflict. Even without war, we know that conflicts continue to trouble us - they only change in character. Extensive disarmament is the only insurance for our future; imagine the amount of resources that can be released and redeployed. The economies of the industrialized western world derive 20% of their income from the sale of all kinds of arms. (1) IJJI (2) JIJF (3) IIJF (4) JIIF (5) IJIF So much of our day-to-day focus seems to be on getting things done, trudging our way through the tasks of living - it can feel like a treadmill that gets you nowhere; where is the childlike joy? We are not doing the things that make us happy; that which brings us joy; the things that we cannot wait to do because we enjoy them so much. This is the stuff that joyful living is made of - identifying your calling and committing yourself wholeheartedly to it. When this happens, each moment becomes a celebration of you; there is a rush of energy that comes with feeling completely immersed in doing what you love most. (1) IIIJ (2) IFIJ (3) JFJJ (4) JJJJ (5) JFIl
27. 1. 2. 3. 4.
28. 1. 2. 3. 4. 29. 1. 2. 3. 4. 30. 1. 2. 3. 4.
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Directions for Questions 31 to 35: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. Our propensity to look out for regularities, and to impose laws upon nature, leads to the psychological phenomenon of dogmatic thinking or, more generally, dogmatic behaviour: we expect regularities everywhere and attempt to find them even where there are none; events which do not yield to these attempts we are inclined to treat as a kind of background noise; and we stick to our expectations even when they are inadequate and we ought to accept defeat. This dogmatism is to some extent necessary. It is demanded by a situation which can only be dealt with by forcing our conjectures upon the world. Moreover, this dogmatism allows us to approach a good theory in stages, by way of approximations: if we accept defeat too easily, we may prevent ourselves from finding that we were very nearly right. It is clear that this dogmatic attitude, which makes us stick to our first impressions, is indicative of a strong belief; while a critical attitude, which is ready to modify its tenets, which admits doubt and demands tests, is indicative of a weaker belief. Now according to Humes theory, and to the popular theory, the strength of a belief should be a product of repetition; thus it should always grow with experience, and always be greater in less primitive persons. But dogmatic thinking, an uncontrolled wish to impose regularities, a manifest pleasure in rites and in repetition as such, is characteristic of primitives and children; and increasing experience and maturity sometimes create an attitude of caution and criticism rather than of dogmatism. My logical criticism of Humes psychological theory, and the considerations connected with it, may seem a little removed from the field of the philosophy of science. But the distinction between dogmatic and critical thinking, or the dogmatic and the critical attitude, brings us right back to our central problem. For the dogmatic attitude is clearly related to the tendency to verify our laws and schemata by seeking to apply them and to confirm them, even to the point of neglecting refutations, whereas the critical attitude is one of readiness to change them - to test them; to refute them; to falsify them, if possible. This suggests that we may identify the critical attitude with the scientific attitude, and the dogmatic attitude with the one which we have described as pseudo-scientific. It further suggests that genetically speaking the pseudo-scientific attitude is more primitive than, and prior to, the scientific attitude: that it is a pre-scientific attitude. And this primitivity or priority also has its logical aspect. For the critical attitude is not so much opposed to the dogmatic attitude as super-imposed upon it: criticism must be directed against existing and influential beliefs in need of critical revision - in other words, dogmatic beliefs. A critical attitude needs for its raw material, as it were, theories or beliefs which are held more or less dogmatically. Thus, science must begin with myths, and with the criticism of myths; neither with the collection of observations, nor with the invention of experiments, but with the critical discussion of myths, and of magical techniques and practices. The scientific tradition is distinguished from the pre-scientific tradition in having two layers. Like the latter, it passes on its theories; but it also passes on a critical attitude towards them. The theories are passed on, not as dogmas, but rather with the challenge to discuss them and improve upon them. The critical attitude, the tradition of free discussion of theories with the aim of discovering their weak spots so that they may be improved upon, is the attitude of reasonableness, of rationality. From the point of view here developed, all laws, all theories, remain essentially tentative, or conjectural, or hypothetical, even when we feel unable to doubt them any longer. Before a theory has been refuted we can never know in what way it may have to be modified. 31. In the context of science, according to the passage, the interaction of dogmatic beliefs and critical attitude can be best described as: (1) A duel between two warriors in which one has to die (2) The effect of a chisel on a marble stone while making a sculpture (3) The feedstock (natural gas) in fertilizer industry being transformed into fertilizers (4) A predator killing its prey. (5) The effect of fertilizers on a sapling. 32. According to the passage, the role of a dogmatic attitude or dogmatic behaviour in the development of science is (1) critical and important, as, without it, initial hypotheses or conjectures can never be made. (2) positive, as conjectures arising out of our dogmatic attitude become science. (3) negative, as it leads to pseudo-science. (4) neutral, as the development of science is essentially because of our critical attitude. (5) inferior to critical attitude, as a critical attitude leads to the attitude of reasonableness and rationality. 33. Dogmatic behaviour, in this passage, has been associated with primitives and children. Which of the following best describes the reason why the author compares primitives with children? (1) Primitives are people who are not educated, and hence can be compared with children, who have not yet been through school (2) Primitives are people who, though not modern, are as innocent as children. (3) Primitives are people without a critical attitude, just as children are. (4) Primitives are people in the early stages of human evolution; similarly, children are in the early stages of their lives. (5) Primitives are people who are not civilized enough, just as children are not.
34. Which of the following statements best supports the argument in the passage that a critical attitude leads to a weaker belief than a dogmatic attitude does? (1) A critical attitude implies endless questioning, and, therefore, it cannot lead to strong beliefs. (2) A critical attitude, by definition, is centred on an analysis of anomalies and noise. (3) A critical attitude leads to questioning everything, and in the process generates noise without any conviction. (4) A critical attitude is antithetical to conviction, which is required for strong beliefs. (5) A critical attitude leads to questioning and to tentative hypotheses. 35. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the difference between science and pseudo-science? (1) Scientific theories or hypothesis are tentatively true whereas pseudo-sciences are always true. (2) Scientific laws and theories are permanent and immutable whereas pseudo-sciences are contingent on the prevalent mode of thinking in a society. (3) Science always allows the possibility of rejecting a theory or hypothesis, whereas pseudo-sciences seek to validate their ideas or theories. (4) Science focuses on anomalies and exceptions so that fundamental truths can be uncovered, whereas pseudo-sciences focus mainly on general truths. (5) Science progresses by collection of observations or by experimentation, whereas pseudo-sciences do not worry about observations and experiments. Directions for Questions 36 to 40: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. Fifteen years after communism was officially pronounced dead, its spectre seems once again to be haunting Europe. Last month, the Council of Europes parliamentary assembly voted to condemn the crimes of totalitarian communist regimes, linking them with Nazism and complaining that communist parties are still legal and active in some countries. Now Goran Lindblad, the conservative Swedish MP behind the resolution, wants to go further. Demands that European Ministers launch a continent-wide anti-communist campaign - including school textbook revisions, official memorial days, and museums - only narrowly missed the necessary two-thirds majority. Mr. Lindblad pledged to bring the wider plans back to the Council of Europe in the coming months. He has chosen a good year for his ideological offensive: this is the 50th anniversary of Nikita Khrushchevs denunciation of Josef Stalin and the subsequent Hungarian uprising, which will doubtless be the cue for further excoriation of the communist record. Paradoxically, given that there is no communist government left in Europe outside Moldova, the attacks have if anything, become more extreme as time has gone on. A clue as to why that might be can be found in the rambling report by Mr. Lindblad that led to the Council of Europe declaration. Blaming class struggle and public ownership, he explained different elements of communist ideology such as equality or social justice still seduce many and a sort of nostalgia for communism is still alive. Perhaps the real problem for Mr. Lindblad and his right-wing allies in Eastern Europe is that communism is not dead enough - and they will only be content when they have driven a stake through its heart. The fashionable attempt to equate communism and Nazism is in reality a moral and historical nonsense. Despite the cruelties of the Stalin terror, there was no Soviet Treblinka or Sorbibor, no extermination camps built to murder millions. Nor did the Soviet Union launch the most devastating war in history at a cost of more than 50 million lives - in fact it played the decisive role in the defeat of the German war machine. Mr. Lindblad and the Council of Europe adopt as fact the wildest estimates of those killed by communist regimes (mostly in famines) from the fiercely contested Black Book of Communism, which also underplays the number of deaths attributable to Hitler. But, in any case, none of this explains why anyone might be nostalgic in former communist states, now enjoying the delights of capitalist restoration. The dominant account gives no sense of how communist regimes renewed themselves after 1956 or why Western leaders feared they might overtake the capitalist world well into the 1960s. For all its brutalities and failures, communism in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and elsewhere delivered rapid industrialization, mass education, job security, and huge advances in social and gender equality. Its existence helped to drive up welfare standards in the West, and provided a powerful counterweight to Western global domination. It would be easier to take the Council of Europes condemnation of communist state crimes seriously if it had also seen fit to denounce the far bloodier record of European colonialism - which only finally came to an end in the 1970s. This was a system of racist despotism, which dominated the globe in Stalins time. And while there is precious little connection between the ideas of fascism and communism, there is an intimate link between colonialism and Nazism. The terms lebensraum and konzentrationslager were both first used by the German colonial regime in south-west Africa (now Namibia), which committed genocide against the Herero and Nama peoples and bequeathed its ideas and personnel directly to the Nazi party. Around 10 million Congolese died as a result of Belgian forced labour and mass murder in the early twentieth century; tens of millions perished in avoidable or enforced famines in British-ruled India; up to a million Algerians died in their war for independence, while
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controversy now rages in France about a new law requiring teachers to put a positive spin on colonial history. Comparable atrocities were carried out by all European colonialists, but not a word of condemnation from the Council of Europe. Presumably, European lives count for more. No major twentieth century political tradition is without blood on its hands, but battles over history are more about the future than the past. Part of the current enthusiasm in official Western circles for dancing on the grave of communism is no doubt about relations with todays Russia and China. But it also reflects a determination to prove there is no alternative to the new global capitalist order - and that any attempt to find one is bound to lead to suffering. With the new imperialism now being resisted in the Muslim world and Latin America, growing international demands for social justice and ever greater doubts about whether the environmental crisis can be solved within the existing economic system, the pressure for alternatives will increase. 36. Among all the apprehensions that Mr. Goran Lindblad expresses against communism, which one gets admitted, although indirectly, by the author? (1) There is nostalgia for communist ideology even if communism has been abandoned by most European nations. (2) Notions of social justice inherent in communist ideology appeal to critics of existing systems. (3) Communist regimes were totalitarian and marked by brutalities and large scale violence. (4) The existing economic order is wrongly viewed as imperialistic by proponents of communism. (5) Communist ideology is faulted because communist regimes resulted in economic failures. What, according to the author, is the real reason for a renewed attack against communism? (1) Disguising the unintended consequences of the current economic order such as social injustice and environmental crisis. (2) Idealising the existing ideology of global capitalism. (3) Making communism a generic representative of all historical atrocities, especially those perpetrated by the European imperialists. (4) Communism still survives, in bits and pieces, in the minds and hearts of people. (5) Renewal of some communist regimes has led to the apprehension that communist nations might overtake the capitalists. The author cites examples of atrocities perpetrated by European colonial regimes in order to (1) compare the atrocities committed by colonial regimes with those of communist regimes. (2) prove that the atrocities committed by colonial regimes were more than those of communist regimes. (3) prove that, ideologically, communism was much better than colonialism and Nazism. (4) neutralise the arguments of Mr. Lindblad and to point out that the atrocities committed by colonial regimes were more than those of communist regimes. (5) neutralise the arguments of Mr. Lindblad and to argue that one needs to go beyond and look at the motives of these regimes. Why, according to the author, is Nazism closer to colonialism than it is to communism? (1) Both colonialism and Nazism were examples of tyranny of one race over another. (2) The genocides committed by the colonial and the Nazi regimes were of similar magnitude. (3) Several ideas of the Nazi regime were directly imported from colonial regimes. (4) Both colonialism and Nazism are based on the principles of imperialism. (5) While communism was never limited to Europe, both the Nazis and the colonialists originated in Europe. Which of the following cannot be inferred as a compelling reason for the silence of the Council of Europe on colonial atrocities? (1) The Council of Europe being dominated by erstwhile colonialists. (2) Generating support for condemning communist ideology. (3) Unwillingness to antagonize allies by raking up an embarrassing past. (4) Greater value seemingly placed on European lives. (5) Portraying both communism and Nazism as ideologies to be condemned.
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Directions for Questions 41 to 45: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. My aim is to present a conception of justice which generalizes and carries to a higher level of abstraction the familiar theory of the social contract. In order to do this we are not to think of the original contract as one to enter a particular society or to set up a particular form of government. Rather, the idea is that the principles of justice for the basic structure of society are the object of the original agreement. They are the principles that free and rational persons concerned to further their own interests would accept in an initial position of equality. These principles are to regulate all further agreements; they specify the kinds of social cooperation that can be entered into and the forms of government that can be established. This way of regarding the principles of justice, I shall call justice as fairness. Thus, we are to imagine that those who engage in social cooperation choose together, in one joint act, the principles which are to assign basic rights and duties and to determine the division of social benefits. Just as each person must decide by rational reflection what constitutes his good, that is, the system of ends which it is rational for him to pursue, so a group of persons must decide once and for all what is to count among them as just and unjust. The choice which rational men would make in this hypothetical situation of equal liberty determines the principles of justice.
In justice as fairness, the original position is not an actual historical state of affairs. It is understood as a purely hypothetical situation characterized so as to lead to a certain conception of justice. Among the essential features of this situation is that no one knows his place in society, his class position or social status, nor does anyone know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence, strength, and the like. I shall even assume that the parties do not know their conceptions of the good or their special psychological propensities. The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance. This ensures that no one is advantaged or disadvantaged in the choice of principles by the outcome of natural chance or the contingency of social circumstances. Since all are similarly situated and no one is able to design principles to favor his particular condition, the principles of justice are the result of a fair agreement or bargain. Justice as fairness begins with one of the most general of all choices which persons might make together, namely, with the choice of the first principles of a conception of justice which is to regulate all subsequent criticism and reform of institutions. Then, having chosen a conception of justice, we can suppose that they are to choose a constitution and a legislature to enact laws, and so on, all in accordance with the principles of justice initially agreed upon. Our social situation is just if it is such that by this sequence of hypothetical agreements we would have contracted into the general system of rules which defines it. Moreover, assuming that the original position does determine a set of principles, it will then be true that whenever social institutions satisfy these principles, those engaged in them can say to one another that they are cooperating on terms to which they would agree if they were free and equal persons whose relations with respect to one another were fair. They could all view their arrangements as meeting the stipulations which they would acknowledge in an initial situation that embodies widely accepted and reasonable constraints on the choice of principles. The general recognition of this fact would provide the basis for a public acceptance of the corresponding principles of justice. No society can, of course, be a scheme of cooperation which men enter voluntarily in a literal sense; each person finds himself placed at birth in some particular position in some particular society, and the nature of this position materially affects his life prospects. Yet a society satisfying the principles of justice as fairness comes as close as a society can to being a voluntary scheme, for it meets the principles which free and equal persons would assent to under circumstances that are fair. 41. A just society, as conceptualized in the passage, can be best described as: (1) A Utopia in which everyone is equal and no one enjoys any privilege based on their existing positions and powers. (2) A hypothetical society in which people agree upon principles of justice which are fair. (3) A society in which principles of justice are not based on the existing positions and powers of the individuals. (4) A society in which principles of justice are fair to all. (5) A hypothetical society in which principles of justice are not based on the existing positions and powers of the individuals. 42. The original agreement or original position in the passage has been used by the author as: (1) A hypothetical situation conceived to derive principles of justice which are not influenced by position, status and condition of individuals in the society. (2) A hypothetical situation in which every individual is equal and no individual enjoys any privilege based on the existing positions and powers. (3) A hypothetical situation to ensure fairness of agreements among individuals in society. (4) An imagined situation in which principles of justice would have to be fair. (5) An imagined situation in which fairness is the objective of the principles of justice to ensure that no individual enjoys any privilege based on the existing positions and powers. 43. Which of the following best illustrates the situation that is equivalent to choosing the principles of justice behind a veil of ignorance? (1) The principles of justice are chosen by businessmen, who are marooned on an uninhabited island after a shipwreck, but have some possibility of returning. (2) The principles of justice are chosen by a group of school children whose capabilities are yet to develop. (3) The principles of justice are chosen by businessmen, who are marooned on an uninhabited island after a shipwreck and have no possibility of returning. (4) The principles of justice are chosen assuming that such principles will govern the lives of the rule makers only in their next birth if the rule makers agree that they will be born again. (5) The principles of justice are chosen by potential immigrants who are unaware of the resources necessary to succeed in a foreign country. 44. Why, according to the passage, do principles of justice need to be based on an original agreement? (1) Social institutions and laws can be considered fair only if they conform to principles of justice. (2) Social institutions and laws can be fair only if they are consistent with the principles of justice as initially agreed upon. (3) Social institutions and laws need to be fair in order to be just. (4) Social institutions and laws evolve fairly only if they are consistent with the principles of justice as initially agreed upon. (5) Social institutions and laws conform to the principles of justice as initially agreed upon.
AIETS
45. Which of the following situations best represents the idea of justice as fairness, as argued in the passage? (1) All individuals are paid equally for the work they do. (2) Everyone is assigned some work for his or her livelihood. (3) All acts of theft are penalized equally. (4) All children are provided free education in similar schools. (5) All individuals are provided a fixed sum of money to take care of their health. Directions for Questions 46 to 50: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way. 46. Age has a curvilinear relationship with the exploitation of opportunity. Initially, age will increase the likelihood that a person will exploit an entrepreneurial opportunity because people gather much of the knowledge necessary to exploit opportunities over the course of their lives, and because age provides credibility in transmitting that information to others. However, as people become older, their willingness to bear risks declines, their opportunity costs rise, and they become less receptive to new information. (1) As a result, people transmit more information rather than experiment with new ideas as they reach an advanced age. (2) As a result, people are reluctant to experiment with new ideas as they reach an advanced age. (3) As a result, only people with lower opportunity costs exploit opportunity when they reach an advanced age. (4) As a result, people become reluctant to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities when they reach an advanced age. (5) As a result, people depend on credibility rather than on novelty as they reach an advanced age. 47. I am sometimes attacked for imposing rules. Nothing could be further from the truth. I hate rules. All I do is report on how consumers react to different stimuli. I may say to a copywriter, Research shows that commercials with celebrities are below average in persuading people to buy products. Are you sure you want to use a celebrity? Call that a rule? Or I may say to an art director, Research suggests that if you set the copy in black type on a white background, more people will read it than if you set it in white type on a black background. (1) Guidance based on applied research can hardly qualify as rules. (2) Thus, all my so called rules are rooted in applied research. (3) A suggestion perhaps, but scarcely a rule. (4) Such principles are unavoidable if one wants to be systematic about consumer behaviour. (5) Fundamentally it is about consumer behaviour - not about celebrities or type settings. 48. We can usefully think of theoretical models as maps, which help us navigate unfamiliar territory. The most accurate map that it is possible to construct would be of no practical use whatsoever, for it would be an exact replica, on exactly the same scale, of the place where we were. Good maps pull out the most important features and throwaway a huge amount of much less valuable information. Of course, maps can be bad as well as good - witness the attempts by medieval Europe to produce a map of the world. In the same way, a bad theory, no matter how impressive it may seem in principle, does little or nothing to help us understand a problem. (1) But good theories, just like good maps, are invaluable, even if they are simplified. (2) But good theories, just like good maps, will never represent unfamiliar concepts in detail. (3) But good theories, just like good maps, need to balance detail and feasibility of representation. (4) But good theories, just like good maps, are accurate only at a certain level of abstraction. (5) But good theories, just like good maps, are useful in the hands of a user who knows their limitations. 49. In the evolving world order, the comparative advantage of the United States lies in its military force. Diplomacy and international law have always been regarded as annoying encumbrances, unless they can be used to advantage against an enemy. Every active player in world affairs professes to seek only peace and to prefer negotiation to violence and coercion. (1) However, diplomacy has often been used as a mask by nations which intended to use force. (2) However, when the veil is lifted, we commonly see that diplomacy is understood as a disguise for the rule of force. (3) However, history has shown that many of these nations do not practice what they profess. (4) However, history tells us that peace is professed by those who intend to use violence. (5) However, when unmasked, such nations reveal a penchant for the use of force. 50. Relations between the factory and the dealer are distant and usually strained as the factory tries to force cars on the dealers to smooth out production. Relations between the dealer and the customer are equally strained because dealers continuously adjust prices - make deals - to adjust demand with supply while maximizing profits. This becomes a system marked by a lack of long-term commitment on either side, which maximizes feelings of mistrust. In order to maximize their bargaining positions, everyone holds back information - the dealer about the product and the consumer about his true desires: (1) As a result, deal making becomes rampant, without concern for customer satisfaction. (2) As a result, inefficiencies creep into the supply chain. (3) As a result, everyone treats the other as an adversary, rather than as an ally. (4) As a result, fundamental innovations are becoming scarce in the automobile industry. (5) As a result, everyone loses in the long run.
SECTION III
Section III has 25 questions. 51. 52. Consider a sequence where the n th term, t n = n/(n+2), n = 1, 2,... The value of t 3 t 4 t 5 .....t 53 equals: (1) 2/495 (2) 2/477 (3) 12/55 (4) 1/1485 (5) 1/2970 The length, breadth and height of a room are in the ratio 3:2:1. If the breadth and height are halved while the length is doubled, then the total area of the four walls of the room will (1) remain the same (2) decrease by 13.64% (3) decrease by 15% (4) decrease by 18.75% (5) decrease by 30% If x = 0.5, then which of the following has the smallest value? (1) 21/x (2) 1/x (3) 1/x2 Which among 21/2 , 31/3 , 41/4 , 61/6 and 121/12 is the largest? (1) 21/2 (2) 31/3 (3) 41/4 (4) 2x (4) 61/6 (5) 1 / x (5) 121/12
53. 54.
Answer Questions 55 and 56 on the basis of the information given below: An airline has a certain free luggage allowance and charges for excess luggage at a fixed rate per kg. Two passengers, Raja and Praja have 60 kg of luggage between them, and are charged Rs 1200 and Rs 2400 respectively for excess luggage. Had the entire luggage beloged to one of them, the excess luggage charge would have been Rs 5400. 55. What is the weight of Prajas luggage? (1) 20 kg (2) 25 kg (3) 30 kg (4) 35 kg (5) 40kg 56. What is the free luggage allowance? (1) 10 kg (2) 5 kg (3) 20 kg (4) 25 kg (5) 30 kg 57. The number of employees in Obelix Menhir Co. is a prime number and is less than 300. The ratio of the number of employees who are graduates and above, to that of employees who are not, can possibly be: (a)101:88 (2) 87:100 (3) 110:111 (4) 85:98 (5) 97:84 If logy x =(a . log z y) = (b . logx z)ab, then which of the following pairs of values for (a,b) is not possible? (1) (2,1/2) (2) (1, 1) (3) (0.4, 2.5) (4) (, 1/) (5) (2, 2) When you reverse the digits of the number 13, the number increases by 18. Howmany other two-digit numbers increase by 18 when their digits are reversed? (1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 7 (4) 8 (5) 9 The graph of y x against y + x is as shown below. (All graphs in this question are drawn to scale and the same scale has used on each axis). y-x
58. 59.
60.
y+x
Which of the following shows the graph of y against x?

y y
(1)
x
(2)
x
y
y y
(3)
x 11
(d)
x
(e)
x
AIETS
61.
Arun, Barun and Kiranmala start from the same place and travel in the same direction at speeds of 30, 40 and 60 km per hour respectively. Barun starts two hours after Arun. If Barun and Kiranmala overtake Arun at the same instant, how many hours after Arun did Kiranmala start? (1) 3 (2) 3.5 (3) 4 (4) 4.5 (5) 5 What values of x satisfy x2/3 + x1/3 2 0? (1) 8 x 1 (2) 1 x 8 (3) 1 < x < 8 (4) 1 x 8 (5) 8 x 8
62.
Answer Question 63 and 64 on the basis of the information given below: A punching machine is used to punch a circular hole of diameter two units from a square sheet of aluminium of width 2 units, as shown below. The hole is punched such that the circular hole touches one corner P of the square sheet and the diameter of the hole originating at P is in line with a diagonal of the square.
63. 64. 65.
66. 67.
68.
The proportion of the sheet area that remains after punching is: (1) ( + 2) / 8 (2) (6 ) / 8 (3) (4 ) / 4 (4) ( 2) / 4 (5) ( 2) / 6 Find the area of the part of the circle (round punch) falling outside the square sheet. (1) / 4 (2) ( 1) / 2 (3) ( 1) / 4 (4) ( 2) / 2 (5) ( 2) / 4 Consider the set S = {1, 2, 3, ..., 1000}. How many arithmetic progressions can be formed from the elements of S that start with 1 and end with 1000 and have at least 3 elements? (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 8 If a / b=1 / 3, b / c = 2, c / d = 1/2, d / e = 3 and e / f = 1 / 4, then what is the value of abc / def? (1) 3/8 (2) 27/8 (3) 3/4 (4) 27/4 (5) 1/4 A group of 630 children is arranged in rows for a group photograph session. Each row contains three fewer children than the row in front of it. What number of rows is not possible? (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 6 (5) 7 What are the values of x and y that satisfy both the equations? 20.7x . 31.25y = 8 6/27 40.3x . 90.2y = 8.(81)1/5 (1) x = 2, y = 5 (2) x = 2.5, y = 6 (3) x= 3, y = 5 (4) x = 3, y = 4 (5) x = 5, y = 2 A survey was conducted of 100 people to find out whether they had read recent issues of Golmal, a monthly magazine. The summarized information regarding readership in 3 months is given below: Only September : 18; September but not August: 23; September and July : 8; September : 28; July : 48; July and August : 10; None of the three months : 24. What is the number of surveyed people who have read exactly two consecutive issues (out of the three)? (1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 12 (4) 14 (5) 17 An equilateral triangle BPC is drawn inside a square ABCD. What is the value of the angle APD in degrees? (1) 75 (2) 90 (3) 120 (4) 135 (5) 150
12
69.
70.
71.
A semi-circle is drawn with AB as its diameter. From C, a point on AB, a line perpendicular to AB is drawn meeting the circumference of the semi-circle at D. Given that AC = 2 cm and CD = 6 cm, the area of the semi-circle (in sq.cm) will be: (1) 32 (2) 50 (3) 40.5 (4) 81 (5) undeterminable The number of solutions of the equation 2x + y = 40 where both x and y are positive integers and x y if: (1) 7 (2) 13 (3) 14 (4) 18 (5) 20 There are 6 tasks and 6 persons. Task I cannot be assigned either to person 1 or to person 2; task 2 must be assigned to either person 3 or person 4. Every person is to be assigned one task. In how many ways can the assignment be done? (1) 144 (2) 180 (3) 192 (4) 360 (5) 716 The sum of four consecutive two-digit odd numbers, when divided by 10, becomes a perfect square. Which of the following can possibly be one of these four numbers? (1) 21 (2) 25 (3) 41 (4) 67 (5) 73 Let f(x) = max (2x + 1, 3 4x), where x is any real number. Then the minimum possible value of f(x) is: (1) 1/3 (2) 1/2 (3) 2/3 (4) 4/3 (5) 5/3
72. 73.
74.
75.
13
AIETS
HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (3) The opening price on day 1 was Rs 100. The closing price on day 5 was Rs 110. Chetan sold 10 shares of MCS on 3 consecutive days and Michael sold 10 shares only once during the 5 days. The possible trend of the closing price of MCS shares is:
Day Opening Price Closing Price 1 100 90 2 90 100 3 4 5 100 110 120 110 120 110
4.
(2) The various possible cases of price variation are given below.
I 90 80 90 100 110 II 90 100 90 100 110 III 90 100 110 120 110 IV 90 100 110 100 110 V 110 100 110 120 110 VI 110 120 110 120 110 VII 110 120 130 120 110 VIII 110 100 90 100 110 IX 110 100 110 100 110 X 110 120 110 100 110
1 2 3 4 5
Chetan sells Chetan sells Chetan sells; Michael sells
900 900 900 900 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 Chetan's 800 1000 1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 1000 1000 1200 Transa900 900 1100 1100 1100 1100 1300 900 1100 1100 ctions 1000 1000 1200 1000 1200 1200 1200 1000 1000 1000 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 Michael's Transactions Chetan Michael 800 1200 1200 1200 1200 2100 1300 100 1300 1200 1300 1200 1200
2.
So the closing price at the end of day 3 was Rs 110/(1) Michael ended up with 20 more shares than Chetan at the end of day 5. The various possibilities in this situation for the given options are :
100 1100 2400
1300 1300
100
Closing prices Day 1 2 3 4 5 Shares gained by Chetan Option 1 90/110 80/100 90 100 110 +10+10 -10+10 2 3 90/110 100/120 110 100/120 110 10-10 -10-10 4 5 110 120 120 130 120 110 10+10+10 -10-10
5.
100 110
110
6.
Not Not -10-10 +10-10 possible -10-10 +10-10 possible +10 -10 +10 -10 10 +10 10 -10-10 -10 -
So in four cases II, IV, VIII and IX, Chetan had 1300 Rs more than Michael. In all the four cases, the closing price of day 4 is Rs 100/-. (5) From the above table it is clear that Michael had Rs 100 less cash than Chetan in case III, V and X. In all the three cases we see that Chetan sold 30 shares and bought 20 shares. But Michael only sold 10 shares. So finally both had the same number of shares. (4) For the traffic to be evenly distributed at S, the cost on the routes SAT, SBAT, SBCT, SDCT, and SDT has to be the same.
Routes Fuel Cost

-10-10-10 -40
Net of Michael
+20
So it is clear from the above table that Michael had 20 more shares than Chetan for option 1, where the closing prices were, 90, 80, 90, 100 and 110. So the price at the end of day 3 was 90 Rs. (4) The maximum possible increase in combined cash balance of Chetan and Michael would be in the case when both Chetan and Michael sell their shares and that too at higher prices. Further for Michael to sell his shares the price has to be above 110. This will be possible when the closing prices are : 110, 120, 130, 120 and 110. Day Chetan Michael 1 110 1100 2 120 1200 1200 3 130 1300 1300 4 120 1200 1200 5 110 1100 Total 1300 3700 So total increase in combined cash balance = 1300 + 3700 = Rs 5000
SAT SBAT SBCT SDCT SDT
9 + 5 = 14 2+2+5=9 2+3+2=7 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 7 + 6 = 13
1 14 14 16 15 14
Total Cost 4 2 3 15 14 15 15 14 15 15 14 15 15 14 16 15 15 16
5 14 13 14 15 15
7.
Option (5) is ruled out as the traffic moves only on SBAT. Again (3) is ruled out as the traffic do not move to the SD route. Similarly in (2) and (4) the traffic can not be equally divided as there are various paths possible which makes the distribution unequal. But in (1), there are only three routes SAT, SBAT and SDT, which among themselves can divide the traffic equally. (5) Street DT is not functional. For equal traffic through junctions A and C, the cost on routes SAT, SBAT, SBCT and SDCT shall be equal so that the traffic gets evenly distributed. This is true in case of option (5). Route Fuel cost Total cost SAT 14 14 + 0 = 14 SBAT 9 9 + 5 + 0 = 14 SBCT 7 7 + 5 + 2 = 14 SDCT 10 10 + 2 + 2 = 14
14
8.
9.
(2) Again the costs on all routes SAT SBAT, SDCT and SDT have to be equal so that all motorist pay the same amount. Route Fuel cost Total cost SAT 14 14 + 0 = 14 SBAT 9 9 + 5 + 0 = 14 SBCT 10 10 + 1 + 3 = 14 SDT 13 13 + 1 = 14 This is possible in option (2). (4) In this case cost on all the 5 routes has to be the same.
Route Fuel cost SAT SBAT SBCT SDCT SDT

10.
14 9 7 10 13
1 14 14 14 14 15
Total cost 2 3 4 14 15 15 14 15 15 16 15 15 15 16 15 14 16 15
11.
(2) (3)
5 15 15 16 16 15
12.
13.
(2)
So clearly (4) is the correct option. (3) The minimum cost to the commuters is Rs 7 for the route SBCT with 100% traffic flowing through it. If we increase this cost by a Re (using tolls 0, 0, 1, 0), i.e. the minimum cost becomes Rs 8, still 100% traffic flows through B. Further increasing the minimum cost to 9 (using tolls 0, 0, 2, 0) the traffic flows through SBAT (2 + 2 + 5 = 9) and SBCT (2 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 9), but still 100% traffic flows through B. Again increasing the minimum cost to 10, the traffic can move through SBAT, SBCT and SDCT. The various situations are Route Cost Cost Cost (Toll) (0, 1, 2,0) (1, 0, 3, 0) (0, 3, 0, 0) SBAT 10 10 12 SBCT 10 10 10 SDCT 12 13 10 Traffic 100% 100% 50% through B So for minimum cost of Rs 10, the situation is fulfilled. 11-15.
14.
(2)
15.
(4)
After 3rd day 5 mathematician have similar Erdos no. and the rest of 3 have distinct Erdos no. Hence 5 people have Erdos no. = f + 1 5(f + 1) + f + f + 5 + x = 24 7f + x = 14 The only values of f and x which satisfy this equation are f = 1 and x = 7 Note : The condition no other co-authorship among any 3 members would have reduced the avg. Erdos no to 3 means A followed by C had the largest Erdos no. at the beginning of the conference. The Erdos no. of C at the end of conference was f + 1 = 1 + 1= 2. The Erdos no. of E at the beginning of conference was f +5=1+5=6 [Note : that the Erdos no. of E did not changed till the third day as he did not co-authored any paper.] After 3rd day 5 participants had Erdos no. of f + 1. But A and C changed their Erdos no. to f + 1 on the third day itself. So, at the beginning of the conference only 3 participants had the same Erdos no. As calculated above, the Erdos no. of one of the participants was 7 (x) which do not change after the 5th day. During the conference, A and C changed their Erdos no. on the 3rd day and E changed its Erdos no. on the 5th day. So in all 5 participants do not change their Erdos no. Making K as a member
P M
16.
(3) Not included N, U, W
L R Q
Making M as a member
M S U W N
Q, P, R, K, L
17.
So from above grids it is clear that K, L, P and R can not be a member of a team of size 5. (1) Making L as a member
At Beginning A= B C D E F = min. = f G H
After 3rd day After 5th day A = f +1 A = f +1 B B C = f +1 C = f +1 D D E= f +5 E = f +1 F =f F= f G G H H Avg.3; Avg. 2.5, Total = 24 Total = 20
L K
This can not be a 3 member team as one from M/Q and R/ P/S each has to be there. M can be member of a team of 3, viz. MPN, P and N again are members of MPN Q can be a member of QPN, QRN etc. (5) If K is there, L has to be there. So N and U are out. Again as U is out so S and W will be out. So N, U, S and W are out. Now from M and Q only one has to be there. Again from P, R, S only one has to be there. But S is out. So team can be
18.
K L
19.
M P Q R so a team of only 4.
As the total Erdos no. of the group changes from 24 to 20, i.e. a difference of 4 and the Erdos no. of E becomes f + 1 after 5th day, it means the Erdos no of E was f + 1 + 4 = f + 5 after the third day.
15
(5) If N is there, L is out and so K is also out. Also, one from M or Q has to be there. Similarly one from P, R and S has to be there. So teams using N, are
AIETS
20.
21.
NMP N M S UW NMR NQP NQR NQSUW Hence 6 teams can be constituted. (4) The largest team size would be 5. For the largest team SUW has to be there. So P, R, K, L are out and only one from M or Q can be there. (3) Dipans score = 96
26.
98 + 98 + 98 96 + 95 96 + 94 96 + x + 95 + + + 3 2 2 2 = 5
22.
98 + 95 + 95.5 + 95 + y = 96 5 = 480 96 + x Here y = 2 y = 480 383.5 = 96.5 96 + x = 2 96.5 or x = 97. (1) Old SS New SS Score Addn .
4.5 = 0. 9 5 4.5 = 0. 9 5 11 = 2. 2 5 10 .5 = 2.1 5
27.
New Score 95.9 95.2
J A
95.5 95.5
100 100
95 94.3
P T
89 89.5
100 100
93.9 93.7
96.1 95.8 28.
So the order is P > J > T >A. 23. (5) Score Inc. Imp. Old New Imp. in Score Score Score R Maths 3 3/5 = 0.6 96.1 96.7 Ag Ver. 18/2 = 9 9/5 = 1.8 94.3 96.1 P SS 17/2 = 8.5 8.5/5 = 1.7 93.9 95.6 Ay Geo. 7/2 = 3.5 3.5/5 = 0.7 96.2 96.9 D Maths 5 5/5 = 1 96.0 97 Note : The score is improved in a subject which maximises the final score. Remember the scores of individual groups are averaged. So the topper is Dipan. (1) From the table, among the boys (7 in the table marked by B), its only Dipan who has scored atleast 95 in at least one paper from each of the groups. Ram, Sanjiv, Joseph, Agni, Pritam could not do so in Vernacular group. Sagnik could not do so in English group. (4) As per the given condition, the students eligible for the prize is only Dipan; Rest of the nine student fail to quality the cut-off of 95 in one or the other group.
24.
25.
29.
(5) The first statement is a judgement, it uses the modal should which has a judgemental, dogmatic use. The statement shows an opinion on the erroneous belief and, thus, is a judgement made by the writer. This eliminates option (4). The second statement is a fact. It gives us a piece of information, statistics, figures, plain verifiable truth. Infact, the statement begins with The truth is that and continues to give figures on days needed to start a small business. Thus, option (3) is eliminated. The third statement is not a fact, it does not give information but an opinion, it is a judgement. It is neither a verifiable truth nor a conclusion drawn from other statements but an opinion, thus, the third statement is a judgement. So, we have only to choose between (2) and (5). The last statement is an inference as it is a conclusion drawn from facts. Contact with official and money changing hands are known truths about Red tapeism on basis of which this conclusion is drawn. Thus, (5) is the right answer. (3) The first statement is an inference, a conclusion drawn from the given statements. The given information is mentioned in the statement - the poor quality of service in public sector and the conclusion drawn, thus, is HIV/ AIDS affected should be switching to private initiatives. The second statement is a fact, its a verifiable truth stating statistics and figures about the time since free drugs have been supplied by the government, number of benefitted people etc. The third statement is an inference statement, a conclusion based on given facts. The facts in the statement being recent initiatives of networks and companies like AIDS Care Network... and the conclusion drawn from this is that it would lead to availability of much needed drugs..... The fourth statement is a clear judgement. This statement gives the opinion of the author i.e. the shortage of drugs in India is Ironic. So, the right answer will be (3). (1) The first statement is an inference, it uses the phrase According to all statistical indication, thus, it is a conclusion drawn from the statistical information mentioned in the sentence. The second statement, also, is an inference, use of the word. Thus shows it is a conclusion. The first part of the statement is a given fact while the second part is the drawn conclusion, so, the statement is an inference. The third statement is a fact, it states figures, statistics and gives plain, true information. The fourth statement is a judgement. It is not a fact for it does not give verifiable information. It can be confused as an inference but one should keep in mind that the statement is not a conclusion drawn from given facts but a personal opinion of the writer. The writer believes that the goal of universalisation of elementary education should be evolution and development of the country. Thus, it is a judgement. Thus, the correct answer is (1). (2) The first statement is a judgement, it is not a conclusion derived from objective, known facts but an opinion of the author. The second statement is an inference because it is based on some previously known facts we know,
16
30.
(4)
31.
(3)
32.
(1)
33.
(3)
34.
(4)
conflicts continue to trouble us even without war and the conclusion drawn from this is that they change in character. So, this statement is an inference. The third statement is a judgement. There is no fact stated on basis of which the conclusion is drawn, rather it is simply a personal opinion and not an objective truth. The fourth statement is a fact which gives verifiable information, figures or statistics. Thus, the right answer is (2). The first statement is a judgement though it might appear as an inference on first reading but it is an opinion not a conclusion. A subjective statement is always a judgement while an objective statement can either be a fact or an inference. The second statement is also a judgement. It is a personal opinion, you may or may not agree with this opinion, thus, it is a judgement. The third statement is also a judge, this too an opinion of the writer and not an objective statement. The fourth statement is also a judgement, it is an authors opinion that doing what you love makes each moment a celebration. So, all the four statements are judgements. Thus, answer is (4). Third paragraph of the passage discusses the relationship between dogmatic beliefs and critical attitude in the content of science. The last line of the paragraph states that critical attitude needs, as its raw material, dogmatic beliefs. This interaction is best described by the option (3). While (2) also appears as a probable answer but chisel although helps in formation of a sculpture but it is not a raw material. Thus, the most appropriate answer will be (3). The third and fourth paragraphs are relevant for the question. According to these two paragraphs dogmatic attitude is the raw material or starting point for scientific research. Thus, dogmatic attitude has an important place in science. It is neither inferior to critical attitude as critical attitude is reached at through dogmatic beliefs, nor is it negative, since they are very significant in scientific development. So, the choice is to be made between (1) and (2). It is not necessary that all conjectures arising out of our dogmatic attitude becomes science, whereas, it is true that through criticism of dogmatic attitudes, the initial hypothesis are made. The comparison between the primitives and children has been done in the context of dogmatic behaviour which, in turn, is related to critical attitude and not education, innocence, evolution or civilization. Dogmatic attitude precedes critical attitude i.e. in absence of critical attitude, we are certain to find dogmatic attitude. Thus, the most appropriate reason for comparison between a child and primitives is lack of critical attitude in both. Thus, the answer is (3). The second paragraph of the passage is relevant for this question. The passage clarifies that dogmatic attitude leads to a stronger belief as compared to critical attitude. Critical attitude 'admits doubt and demands tests' and therefore lacks the conviction one can find in dogmatic attitude and which is important for strong belief. (4) and (5) both appear as possible answers but (4) is a more
35.
(3)
36.
(2)
37.
(2)
38.
(4)
39.
(3)
40.
(1)
41.
(5)
appropriate explanation as it supports the statement in the question by linked reasoning. The third paragraph states that dogmatic attitude is clearly related to the tendency to verify our laws and schemata by seeking to apply them and confirm them..., whereas critical attitude is one of readiness to change them, to refute them..... Further, in the paragraph critical attitude has been called scientific and dogmatic attitude the pseudo scientific. Thus, it is clear that the real difference between scientific and pseudo scientific as given by the paragraph is best stated in (3). The apprehensions of Lindblad that different element of communist ideology such as equality or social justice still seduce many is indirectly accepted by the author as in the last paragraph he mentions the resistance of the Muslim world and Latin America against New Imperialism and the growing demand for social justice. The correct answer, therefore, is (2). The author gives the opinion of a conservative European MP. The renewed attack on communism is being made because the now existing ideology of global capitalism can be idealised only through an attack on communism. Though (1) might also appear as a correct alternative but (2) states the reason most appropriately. The reason to cite the atrocities committed by European colonial region is to neutralise the argument of Lindblad against communism on the ground of violence perprated in communist regimes. His intention is not to compare atrocities but to neutralise the attack on communism and prove that colonial atrocities were more than communist violence. Thus, the most appropriate answer will be (4). The author compares Nazism with colonialism rather than communism in the fourth paragraph of the passage. Towards the end of the paragraph, the author states that many ideas coined by the German colonial regime were later inherited by the Nazi party. Thus, (3) is the right answer. Even the first option is correct factually but it is not the reason given by the author and so is not the most appropriate answer. Option (1) is correct as the council of Europe is dominated by strong European countries that were previously colonial powers. Option (2) also seems a reason for silence of council of Europe as it is condemning communist ideology and seeks support in the same. Option (3) does not seem as a compelling reason as nothing of the allies is mentioned in the passage. Option (4) and (5) are clearly indicated in the passage. Thus, the correct answer will be (3). The central theme of the passage is to define and explain what a just society, based on original position, will be like According to the passage, the just society will be fair, wherein, justice will not be influenced by class, position, social status of a person. This is best described in the option (5). Although even the first four options appear correct only (5) includes all the points and correct language.
17
AIETS
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
(1) The original position as mentioned in the second paragraph is a hypothetical situation where everybody is unaware of their privileges, positions, status etc. But this is in order to ensure that justice is received without any influence from these categories. So, while option (2) also appears correct the most appropriate answer is (1) as it states both the situation and the consequence. (4) Choosing principle of justice behind a veil of ignorance means while choosing the principles one must not be aware of ones class, status, intelligence, strength, assets, abilities etc. Businessmen, school children, even potential immigrants will be aware of at least one of these things and, thus, a hierarchy will be build, thus, the only correct possibility is that of the new birth where one is completely ignorant of what is to come. So, the right answer is (4). (2) According to the passage, social institutions and laws can be fair only if they are consistent with the principles of justice as initially agreed upon. This could be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage. Thus, the correct answer is (2). (4) In the first paragraph of the passage the author states that by justice as fairness, he means that principles of justice of the basic structures\ society are the objects of original agreement and these principles are to, further, regulate all agreements of the given options in this questions, the basic structure is that of education which must be provided in all fairness. So, the correct answer is (4). (4) The paragraph has exploitation of opportunity and its relation with age as the central issue. The appropriate ending would, therefore, be one that draws conclusion on the same relationship. (1) does not talk of age and opportunity, neither does (2), so, these can be eliminated. The last line of the passage states that the willingness to bear risks declines in old age and the opportunity cost rises. This suggests that at an advanced age, people are reluctant to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities as they involve high risk. So, the correct answer will be (4). (3) The last lines of the passage are a suggestion made by the speaker to an art director. The suggestion is based on a research. Hence, the most appropriate ending will be (3). There may be some confusion between (1) and (3) but the speakers statement should not be seen as a guidance but merely a suggestion. (3) The comparison is being made between a map and a theory. A good map throws away a huge amount of much less valuable information due to the concerns of representation. Thus, a good theory must as well balance detail and feasibility of representation. So the correct answer is (3). (2) The most appropriate ending will be (2) because the paragraph builds from the beginning the oppositions between the apparent and real truth. While the rest of the endings also say the same thing. They do so with the referent Nation which is not used in the passage. The passage is a general speculation or opinion and, thus, the conclusion must also take an objective tone.
50.
(5) is the most appropriate ending. The paragraph mentions the following as the lacking of the Factory-dealercustomer relations. (a) lack of long term commitment (b) maximizing of feeling of mistrust. (c) holding back of information both by dealer and customer. The result of all this will be a loss for everyone in the long run. (1)
51.
4 n 5 3 t 3 = ; t 4 = ; t5 = 6 n+2 7 5 Thus, t3 t 4 t 5 ......... t 53
tn =
3 4 5 6 51 52 53 ....... 5 6 7 8 53 54 55
= 52.
34 2 = 54 55 495
(5) Total area of four walls of a room = 2h (l + b) Let the height of the room be x. The breadth = 2x and length = 3x
2 Area (1) = 2 x( 2x + 3x ) = 10x
Area (2) = 2 53.
x 2x + 3x 2 = 7x 2 2 2
Area of 4 walls decreases by 30%. (2) Putting the value of x = 0.5 in all the options. 1 (1) 21 / 0.5 = 2 2 = 4
(3) (2)
1 = 2 0.5
1 ( 0. 5)
2
=4
1 (4) 20.5 = 2
(5)
1 ( 0.5)
= 2
54.
So, clearly (2) is smallest. (2) In this question it is advisable to raise all the numbers to the power of 12, so the numbers become,
( 21 / 2 )12 , ( 31 / 3 ) 12 , ( 41 / 4 )12, ( 61 / 6 ) 12 , (121 /12 )12

or 2 6 , 34 , 43 , 62 , 12 or 64, 81, 64, 36, 12 So, (2) is the largest. Let the free luggage be s kg and excess luggage possessed by Raja and Praja be r and p kg respectively. ............ (1) 2s + r + p = 60 Again let the change for excess luggage be Rs x/kg. ............ (2) For Raja, rx = 1200 and for Praja, px = 2400 ............ (3)
55-56.
px 2400 p 2 = = ............ (4) rx 1200 r 1 If the entire luggage belongs to one only, then only s will be the free luggage and s + r + p will be the change luggage
or
18
(s + r + p)x = 5400 or (s + 3r)x = 5400 Dividing (5) by (2),
............. (5)
yx > 1 or y x > y + x y+x
(s + 3r ) x 5400 9 = = r 1200 2
.............. (6) 61.
s 9 s 3 +3= = r 2 r 2 Using in (1),

2s +
Case 1 : y > 0, x > x or x < 0 Case 2 : y < 0, x < x or x > 0 This is clearly matched with option 4. (3) Barun starts 2 hours after Arun in which he covers 30 2 = 60 km Barun catches up with Arun in
55. 56. 57.
2 22 s+ s = 60 3 3 12s = 60 3 or s = 15 kg Again 2 15 + 3r = 60 r = 10 kg and p = 20 kg (4) Prajas luggage = s + p = 15 + 20 = 35 kg (4) Free luggage = s = 15 kg. (5) This problem can be easily solved by adding the Denominator and Numerator of all the ratios and checking whether it is prime or not. [Note : Ratios are such that any of its integral multiples will not be < 300] (1) 189, is divisible by 3. (2) 187, is divisible by 11. (3) 221, is divisible by 17. (4) 183, is divisible by 3. (5) 181, is prime.
(5)
60 = 6 hours, i.e. 8 40 30
hours from Aruns start. Distance traveled by Arun = 8 30 = 240 hours Further Kiranmala will cover this 240 km in hours. So, it shall start 4 hours after Arun starts. 62. (1)
240 =4 60
x2 / 3 + x 1/3 2 0
1/ 3 = y or x = y 3 y 2 + y 2 0 Put x
or y2 + 2 y y 2 0 or ( y 1)( y + 2) 0 or ( 2) 3 x 13 or Method I
2 y 1
8 x 1
63-64.
58.
log y x = a. log z y = b. log x z = ab
Shaded 1
a log z y = ab or log z y = b
or y = z b .............. (1)
F Shaded 2 O A
and b log x z = ab or log x z = a or z = x a ............. (2)
log y x = ab x = y ab .............. (3)

x=y
ab =
(z )
b ab
= (x )
a bab
=x
a2b 2
59.
or a 2 b 2 = 1 ............. (4) Putting the options in condition 4, we see that it is not satisfied only when a = 2and b = 2. (2) Let one of the nos. be 10x + y Reversing the digits it become 10y + x. As per question. 10y + x (10x + y) = 18 9(y x) = 18 or y x = 2 So it will be possible in all the cases where the difference between the two digits = 2. So the nos. are 13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, 79. Hence the no. of such two-digit numbers apart from 13 is 6.
In FAE , FAE = 90 as it is an angle of a square. Further EF will be the diameter of the circle as an angle subtended by a diameter on the circumference of a circle = 90. So, EF will pass through the centre O. In FOA and AOE OF = OE (radius of circle) AO = AO (common) FAO = EAO (45) So FOA ~ AOE AF = AE Area of AFE =
1 1 bh = AF 2 2 2
AF 2 + AE2 = FE 2 = 2 2 = 4 (Pythagorus theorem)

or AF 2 = 2 Area of AFE = Area of shaded region 2 =
60.
dy (4) It is clear from the graph that the slope = tan is dx greater than 1 as the angle made by the line with the y + x axes is more than 45.
1 2 =1 2
12 2 r 2 1 = 1 = 2 2 2
19
AIETS
Area of the white portion of circle
2 ( 2) + 2 = = = r 2 2 2
2
66.
(1)
a 1 = for a = 1, b = 3 b 3 b 2 3 = for b = 3, c = c 1 2 c 1 3 = for c = , d = 3 d 2 2 d 3 = for d = 3, e = 1 e 1
+ 2 6 Area of shaded region 1 = 2 = 2 2 Hence required proportion of the sheet

2
6 2 = 6 = 4 8 Alternatively, Method II
D x O A
e 1 = for e = 1, f = 4 f 4
abc 1 3 3 / 2 3 = = def 3 1 4 8 (4) This is an AP problem with common difference, d = 3
F 2
G y E B
67.
n ( 2a + ( n 1) d) = 630 2 or 2an + n(n 1)( 3) = 630 2 = 1260

Sum of AP = or 2 an 3n 2 + 3n = 1260
Complete the square AEGF. Note 2 diagonals of a square make angles of 90 with each other. The area of the shaded region 2 can also found by: 2.(Area of sector AOE Area of AOE )
r 2 1 = 2. 1 1 4 2
[AO = OE = radius = 1]
1 2 = 2. = 2 4 2 Again, area of region 1 = Area of square ABCD Area of square AEGF Area of region 2. [Note : Area of region 2 = Area of region x + region y] 2 Area (region 1) = 2 2 2 2
[Note : Area of square AEGF = AE 2 Further AE 2 + GE 2 = 2 2 = 2AE 2 or AE 2 = 2 ] 68. (5)
1260 n The number of rows is nothing but the no. of terms, n of the AP Now using all the options given, we find that (1) For n = 3, a becomes 213 and the AP is 213, 210, 207. (2) For n = 4, a = 162 and the AP is 162, 159, 156, 153 (3) For n = 5, a = 132, and the AP is 132, 129, 126, 123, 120. (4) For n = 6, a = 117.5 which is not possible (5) For n = 7, a = 99 and the AP is 99, 96, 93, 90, 87, 84, 81.
or 2a 3n + 3 =
7 x 10 2 5 y 34
= 23.21 / 2. 31 / 2 .33
7x
5y
2 6 or Area (region 1) = 2 = 2 2
(6 ) / 2 6 = 4 8 (2) 64. (4) (4) We know, the last term,
Required proportion =
2 10 .3 4 = 2 2.3 2 Equating the powers of 2 and 3

5 5 7 7 y= or y = 2 x = or x = 5 and 4 2 10 2 Using x = 5 and y = 2 in equation 2
63. 65.
4 0.35.9 0.22 = 2 3. 34 / 5
69.
l = a + (n 1)d Here, l = 1000 , a = 1, n 3 1000 = 1+ (n 1)d or 999 = (n 1)d An AP with the sets of the set S will only be possible only when 999 will be divisible by (n 1) where n 3 . So we need to find the factors of 999, which are 3, 9, 27, 37, 111, 333, 999. An AP is possible for all the 7 above factors of 999 with n = 4, 10, 28, 38, 112, 334 and 1000 elements.
2 3.3 0.8 = 2 3. 3 0.8 ; Hence correct (2) Putting the given information in the form of a venn Diagram.
J 33 5 7 3 18 8 2 S
20
n ( J A S) = 100 24 = 76 n (S J ) = 8 ; n(only S) = 18 6 184 47 8 n n(S but not A) = 23 = n (only S) + n (S) 4 (S A) 14 244 3

5
72.
(2) 2x + y = 40; x y ; x, y + I This problem can be solved by putting various values for x and y. Starting from x = 1. The above equation can be solved till x = 13. At x = 13, y = 14 which is > x. But above this value of x, it becomes greater than y so the condition x y is violated. (1) Task 1 can not be assigned to 1 or 2 i.e. there are 4 options. Task 2 can be assigned to 3 or 4 So, there are only 2 options for task 2. So required no. of ways = 2 options for task 2 3 options for task 1 4 options for task 3 3 options for task 4 2 options for task 5 1 option for task 6. = 2 3 4 3 2 1 = 144 (3) Let the first number be 10 x + y. So the other numbers would be 10 x + y + 2, 10x + y + 4, 10x + y + 6 Sum = 40x + 4y + 12 This is divisible by 10 or X =
n(S A J) = n(S J) 5= 8 5= 3
To find the people who have read exactly 2 consecutive issues (out of 3) we shall find the people reading J & A and A & S. Hence required no. = 7 + 2 = 9. 70. (5) D 73.
a 60 a
C
74.
a P a 60 B
40x + 4y + 12 4y + 12 = 4x + 10 10
PBA = ABC PBC = 90 60 = 30 Further in ABP

PB = AB = a PBA = BAP Further 2( BPA ) + PBA = 180
It means 4y + 12 has to be divisible by 10 and y is odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9). This condition can be fulfilled by 7 only. So the numbers become = 10x + 7, 10x + 9, 10x + 11, 10x + 13. Now using the options and finding whether the sum divided by 5 is a perfect square or not. For (1), the nos. are 17, 19, 21, 23
2BPA = 180 30 = 150

or BPA = 75 = BAP Similarly PAD = 90 PAB = 90 75 = 15 Again in right angled APE,
17 + 19 + 21 + 23 = 8 not a perfect square. 10
EPA = 90 PAE = 90 15 = 75 Similarly we can calculate that DPE = 75 DPA = 75 + 75 = 150

71. (2)
(2), can not be the no. as none of the 4 nos. have 5 as last digit. For (3), the nos. are 37, 39, 41, 43
37 + 39 + 41 + 43 = 16 = 42 10 67 + 69 + 71 + 73 = 28 10
For (4) the nos. are 67, 69, 71, 73
D 6 R B
75.
A 2 CR-2 O
In DCO , using Pythagorus theorem
R 2 = (R 2) 2 + 62 R 2 = R 2 4 R + 4 + 36 or 4R = 40 R = 10 cm
2 Area of semi-circle = R 2
For (5), the nos. are same as for (4) (5) f(x) = max (2x + 1, 3 4x) The minimum possible value in this case will be when 2x + 1 = 3 4x. The reason for this is that the max function will only take the higher value out of 2x + 1 and 3 4x. So for minimum value of f(x) 2x + 1 = 3 4x At x = or
x=
1 3
1 2 2 = 10 = 50 cm 2
21
1 1 5 , f ( x) = 2 + 1 = 3 3 3

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