CWRS SYLFAENOL CEREDIGION A GOGLEDD PENFRO

A Basic Course for Welsh Learners

Adran Addysg Barhaus Prifysgol Cymru, Abertawe Ysgol Addysg a Dysgu Gydol Oes, Prifysgol Cymru, Aberystwyth

Ysgol y Gymraeg, Coleg y Drindod, Caerfyrddin

DIOLCHIADAU
Hoffwn ddiolch o galon i bawb a gyfrannodd at y cwrs gwreiddiol, sef Aled Davies, Mark Stonelake, Steve Morris, ac yn enwedig Emyr Davies. Yn ogystal, hoffwn ddiolch i Haf ap Robert am hwylusor gwaith addasu. I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the original course - Aled Davies, Mark Stonelake, Steve Morris, and especially Emyr Davies. I would also like to thank Haf ap Robert for helping with the adaptation. Phylip Brake Gorffennaf / July 2005

CYNNWYS SUT MAER CWRS YN GWEITHIO SUT I OROESI SUT I YNGANU PETHAU DEFNYDDIOL Uned Un Cyfarch / ffarwelio a dod i nabod pawb Uned Dau Siarad am ble dych chin byw a gweithio Uned Tri Trafod ble dych chin mynd Dw in mynd i Uned Pedwar Dweud ble aethoch chi a beth wnaethoch chi Es i ... Uned Pump Yn y gorffennol Bwytes i swper Uned Chwech Beth gawsoch chi i yfed a bwyta Ces i Uned Saith Siarad am y tywydd Mae hin braf SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Wyth Mynegi meddiant Mae ... da fi Uned Naw Hoffi a moyn pethau Dw in lico / hoffi

CONTENTS HOW THE COURSE WORKS HITCH-HIKERS GUIDE TO LEARNING WELSH PRONUNCIATION GUIDE USEFUL LISTS Unit 1 Greetings / goodbyes and getting to know the class Unit 2 Talking about where you live and work Unit 3 Discussing going places Im going to Unit 4 Saying where you went and what you did I went Unit 5 In the past I ate supper Unit 6 Saying what you had to eat and drink I had Unit 7 Talking about the weather Its fine REVISION SESSION Unit 8 Owning / having something Ive got Unit 9 Liking and wanting things I like

Uned Deg Pwy sy biau beth fy nghar i, dy gar di, ei gar e ... Uned Un Deg Un (Un ar Ddeg) Siarad am y teulu ac oed Mae en dair oed Uned Deuddeg Trafod afiechyd Mae pen tost da fi Uned Un Deg Tri Dweud ble roch chin byw, a beth roch chin arfer ei wneud Ron in byw yn Uned Un Deg Pedwar Trafod amser Mae hin dri or gloch SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Un Deg Pump (Pymtheg) Siarad am ni a nhw a bod yna Dyn nin barod Uned Un Deg Chwech Siarad ar y ffn Ffred syn siarad Uned Un Deg Saith Trafod beth dych chi wedi ei wneud Dw i wedi gweld y ffilm Uned Un Deg Wyth Gwneud y coffi Rhagor o goffi Uned Un Deg Naw Siarad am y cwrs Ers pryd dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? Uned Dau Ddeg (Ugain) Teithio a chyrraedd y dosbarth Des i yn y car Uned Dau Ddeg Un Dweud bod rhaid i chi wneud pethau Rhaid i fi fynd SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Dau Ddeg Dau Cyn ac ar l Cyn i fi fynd Uned Dau Ddeg Tri Disgrifio rhywun Mae en dew

Unit 10 Who owns what My car, your car, his car Unit 11 Talking about the family and ages Hes three years old Unit 12 Discussing illness Ive got a headache Unit 13 Saying where you used to live, and what you used to do I used to live in Unit 14 Discussing time Its three oclock REVISION SESSION Unit 15 Talking about us and them and being there Were ready Unit 16 Talking on the telephone Fred speaking Unit 17 Discussing what you have done Ive seen the film Unit 18 Making coffee More coffee Unit 19 Talking about the course Since when have you been learning Welsh? Unit 20 Travelling and coming to class I came in the car Unit 21 Saying you must do things I must go REVISION SESSION Unit 22 Before and after Before I go / went Unit 23 Describing someone Hes fat

Uned Dau Ddeg Pedwar Gofyn i rywun wneud rhywbeth a

Unit 24 Asking and telling someone to do something 4

gorchymyn Wnei di ..? Uned Dau Ddeg Pump Cwyno am rywbeth Mae en rhy swnllyd Uned Dau Ddeg Chwech Gofyn caniatd Ga i ..? Uned Dau Ddeg Saith Faint a sawl? Faint o blant sy da chi? Uned Dau Ddeg Wyth Yn y dyfodol Helpa i chi SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Dau Ddeg Naw Yn y dyfodol eto! Bydda i Uned Tri Deg Defnyddio sy Ffred syn glanhaur t Uned Tri Deg Un Dweud ble ewch chi A i Uned Tri Deg Dau Mynegi barn Dw in meddwl bod Uned Tri Deg Tri Defnyddio bod Gobeithio ei fod en mynd Uned Tri Deg Pedwar Dweud ble gawsoch chi eich geni ach magu Ces i ngeni yn Uned Tri Deg Pump Adrodd newyddion Cafodd y dyn ei ladd SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Tri Deg Chwech Dweud bod yn well da chi ach hoff bethau Maen well da fi Uned Tri Deg Saith Dweud beth fyddech chin ei wneud Byddwn in Uned Tri Deg Wyth Dweud beth fyddech chin ei wneud se ... Byddwn in mynd se hin braf Uned Tri Deg Naw Diddordebau pobol Dw i wrth fy modd yn ...

Will you ..? Unit 25 Complaining about something Its too noisy Unit 26 Asking permission May I ..? Unit 27 How much and how many? How many children have you got? Unit 28 In the future Ill help you REVISION SESSION Unit 29 In the future again! I will be Unit 30 Using sy - which is / are Freds cleaning / cleans the house Unit 31 Saying where you will go I will go Unit 32 Expressing an opinion I think that Unit 33 Using bod the that clause I hope that hes going Unit 34 Saying where you were born and brought up I was born in Unit 35 Reporting news The man was killed REVISION SESSION Unit 36 Expressing a preference and favourite things I prefer Unit 37 Saying what you would do I would Unit 38 Saying what you would do if ... Id go if it were fine Unit 39 Peoples interests Im in my element ... 5

Uned Pedwar Deg Trafod beth ddylech chi ei wneud Dylwn i ... Uned Pedwar Deg Un Dweud beth hoffech chi ei wneud Hoffwn i ... Uned Pedwar Deg Dau Adrodd yn l a defnyddio o Mae dau ohonyn nhwn hoffi cyri SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Pedwar Deg Tri Trafod iechyd eto Dw in well o lawer Uned Pedwar Deg Pedwar Clebran Maen nhwn dweud bod ... Uned Pedwar Deg Pump Trafod maint, pellter ac ati Pa mor bell yw hi? Uned Pedwar Deg Chwech Cymharu Mae en dalach na hi Uned Pedwar Deg Saith Y radd eithaf Fi ywr gorau / gwaetha Uned Pedwar Deg Wyth Cydymdeimlo Roedd hin flin da fi glywed ... Uned Pedwar Deg Naw7 Llongyfarch Llongyfarchiadau ar ... SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Pum Deg Dweud y drefn Dw i wedi dweud wrthat ti unwaith Uned Pum Deg Un Rhoi cyfarwyddiadau Cerwch yn syth ymlaen Uned Pum Deg Dau Disgrifio lle Mae hin ardal wledig Uned Pum Deg Tri Disgrifio rhywbeth Mae e wedi ei wneud o ... Uned Pum Deg Pedwar Amau Ron in meddwl taw ... Uned Pum Deg Pump

Unit 40 Discussing what you ought to do I ought to ... Unit 41 Saying what you would like to do Id like to ... Unit 42 Reporting back and using of ... Two of them like curry REVISION UNIT Unit 43 Discussing health again Im much better Unit 44 Gossip They say that ... Unit 45 Discussing size, distance, etc. How far is it? Unit 46 Comparing Hes taller than her Unit 47 The superlative Im the best / worst Unit 48 Offering sympathy I was sorry to hear ... Unit 49 Congratulating Congratulations on ... REVISION SESSION Unit 50 Telling off Ive told you once Unit 51 Giving directions Go straight ahead Unit 52 Describing a place Its a rural area Unit 53 Describing an object Its made of ... Unit 54 Doubting I thought that ... Unit 55 6

Trafod dyddiadau Yr unfed ar bymtheg ac ati Uned Pum Deg Chwech Trafod newyddion Lladdwyd y dyn SESIWN ADOLYGU Uned Pum Deg Saith Mynegi dyled Mae arna i bunt i chi Uned Pum Deg Wyth Cyhuddo Arnat ti maer bai Uned Pum Deg Naw Gwadu a derbyn bai Ddim arna i maer bai Uned Chwe Deg Mynegi meddiant Fi sy biau hwnna Uned Chwe Deg Un Estyn a derbyn gwahoddiad Ddewch chi draw nos Wener? Uned Chwe Deg Dau Hebrwng Do i gyda chi Uned Chwe Deg Tri Dweud beth dych chi i fod iw wneud Mae e i fod i adael SESIWN ADOLYGU

Discussing dates The sixteenth, etc. Unit 56 Discussing news The man was killed REVISION SESSION Unit 57 Expressing debt I owe you a pound Unit 58 Accusing Its your fault Unit 59 Denying and accepting blame Its not my fault Unit 60 Expressing possession Thats mine Unit 61 Extending and accepting an invitation Will you come over on Friday night? Unit 62 Escorting someone Ill come with you Unit 63 Saying what youre supposed to do Hes supposed to leave REVISION SESSION

HOW THE COURSE WORKS The course is divided into 72 units, including a revision session after every 7 units. Each unit contains approximately two hours of work, involving revision of the previous lesson and introducing new language. You will also receive handouts from your tutor during the course, and it is suggested that you slot them between the course units in a ring-binder file. The units are designed to enable learners to do things in Welsh and use the language to communicate, e.g. greeting people, saying what you did, congratulating someone, and so on. Each unit also focuses on particular structures or grammar points, which are clarified in the Pwyntiau iw Cofio (Points to Remember) section. There is Gwaith Cartre (homework) with each unit, (which you should try to do without looking at the unit itself), but this is simply to reinforce the oral work, and shouldnt be too time-consuming. 7

Introducing new language during the second half of a lesson will involve oral practice, i.e. getting your tongue around and trying to memorise short phrases. You will also get a chance to practise in pairs, with the person sitting next to you, which is also the best time to ask the tutor any questions. Remember not to sit next to the same people all the time. During this part of the lesson, you should not have the course book in front of you try not to depend on the written version. There is also a dialogue which you will be practising in twos, parts of which you can often change or substitute. Revision activities vary from unit to unit. Be prepared to use what youve just learnt in activities, language games, questionnaires, pair / group, etc.. The revision sessions are very important not only do they give you a chance to catch up, but an opportunity to use everything youve learnt and even try out on native speakers. Doing the course or following the book is not an end in itself, but a means to get you using Welsh in and out of the class. It is also flexible: if you need a particular word, phrase, or want to be able to discuss a particular topic, ask the tutor. One other thing POB LWC! HITCH-HIKERS GUIDE TO LEARNING WELSH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Dont panic! Expect to participate and play games and in Welsh. Try not to ask questions about grammar using the language is far more important than knowing about it. Dont write during oral / aural practice concentrate on imitating the tutor like a parot! As time goes by the tutor will use more and more Welsh and less and less English. Remember Point 1: Dont panic! Remembering. Some people can remember things quickly, some people cant. A good tip is to try linking a pattern or phrase to something you already know e.g. Bues i ... (I was ...): think of Mad Cows Disease, B.S.E.. Also useful for remembering mutations, e.g. Think of Llanelli losing (Ll ... l). Frustrations. All second language learners experience frustrating periods where it appears they are making no progress at all. Dont lose heart, and definitely: dont panic! Dont expect too much too soon. Having mustered enough courage to talk to a native, you will probably face a completely incomprehensible torrent. Again: dont panic!. How to really please your tutor: (i) speak Welsh to each other, (ii) speak Welsh to other people.

7.

8. 9.

10. Dialect. The tutor will be enabling you to communicate with the locals, and therefore, will teach you local words and phrases. So, be prepared for slight variations to some vocabulary items presented in the course book. 11 Treigladau (Mutations). Otherwise known as mutilations. Learners find these strange at first, but they are not difficult if you learn from examples: ei (his) + tad (father) = ei dad (his father). 12. English words in Welsh. Because of the worldwide dominance of English, Welsh speakers, like French and German speakers, do tend to use English words and phrases in the middle of perfectly good Welsh sentences. Remember that English itself is full of foreign words even egg is Scandinavian in origin. 13. Homework. This is usually given to reinforce aural / oral work. Getting it all right does not receive half as many brownie points as Point 8 above. 14. Thats not what we did in school ... You will be learning colloquial Welsh, not the Rydw i / Dydw i stuff they ought not to teach in schools.

15. Look after your fellow victims: if someones absent, ask the tutor for worksheets, or / and give them a ring it could avoid dropping out. Frustrations shared are often lessened. 16. Comprehension (listening or reading). You wont be in a position to understand everything in an authentic chunk of language for a long while. You will only be expected to pick out bits you can understand in order to answer questions. Ignore the unintelligible bits. 17. Absenteeism. Nothing compounds frustration and the feeling of being left behind more than missing classes. However, this is no reason to drop out patterns are always revised thoroughly throughout the course. 18. Finding someone to practise with (or on?). Spouses, children and neighbours do have their uses the family pet often makes a sympathetic listener. 19. Dont stake your claim to a particular chair in the classroom. Move around every lesson to make sure that you have a different partner each time. 20. Different tutors have different teaching styles. Be prepared for this. Have sympathy as well the tutor may be just as exhausted as you are. 21. You will be given an opportunity to give some feedback every now and then. This is not an opportunity to vilify your tutors, but a means to make a constructive suggestions about what you did or didnt find useful and to air any problems you may have. 22. Essentially, the tutor cant teach you anything only facilitate the learning process achievement is directly linked to the commitment and application of the individual learner, especially how much he or she uses Welsh outside the classroom walls. SURVIVAL WELSH
Things your tutor might say to you: Pawb! Dewch i mewn! Eisteddwch! Dim problem! Ydych chin deall? Popeth yn iawn Mae hin amser coffi Gwela i chi yr wythnos nesa Ble maer gwaith cartre? Peidiwch poeni! Edrychwch ar dudalen wyth Sa in deall / Dw i ddim yn deall Dw in dysgu Cymraeg Beth yw ... yn Gymraeg? Yn araf, os gwelwch chin dda Faint ywr gin? Oes treiglad yma? Wnewch chi fynd dros hyn eto? Maen flin da fi mod in hwyr Sa in gallu dod nos Fercher Esgusodwch fi! Sut dych chin sillafu ..? Help! Beth ywr gwahaniaeth rhwng ... a ..? Everybody! Come in! Sit down! No problem! Do you understand? Everything OK Its coffee time See you next week Where is the homework? Dont worry! Look at page eight I dont understand Im learning Welsh What is ... in Welsh? Slowly, please How much is the gin? Is there a mutation here? Will you go over this again? Im sorry Im late I cant come on Wednesday night Excuse me! How do you spell ..? Help! Whats the difference between and ..?

A few useful phrases which may help you from going totally blank inside and outside the classroom:

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE Yr Wyddor The Alphabet (for those who are familiar with the International Phonetics Alphabet, the phonetic values are shown between forward slashes) a b c ch d dd 9 e f ff g

 or ng ph

h r

i or rh

j s

l t

ll th

o r m u or

n w or

o or y

a e i o u w y

Vowels can be short or long; w and y count as vowels. mam , tad pen , hen pin , ffin toc , do pump , llun (never an oo sound) mwd , dr llyn , dyn

The letter y has two sounds: In words of one syllable, it is a long or short ee sound, e.g. llyn , dyn , gwyn . , sy (exceptions: y , yr , fy , dy , yn ) In longer words, if it comes before the last syllable it has an uh / / sound, and in the last syllable, has a short ee / / sound, e.g. mynydd , ynysoedd .

ae

Vowels with a to bach or a circumflex - ^ - are long, e.g. tn, gn, dr. Deuseiniaid - vowel combinations can be strange at first: - mae (but often pronounced a, e.g. llaeth gwaeth , in the South); in the last syllable, pronounced e, e.g. gwahaniaeth - gair / gwau (in the last syllable, pronounced e, e.g. cyfraith , pethau unless accented, e.g. casu, dramu) - cei / neu / teyrnas - tew - duw / lliw / yw - rhoi / cyffrous / troed (words of one syllable with oe are sometimes pronounced , e.g. ddoe , roedd , etc.. In the Cardigan area, and in Pembrokeshire, they are pronounced w, oer , coed , etc.) - trowch - trwyn / gwyn (can either be ooee or wi learn from examples)

ai / au

ei / eu / ey ew uw / iw / yw oi / ou / oe

ow wy

or

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Sometimes, w and i are only half vowels and very short, e.g. chwarae, cofio

Consonants are the same as English, but take note of the following:

ch dd

ff

ll

ph

rh

cath [always a hard c]

bach [as in Loch Lomond] ddoe [like the th in there]

haf [always a soft v sound]

Ffred [always a hard f sound]

Llanelli [a voiceless l]

ei phen hi [always a hard f sound]

ras [well rolled]

rhaid [a voiceless r]

Dont worry about what these words mean for now, they are just examples. Your tutor will do some work in the first session on pronouncing things, and help you if youre having trouble. You may find ll and rh difficult at first, but they become easier as time progresses. Listen to as much radio, television, or people speaking as you can, just to get used to the sounds of the language. USEFUL LISTS (to be learnt as soon as possible) Rhifau (Numbers) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 un dau tri pedwar pump chwech saith wyth naw deg un deg un un deg dau un deg tri un deg pedwar un deg pump un deg chwech un deg saith un deg wyth un deg naw dau ddeg Dyddiaur Wythnos (Days of the week) dydd Sul nos Sul dydd Llun nos Lun dydd Mawrth nos Fawrth dydd Mercher nos Fercher dydd Iau nos Iau dydd Gwener nos Wener dydd Sadwrn nos Sadwrn Sunday Sunday evening / night Monday Monday evening / night Tuesday Tuesday evening / night Wednesday Wednesday evening / night Thursday Thursday evening / night Friday Friday evening / night Saturday Saturday evening / night

These is the modern forms. There is another old way of counting in Welsh. 2, 3, and 4 also have feminine forms

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Treigladau (Mutations) Llythyren Letter p t c b d g ll m rh TM Soft b d g f dd l f r TT Nasal mh nh ngh m n ng TLl Aspirate ph th ch mis mis mis mis mis mis mis mis mis mis mis mis

Misoedd y Flwyddyn (Months of the year) Ionawr Chwefror Mawrth Ebrill Mai Mehefin Gorffennaf Awst Medi Hydref Tachwedd Rhagfyr January February March April May June July August September October November December

Byrfoddau (Abbreviations) (b) TM TT TLl if there is a (b) in the vocabulary list, it means that its a feminine noun. Otherwise take it for granted that its masculine. Treiglad Meddal Treiglad Trwynol Treiglad Llaes (Soft Mutation) (Nasal Mutation) (Aspirate Mutation)

These refer to the letter changes which sometimes occur at the beginning of words.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un / Unit 1 Cyfarch / Greeting *Sut mae? Bore da! Prynhawn da! Nosweth dda! *Sut dych chi? *Sut wyt ti?
Hiya! Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! How are you?

Iawn diolch Eitha da Wedi blino

Alright thanks Quite good Tired

Dod i nabod y dosbarth / Getting to know the class

Pwy ydych chi? Who are you? Ble dych chin byw? Where do you live? O ble dych chin dod yn wreiddiol? Ble mae Ffred yn byw? Where Ble mae Sandran byw? Ffred ydw i Im Ffred Dw in byw yn Llandysul I live in Dw in dod o Aberystwyth I come from Mae en byw yn ____________ He Mae hin byw yn ____________
Yes / No

does Ffred live?

lives in

Ydych chin byw yn Aberteifi?

Do you live in Cardigan?

Ydw / Nac ydw

F f re d yd w i

Ydych chin byw yn y dre? Ydych chin byw yn y wlad? Ydych chin byw ar bwys Llambed? Ffarwelio / Saying goodbye All the best! Pob hwyl! See you tomorrow! Gwela i chi yfory! Good night! Nos da!

Geirfa (Vocabulary)
gwlad (b) tre (b) gweithio slawer dydd o hyd llawn amser rhan amser dysgu Sut dych chi, slawer dydd? Iawn, diolch Ydych chin byw yn Aberaeron nawr? Nac ydw. Dw in byw yn Aberystwyth Ydych chin gweithio yn y banc o hyd? Nac ydw. Dw in dysgu Cymraeg llawn amser. Wel, pob lwc! pob lwc Cymraeg ar bwys Beth? Ble? enw byw yn wreiddiol o (TM) 13 country town to work for ages still full time part time to learn

Deialo g Sandr a: Ffred: Sandr a: Ffred: Sandr a: Ffred: Sandr a:

- best of luck - Welsh - near - What? - Where? - name - to live - originally - from

Pronounced like the English should Gwaith Cartre Uned 1

Gorffennwch / Finish: 1. Sut dych _________________? 2. Sut ______________ ti? 3. Pwy ______________ chi? 4. Dw in _____________ o Aberyswyth. 5. Dw in ________________ yn Llandysul. 6. Pob _______________. 7. Ydych chin gweithio yn y banc o ___________ ? 8. Ydych chin byw yn y dre? ________ () Answer yes when you see a and no when you see an C. Ydych chin byw yn Llandeilo? C. Ydych chin byw yn Llanelli? C. Ydych chin byw ar bwys Aberaeron? C. Ydych chin byw yn y wlad? C. Ydych chin gweithio yn y banc? C. Ydych chin gweithion llawn amser? Cyfieithwch / Translate: 1. He lives in town 2. Good evening! 3. From where do you come originally? 4. Where do you live? 5. See you tomorrow 6. Thanks

Nac ydw, dw in byw yn Abertawe.

_____________________________________ _____________________________________

_____________________________________
_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio / Points to remember: 1. When speaking, people often leave out the d in Dw i , Dyn ni ... and Dych chi 2. Use the ti patterns (= you) with a person you know well or a child. 3. Use ydw / nac ydw in response to questions beginning with Ydych chi ..? or Wyt ti ..? They are sometimes pronounced Odw and Na dw. 4. Here are the affirmative personal forms of the present tense of bod (to be) when they come at the beginning of a sentence: Dw i I am Dyn ni We are

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Rwyt ti Mae e Mae hi

You are (familiar) He is She is

Dych chi Maen nhw

They are

You are

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Byw a Gweithio / Living and Working Ble dych chin byw? Dw in byw yng Ngheinewydd Dw in byw ym Mhonterwyd Dw in byw yn Nhalybont Dw in byw yn Nihewyd Dw in byw mewn pentre Dw in byw yn y dre
Where do you live?

Ydych chin gweithio? Wyt tin gweithio?

Do you work?

Ydw, athrawes / athro ydw i Yes, Im a teacher Ydw, gwas sifil ydw i Ydw, gwraig t ydw i Ydw, dw in gweithio mewn ysbyty

Nac ydw, dw in ddi-waith Nac ydw, dw i wedi ymddeol Nac ydw, myfyriwr ydw i Ffred ydych chi? Sandra ydych chi? Athro ydych chi? Athrawes ydych chi? Ie / Nage

No, Im unemployed

Dw in ddi-waith ar hyn o bryd

Are you Ffred?

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Ydych chin gweithio te? Ydw, yng Nghaerfyrddin Fel beth? Dw in gweithio mewn siop Yng nghanol y dre? Ie, ar bwys y dafarn.
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Geirfa pentre - village di-waith - unemployed athro - (male) teacher athrawes (b) - (female) teacher gwraig t (b) - housewife ysbyty - hospital wedi ymddeol - retired myfyriwr - (male) student myfyrwraig (b)- (female) student te - then (tag) fel beth - as what gwas sifil - civil servant canol - middle swyddfa (b) - office cyngor llyfrgell (b) coleg tafarn (b) enwog - council - library - college - pub - famous

yng nghanol fflat banc ysgol (b)

in the middle of flat (apartment) bank (money) school

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 2 Rhowch ffurf gywir y geiriau mewn cromfachau: Put the correct forms of the words in brackets: 1. Dw in byw ___________________________________ (in Aberaeron) 2. Dw in gweithio _______________________________ (in an office) 3. Mae en byw _________________________________ (in a flat) 4. Mae hin byw _________________________________(in town) 5. Mae Ffred ____________________________________(retired) 6. Mae Sandran gweithio __________________________(in a school) 7. Dw in byw ____________________________________ (in Talgarreg) 8. Mae hin byw __________________________________ (in Boncath) 9. Dw in gweithio _________________________________ (in a college) 10. Dw in gweithio ________________________________ (in the bank) 11. Mae en gweithio _______________________________ (in the hospital) 12. Dw in byw ____________________________________ (near the pub) Cyfieithwch: 1. I live in Llandysul 2. I work in an office 3. She works in the library 4. Do you work? 5. Ive retired 6. Im unemployed 7. Shes a housewife 8. Sandra lives in a flat

Pwyntiau iw cofio / Points to remember: 1. yn y ... = in the mewn ... = in a 2. There is a Treiglad Trwynol after yn meaning in. (See list of letter changes) 3. There are three ways of saying the: i) yr (before a vowel) ii) y (before a consonant) iii) r (after a vowel and has a precedence over a. and b.) 4. Here are the personal forms of bod when they come in the middle of a sentence: ydw i I am ydyn ni We are wyt ti You are (familiar) ydych chi You are yw e He is ydyn nhw They are yw hi She is

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri

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Treiglad Meddal ar l o (ac i) Soft Mutation after o (and i) O ble dych chin wreiddiol? O ble rwyt tin dod?
Where do you come from?

dod

yn

Tregaron Llundain Caerfyrddin Bangor Ceinewydd Llan-non Dinbych y Pysgod Crymych Mydroilyn Llanrhystud Ponterwyd

Dw in dod o Lundain
I come from London

Dw in dod o Gaerfyrddin Mae en dod o Bontrhydfendigaid

He comes from London

Mae hin dod or Alban

She comes from Scotland

Mynd / Going places Ble dych chin mynd heno?

Ble rwyt tin penwythnos? mynd dros y

Hwlffordd Llandysul

Where are you going ..?

Dw in mynd mas Im going out Dw in mynd adre Dw in mynd i Gaerdydd Dw in mynd i Lanelli Sa in mynd i unman Ydy en mynd ir dre? Is he going to town? Ydy en mynd r plant? Ydy hin mynd adre? Ydy hin mynd i Safeway? Ydy / Nac ydy Mae Mae Mae Mae en mynd adre He is going home hin mynd ir dafarn en mynd r plant ir ysgol hin mynd mas Geirfa
mas / allan adre gartre mynd mynd (TLl) ysgol (b) unman chwarae heno pam lai plentyn plant ffrind gyda gwneud Yr Alban Lloegr Llundain dros y penwythno s i (TM) sir - out - home(ward) (at) home to go to take school nowhere / anywhere to play - tonight - why not - child - children - friend - with - to do / make - Scotland - England - London - over the weekend - to - sure

Deialo g Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: Sandra : Ydych chin mynd mas heno? Ydw, dw in mynd ir sinema. Gyda pwy? Gyda ffrind. Beth dych chin (ei) wneud dydd Sadwrn? Sa in sir. Dw in gweithio yn y bore. Beth am fynd ir dafarn yn y nos? Pam lai.

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sa in

- Im not

Gwaith Cartre Uned 3 Rhowch ffurf gywir y geiriau mewn cromfachau: Put the correct forms of the words in brackets: 1. Dw in mynd i ________________________ (Caerdydd) 2. Dw in dod o _________________________ (Pontrhydfendigaid) 3. Mae en dod o ________________________ (Yr Almaen) 4. Mae hin dod o ________________________ (Bangor) 5. Mae en mynd i ________________________ (Llandysul) 6. Ydych chin dod o _______________________ (Cymru)? 7. Dw in byw yng _________________________ (Ceinewydd) 8. Mae en byw yn _________________________ (Tregaron)

Cyfieithwch: 1. I come from Talybont 2. Im going to London 3. He comes from Carmarthen 4., Shes going out 5. Are you going to Tenby? (Yes) 6. Is she going to college? (No) 7. Is he taking the children? (Yes) 8. Why not?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. There is a Treiglad Meddal immediately after o (from) and i (to). See the list of letters which change. 2. A few place names have the in front of them. Yr Alban (Scotland), Yr Eidal (Italy), Yr Almaen (Germany), Y Borth are a few common ones. 3. Use Ydy / Nac ydy in response to questions beginning with Ydy ..?

19

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar

Saying where you went Ble (a)ethoch chi neithiwr? Ble est ti neithiwr? Es i mas Es i ir dafarn Es i i weld ffrindiau Es i i Abertawe (A)ethon ni ir coleg (A)ethon ni ir eglwys Ble a(e)th e / hi? A(e)th A(e)th A(e)th A(e)th e i weld ffrindiau hi ir gwaith e r ci am dro hi ddim i unman Where did you go last night?

I went out

We went to college

Where did he / she go? He went to see friends

Saying what you did Be(th)(w)n(a)ethoch chi? Be(th)(w)nest ti? Edrych ar y teledu Golchir car Darllen y papur *Bwyta swper Be(th)(w)na(e)th e/hi?
What did you do?

Watched TV

Dim byd! Geirfa mynd gweld neithiwr ci am dro gwaith edrych (ar) golchi darllen *bwyta codi siarad () yfed teledu bwyd wedyn dyna i gyd wrth gwrs eglwys (b) dim byd ffrind -

Es i mas neithiwr!
to go to see last night dog for a walk work to watch

Deialog Mair: Sandra: Mair: Sandra: Mair: Sandra: Mair: Sandra: Be(th w ) nest ti nos Sadwrn? Es i mas gyda Ffred. Ble (a)ethoch chi? (A)ethon ni ir Llew Du, wedyn ir Taj Mahal i gael bwyd Be(th w ) n(a)ethoch chi wedyn? Yfed coffi a siarad. Dyna i gyd? Ie, wrth gwrs.

- to wash - to read - to eat to get up to talk (with) to drink television food afterwards thats all of course church nothing a friend

Pronounced like the English word bitte(r)

20

Gwaith Cartre Uned 4 Gorffennwch: 1. Beth ___________ ti ddoe? 2. Ble aethoch _________ neithiwr? 3. _________ mynd i unman 4. Dyna i _____________. 5. Edrych ___________ y teledu 6. ___________ gwrs 7. ___________ e i weld ffrindiau 8. Es i i ____________ (Tregaron) Gorffennwch y ddeialog: A. ___________________________ B. Nosweth dda. A. ___________________________ B. Es i ir dafarn. A. ___________________________ B. Es i adre. A. ___________________________ B. Pob hwyl. Cyfieithwch: 1. What did you do last night? 2. Where did you go? 3. We didnt go anywhere. 4. What did he do? 5. Thats all! 6. I went to see friends. 7. Im going out. 8. Where are you going over the weekend?
Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. For future reference, here is the past tense of mynd (to go) and gwneud (to do / make): es i I went gwnes i I did / made est ti you went (fam.) gwnest ti you did / made (fam.) aeth e / hi he / she went gwnaeth e / hi he / she did / made aeth y plant the children went gwnaeth y plant the children did / made aethon ni we went gwnaethon ni we did / made aethoch chi you went gwnaethoch chi you did / made aethon nhw they went gwnaethon nhw they did / made (See Atodiad 1, p. 155, for a full list of verbs.) 2. From now on, letters in brackets in the Deialog, Geirfa or the language blocks should be written but not pronounced.

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion

21

Uned Pump Yn y gorffennol / In the past

Be(th)(w)n(a)ethoch chi ddoe? What did you do yesterday? Be(th)(w)nest ti ddoe? (Gw)nes ir brecwast I made breakfast (Gw)nes ir coffi (Gw)nes ir swper (Gw)nes ir gwaith cartre (W)nes i ddim byd I didnt do anything

Golches ir car I washed the car Golchest tir car Golchodd e / hir car Golchon nir car Golchoch chir car Golchon nhwr car Darllenes ir papur I read the paper Cysges i ar y gadair Edryches i ar y teledu Codes in hwyr (A)ethoch chi mas? Weloch chir rhaglen? Glywoch chir stori?
Do / Naddo

Beth wnest ti ddoe? (1) Golches ir car

Geirfa
golch(-i) ddoe echdoe brecwast swper cysgu (cysg-) clywed (clyw-) rhaglen (b) llestri llyfr nofio (nofi-)
Beth (w)nest ti dros y penwythnos? Gweles i Sandra nos Sadwrn. Sandra Jones o Gaerfyrddin? Ie. Cwrddon ni yn y Llew Du, ac aethon ni am bryd o fwyd. Beth ddigwyddodd wedyn? O Sa in dweud.

Deialo g
Tom: Ffred: Tom: Ffred: Tom: Ffred:

- to wash - yesterday the day yesterday - breakfast - supper - to sleep - to hear - programme - dishes - book - to swim - to buy - to run to say / to tell to happen to meet a meal chair to write

before

prynu (pryn-) rhedeg (rhed-) dweud (dwed-) digwydd cwrdd () pryd o fwyd cadair (b) ysgrifennu (ysgrifenn-) darllen (darllen-) pl-droed (b) gweld (gwel-) 22

- to read - football - to see a film

ffilm

Gwaith Cartre Uned 5 Gorffennwch: 1. __________________________ ir car. 2. __________________________ er llestri. 3. __________________________ nhwr papur. 4. __________________________ ir brecwast. 5. __________________________ hir llyfr. 6. __________________________ hir swper. 7. __________________________ chir car? 8. __________________________ chir ffilm neithiwr? 9. __________________________ tir gwaith cartre? 10. _________________________ i ddim mas neithiwr. Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: e.e. Beth wnaethoch chi ddoe? 1. Beth wnaeth Ffred? 2. Beth wnaeth Sandra ? Gwnes ir gwaith cartre!

_______ e ________________________ _______ hi _______________________

3. Beth wnaeth Ffred a Sandra? _______ nhw _____________________ 4. Ble est ti neithiwr? 5. Ble aeth hi? 6. Olchest tir llestri? 7. Welest tir gm? 8. Est ti ir dafarn? _______ i ________________________ _______ hi _______________________ ____, _________ i __________________________

____, _________ i _________________________ ____, _________ i _________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. In the simple past, personal forms of regular verbs are formed by combining the stem and personal ending, e.g. I got up = cod- (stem of codi) + -es i (1st person singular simple past) (See Atodiad 1 p. 155) for a fuller explanation). From now on the stem of regular verbs will be shown between brackets in the vocabulary. In the meantime, here are some useful verb stems: bwyt-; cysg-; chwarae-; rhed-; clyw-; gwel-; darllen-; edrych-; golch-; pryn- (for a complete list of verbs, and their stems, see Atodiad 2 p. 165) Here are the endings for the simple past of regular verbs: cod-es i I got up cod-on ni we got up cod-est ti you got up (fam.) cod-och chi you got up cod-odd e he got up cod-on nhw they got up cod-odd hi she got up cod-odd y plant the children got up Remember to put the verb at the beginning of the sentence.

2.

3.

23

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Chwech

Trafod bwyd a diod Discussing food and drink Beth gawsoch chi ..? Beth gest ti ..?
What did you have (get)?

Ces i un wisgi I had one whisky Ces i ddau wisgi Ces i dri wisgi Ces i bedwar wisgi Beth gawsoch chi i frecwast? Beth gawsoch chi i ginio? Beth gawsoch chi i de? Beth gawsoch chi i swper? Ches i ddim cinio Ches i ddim coffi Ches i ddim gwin Ches i ddim byd Gawsoch chi hwyl?
Did you have fun? What did you have for breakfast?

Ces i dost

I had toast

Ces i frechdan Ces i gacen Ces i gyri

I didnt have (any) dinner

I didnt have (get) anything

Do / Naddo
Yes / No

Gest ti ddigon?

Did you have enough?

*Cafodd e goffi *Cafodd hi goffi *Cafodd Ffred goffi *Cafodd y plant goffi

He had coffee

Cafodd e ddigon

Geirfa
cael cinio te brecwast swper tost brechdan (b) cacen (b) gwin cwrw hwyl ffn heddiw maen flin da fi hyfryd ... ond do fe? cwrdd () eto dosbarth falle ar l wedyn rhywbryd digon gormod - to have obtain) - dinner - tea - breakfast - supper - toast - sandwich - cake - wine - beer - fun - telephone - today - Im sorry (get /

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

(ar y ffn) Sandra, sut dych chi heddi? Pam (rwyt) tin dweud chi? Maen flin da fi, sut (rwyt) ti? Iawn. Gest ti amser da nos Sadwrn? Do. Cawson ni bryd o fwyd hyfryd, ond do fe? Beth am gwrdd eto rhywbryd? Iawn. Ar l y dosbarth Cymraeg falle.

lovely ... didnt we? (tag) to meet (with) again / yet class perhaps after afterwards

- sometime - enough - too much

Pronounced: gth 24

Gwaith Cartre Uned 6

Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Mrs Thomas ydych chi? () 2. Aethoch chi mas neithiwr? () 3. Wyt tin byw yn Llandysul? () _________ _________ _________

4. Ydy Mair yn mynd ir capel? () _________ 5. Ydych chin gweithio? () _________

6. Gawsoch chi de y bore ma? () _________ Cyfieithwch: 1. Why do you say chi? 2. What about meeting again sometime? 3. We had a lovely supper, didnt we? 4. Did you have enough? 5. I didnt have anything 6. What did you have for tea? 7. I had four pints of beer Atebwch y cwestiynau: A. Gawsoch chi amser da? A. Gafodd Ffred amser da? A. Gafodd Sandra amser da? A. Gafodd Ffred a Sandra amser da? A. Gest ti amser da? B. Do, Ces i amser da iawn. B. Do, __________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Here is the past tense of cael (to have / to get): ces i cawson ni cest ti cawsoch chi cafodd e / hi [gth e / hi] cawson nhw There is a TM at the beginning of questions: Fwytoch chi swper? Gest ti swper? Ddarllenoch chir papur? There is a TM at the beginning of negative sentences. Verbs beginning with t, c or p have a Treiglad Llaes (t>th, c>ch, p>ph): Ddwedes i ddim byd, Weles i ddim byd, Ches i ddim swper.

2. 3.

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion

25

Uned Saith Y tywydd / The weather Sut maer tywydd heddi? Mae hin braf Mae hin oer Mae hin dwym Mae hin niwlog Mae hin ddiflas Mae hin _wyntog Mae hin sych Mae hin _wlyb Mae hin fwyn
Hows the weather today? Its fine Mae hin oer heddi!

Mae hin bwrw glaw / eira / cesair ond yw hi!

Isnt it?

Its raining

So hin rhy oer Its not too cold So hin rhy _wlyb So hin rhy dwym So hin rhy _wyntog Sut roedd y tywydd ddoe? Roedd hin braf ddoe Roedd hin well Roedd hin waeth Roedd hin neis
Oedd hin braf? Oedd / Nac oedd Sut bydd y tywydd yfory?How will the Bydd hin braf yfory weather be Bydd hin well yfory tomorrow? Bydd hin waeth yfory Bydd hin neis yfory Fydd hin braf? Will it be fine? Bydd / Na fydd How was the weather yesterday?

It was fine yesterday

Deialog Sandra: Sut aeth y dosbarth, Ffred? Ffed: Iawn, ond roedd yr ystafell yn rhy oer. Sandra: Mae hin oer heddi, ond yw hi? Ffred: Ac roedd y traffig yn ofnadwy ar y ffordd. Sandra: Oedd, roedd hin brysur iawn yn y dre. Ffred: Bydd hin bwrw glaw cyn bo hir hefyd. Sandra: Bydd, sir o fod. Ffred: Sandra, beth yw miserable yn Gymraeg?

Geirfa braf oer twym niwlog gwyntog sych gwlyb mwyn neis diflas bwrw glaw bwrw cesair bwrw eira rhy (TM) gwell gwaeth ofnadwy prysur cyn bo hir hefyd sir o fod ystafell (b) gwyliau ond yw hi? ffordd (b)

fine cold warm foggy windy dry wet mild nice miserable to rain to hail to snow too better worse terrible busy

before long - as well - probably - room - holidays - isnt it? - road / way

26

Gwaith Cartre Uned 7 Ysgrifennwch y frawddeg briodol o dan y lluniau: Write the appropriate sentence underneath the pictures:

(It is ...)

(It will be ...)

(It was ...)

(It is ...)

(It was ...)

(It is ...)

(It will be ...)

(Was it ..?)

(Is it ..?)

(It was ...)

(It is ...)

(It isnt ...)

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Braf is an exception to the rule, and does not change after yn. 2. The answer to any question beginning with Oedd ..? is Oedd / Nac oedd (sometimes pronounced dd / nag dd; w / na w in Pembrokeshire). SESIWN ADOLYGU (Revision Session) (rhwng Uned 7 ac 8)
27

Ymarferion Ar l ymarfer gydar tiwtor, gofynnwch y cwestiynau yma ich gilydd: After practice with the tutor, ask each other these questions: Beth yw eich enw chi? Ble dych chin byw? O ble dych chin dod? Ydych chin gweithio? Ble dych chin mynd heno? Ble aethoch chi ddoe? Beth wnaethoch chi ddoe? ydw i Dw in byw yn .. Dw in dod o Dw in gweithio .. Dw in mynd .. Es i .

Gwrandewch ar y tp, a rhowch yr wybodaeth iawn yn y grid. Fydd dim rhaid i chi ddeall popeth! Listen to the tape and put the correct information in the grid. You wont need to understand everything! Enw 1 2 3 Ar l tsiecior atebion, cymerwch ran un or bobol yma. Gofynnwch gwestiynau ich partner. After checking the answers, you take the part of one of these people. Ask your partner about his / her new identity. Byw Yn wreiddiol Gweithio

Rhowch y ddeialog yma yn y drefn iawn: Put this dialogue in the right order: A. Ofnadwy! Ces i noson ofnadwy neithiwr. A. Sut mae! Sut rwyt ti, Tom? A. Es i i weld ffrind yn Llandysul neithiwr, a thorrodd y car i lawr. A. Ffonies ir wraig. Mae hin gweithio fel mecanic. B. Pam? B. Lwcus iawn! B. Iawn diolch. Sut rwyt ti heddi? B. Beth wnest ti?

Gwaith Cartre Sesiwn Adolygu (rhwng Uned 7 ac Uned 8)

28

Ysgrifennwch yr atebion ir cwestiynau yma: Write the (real!) answers to these questions: 1. Ble dych chin byw nawr? _________________________________________________________________ 2. O ble dych chin dod yn wreiddiol? _________________________________________________________________ 3. Ydych chin gweithio? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Ble aethoch chi ar eich gwyliau diwetha? _________________________________________________________________ 5. Sut roedd y tywydd? _________________________________________________________________ 6. Ble dych chin mynd ar eich gwyliau nesa? _________________________________________________________________ 7. Beth gawsoch chi i swper neithiwr? _________________________________________________________________ 8. Sut maer tywydd nawr? _________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Here are the affirmative negative personal forms of Bod in the present tense:
Here are more colloquial versions:

dw i ddim dwyt ti ddim dyw e/hi ddim dyn ni ddim dych chi ddim dyn nhw ddim 2.

Im not ...; I dont ... you arent ...; you dont ... he/she isnt ...; he/she doesnt ... we arent ...; we dont .. you arent ...; you dont ... they arent ...; they dont ...

sa i so ti so fe / hi so ni so chi so nhw

Use an yn (n after a vowel) to link with the rest of the sentence.

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Wyth Owning / Having things

29

Oes car da chi? Oes / Nac oes Mae Fiesta da fi Mae Volvo da fi Mae Porsche da fi Mae Mini da fi Does dim car da fi Does dim t da fi Does dim gwaith da fi Does dim ffrindiau da fi Oes plant da chi? Faint o blant sy da chi? un mab dau fab tri mab pedwar mab merch Oes munud da ti? Oes ots da ti? Oes pen tost da ti? Oes newid da ti? Roedd problem da fe Roedd problem da hi Roedd problem da nhw Roedd problem da ni un ferch dwy ferch tair merch pedair

Have you got a car?

Ive got a Fiesta

I havent got a car

Have you got any children? How many children have you got?

Have you got a minute?

He had a problem

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Oes aspirin da ti? Pam? Be(th) syn bod? Mae pen tost da fi. (Doe)s dim aspirin da fi. Dere i gael cwpaned o de. Syniad da. Ond (Doe)s dim arian da fi. Paid poeni. Mae digon da fi.

Geirfa mab merch (b) brawd *chwaer (b) teulu munud (b) pen tost newid ar l cael cwpaned syniad dere! (ti) paid! (ti) becso Beth bod?

son daughter brother sister family minute headache change after to have / to get a cuppa idea come! dont! the

- to worry syn Whats matter?

Pronounced hwr

30

Gwaith Cartre Uned 8 Gorffennwch:

1. Faint _____________ blant sy da chi? 2. ____________ dim car da fi. 3. _____________ plant da ti? 4. Mae _____________ (2) ferch da nhw. 5. Mae ______________ (2) fab da nhw. 6. ar ____________ o bryd 7. Mae digon ________ fi. 8. Dere i gael ___________ o de.

Cyfieithwch:
1. Have you got a minute? 2. How many children have you got? 3. I have two daughters. 4. Do you mind? 5. I havent got a house. 6. Dont worry. 7. They had a Fiesta. 8. Come and have a cup of tea

Atebwch y cwestiynau:
A. Oes plant da chi? A. Oes plant da Sandra? A. Oes plant da Ted a Non? A. Oes plant da ti? A. Oes plant da fe? B. Oes, mae dau fab da fi.

Pwyntiau iw cofio:
1. The answer to any question beginning with Oes ..? is Oes / Nac oes. 2. After numbers, only use singular nouns. e.e. dau d, tri mab, naw dosbarth: three daughters = tair merch (singular); two schools = dwy ysgol (singular).

31

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Naw

Hoffi ac eisiau / Liking and wanting Ydych chin lico Pobol y Cwm? Ydw / Nac ydw
Do you like ..?

(Wyt) tin lico Pobol y Cwm? Dw in lico Pobol y Cwm Sa in lico Brookside Mae en lico Pobol y Cwm So fen lico Brookside Mae hin lico Brookside So hin lico Pobol y Cwm Beth dych chi moyn i swper? Beth wyt ti moyn i swper? i frecwast? i de? i ginio? Dw i moyn bwyd Dw i moyn rhywbeth ysgafn Sa i moyn dim byd Sa i moyn swper Diddordebau / Interests Beth yw eich diddordebau chi?
What are your interests ..? I like I dont like He likes He doesnt like She likes She doesnt like What do you want for supper?

Dw i moyn bwyd!

Dw in hoff (iawn) o ganu Dw Dw Dw Dw in in in in hoff hoff hoff hoff (iawn) (iawn) (iawn) (iawn) o o o o

Im (very) fond of singing

weithio yn yr ardd nofio gymdeithasu ddysgu Cymraeg

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: (Wyt) ti moyn coffi te? Ydw, os gweli din dda. Llaeth a siwgwr? Dim ond llaeth. (Wyt) ti moyn rhywbeth i fwyta? Dim diolch. Dw in tral colli pwysau. A finne. Ond dw in rhy hoff o gacennau!

Geirfa lico / hoffi moyn / eisiau hoff o (TM) llaeth siwgwr rhywbeth colli pwysau a finne canu tral (tr-) gardd (b) cymdeithasu ysgafn

to like to want fond of milk sugar something to lose weight and me (too) to sing to try garden to socialise light

32

Gwaith Cartre Uned 9 Ysgrifennwch dair brawddeg syml am: Write three simple sentences about: (a) eich teulu

(b) eich diddordebau

(c) eich gwyliau diwetha (last holidays)

(ch) beth dych chin ei lico ar y teledu

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Remember not to use yn with moyn and eisiau.

33

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Deg Pwy sy biau beth - Who owns what Fy, dy, ei ... / My, your, his ... Ble Ble Ble Ble mae mae mae mae car Ffred? Where is Freds car? t Ffred? llyfr Ffred? gwaith cartre Ffred? (Da)cw fe!
there it is (yonder)! my hair (fy) mhroblem i

(Dy)ma fe!
here it is!

*(fy) *(fy) *(fy) *(fy)

ngwallt i nhrwyn i nghoes i mol i

dy wallt di dy drwyn di dy goes di dy fol di **ei wallt e **ei drwyn e **ei goes e **ei fol e **ei gwallt hi **ei thrwyn hi **ei choes hi **ei bol hi

your hair

his hair

her hair

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ydy pawb yn dy deulu din gallu siarad Cymraeg? Mae mam yn siarad Cymraeg, ond so (fy) nhad. (Wyt) tin clywed Cymraeg yn y siop? Ydw, bob dydd. (Wyt) tin ymarfer dy Gymraeg di gartre? Ydw, gyda (fy) nghi. Mae en deall pob gair.

Geirfa gwallt trwyn coes (b) bol dannedd tafod cefn llygad (llygaid) pen-glin(iau) gwddwg gr gwraig (b) gallu (gall-) amser clywed (clyw-) ymarfer deall cwt cariad

hair nose leg belly teeth tongue back eye(s) knee(s) throat husband wife to be able to time to hear

Ffred:

- to practise to understand - tail - love

* **

Fy isnt usually pronounced in spoken Welsh, but the TT it causes is! Pronounced i

34

Gwaith Cartre Uned 10 Cyfieithwch:

1. my head 2. his class 3. their names 4. my husband 5. her nose 6. their school 7. my homework 8. your house (fam.) 9. your family 10. your problem (fam.) 11. my dinner 12. his breakfast 13. his children 14. her house 15. Johns problem Atebwch y cwestiynau: A. Beth yw enw gwraig Tony Blair? A. Beth yw enw gr Hilary Clinton? A. Beth yw enw mab John Lennon? A. Beth yw enw cariad Minnie Mouse? A. Beth yw enw ffrind Ffred? B. Cherie yw enw ei wraig e. B. _______________________ B. _______________________ B. _______________________ B. _______________________ B. _______________________

A. Beth yw enw eich gr / gwraig / cariad / ci?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. See the list of letter changes which occur with the different pronouns. 2. Gyda is the full form of da. 3. The affixed pronouns in phrases like fy nhrwyn i, dy drwyn di, etc., are not always pronounced when the phrase forms part of a longer sentence, e.g. Beth yw enw dy dad? However, they are used for emphasis, e.g. Beth yw enw dy dad di? compared to, say, Toms father.

35

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Un Siarad am y teulu / Talking about the family Ydych nabod chin *(fy) mrawd i? *(fy) chwaer i? *(fy) rhieni i? *(fy) mhlant i? Ydych chin nabod brawd Ffred?
Do you know Ffreds brother? Do you know my brother?

Ydw, dw in nabod ei frawd e

Yes, I know his brother

Ydych chin nabod tad Ffred? Ydych chin nabod brawd Sandra? Ydych chin nabod tad Sandra? Mae Mae Mae Mae

Ydw, dw in nabod ei dad e Ydw, dw in nabod ei brawd hi Ydw, dw in nabod ei thad hi

*(fy) rhieni in byw yn ________ (fy) mrawd in gweithio yn _______ (fy) mhlant in mynd i ysgol ________ (fy) nheulu in dod o ________

Oed - Age Faint yw oed eich mab / merch? Faint yw dy oed di nawr? Mae en flwydd oed Mae en ddwy oed Mae hin dair oed Mae hin bedair oed
How old is your son / daughter? Whats your age now? Hes a year old

Deialog

Geirfa rhieni nabod

Oes brawd neu chwaer da ti Sandra? Oes, un chwaer fawr ac un brawd bach. Mae ei benblwydd e heddi. Faint yw ei oed e? Mae en bedair. Mae Bendigeidfran yn bedair eleni. Beth? Oes brawd da ti hefyd? Nac oes. Bendigeidfran yw enw (fy) nghi.

Ffred:

Sandra:

oed oedran eto neu (TM) mawr

- parents - to know (a person or place) / - age - again / yet - or - big small birthday this year last year

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

bach pen-blwydd eleni llynedd

36

Before a consonant that doesnt mutate, and a vowel, fy is usually pronounced yn.

37

Gwaith Cartre Uned 11 Gorffennwch: 1. Ydych chin nabod fy ______________ i? (father)

2. Sa in nabod ei ____________ hi. (husband) 3. Mae fy rhieni in byw yng ________________ (Cardiff) 4. _____________ yw oed eich merch chi? 5. Mae hin ddwy __________________ . 6. ____________________ hin dair oed eto. 7. Bendigeidfran yw enw ei __________ fe. 8. Nac ydw, _______________ i ddim yn nabod dy wraig di.

Cyfieithwch: 1. Hes four (years) old 2. How old is your daughter? 3. My parents live in Carmarthen. 4. Do you know my brother? 5. Shes not four yet. 6. His birthday is today. 7. Her children go to a Welsh school. 8. Have you got a sister or brother?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Ages are always feminine even if referring to a masculine noun: Mae fy mab in ddwy oed, Mae Tom yn dair oed. 2. Because fy is a written, rather than a spoken form, from now on it will not be shown in the the dialogues and language blocks before the mutated consonants, e.g. mhlant my children, nhad my father. 3. Pronounce ein as yn, and eich as ych.

38

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Dau Trafod iechyd / Discussing health Beth syn bod arnoch chi / arnat ti? Ydych chin sl? Wyt tin sl? Mae pen tost da fi Mae gwddwg tost da fi Mae bola tost da fi Mae dant tost da fi Mae clust dost da fi Mae annwyd arna i Mae annwyd arno fe Mae annwyd arni hi Mae annwyd arnyn nhw (Doe)s dim byd yn bod arna i! Oes peswch arnat ti? Oes syched arnat ti? Oes hiraeth arnat ti? Oes ofn arnat ti? Mae ofn arna i Mae peswch arna i Mae hiraeth arna i Mae syched arna i
Whats the matter with you?

Ive got a headache

Ive got a cold

Theres nothing the matter with me Have you got a cough?

Im afraid

Deialog

(Wythnos yn ddiweddarach)

Sandra: Ffred:

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Maen flin da fi am beidio dod ir Llew Du neithiwr. Popeth yn iawn. Paid poeni. A dweud y gwir, es i ddim mas chwaith. Roedd pen tost ofnadwy da fi. Pam? Beth oedd yn bod? Roedd annwyd arna i, ond dw in well nawr. Est ti at y meddyg? Naddo. Wisgi a ml ywr peth gorau yn l mam.

Geirfa clust (b) braich (b) troed (b) dant cwsg tost a dweud gwir annwyd peswch syched ml am beidio peth gorau yn l popeth iawn meddyg chwaith gwell sl hiraeth

y -

ear arm foot tooth sleep ill / sore to tell the truth

- cold cough thirst honey for not thing

Ffred: Sandra:

- best - back; according to yn - OK, everythings fine - doctor - either - better - ill - homesickness

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 12

Gorffennwch: 1. Beth ___________________ bod arnoch chi? 2. Wyt ___________________ dost? 3. Mae pen _____________ da fi. 4. Mae clust __________________ da fi. 5. Mae annwyd ___________________ i. 6. Mae annwyd __________________ nhw. 7. ________________ dim byd yn bod ar Ffred. 8. Maen ____________ da fi ____________ beidio dod ir Llew Ddu neithiwr. Cyfieithwch: 1. Ive got an earache 2. Shes got a cold. 3. Whisky and honey is the best thing. 4. Quite all right. 5. Theres nothing wrong with me. 6. Whats the matter with you (ti)? Atebwch y cwestiynau: A. Oes rhywbeth yn bod arnat ti? A. Oes rhywbeth yn bod ar Sandra? A. Oes rhywbeth yn bod ar y plant? A. Wyt t in dost? A. Ydy en dost? B. Oes, mae annwyd arna i. B.__________________________ Does dim byd yn bod arna i!

B. _________________________
B. _________________________ B. __________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. This is how the preposition ar works: arna i arnat ti arno fe arni hi arnon ni arnoch chi arnyn nhw ar y plant

(See Atodiad 1 (p.152) for a full list of conjugated prepositions.) 2. Aches and pains use the Mae ... da fi pattern; diseases use the Mae ... arna i pattern: annwyd, ffliw, peswch (cough) etc.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Tri Dweud ble roch chin byw a gweithio ac ati Saying where you used to live and work, etc. Ble roch chin byw, cyn symud i ..? Ble rot tin byw ________? Ron in byw yn Llundain Ron in byw yn Lloegr Ron in byw yn yr Alban Ron in byw yng Ngogledd Cymru
Where did you live before moving to ..?

I lived in London

Don i ddim yn byw yng Nghymru I didnt live in Wales Don i ddim yn nabod Ffred Doedd e ddim yn byw yng Nghymru Doedd hi ddim yn nabod Ffred Ron nin byw yn ______________ Ron nhwn byw yn _______________ Ble roedd e / hin arfer gweithio?
Where did he used to work?

Roedd en arfer gweithio mewn ysgol Roedd hin arfer gweithio ar ffarm Roedd en arfer gweithio ir cyngor Roedd hin arfer gweithio mewn coleg

He used to work in a school

Were you a naughty child when Och chin blentyn drwg amser och chi you where at school? yn yr ysgol? Ot tin blentyn drwg amser ot ti yn yr ysgol?

On, ron in jawl bach drwg Nac on, ron i fel angel

Yes, I was a little devil

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ble rot tin byw cyn symud yma? Yn Llanelli. Pryd rot tin byw yn Llanelli? Rhwng 1978 ac 1982. Jiw, jiw - ron in byw yn Llanelli tan 1979. Ble yn Llanelli rot tin byw? Yn Stryd y Pwll Ot tin nabod Tom Morris? On, wrth gwrs. Ron in byw drws nesa i Tom. Mae pawb yn nabod pawb yng Nghymru.

Geirfa symud (symud-) gogledd de dwyrain gorllewin jawl (diawl) rhwng jiw, jiw! angel tan drws nesa (TM) drwg (am)ser

- to move - north - south - east west devil between Well I never

- angel - until i - next door to - bad - when

41

42

Gwaith Cartre Uned 13 Gorffennwch: 1. _________________ in arfer byw yn Llundain. 2. _________________ i ddim yn byw yng Nghymru. 3. __________________ chin blentyn drwg amser roch chi yn yr ysgol? 4. Ron in byw drws ______________ i Sandra. 5. __________________ pawb yn nabod pawb yng Nghymru. 6. Ble oedd en _________________ gweithio? Cyfieithwch: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Everyone knows everyone in Wales. I lived next door to Fred. Did you know Sandra? I lived in Carmarthen until 1971. I was a little devil when I was in school. She used to work in the Black Lion. I didnt know Tom. I was like an angel.

Atebwch: C. Ot tin siarad Cymraeg amser ot tin blentyn? bach C. Ot tin darllen llawer? C. Ot tin mynd ir ysgol Sul? C. Ot tin edrych ar Thunderbirds? C. Ot tin chwarae rygbi? A. On, ron in siarad tipyn

A. _______________________ A. _______________________ A. _______________________ A. _______________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. I was / I used to Ron i Rot ti Roedd e / hi Roedd y plant Ron ni Roch chi Ron nhw

Full written form [Roeddwn i] [Roeddet ti] [Roedden ni] [Roeddech chi] [Roedden nhw]

(The shortened forms are acceptable when written as well.) 2. The answer to a question beginning with Ot ti or Och chi is On / Nac on (Wn / Na wn in Pembrokeshire Welsh); Oeddwn / Nac oeddwn in formal Welsh.

43

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Pedwar Trafod amser - Discussing time
... o'r gloch pum munud i ... deg munud i ... chwarter i ... ugain munud i ... 10 9 8 7 12 11 1 pum munud wedi ... 2 deg munud wedi ... 3 chwarter wedi ... 4 ugain munud wedi ... 5 6 pum munud ar hugain wedi ... hanner awr wedi ...

pum munud ar hugain i ...

Faint or gloch yw hi? Mae hin dri or gloch ddeuddeg or gloch hanner dydd un ar ddeg or gloch

Whats the time?

ddeg munud wedi pump chwarter wedi pump ugain munud wedi pump bum munud ar hugain wedi pump hanner awr wedi pump ddeg munud i chwech Pryd est ti mas?
When did you go out?

Es i mas am dri or gloch I went out at 3 oclock? Es i mas am bum munud i ddau Es i mas am ddeuddeg Es i mas am bum munud ar hugain i ddau Mae hi bron yn dri or gloch Mae hi newydd droi tri or gloch Mae hi tua tri or gloch Mae hin dri or gloch ar ei ben

Mae hin bump or gloch ar ei ben!

Its nearly 3 oclock?

Deialog

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Be(th) syn bod? Dw i newydd gofio. Cofio beth? Dw in hwyr. Mae hin amser dosbarth. Am faint or gloch maer dosbarth yn dechrau? Am hanner awr wedi chwech. Gwela i di wedyn. Iawn. Hwyl, Sandra.

Geirfa chwarter wedi chwarter i (TM) hanner awr wedi ugain munud wedi hanner dydd canol nos bron yn (TM) newydd droi tua (TLl) ar ei ben cofio (cofi-) am (TM) newydd ... (TM) dechrau (dechreu-) ar ei ben 44

quarter past quarter to half past twenty past midday midnight nearly just turned about exactly to remember at (time)

- just (done ...) - to start - exactly

Gwaith Cartre Uned 14 Gorffennwch: 1. Faint ___________________ gloch yw hi? 2. Mae hin ________________ (3) or gloch. 3. Mae hin _________________ (12) or gloch. 4. Mae hin hanner awr ______________ pump. 5. Es i mas am ____________________ (10) 6. Aeth e mas am _____________________ (4.05) 7. Aethon nhw mas am ____________________________ (1.35) 8. Am faint or gloch ______________ dosbarth yn dechrau? Cyfieithwch: 1. Im late 2. At 9.15 3. What time is it? 4. Its nearly three 5. Its just turned ten 6. Its about twenty to ten 7. Its time for coffee 8. I lived in Sussex before moving to Wales 9. Ive got a cold 10. At midnight

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. 2. Cofiwch y TM after i (chwarter i bump) and am (am ddau or gloch). Use newydd to mean that somethings just happened.

45

SESIWN ADOLYGU (rhwng Uned 14 ac 15)

Ymarferion Oes teulu da chi? Oes, mae da fi. Faint o blant sy da chi? Mae ... da fi. / Does dim plant da fi. Faint yw oed y plant? Mae ... yn ... oed Ydych chin hoffi Pobol y Cwm? Ydw, dw in hoffi ... Nac ydw, sa in hoffi ... Ble dych chin byw nawr? Dw in byw yn ... Ble roch chin byw? Ron in byw yn .... Ble dych chin gweithio? Dw in gweithio yn ... Ble roch chin gweithio? Ron in gweithio yn ... Gwrandewch ar y tp a rhowch yr wybodaeth iawn yn y grid. Fydd dim rhaid i chi ddeall popeth! Listen to the tape and put the correct information in the grid. You wont need to understand everything!

Enw? 1 2 3

Problem?

Ble neithiwr?

Ble heno?

Gydach partner, check the answers and describe one of the people, e.e. Mae pen tost da Tom ... Newidiwch y paragraff yma ir 3ydd person: Change this paragraph to the 3rd person, i.e. I went out > He went out John ydw i. Dw in byw yn Aberystwyth ar bwys yr ysbyty, ar hyn o bryd, ond sa in dod o Gymrun wreiddiol. Dw in gweithio fel cwnstabl gydar heddlu, a dw in dysgu Cymraeg. Mae fy ngwraig in siarad Cymraeg a fy mhlant in mynd i Ysgol y Dderwen. Es i i Lanzarote ar fy ngwyliau diwetha, a dw in mynd i Sbaen yn yr haf gydar teulu. Dw in hoff o chwarae rygbi, a gweithio ar fy nghar.

Dyma John_________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Defnyddiwch yr un paragraff i ddisgrifioch hunan Use the same paragraph to describe yourself

46

Gwaith Cartre Sesiwn Adolygu (rhwng Uned 14 ac Uned 15) Ysgrifennwch yr atebion ir cwestiynau yma: Write the (real!) answers to these questions: 1. Oes teulu da chi? _______________________________________________________________ 2. Faint o blant sy da chi? _______________________________________________________________ 3. Ble dych chin gweithio nawr? _______________________________________________________________ 4. Ble roch chin arfer gweithio? _______________________________________________________________ 5. Faint or gloch yw hi nawr? _______________________________________________________________ 6. Beth wnaethoch chi ddoe? _______________________________________________________________ 7. Beth yw enw eich gr / gwraig / cariad / ci? ______________________________________________________________ 8. Ydych chin lico Eastenders? Beth dych chin ei hoffi ar y teledu? _____________________________________________________________

47

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Pump Ni a nhw a bod yna / Us and them and being there Dyn Dyn Dyn Dyn So So So So nin barod nin deall ni wedi bennu ni wedi blino
We are ready

nin barod nin yn deall ni wedi bennu ni wedi blino nhwn nhwn nhwn nhwn gallu gallu gallu gallu

We arent ready

Ydyn Ydyn Ydyn Ydyn

mynd? Can they go? dod? siarad Cymraeg? aros?

Ydyn / Nac ydyn Maen nhwn gallu mynd They can go Maen nhwn gallu siarad Cymraeg So nhwn gallu dod So nhwn gallu aros Bues i yna am awr Buodd e / hi yna am awr Buon ni yna am awr Buon nhw yna am awr
Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sut aeth y dosbarth? Ofnadwy. (Doe)s neb yn cael siarad Saesneg o gwbwl. Be(th wyt) tin (ei) feddwl? Sor tiwtor yn mynd i siarad gair o Saesneg ni. Beth? Dim un gair? Wel, ambell waith, dim ond os bydd eisiau. Ydyr dysgwyr eraill yn poeni? Ydyn, maen nhw ar bigaur drain hefyd.

Mae Ffred ar bigaur drain

I was there for an hour

Geirfa parod deall bennu (benn-) yma / yna awr (b) gallu meddwl (meddyli-) aros (arhos-) cael o gwbwl dim ond os bydd eisiau arall (eraill) ar bigaur drain

ready to understand to finish here / there hour

- to be able to - to think (or mean) - to stay - to be allowed to - at all - only / just - if necessary - other(s) - on tenterhooks to

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 15 Gorffennwch: 1. ____________________ nin barod. 2. _____________________ ni yna am awr, ddoe. 3. Dyn ni ______________ blino. 4. ______________ nhwn gallu mynd? 5. _______________ nhw wedi gorffen. 6. Beth ___________ chin ei feddwl? 7. Sa in mynd i siarad gair o Saesneg ___________chi. 8. Maen nhw ar ____________ r drain. Cyfieithwch: 1. How did the class go? 2. What do you mean? 3. We dont understand. 4. The tutors not going to speak a word of English to us. 5. Nobodys allowed to speak English at all. 6. They cant come. 7. I was there for an hour. 8. I was living in Carmarthen. Pwyntiau iw cofio: Bod (to be) has a past tense in Welsh, which can be translated as I went ..., e.g. Bues i yn y dafarn neithiwr (I went to the pub last night). Here are the personal forms: bues i buest ti buodd e / hi buon ni buoch chi buon nhw

[bu]

If you were somewhere for a defined period of time, or an event, use this pattern. If the action was continuous or ongoing, or if youre describing, use the Ron i ... patterns seen in Uned 13.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Chwech Siarad ar y ffn Ydy Sandra (y)na? Is Sandra there? Ydy Ffred (y)na? Ydyr prifathro (y)na? Pwy syn siarad? Pwy syn siarad? Ffred sy yma Its Ffred here Sandra sy yma Ffred syn siarad Sandra syn siarad
Sut mae? Bendigeidfran syn siarad. So Ffred yma ar hyn o bryd. Gadewch neges ar l y tn, bow wow!

So fe yma ar hyn o bryd Hes not here at the moment So fe ar gael ar hyn o bryd Mae hin brysur ar hyn o bryd Does neb yma ar hyn o bryd Alla i siarad Ffred? Alla i gael gair Ffred? Alla ich helpu chi? Alla i gymryd neges? Gallwch / Na allwch Maen flin da fi
Can I speak with Ffred?

Can I help you? Yes you can / No you cant

Allwch chi roi neges iddo fe? Allwch chi roi neges iddi hi? Allwch chi ofyn iddi hi ffonion l? Allwch chi ofyn iddo fe ffonion l? Galla / Na alla, maen flin da fi
Deialog (Maer ffn yn canu)

Can you give him a message?

Geirfa prifathro

Rhywun Arall: Ffred: Rhywun Arall: Ffred:

Aberystwyth 612583 Ydy Sandra yna, os gwelwch chin dda? Na(c y)dy. Mae hin brysur ar hyn o bryd. Dw in gweld. Allwch chi ofyn iddi hi ffonio Ffred? Galla, wrth gwrs. Beth ywr rhif? Aberystwyth 234689 Aberystwyth 234689. Ffred Morris syn siarad. Does neb yma ar hyn o bryd. Os ydych chi moyn gadael neges, siaradwch ar l y tn. Sandra sy yma. Diolch am ffonio y bore ma. Elli di alw heno? Mae newyddion da da fi.

headmaster rhif - number gair - word cymryd (cymer-) - to take neges (b) - message gofyn (gofynn-) (i) rhif gadael (gadaw-) galw newyddion peiriant ateb ar gael yn l - to ask number to leave to call news machine to answer available back

Rhywun Arall: Ffred: Peiriant Ateb:

Sandra:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 16 Gorffennwch: 1. _____________ Sandra yna? 2. Ydy ______ prifathro yna? 3. Pwy ___________ siarad? 4. Ffred _______________ yma. 5. ___________e yma ar _____ o bryd 6. ____________________ neb yma. 7. Alla i ________________ neges? 8. Mae newyddion da __________ fi. Cyfieithwch: 1. Thanks for calling. 2. Is Mair there, please? 3. Can I help you? 4. She isnt here at present 5. Who is speaking? 6. Ive got good news 7. Can you give him a message? 8. Theres nobody here, Im sorry.
Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Gallu (to be able to / can) is often used to form a question. - Can I ..? Can you ..? Remember the TM at the very beginning of a question. Alla i ..? Elli di ..? Allith e / hi ..? Allwn ni ..? Allwch chi ..? Allan nhw ..? 2. Affirmative answers to questions do not mutate, e.e. Alla i fynd? Gallwch

Gorffennwch y Ddeialog: A .. B. Nac ydy. So fe yn y gwaith y bore yma. A. .. B. Gallwch. Bydd en l y prynhawn yma. A. B. Ar l dau or gloch. A. .. B. Croeso, pob hwyl.

51

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Saith Trafod pethau sy wedi digwydd Discussing things which have happened
Titanic Jaws Lion King Notting Hill

Dw i wedi gweld StarWars Dw i wedi gwneud y gwaith cartre Dw i wedi darllen The Hobbit Dw i wedi bod yn Sbaen Sa i wedi gweld StarWars Sa i wedi gwneud y gwaith Sa i wedi darllen The Hobbit Sa i wedi bod yn Sbaen Ydych chi wedi cael digon? (Wyt) ti wedi bwyta gormod? (Wyt) ti wedi anghofio? (Wyt) ti wedi meddwi? Ydw / Nac y dw

Anwen Llinos Dewi Ioan Twm Carys War & Peace Anwen Llinos Dewi Ioan Twm Carys Oliver Twist The Hobbit Te yn y Grug

Ydy e wedi cyrraedd? Ydy, mae e wedi cyrraedd Nac y dy, so fe wedi cyrraedd Ydyn nhw wedi cyrraedd? Ydyn, maen nhw wedi cyrraedd Na(c y ) dyn, so nhw wedi cyrraedd

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: (Wyt) ti wedi clywed? Na(c y ) dw. Beth sy? Dw i wedi ennill! Ennill beth? Dw i wedi ennill ar y loteri! Cer o ma! Faint enillest ti? Can mil o bunnoedd. Paid sn! Sa in dy gredu di. Ydw, wir i ti. Ces i lythyr y bore ma. Sandra, (w)nei di mhriodi i?

Geirfa wedi meddwi ennill (enill-) paid sn! Cer o ma! credu (cred-) Wir i ti! priodi (priod-) llythyr (W)nei di ..? erioed diddorol cyrraedd (cyrhaedd-)

- drunk - to win - dont say! - Get away! - to believe Honest God! - to marry - letter - Will you ..?

to

- ever - interesting to arrive; reach -

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 17 Cyfieithwch: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. I have seen the film I saw the film I have read the book I did read the book I have done the homework I did the homework I have arrived I arrived He has gone He went He has had enough He had enough We have not gone We did not go

Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Ydych chi wedi bod yn Sbaen erioed? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Ydych chi wedi darllen llyfr gan Charles Dickens erioed? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Ydych chi wedi bwyta rhywbeth diddorol erioed? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Ydych chi wedi sgo erioed? ___________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Remember the different ways of saying things in the past: Dw i wedi gweld = I have seen Gweles i = I saw / I did see (See Atodiad 1 (p. 115) for a fuller explanation of the difference between the simple and long verb forms.) 2. Many people will reply with Do / Naddo to a question beginning with: Wyt ti wedi ..? / Ydych chi wedi ..?

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Wyth Gwneud y coffi / Making coffee digon o goffi llawer o goffi mwy o goffi gormod o goffi
enough coffee Mae digon o goffi yma.

Oes digon o laeth yn hwn?

Is there enough milk in this?

Oes / Nac oes

Oes digon o siwgwr yn hwn? Oes digon o laeth yn hwnna? Oes digon o siwgwr yn hwnna? Mae hen ddigon o de ma
Theres quite enough tea here

Mae hen ddigon o fisgedi yma (Wyt) tin cymryd siwgwr? (Wyt) tin cymryd llaeth?
Will you pass the sugar? Do you take sugar?

(W)nei di basior siwgwr? (Gw)naf / Na (w)naf

Yes, I will / No, I wont

(W)nei di nl un i fi? (W)nei di roi benthyg 30c i fi? (W)nei di ddod bisgen i fi? Beth dych chi (ei) eisiau? Te gwan i fi Coffi cryf i fi Dim byd i fi, diolch Dim siwgwr i Ffred
What do you want? Weak tea for me

Deialog Mair: Sandra: Mair: Sandra: Mair: Sandra: (Wyt) ti moyn rhagor o siampn? Mae e wedi mynd i mhen in barod. (Wyt) tin mynd i roir gorau ir swydd te? Sa i wedi penderfynu eto. (Rwyt) tin crynu fel deilen. Mae rheswm arall am hynny mae Ffred wedi gofyn i fi ei briodi fe. Beth (w)nei di? Does dim llawer o ddewis da fi, oes e?

Geirfa llawer rhagor bisgen (b) bisgedi pasio (pasi-) nl tegell berwi (berw-) gwan cryf rhoir gorau i penderfynu (penderfyn-) swydd (b) crynu (cryn-) deilen (b) (dail) rheswm dros hynny dewis rhoi benthyg (i)

lots more biscuit biscuits to pass to fetch kettle to boil

- weak - strong - to give up - to decide - job - to shake leaf (leaves) reason [for] that choice to lend

Mair: Sandra:

55

cael benthyg hen ddigon

- to borrow (more enough

than)

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 18 Gorffennwch: 1. Oes digon o _______________ yma? (milk) 2. Mae digon o _______________ yma. (tea) 3. Does dim digon o _____________ yma. (biscuits) 4. Wyt tin _____________________ llaeth? 5. Wnei _____________ nl un i fi? 6. Rwyt tin _____________ fel deilen. 7. Wyt tin mynd i roir __________ir swydd te? 8. Mae _____________ ddigon o laeth yma. Cyfieithwch: 1. What will you do? (ti) 2. Fred has asked me to marry him. 3. Are you going to give up the job? 4. Youre shaking like a leaf. 5. Has the kettle boiled? 6. Will you fetch one for me? 7. Too much coffee. 8. They havent arrived 9. Theres (more than) enough coffee here. 10. Do you take sugar?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Do not use n / yn with the wedi pattern. 2. Yn Saesneg, No coffee for me; yn Gymraeg, Dim coffi i fi.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Un Deg Naw Siarad am y cwrs Ers faint Cymraeg? dych chin dysgu How long have you been learning
Welsh?

Dw in dysgu Cymraeg mis Medi ers blwyddyn dwy flynedd sbel Dw in gwneud cwrs wlpan yn Llambed Dyn nin dod ir coleg bedwar bore yr wythnos Mae pymtheg o bobol yn y dosbarth _____________ yw enwr tiwtor Beth dych chin (ei) feddwl or cwrs? Maer yn cwrs dda anodd _wych anobeithiol Pam dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? Dw moyn i siarad r bobol drws nesa helpur plant yn yr ysgol swydd deall S4C Geirfa ers wythnos (b) cariad perffaith cyfoethog mis blwyddyn (b) dwy flynedd anodd hawdd gwych anobeithiol Cymro Cymraes (b) Cymry cwrs dwys G(w)randa! since week love perfect rich month year
Why are you learning Welsh? What do you think of the course?

Deialog Tom: Ffred: Tom: Ffred: Tom: Ffred: Ers faint (rwyt) tin nabod Sandra? Ers chwech wythnos nawr. Dim ond chwech wythnos. A (rwyt) ti moyn (ei) phriodi hi! Ydw. Dyn ni mewn cariad. (Wyt) tin sir? G(w)randa, mae hin berffaith. Mae hin gyfoethog, ac yn siarad Cymraeg!

- two years difficult easy excellent hopeless Welshman

- Welshwoman - Welsh people intensive course - Listen! (fam.)

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 19 Cyfieithwch: 1. For (since) six weeks. 2. Since when have you been learning Welsh? 3. I want to speak to the people next door. 4. The course is hopeless. 5. We come to the college four mornings a week. 6. I (have been) learning Welsh for two years. 7. Why are you learning Welsh? 8. Were in love. Gorffennwch y ddeialog: A. ______________________________________________________ B. Yn Felin-fach? Dw in byw yma ers blwyddyn nawr. A. ______________________________________________________ B. Ron in byw yn Essex, mewn pentre bach or enw Southsand. A. ______________________________________________________ B. Ydw! Ron in byw drws nesa iddi hi!

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Questions / sentences after ers ..? are usually in the present tense. 2. The rule after yn is: Nouns and adjectives are mutated, verbs are not: e.e. Mae Ffred yn dda; but: Mae Ffred yn mynd 3. Remember these five: blwyddyn; dwy flynedd; tair blynedd; pedair blynedd; pum mlynedd

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Trafod teithio - Discussing travel Sut daethoch chi ir dosbarth y bore ma? Sut dest ti Des i yma yn y car I came in the car Des i yma ar y bws Des i yma gyda ____________ Cerddes i fel arfer Ddaeth e ir cyfarfod? Ddaeth e ir parti? Ddaeth hi ir dosbarth? Ddaeth hi ir wers? Do / Naddo Daethon Daethon Daethon Daethon
Did he come to the meeting? How did you come to class this morning?

Yes / No

Des i yma yn nghar i!

We came here early

ni yma yn gynnar nhw yma yn gynnar ni yma yng nghar Ffred nhw yma yng nghar Sandra

Ddest ti r parsel? Did you bring the parcel? Ddest ti r llythyr? Ddest ti fe? Ddest ti r siec? Do / Naddo

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Ble (rwyt) ti wedi bod? Maen flin da fi. Des i yma cyn gynted phosib. Gorffennodd y dosbarth dros awr yn l. Dw in gwybod. Torrodd y car i lawr. Sut dest ti yma te? Ces i lifft gyda Myfanwy. Pwy yw hi? Hi yw nhiwtor Cymraeg i.

Geirfa teithio (teithi-) cerdded (cerdd-) cyfarfod gwers (b) dod (TLl) siec (b) cyn gynted phosib oriau torri i lawr parsel cynnar

- to travel - to walk meeting lesson to bring cheque

- as soon as possible - hours - to break - parcel - early

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 20 Gorffennwch: 1. Sut _________________ ti ir coleg? 2. Cerddes ______ fel arfer. 3. ________________ e ir cyfarfod? 4. ________________ hi ddim ir cyfarfod. 5. Ddest ti __________ r llythyr? 6. ______________ nin gynnar. Cyfieithwch: 1. I know. 2. Where have you been? 3. I came here as soon as possible. 4. We came here in Freds car. 5. Did you bring it? 6. Did she come to the meeting? 7. I walked, as usual. 8. Since when have you been learning Welsh? 9. They came here early. 10. How did you come to the class tonight?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The past tense of dod: des i dest ti daeth e / hi daethon ni daethoch chi daethon nhw 2. dod = to bring; mynd = to take I came you came he / she came we came you came they came

62

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Un Mynegi rheidrwydd Expressing obligation (Mae) rhaid i fi fynd Rhaid i fi adael Rhaid i fi gyrraedd Rhaid i fi fod yn ofalus (Doe)s dim rhaid i ti fynd (Doe)s dim rhaid i ti adael (Doe)s dim rhaid i ti ddod (Doe)s dim rhaid i ti feddwl Oes rhaid Oes rhaid i Oes rhaid i Oes rhaid i i ti fynd? ti adael nawr? ti ddod hi? ti gyrraedd cyn un?
Ive got to go

You havent got to go

Have you got to go?

Rhaid i fi beidio cyrraedd yn hwyr I mustnt arrive late Rhaid i fi beidio siarad Saesneg Rhaid i fi beidio smocio Rhaid i Sandra fod yn ofalus Rhaid iddo fe fod yn ofalus Rhaid iddi hi fod yn ofalus Rhaid iddyn nhw fod yn ofalus Bydd rhaid i ni adael Roedd rhaid i ni adael
Sandra must be careful

We will have to leave

Deialog

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Pam na ddest ti ir Llew Du neithiwr? Maen flin da fi. Roedd rhaid i fi gwrdd Mair yn y dre. (Wyt) tin gallu dod am gwpaned o de nawr te? Na(c y ) dw. Rhaid i fi fod yn l yn y gwaith erbyn dau or gloch. Beth am swper heno, tua saith or gloch? Wel, bydd rhaid i fi olchi ngwallt heno, ond galla i ddod draw wedyn falle.

Geirfa gadael (gadaw-) gofalus peidio (peidi-) erbyn draw galla i (TM) pam na TM) + verb gwych

- to leave - careful - to refrain from

- by (time) - over - Ill be able to (TLl; - why didnt ... / dont ... - splendid

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Rhaid i fi beidio anghofio 63

Gwaith Cartre Uned 21 Gorffennwch: 1. _______________ rhaid i fi adael yfory. 2. Rhaid i ti __________________ yn ofalus. 3. Roedd rhaid i fi gwrdd __________ Ffred yn y dre. 4. Rhaid ___________ Ffred adael. 5. Does dim rhaid _____________ hi adael. 6. Pam ______ ddest ti ir Llew Du neithiwr? 7. Galla i ______________ draw wedyn. 8. Rhaid iddyn ________ fod yn ofalus. Cyfieithwch 1. Why didnt you come to the college yesterday? 2. Ill have to wash my hair. 3. I had to leave. 4. I will have to leave. 5. I dont have to leave. 6. I must not leave. 7. Do you have to go? 8. Ill be able to come over after(wards).

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Y treiglad ar l patrymau i: e.e. Rhaid i fi fynd i fi i ti iddo fe / iddi hi i ni i chi iddyn nhw

2. Sometimes, an / ag is put after peidio it is slightly more formal, and causes a Treiglad Llaes, e.e. Rhaid i fi beidio chyrraedd yn hwyr.

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SESIWN ADOLYGU (rhwng Uned 21 ac Uned 22)

Ymarferion
Ydych chi wedi bod yn America erioed? Ydw, dw i wedi bod yn Chicago Ydych chi wedi darllen llyfr gan Dickens erioed? Ydw, dw i wedi darllen Oliver Twist Ydych chi wedi gweld Gladiator erioed? Nac ydw, sa i wedi gweld Gladiator Sut dych chin lico eich coffi? Llaeth, dim siwgwr. Ers faint dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? Dw in dysgu Cymraeg ers mis Medi Beth dych chin ei feddwl or cwrs? Mae en wych. Pam dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? Dw i moyn helpur plant yn yr ysgol Sut ddaethoch chi ir dosbarth heno? Des i yng nghar Ffred.

Gwrandewch ar y tp a rhowch yr wybodaeth iawn yn y grid. Fydd dim rhaid i chi ddeall popeth. Listen to the tape and put the correct information in the grid. You wont need to understand everything! I bwy? Neges 1 Neges 2 Neges 3 I wneud beth? Pryd? Rhif ffn

Deialog (Rhowch y ddeialog yn y drefn iawn) A. A. A. A. B. B. B. B. Ydy wyth or gloch yn iawn? Na fydd. Mae digon yma yn barod. Wnewch chi ddod draw nos Wener? Ydyn. Mae popeth yn barod. Gwelwn ni chi nos Wener te. Ydy, ir dim. Ydych chi wedi gorffen symud? Os gallwn ni. Gwych. Fydd rhaid i ni ddod gwin?

Tasg Ysgrifennwch beth oedd rhaid i chi wneud yr wythnos diwetha: Write what you had to do last week:

Dydd Llun: Dydd Mawrth: Dydd Mercher: Dydd Iau: Dydd Gwener:

Roedd rhaid i fi _____________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

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Gwaith Cartre Sesiwn Adolygu (rhwng Uned 21 ac Uned 22) Ysgrifennwch yr atebion ir cwestiynau yma: Write the answers to these questions: 1. Ers faint dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Be dych chin ei feddwl or tiwtor? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Pam dych chin dysgu Cymraeg? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Ydych chi wedi gweld ffilm gan Steven Spielberg erioed? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Ble gweloch chir ffilm? ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Ydych chi wedi bod yn Ffrainc erioed? ___________________________________________________________________ 7. Ble aethoch chi? ___________________________________________________________________ 8. Sut daethoch chi adre neithiwr? ___________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio:
1. Learners often mix up wedi (perfect) with the past tense. Remember the distinction: wedi if there is a have ... or has ... in the sentence, e.g. I have seen; use the simple past if you did something (see Atodiad 1, pp 151-159). Simple Past gweles i gwelest ti gwelodd e / hi gwelon ni gweloch chi gwelon nhw Present Perfect I saw dw i wedi gweld I have seen (lit: I am after going) you saw rwyt ti wedi gweld you have seen he / she saw mae e / hi wedi gweld he / she has seen we saw dyn ni wedi gweld we have seen you saw dych chi wedi gweld you have seen they saw maen nhw wedi gweld they have seen

66

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Dau Cyn ac Ar l Before and After Cyn codi or gwely Cyn cael brecwast Ar l dod ir coleg Ar l cyrraedd y dosbarth Cyn i fi gael brecwast Cyn i Ffred gael brecwast Cyn iddo fe gael brecwast Cyn iddi hi gael brecwast Ar l i fi fod yn y dre Ar l i ti fod yn y dre Ar l iddo fe fod yn y dre Ar l iddi hi fod yn y dre Ar l i ni fod yn y dre Ar l i chi fod yn y dre Ar l iddyn nhw fod yn y dre Nes i chi fynd Wrth i chi fynd Erbyn i chi fynd Ers i chi fynd Ar l i fi ymolchi, ces i frecwast. Ar l i fi gael brecwast, es i ir ysgol

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Cyn i ti adael, dw i moyn ateb. Ond, Ffred ... Sa i moyn esgusodion. Rhaid i fi gael gwybod heddi. Wel, ers i ti ofyn, dw i wedi bod yn poeni. Poeni am beth? Dim ond (Gw)naf neu na (w)naf sy eisiau. Ond Ffred roedd rhaid i ti gael gwybod yn hwyr neun hwyrach - dw in briod yn barod.

Geirfa cyn cyn mynd cyn i fi fynd ar l ar l i fi fynd nes / tan wrth erbyn esgus ers ateb (ateb-) priod yn hwyr hwyrach

before before going before I go / went after after I go / went until as / whilst by (the time that) excuse since (to) answer

Sandra:

- married neun - sooner or later

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 22 Cyfieithwch: 1. Im already married 2. I must (get to) know today 3. Until she goes 4. Until she went 5. After Ffred made supper 6. I dont want excuses 7. Before I have breakfast 8. After they leave Codi or gwely Cael brecwast Mynd ir gwaith Cael coffi Darllen y papur Mynd i gyfarfod Ffonior wraig Gweld y bos Cyrraedd adre Ysgrifennwch frawddegau olynol gan ddefnyddior uchod: Write sequential sentences using the above: e.e. Ar l i fi godi or gwely, ces i frecwast. Ar l i fi gael brecwast ...

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Using the i pattern after ar l, cyn, wrth, nes, ers, etc. can translate into the past or present, e.e. ar l i fi fynd: (after I went / after I go).

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Tri Disgrifio rhywun / Describing someone Dyn yw e? Menyw yw hi? Richard Burton yw e? Ie / Nage Mae en dew Mae hin denau Mae en dal Mae hin fyr Mae en olygus Mae hin bert Mae en salw Ydy en ..? Ydy hin ..? Oes gwallt golau da fe? Oes gwallt tywyll da fe? Oes gwallt cyrliog da fe? Oes hat da hi? Oes clust-dlysau da hi?
Has he got fair hair?

Is it a man?

He / its fat

Coffi yw e?

Beth yw lliw ei wallt e? Whats the colour of his hair? Beth yw lliw ei gwallt hi? Beth yw lliw ei lygaid e? Beth yw lliw ei llygaid hi? Dw in meddwl taw Tony Blair yw e Dw in meddwl taw Madonna yw hi
I think its Richard Burton

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Pwy ywr gr ma? Ydw in (ei) nabod e? Nac wyt. Mae en dod o Loegr. Gordon yw ei enw e. Cymro yw e? Nage. So fen gallu siarad yr iaith. Ydy en dal, yn olygus, ac yn gyfoethog te? Ydy. Ond mae problem da fi. Beth syn dy boeni di? Dw in dy garu di!

Geirfa disgrifio (disgrifi-) dyn menyw (b) tew tenau tal byr golygus pert salw golau tywyll clust-dlws clust-dlysau lliw caru (car-) dyma ... (TM)

to describe - man - woman - fat - thin - tall - short handsome - pretty - ugly fair dark ear-ring ear-rings colour to love here is ...

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 23 Cyfieithwch: 1. I think that its Tony Blair. 2. Shes got curly hair. 3. Hes got brown eyes. 4. What is the colour of his hair? 5. Has he got spectacles? 6. Shes short. 7. Hes fat. 8. Is it a woman? Disgrifiwch ddau berson or dosbarth e.e. Dyma Phil. Mae en denau, mae en olygus; mae gwallt brown golau da fe; mae en byw ar bwys Llambed.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mai (that) is sometimes used instead of taw. 2. TM with adjectives (describing words) after yn = Mae en dal; Mae hin fyr.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Pedwar Gorchymyn Giving commands (W)n ei di gymwynas fi? (W)nei di rywbeth drosta i? (W)nei di fy helpu i? (W)nei di ddweud hynny eto? (Gw)naf / Na (w)naf Esgusodwch fi! Cofiwch! Anghofiwch am y peth! Edrychwch! Dewch i mewn! Cerwch! Rhowch ..! Trowch ..! (Ei)steddwch!
Will you do me a favour?

Yes, I will / No, I wont Excuse me! Remember! Forget about it! Look! Come in! Go! Give ..! Turn ..! Sit!

Esgusoda fi! Cofia! Anghofia am peth! Edrych! Dere i mewn! Cer! Dere ..! Tro ..! Ishte!

Paid poeni Dont worry! Paid codi Paid anghofio Paid bod yn hwyr Paid bod yn dwp Peidiwch ..! Bydd yn dawel! Be quiet! Bydd yn ofalus! Byddwch yn onest! Byddwch yn amyneddgar!

Byddwch yn amyneddgar !

Cerwch mas or ffordd!

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Aros funud! Beth ywr broblem! Stopiar car! Beth syn bod? (Wyt) tin sl? Na(c y)dw. Fydda i ddim yn hir. Rhaid i ni fod yn l cyn amser swper, cofia. (W)nei di aros am munud i fi gael ffonio Gordon? Paid bod yn hir, cariad. bum

Geirfa cymwynas (b) cofio (cofi-) twp fydda i ddim tawel amyneddgar gonest hir esgusodi (esgusod-) drosta i

favour to remember stupid I will not be quiet patient honest long to excuse

- over me i.e. behalf on my

Sandra:

Ffred:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 24 Gorffennwch: 1. ____________________ chi agor y ffenest? 2. _____________________ di agor y ffenest? 3. Wnewch chi gymwynas _________ fi? 4. Anghofia ___________y peth. 5. Peidiwch bod _________ dwp. 6. Fydda i __________ yn hir. 7. Rhaid ________ ni gyrraedd Caerfyrddin. 8. _________________ funud! 9. Byddwch _________ amyneddgar 10. ________________ rhaid i ti fynd?

Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: Think of appropriate commands: 1. Mae hin dwym yma 2. Sa in deall 3. Maer ffilm ar y teledu 4. Does dim arian da fi 5. Dw i wedi blino cerdded 6. Mae Oxfam yma! 1. Agorwch y ffenest! 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ 6. _____________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The endings for the regular commands are -a (ti) and -wch (chi), e.e. Anghofia am y peth, Cerddwch! There are several irregular ones, especially with the ti forms (see Atodiad 1, pp 160-161). 2. Remember not to mutate after Peidiwch and Paid.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Pump Cwyno - Complaining Sa in gallu (ei) weld e Sa in gallu (ei) glywed e Sa in gallu (ei) gario fe Sa in gallu (ei) ddeall e Sa in gallu (ei) fforddio fe Beth ywr broblem? Mae Mae Mae Mae Mae en en en en en rhy rhy rhy rhy rhy fach dawel anodd drwm ddrud
I cant see him / it

Whats the problem? Its too small

Beth dych chi moyn i fi (ei) wneud? What do you want me to do? Beth dych chin disgwyl i fi (ei) wneud? What do you expect me to do? So hwn yn gweithio This (one) doesnt work So hwn yn recordio So hwn yn ffitio So hwn yn iawn Allwch chi (ei) newid e? Allwch chi (ei) drwsio fe? Allwch chi (ei) droi fe i lawr? Allwch chi (ei) symud e? Galla / Na alla
Can you change it?

Yes, I can / No, I cant

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:
(Wyt) tin barod eto? Fydda i ddim dwy funud Gwisga dy got - mae hin oer iawn heno. Sa in gallu (ei) ffindio hi. (Doe)s dim ots, dw in barod i fynd. Or diwedd. (Wyt) ti wedi rhoir gath mas? Ydw. (Wyt) ti wedi caur drws cefn? Ydw. Ydyr tocynnau da ti? Aros funud! So nhw da fi! Ble maen nhw te? Ym mhoced nghot i!

Geirfa cario (cari-) trwm drud cyngerdd or diwedd gwisgo (gwisg-) drws cefn tocyn cot (b) poced (b) trwsio ffitio (ffiti-) recordio (recordi-) ffindio (ffindi-) disgwyl (disgwyli-) cath (b)

- to carry - heavy expensive - concert - at last - to wear backdoor - ticket - coat - pocket - to fix - to fit - to record - to find to expect - cat

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 25 Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: A. Mae en rhy ddrud A. Maer bwyd yn ofnadwy A. Maer wisgi yman ofnadwy A. Gair anodd yw celfyddydau B. Sa in gallu ei fforddio fe B. ___________________________ B. ___________________________ B. ___________________________ B. ___________________________

A. Mae Finnegans Wake yn anodd iawn. A. Mae bil y siopwraig yn fawr. A. Maer cwestiynaun amhosib. Gorffennwch y ddeialog:

B. ___________________________ B. ___________________________

A. __________________________________________________________________ B. Prynhawn da, madam. Beth syn bod? A. __________________________________________________________________ B. Ble gweloch chi eich mab ddiwetha? A. __________________________________________________________________ B. Beth roedd en ei wisgo? A. __________________________________________________________________ B. Ai enw e, madam? A. _________________________________________________________________ B. Iawn. Arhoswch yma.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The rules for letter changes caused by pronouns (fy, dy, ei, etc.) are the same for nouns and verbs: e.e. ei phen hi (her head), ei chlywed hi (to hear / hearing her) 2. In questions like: Beth yw e?, the e can mean it.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Chwech Gofyn caniatd Asking permission Ga i lifft, os gwelwch chin dda? Ga i un i Ffred, os gwelwch chin dda? Ga i goffi? Ga i daflen waith arall? Cei / Na chei
Cewch / Na chewch May I have a lift, please?

Yes, you may / No, you may not

Ga i

ddefnyddior ffn? fenthyg pum punt? eich helpu chi? eich poeni chi? eich gweld chi?

Ga i lifft?

Gawn ni fynd? Cawn / Na chawn Geith e/hi fynd? Ceith / Na cheith Gn nhw fynd? Cn / Na chn

May we go?

May he go?

May they go?

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:
Ga i fenthyg dwy bunt? Cei, wrth gwrs. I beth? I brynu rhywbeth i yfed. Dere hanner i fi. Beth am rywbeth i fwyta? Dim diolch. Dim ond meddwl am dy fol rwyt ti. Ond chawn ni ddim byd i fwyta nes ar l y cyngerdd. Cei di ddigon o fwyd nes ymlaen yn y Golden Wok. (Rwyt) tin iawn, cariad. Dau lager amdani te. A phaid bod yn hir maer cyngerdd bron dechrau.

Geirfa taflen (b) defnyddio (defnyddi-) poeni nes ymlaen hir amdani dau lager amdani Ga i fenthyg? I beth?

- sheet - to use - to trouble / bother - later on - long - lit. for it / her - two lagers it is - May I borrow? - What for?

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 26 Cyfieithwch: 1. May I have one for Tom? 2. May I use the phone? Yes. 3. May we go? 4. May I see you for a minute? 5. Bring me a half. 6. Its only about your belly you think. 7. Youll get enough food later on in the restaurant. 8. Dont be too long. 9. Its too expensive 10. I cant buy it. 11. Youre right, love. 12. May we go?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Ga i ..? = May I ..? / May I have ..? Cael can also mean to get / receive or to be allowed to.

2. The response to Ga i ..? is: Cei / Na chei (to a spouse / close friend / child / pet); Cewch / Na chewch (to anyone else or more than one person).

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Saith Sawl ..?, Faint o ..? / How many ..?, How Much ..? Faint sy da chi? Faint yw hwn / hon / rhain? Punt yr un Dwy bunt yr un Tair punt yr un Pedair punt yr un Sawl gwaith buoch chi? Dim ond unwaith Dim ond dwywaith Dim ond tair gwaith Sawl gwaith Sawl car sy da chi? Sawl brawd sy da chi? Sawl chwaer sy da chi? Sawl plentyn sy da chi?
How much have you got? How much is this one / these? A pound each

How many times did you go (where you there)? Only once

How many cars have you got?

Faint o amynedd sy da chi? How much patience have you got? Faint o amser sy da chi? Faint o siwgwr sy da chi? Faint o blant sy da chi?
Deialog Ffred: Faint ywr Chablis, os gwelwch chin dda? Saith punt y botel syr. Gawn ni weld y fwydlen? Cewch. Arhoswch funud, syr. Faint ywr stc? Naw punt, hanner can ceiniog. Tamed bach yn rhy ddrud i ni. Maer pysgod yn dda iawn heno. Iawn. Dim ond pedair punt hefyd. Rhesymol dros ben. Bydd en barod mewn chwarter awr, syr.

Geirfa yr un bwydlen (b) sawl ..?

Gweinydd : Ffred: Gweinydd : Ffred: Gweinydd : Ffred: Gweinydd : Ffred: Gweinydd :

- each - menu - how many ..? / many faint o ..(TM)? - how much ..? potel (b) - bottle pwys hwn hon rhain benywaidd gwrywaidd rhesymol dros ben brodyr chwiorydd dynion gweinydd dosbarthiada u t (tai) amynedd
78

- pound (weight) - this one (masc.) - this one (fem.) - these - feminine - masculine - reasonable - extremely - brothers sisters men waiter classes

- house(s) - patience

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 27 Gorffennwch: 1. Pum punt ___________ un 2. Os gwelwch chin ___________. 3. Dim ond _______________ (x 2) 4. ________________ ni weld y fwydlen? 5. ___________________ (Aros) funud, syr! 6. Rhesymol ________________ ben. 7. ___________ en barod mewn chwarter awr. 8. Faint ywr _______________? (these)

Cyfieithwch (mae dau ateb i bob cwestiwn): 1. How many questions? 2. How many sons? 3. How many men? 4. How many fish? 5. How many houses? 6. How many brothers? 7. How many classes? 8. How many hours? Sawl cwestiwn? Faint o gwestiynau?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Sawl + [singular noun] Faint o + [TM + plural noun]

2. Yn Saesneg: five pounds a quarter; yn Gymraeg: five pounds the pound: pum punt y pwys.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Wyth Trafod y dyfodol Discussing the future Gwela i chi yfory Ill see you tomorrow Ffonia i chi yfory Helpa i chi yfory Dweda i wrthoch chi yfory Gwelith e chi Ffonith e chi Helpith e chi Dwedith e wrthoch chi Anghofia i ddim Anghofith e ddim Anghofith hi ddim Anghofiwn ni ddim Anghofian nhw ddim Ddysga i byth Ddysgi di byth Ddysgwch chi byth Ddysgan nhw byth
Hell see you

I wont forget

Ill never learn

Gwela i chi yfory

Deialog

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Dw in mynd i ffwrdd dros y penwythnos Ble (rwyt) tin mynd? I Nant Gwrtheyrn ar daith gydar dosbarth Cymraeg. Beth dych chin mynd i (w)neud yn Nant Gwrtheyrn? Dyn nin mynd i ymarfer ein Cymraeg trwyr dydd. Bydd rhaid i chi fynd mas i fwynhauch hunain yn y nos. Bydd, sir o fod. Dweda i wrthot ti ar l dod yn l.

Geirfa dweud (wrth) (TM) taith (b) i ffwrdd eich hunain dy hunan trwyr dydd anghofio (anghofi-)

- to tell - journey / trip - away - yourselves yourself (fam) - all day - to forget

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 28 Gorffennwch: 1. Gwela _____ chi yfory. 2. Dweda i _______________ chi yfory. 3. ___________________ (anghofio) nhw ddim. 4. _________________ (dysgu) di byth. 5. Dw in mynd _______________ dros y penwythnos. 6. Dyn nin mynd i __________________ ein Cymraeg trwyr dydd. 7. ___________________ en barod mewn awr. Cyfieithwch: 1. See you next week then. 2. Ill tell you tomorrow. 3. She wont forget. 4. Theyll never learn. 5. On a trip with the Welsh class. 6. What will you do in Aberystwyth? 7. May we see the menu? 8. Youll have to go out to enjoy yourselves. 9. Hell help you. 10. Shell telephone tomorrow.

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SESIWN ADOLYGU (rhwng Uned 28 a 29)

Ymarferion Faint o frodyr / chwiorydd sy da chi? Faint o blant sy da chi? Disgrifiwch eich tiwtor: Ydy e / hin dal neun fyr? Ydy e / hin olygus / bert neun salw? Oes gwallt cyrliog neu syth da fe / hi? Beth wnaethoch chi y bore yma ar l codi? Mae ... brawd / chwaer da fi. Mae ... o blant da fi. Mae e / hin ... Mae e / hin ... Mae gwallt ... da fe / hi. Ar l i fi godi ...

Gwrandewch ar y tp a rhowch yr wybodaeth iawn yn y grid. Fydd ddim rhaid i chi ddeall popeth! Listen to the tape and put the correct information in the grid. You wont need to understand everything! Enw Person 1 Person 2 Person 3 Gwaith Teulu Golwg

Rhowch y ddeialog yma yn y drefn iawn: Put this dialogue in the right order: A. A. A. A. B. B. B. B. Doedd dim trn neithiwr am saith. Sut gallwch chi fod mor sir? Ar l i chi adael yr orsaf, beth wnaethoch chi? Pryd cyrhaeddoch chir dre neithiwr? Am saith or gloch ar ei ben. Ces i dacsi lan ir coleg. Oedd, wir. Des i ar y trn.

Ysgrifennwch bum (5) brawddeg yn disgrifio eich hunan: 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________________ Cymerwch ddisgrifiad eich partner ai ddisgrifio ir dosbarth. Take your partners self description, and describe him / her to the class.

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Gwaith Cartre (Sesiwn Adolygu - rhwng Uned 28 a 29) Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Ydych chin cael brecwast ar l codi fel arfer? ________________________________________________________________ 2. Beth dych chin ei wneud ar l cyrraedd adre or dosbarth fel arfer? ________________________________________________________________ 3. Ydych chin hoffi cerddoriaeth heavy metal? Pam? ________________________________________________________________ 4. Faint o ystafelloedd sy yn eich t chi? ________________________________________________________________ 5. Faint costiodd eich car chi? ________________________________________________________________ 6. Tua faint mae tato yn eu costio ar hyn o bryd? ________________________________________________________________ 7. Ble roch chin gweithio ar l i chi adael yr ysgol / coleg? ________________________________________________________________ 8. Sawl gwaith dych chi wedi bod yn Iwerddon (Ireland)? ________________________________________________________________
Pwyntiau iw cofio: Dyma enghraifft or dyfodol syml ar dyfodol amherffaith: Here is an example of the simple future and the future imperfect:
helpa i helpi di helpith e / hi helpith y plant helping helpwn ni helpwch chi helpan nhw
Simple Future

I will help you will help he / she will help the children will help we will help you will help they will help

Future Imperfect

bydda in helpu byddi di n helpu bydd e / hin helpu bydd y plant yn helpu

I will be helping you will be helping he / she will be helping the children will be

byddwn nin helpu we will be helping byddwch chin helpu you will be helping byddan nhwn helpu they will be helping

(Gw. Atodiad 1, t. 155, 159.) 2. There is a subtle difference in meaning between the simple future and the future imperfect: Bydda in helpu = I will be helping (but theres a little doubt in my mind) Helpa i = I will help (definitely!)

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Dau Ddeg Naw Trafod cynlluniau Discussing plans Bydda i yma Bydda i gartre Fydda i ddim yn l Fydda i ddim yng Nghaerfyrddin
Ill be here

Fyddwch chi yma (y)fory? Will you be here tomorrow? Fyddwch chi gartre (y)fory? Fyddi di yn l (y)fory? Fyddi di yng Nghaerfyrddin (y)fory? Bydda / Na fydda Yes, I will be / No, I wont be Pryd bydd en dod? When will he be coming? Pryd bydd en cyrraedd? Pryd bydd hin gadael? Pryd bydd hin symud? Bydd e yma erbyn chwech Bydd e yno erbyn chwech Bydd hin gadael yfory Bydd hin symud yfory
He will be here by six

Bydda in enwog I will be famous Bydda in gyfoethog Fydda i byth yn enwog Fydda i byth yn gyfoethog

Bydda in gyfoethog un diwrnod

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Faint or gloch byddi din l nos Sul? Tua hanner awr wedi pump sir o fod. Fydd amser da ti i alw heibio? Bydd, gobeithio. Os na fyddwn nin rhy hwyr. Gobeithio y cewch chi amser da ar y cwrs. Dyn nin bownd o gael hwyl. Paid gwneud dim byd y byddi din difaru (ei) (w)neud! Fi? Byth!

Geirfa enwog galw bownd o (TM) difaru byth dyfodol gorffennol

- famous - to call - bound to to regret never future past

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

cyfoethog byddar os na fyddwn ni yma (ma) yno

- rich - deaf - if we wont be - here - there (not in sight)

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 29 Gorffennwch: 1. _________________________ chi yma yfory? 2. Pryd ___________________ hin cyrraedd? 3. Fydda i ___________________ yn gyfoethog. 4. Faint or _____________ byddi din l nos Sul? 5. ________________ amser da ti i alw heibio yfory? 6. Wnei ______________ ofyn i fi eto yn y bore? 7. Dweda i __________________ chi yfory. 8. Fyddwch chi ______________ Nghaerdydd yfory? Cyfieithwch: 1. Is it masculine or feminine? 2. Dont do anything youll regret doing. 3. Hope you have a good time. 4. If were not too late. 5. Will you have time to call by? 6. When will she be leaving? 7. I will not be at home. 8. Will you be here tomorrow (chi) ?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mae ti yn troin di yn y dyfodol (ti becomes di in the future), e.e. Ddysgu di byth, Fyddi di yna?

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Pwysleisio / Emphasising Mae Ffred yn siarad (niwtral) Mae Ffred yn glanhaur t Mae Ffred yn gofalu am y plant Mae Ffred yn coginio heno Mae Sandra yn gwisgor trowseri Ie / Nage Pwy syn ____________ yn (eich) t chi? Y gr syn gweithion galed Y gr syn talur morgais Y wraig syn stilo Y wraig syn halar arian Faint o arian sy da chi? Dim ond punt sy da fi Dim ond hanner can ceiniog sy da fi Dim ond pum punt sy da fi Dim ond dwy bunt sy da fi Faint o blant sy da chi? Un mab sy da ni Dau fab sy da ni Un ferch sy da ni Dwy ferch sy da ni Dw Dw Dw Dw in in in in nabod nabod nabod nabod rhywun rhywun rhywun rhywun syn syn syn syn gweithio mewn banc byw yng Nghaerfyrddin eich nabod chi dod ar y cwrs
Geirfa sy pwysleisio (pwysleisi-) pwyslais niwtral trowseri caled morgais hala (hal-) glanhau (glanheu-) smwddio (smwddi-) ar y chwith ar y dde yn y canol pa un ..? diddorol cyffrous croeson l mwynhau (mwynhe-)

Ffred syn siarad (pwyslais) Ffred syn glanhaur t Ffred syn gofalu am y plant Ffred syn coginio heno Sandra syn gwisgor trowseri

Dw in nabod rhywun syn gweithio mewn banc!

Deialog

(ar y ffn)

- who / which is / are - to emphasise emphasis neutral trousers hard mortgage to spend to clean to iron (clothes) on the left on the right in the middle which one ..? interesting exciting welcome back to enjoy

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Ffred: Sandra:

Sut mae! Ffred syn siarad. Croeson l! Sut roedd y cwrs? Roedd y cwrs yn ddiddorol. Fwynhe-est ti te? Do, wir. Dysges i lot o bethau. Fel beth? O ... so ti moyn gwybod hynny. Paid poeni. Mae ffrind da fi sy yn yr un dosbarth ti. Gofynna i iddi hi. Pwy yw hi te? O so ti moyn gwybod hynny!

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 30 Gorffennwch: 1. Ffred ____________________ siarad. 2. Mae Ffred ________________ siarad. 3. ___________________ syn siarad? 4. Y gr syn __________________ morgais. 5. Y wraig syn __________________ llestri. 6. Dim ___________________ punt sy da fi. 7. Faint o blant _____________ da chi? 8. ________________ dau o blant da ni. Cyfieithwch: 1. I know someone who lives in Machynlleth. 2. You dont want to know that. 3. I have a friend whos in the same class as you. 4. I learnt a lot of things. 5. I know someone who knows you. 6. Weve got two sons. 7. Ive only got two pounds. 8. The wife does the ironing. 9. The husband pays the mortgage. 10. Its Fred speaking.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. sy can mean who is or who are. DO NOT use pwy in this context: Dymar tiwtor syn dysgu (Heres the tutor who is teaching) Pwy ywr dynion syn siarad? (Who are the men who are speaking?) (Gw. Atodiad 1, t. 156.)

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Un Mynd yn y dyfodol To go in the future A i i ofyn A i i weld A i cyn bo hir A i mewn munud Eith e ddim yn l Eith e ddim yn gynnar Eith hi ddim ir gwaith Eith hi ddim ir coleg Pryd ewch chi? Ble ewch chi? Sut ei di? Faint or gloch ei di? Ydych chin credu eith e? Ydych chin credu eith hi? Ydych chin credu awn ni? Ydych chin credu ewch chi? Ydych chin credu n nhw?
Ill go and ask

He wont go back

When will you go?

Do you think hell go?

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ble ei di nawr? Adre, at (fy) annwyl r. Bydd rhaid i ti ddweud wrtho fe rhywbryd. Wrth Gordon? Dyn a yr beth fydd en (ei) (w)neud. Mae en sir o sylweddoli cyn bo hir. Ydy, ond dw i ddim moyn torri ei galon. Gorau po gynta i ti ddweud felly. Maen sir dy fod din iawn.

Geirfa annwyl (TM) rhywbryd Dyn a yr sylweddoli (sylweddol-) calon (b) gorau gynta dy fod di

dear sometime God knows to realise

- heart po - the sooner better - that you are

the

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 31 Gorffennwch: 1. _____________________ i i ofyn. 2. A i cyn ___________________ hir. 3. Pryd _____________ chi? 4. Sut _____________ di? 5. Ydych chin credu ____________ nhw? 6. Duw a ____________________ 7. Mae en sir _______________ sylweddoli. 8. Y wraig __________________ gwisgor trowsus yn ein t ni.

Cyfieithwch: 1. Where will you go? 2. He wont go to work. 3. Ill go to see 4. Do you think theyll go? 5. Hes sure to realise before long. 6. Weve got three children. 7. I know someone who knows you. 8. After I go.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: Dymar ferf mynd yn y dyfodol:a i ei di eith e / hi eith y plant awn ni ewch chi n nhw Ill go youll go (fam.) he / shell go the children will go well go youll go theyll go

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Dau Mynegi barn Expressing an opinion
Beth dych chin ei feddwl or rhaglen? What do you think of the programme?

Dw in meddwl ei bod ddoniol hin anodd ddiddorol anobeithi ol Beth och chin ei feddwl or ffilm? What did you think of the film? Ron in meddwl ei bod ddoniol hin anodd ddiddorol anobeithi ol Beth wyt tin ei feddwl or llyfr? Dw in meddwl ei fod gyffrous en hawdd ddiflas _wreiddi ol Wyt tin meddwl (ei) fod en dda?

What do you think of the book?

Do you think its good?

Deialog

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Dw in meddwl (ei) fod en gwybod. Gwybod amdanon ni? Ie. Dwedodd e mod in (ei) dwyllo fe. (Ei) dwyllo fe? Ie. Mae en gwybod (ein) bod nin cwrdd yn y Llew Du. Yn y Llew? Ie. Mae en gwybod taw Ffred yw dy enw di hefyd. Dw in meddwl bod problem da ni.

Geirfa doniol hawdd rhwydd cyffrous gwreiddiol twyllo (twyll-) rhaglen (b) ffilm (b) anodd diddorol anobeithiol

- funny / - easy - exciting - original - to deceive programme - film - difficult - interesting - hopeless

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 32 Cyfieithwch: 1. I think that its interesting. 2. What did you think of the programme? 3. I think that weve got a problem. 4. He said (that) I was deceiving him. 5. I thought it was interesting.

Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: 1. Beth dych chin ei feddwl or ffilm? 1. Dw in meddwl ei bod hin dda 2. Beth ot tin ei feddwl or rhaglen? 3. Beth wyt tin ei feddwl or cwrs? 4. Beth wyt tin ei feddwl o Tony Blair? 5. Beth ot tin ei feddwl or Beatles? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

6. Beth maer dosbarth yn ei feddwl ohonoch chi? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Here are the personal forms of the that clause: (fy) mod i dy fod di (ei) fod e (ei) bod hi bod y plant (ein) bod ni (eich) bod chi (eu) bod nhw that that that that that that that that I am / was you are / were (fam.) he is / was she is / was the children are / were we are / were you are / were they are / were

Remember the prefixed pronouns between brackets above are not usually pronounced in spoken Welsh.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Tri Mynegi barn eto - yn defnyddio bod Expressing an opinion - using the that clause Falle Falle Falle Falle
(ei) bod hin brysur (ei) fod en dost

bod pen tost da hi bod problemau da hi dy fod din iawn mod in iawn (ei) fod en iawn (ei) bod hin iawn

Gobeithi o

Sut maer cwrs yn mynd? Dw in meddwl (ei) fod en hawdd / anodd Sut maer tiwtor? Dw in meddwl (ei) fod en wych / ofnadwy Sut dych chin dod ymlaen? Dw in meddwl mod i wedi gwella / gwaethygu Dwedodd Ffred
(ei) fod e

wedi blino

dy fod di
(eich)

bod

chi fod pawb

Deialo g Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: Sandra : Ffred:

(Wyt) tin sir bod Gordon yn mynd i ffwrdd heno? Ydw. Dwedodd e (ei) fod en mynd am benwythnos cyfan. Gobeithio dy fod din iawn. Gallwn ni fynd i chwarae bowls te. Gallwn dw in edrych ymlaen. Ydy Gordon wedi dweud rhywbeth arall? Na(c y ) dy. Mae en credu (fy) mod in dy helpu di gyda dy Gymraeg! Mae en iawn hefyd. O Ffred! mae hi mor braf mynd mas gyda rhywun syn siarad Cymraeg! 94

Geirfa i ffwrdd gwella (gwell-) gwaethygu (gwaethyg-) mor (TM) prysur / bisi cyfan sl ofnadwy penwythnos perffaith gwych - off / away - to improve - to get worse - so - busy - whole / complete - ill - awful - weekend - perfect - excellent

Sandra : Ffred: Sandra :

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 33 Gorffennwch: 1. Falle ei ______________ hin brysur. 2. Falle ei ____________ en dost. 3. Gobeithio _____________ in iawn. 4. Sut ________________ cwrs yn mynd? 5. Wyt tin credu _______________ Gordon yn mynd i ffwrdd? 6. Dw in _________________ ymlaen at chwarae bowls. 7. Mae hi ____________ braf mynd mas gyda rhywun _________ siarad Cymraeg! 8. Falle __________ problem da nhw. 9. Dw in meddwl _____________ ffarmwr yw e. 10. Beth wyt tin ei ______________ or llyfr? Rhowch Gobeithio o flaen y brawddegau yma: e.e. Mae hin sych = Gobeithio ei bod hin sych 1. Dw in iawn. 2. Maen nhwn brysur. 3. Mae en gweithion galed. 4. Maer cwrs yn hawdd. 5. Maer car da fe. 6. Rwyt tin deall. 7. Ffred yw e. 8 Mercedes sy da fe, nid Porsche.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. When using mor (so), do not use yn, and there is usually a TM, e.g. Mae e mor anodd (Its so difficult) Maen nhw mor dwp (Theyre so stupid)

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Pedwar Geni a Magu Born and Brought up Ble cawsoch chi eich geni? Ble cest di dy eni? Ces Ces Ces Ces i i i i ngeni ngeni ngeni ngeni yng Nghaerfyrddin yng Nghaerdydd yng Nghymru yn Ysbyty Glangwili

Ces i ngeni yn Aberystwyt h ym mis Awst

Pryd *cafodd e ei eni? Pryd cafodd hi ei geni? *Cafodd *Cafodd *Cafodd *Cafodd e ei eni ym mis Chwefror e ei eni ym mis Ionawr hi ei geni ym mis Medi hi ei geni ym mis Mehefin

Ces i ngeni ym Memphis yn 1500 CC

Ces i fy magu yn Llundain *Cafodd e ei fagu yn Llundain *Cafodd hi ei magu yn Llundain Cawson ni ein magu yn Llundain Cawson nhw eu magu yn Llundain

Geirfa geni (gan-) Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: (Nes ymlaen)
Sandra! Allwn ni ddim mynd i chwarae bowls heno! Oes rhywbeth yn bod? Mae Bendigeidfran wedi cael ei fwrw i lawr. Ydy en fyw? Ydy, ond mae e mewn poen ofnadwy. Wyt tin gwybod pwy (w)naeth e? Weles i ddim pwy, ond cafodd e ei daro gan Fiesta coch. Ffred! Fiesta coch sy da Gordon!

magu (mag-) nes ymlaen bwrw i lawr byw (adj.) poen taro (tar-) coch glas ysbyty Llundain

to be born - to bring up - later on - to run over - alive - pain - to strike - red - blue - hospital - London

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* Cofiwch ddweud gth Remember to say gth

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 34 Gorffennwch: 1. ________________ i ngeni ym mis Chwefror. 2. Pryd ________ ti dy eni? 3. Pryd _____________ chi eich geni? 4. Pryd _____________________ e ei eni? 5. Ces i fy magu _______________ Ngogledd Cymru. 6. ______________________ rhywbeth yn bod? 7. Mae e _______________ poen ofnadwy. 8. ___________________ e ei daro ______________ gar. Cyfieithwch: 1. Hes been run over. 2. We wont be able to play bowls. 3. Is he alive? 4. I was born in London. 5. I was brought up in the north of England. 6. When were you born? (ti) 7. I hope Im right. 8. She was paid yesterday. Pwyntiau iw cofio: This uned (unit) is about the passive voice, i.e. something happening to someone or something. Dont be tempted to use roedd instead of the past tense of cael: ces i ngeni cest ti dy eni cafodd e ei eni cafodd hi ei geni cafodd y plant eu geni cawsoch chi eich geni cawson ni ein geni cawson nhw eu geni I was born you were born (fam.) he was born she was born the children were born you were born we were born they were born

Remember that in passive voice, the prefixed pronouns, dy, ei, ein, eich and eu are pronounced before the verb-noun as: dy, i, yn, ych, and i.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Pump Adrodd Newyddion Reporting News Cafodd dyn ei ladd Cafodd bom ei danio Cafodd pris petrol ei godi Cafodd y lleidr ei ddal Cafodd menyw ei lladd Cafodd y ffatri ei chau Cafodd y ffordd osgoi ei hagor Cafodd y ffenest ei thorri Cafodd y protestwyr eu harestio Cafodd dau gant eu diswyddo Cafodd llawer eu lladd Cafodd y plant eu dal
A man was killed

A woman was killed

The protesters were arrested

Dymar bwletin newyddion: Cafodd dyn ei ladd gan lori ddoe wrth groesir M4. Maer heddlu wedi apelio am dystion. Cafodd ffatri arall ei chau yn Ne Cymru heddi. Bydd pum cant o bobol yn colli eu gwaith. Cafodd bom ei danio yn Llundain yn gynnar y bore yma. Dwedodd yr heddlu tawr ALF oedd yn gyfrifol. Ac yn ola, buodd helynt mewn stryd yn Aberystwyth y prynhawn yma. Cafodd dau ddyn eu harestio A dynar newyddion

Geirfa lladd tanio (tani-) lleidr (lladron) dal (dali-) cau (cae-) ffatri (b) lori (b) croesi (croes-) ffordd osgoi (b) torri (torr-) diswyddo protestiwr protestwyr apelio (apeli-) tyst (-ion) cyfrifol helynt yn ola arestio (aresti-)

- to kill - to set off - thief (thieves) - to catch / to hold - to close - factory - lorry - to cross - bypass - to break / cut to make redundant - protester - protesters - to appeal - witness (-es) - responsible - trouble / affray - finally - to arrest

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 35 Gorffennwch: 1. Cafodd ____________________ ei danio. 2. Cafodd ____________________ ei ladd. 3. Cafodd ____________________ ei godi. 4. Cafodd ____________________ ei ddal. 5. Cafodd ____________________ ei chau. 6. Cafodd ____________________ ei hagor. 7. Cafodd ____________________ eu diswyddo. 8. Cafodd ____________________ ei foddi. 9. Cafodd ____________________ eu harestio 10. Dwedodd yr heddlu _______________________r ALF oedd yn gyfrifol. Cyfieithwch: 1. A bomb was set off in London. 2. The factory was closed. 3. 500 will be made redundant. 4. A man was killed yesterday. 5. The protesters were arrested. 6. The police have appealed for witnesses. 7. The school was closed. 8. He was born in February.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The mutations depend on the subject of the passive sentence, e.g. Cafodd bachgen ei daro (TM) (singular masculine noun) Cafodd merch ei tharo (TLl) (singular feminine noun) Cafodd plant eu taro (dim treiglad) (plural noun)

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SESIWN ADOLYGU (rhwng Uned 35 a 36) Ymarferion Ble cawsoch chi eich geni? Ces i ngeni yn ... Ble cawsoch chi eich magu? Ces i fy magu yn Ble cafodd eich tad ei eni ai fagu? Cafodd e ei eni ... Ble cafodd eich mam ei geni ai magu? Cafodd hi ei geni ... Beth dych chin ei feddwl o Pobol y Cwm? Dw in meddwl ei fod en ... Beth och chin ei feddwl or Beatles Ron in meddwl eu bod nhwn ... Ble dych chin mynd dros y penwythnos? Dw in mynd i ... Ble byddwch chi blwyddyn i nawr? Bydda in ...
BWLETIN NEWYDDION 1. Beth cafodd ei ddwyn yn Abertawe? 2. Sut cafodd y ferch ei lladd yng Nghaerdydd? 3. Pryd a ble cafodd y bom ei danio? 4. Faint o bobol fydd yn gweithio yn y ffatri newydd? 5. Pam roedd rhaid i blant Llansamlet gerdded adre? 6. Pam cafodd deg athro eu diswyddo? 7. Beth ddigwyddodd i bris bara yn Rwsia? 8. Sut cafodd yr arian i Oxfam ei godi?

Rhowch y geiriau yn y drefn iawn yn y brawddegau yma: 1. nawr, ysgol, welwch, chi, chi, ewch, ir, Os, neb. ________________________________________________________________ 2. meddwl, caled, waith, er, ei, y, bod, Dw, in, yn, cwrs, wych, en, fod, ________________________________________________________________ 3. po, i, ir, ti, Gorau, Cymraeg, gynta, dosbarth, fynd, ________________________________________________________________ 4. e, eni, yng, ai, Nghaerdydd, ei, Cafodd, hefyd, yno, fagu, ________________________________________________________________ 5. pawb, nabod, on, pentre, yna, y, yn, Ron, in, in, pan, byw, ________________________________________________________________

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Gwaith Cartre (Sesiwn Adolygu rhwng Uned 35 a 36) Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Ble cawsoch chi eich magu? ________________________________________________________________ 2. Pryd cawsoch chi eich geni? ________________________________________________________________ 3. Beth dych chin ei feddwl o S4C? ________________________________________________________________ 4. Sut maer cwrs yn mynd? ________________________________________________________________ 5. Sut dych chin dod ymlaen? ________________________________________________________________ 6. Pwy syn golchir llestri yn eich t chi fel arfer? ________________________________________________________________
Pwyntiau iw cofio: Rhifo yn Gymraeg / Counting in Welsh Y Dull Modern (Modern Method) 1 un 2 dau; dwy (b) 3 tri; tair (b) 4 pedwar; pedair (b) 5 pump 6 chwech 7 saith 8 wyth 9 naw 10 deg 11 un deg un 12 un deg dau 13 un deg tri 14 un deg pedwar 15 un deg pump 16 un deg chwech 17 un deg saith 18 un deg wyth 19 un deg naw 20 dau ddeg 21 dau ddeg un 22 dau ddeg dau 23 dau ddeg tri 24 dau ddeg pedwar 25 dau ddeg pump 26 dau ddeg chwech 27 dau ddeg saith 28 dau ddeg wyth 29 dau ddeg naw 30 tri deg 31 tri deg un 40 pedwar deg 60 chwe deg 70 saith deg 80 wyth deg 90 naw deg 100 cant Yr Hen Ddull (Old Method) un dau; dwy (b) tri; tair (b) pedwar; pedair (b) pump chwech saith wyth naw deg un ar ddeg deuddeg tri ar ddeg pedwar ar ddeg pymtheg un ar bymtheg dau / dwy ar bymtheg deunaw pedwar / pedair ar bymtheg ugain un ar hugain dau / dwy ar hugain tri / tair ar hugain pedwar / pedair ar hugain pump ar hugain chwech ar hugain saith ar hugain wyth ar hugain naw ar hugain deg ar hugain un ar ddeg ar hugain deugain trigain deg a thrigain pedwar ugain deg a phedwar ugain cant

The old method is still used with dates and telling time.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Chwech Be syn well da chi - Preferences Beth syn well da chi? Oes well da chi goffi? Maen well da ddarllen fi chwarae golff ddysgu Cymraeg fynd am dro
What do you prefer? Do you prefer coffee? Id rather read

nag edrych ar y teledu na gwneud y gwaith t ... na golchir car ... na gwneud y gwaith cartre Maen gas da stilo fi olchir llestri siopa goginio Hoff bethau - Favourite things Beth yw eich hoff ____________ chi? Fy Fy Fy Fy hoff hoff hoff hoff ffilm i yw ______ fwyd i yw ____________ raglen i yw ______________ lyfr i yw __________

... than watch television

Maen well da fi stilo!

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sa in un syn hoff o ddadlau, Sandra. Nac wyt, wir. Don i ddim yn bwriadu gwneud dolur iddo fe. Nac ot, wir. Ond maen gas da fi bobol syn gas wrth anifeiliaid. Wyt, wir. Wyt tin deall, nghariad

Sandra: Ffred:

Geirfa Maen gas da fi - I hate ... dadlau (dadleu-) - to argue / to debate bwriadu (bwriad-) - to intend gwneud dolur i - to hurt anifail - animal (animals) (anifeiliaid) cas - nasty mwya hoff (TM)
104

Sandra: Ffred:

- greatest / most - favourite

Sandra:

i? Falle mod i.

na / nag (before - than a vowel)

105

Gwaith Cartre Uned 36 Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Ble cawsoch chi eich geni? 2. Ble cafodd eich gr / gwraig / rhieni eu geni? 3. Beth yw eich diddordeb mwya chi? 4. Beth yw eich hoff fwyd chi? Pam?

Cyfieithwch: 1. My favourite book is ______________ 2. I hate cooking. 3. I prefer reading to watching television. 4. What do you prefer? 5. I wasnt intending to hurt him. 6. Do you understand my love? 7. Im not one whos fond of arguing. 8. Perhaps I do. 9. I hate people who are nasty to animals. 10. My favourite book is ______________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mae treiglad meddal (TM) ar l hoff (favourite) e.e. fy hoff fwyd i. 2. Mae na yn mynd yn nag o flaen llafariad (vowel). 3. Mae TM ar l da fi, da ti ac ati, a TLl ar l na: Maen well da fi goffi na the (< coffi; te)

106

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Saith Saying what you would do if and what you would prefer Beth fyddech chin ei wneud gyda miliwn o bunnoedd?
What would you do with a million pounds?

Byddwn in symud i lan y mr Byddwn in mynd ar wyliau Byddwn in prynu car drud Byddwn in gwarior lot Fyddwn i ddim yn gwybod

Id move to the seaside

I wouldnt know

Bydden well da fi aros gartre Id rather stay at home Bydden well da fi ymddeol yn gynnar Bydden well da fi roir arian yn y banc Bydden well da fi fynd ar gwrs Cymraeg am fis Fyddech chin symud i lan y mr? Would you move to the seaside? Fyddech chin prynu car drud? Fyddet tin fodlon rhoir arian yn y banc? Fyddet tin hapus? Byddwn / Na fyddwn
Deialog Plisman: ( W ) newch chi esbonio beth ddigwyddodd yn eich geiriau eich hunan, Mr Morris? ( G w ) naf, os galla i. Es i i weld Gordon Parkinson am y ci. Pa gi? Eich ci chi? Ie. Cafodd e ei fwrw i lawr gan gar ddoe, a dw in sir taw Gordon oedd yn gyfrifol. Fwrodd er ci i lawr yn fwriadol? Do. Dwedodd e hynny wrtha i. Fel arall, fyddwn i byth wedi colli nhymer i. Dw in gweld. Ac wedyn? Wel, a bod yn onest, aeth pethaun draed moch nes i chi gyrraedd. Diolch am eich help Mr Morris.

Ffred: Plisman: Ffred:

Geirfa miliwn (b) gair (geiriau) bodlon esbonio (esboni-) am (TM) pa ..? (TM) bwriadol fel arall tymer (b) a bod yn onest mynd yn moch argyfwng

million word (words) content; willing to explain about / regarding which ..? intentional otherwise temper to be honest

draed - to get messy - crisis

Plisman: Ffred:

Plisman: Ffred:

Plisman

Beth ddigwyddodd, Mr Morris?

107

Gwaith Cartre Uned 37 Gorffennwch: 1. Beth _____________ chin ei wneud gyda miliwn _________ bunnoedd? 2. Fyddwn i _______ yn gwybod. 3. __________________ n well da fi ymddeol. 4. Esboniwch yn eich geiriau eich ______________. 5. Cafodd e ei ________________i lawr _______________ gar. 6. Dw in sir taw Gordon _________________ yn gyfrifol. 7. Aeth pethaun draed ____________ wedyn. 8. Fyddet tin prynu car drud? ______________() Cyfieithwch: 1. To be honest. 2. Id rather retire early. 3. I wouldnt know. 4. I would go on holidays. 5. What would you do with a million pounds? 6. I would never have lost my temper. 7. Will you explain in your own words what happened. 8. Translate! Pwyntiau iw cofio: Dymar ffurfiau amodol (conditional forms): byddwn i byddet ti bydde fe / hi bydder plant bydden ni byddech chi bydden nhw (Gw. Atodiad 1, t. 160.) I would (be) you would (be) (ti) he / she would (be) the children would (be) we would (be) you would (be) they would (be)

108

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Wyth Beth fyddech chin ei wneud se ..?
More about what you would do if ..?

Byddwn in

dod mynd helpu dweud

swn gallu

in

Id come if I could

Byddwn in

mynd dro garddio ymlacio hapus

am se braf

hin

Id go for a walk if it was fine

Byddwn in

aros yn y t (gw)neud y gwaith cartre darllen mynd ir dafarn

se hin bwrw glaw

Fydde ots da chi? Bydde / Na fydde

Would you mind? Yes, I would / No, I wouldnt If I were you, Id be worried

Swn i yn dy le byddwn in di poeni byddwn in ffonio byddwn in gadael byddwn in gofyn

Deialog

Geirfa ymlacio (ymlaci-) yn llygad ei le

Swn in gwybod bod hyn yn mynd i ddigwydd Fyddet ti ddim wedi (gw)neud beth wnest ti? Na fyddwn. (Rwyt) tin llygad dy le fan na. Pryd (rwyt) tin gorfod mynd i mewn? Wythnos nesa. Bydda i mas erbyn bore dydd Iau. Ysgrifenna i atat ti bob dydd. Wnei di rywbeth arall drosta i tra bydda i yn y carchar? Unrhyw beth. Edrych ar l

- to relax - dead right / spot on - there - to have to - prison - inside - while - next week - look after - to escape

Ffred: Sandra:

fan na gorfod carchar i mewn tra wythnos nesa edrych ar l dianc (dihang-)

Ffred:

Sandra:

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

109

Bendigeidfran.

Byddwn in dianc, swn in gallu!

110

Gwaith Cartre Uned 38 Cyfieithwch: 1. Will you do something for me while Im in prison? 2. Ill write to you every day. 3. Ill be out by Wednesday afternoon. 4. Youre dead right there. 5. If I were in your place, Id leave. 6. Id go to the pub if it were raining. 7. Id relax if it were fine. 8. Id move to the seaside, if I were to win a million pounds. Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: A. B. C. Se hin oer Se hin dwym Se arian da fi byddwn in gwisgo cot. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Ch. Se bola tost da fi D. Swn in gallu siarad Cymraeg Dd. Swn i wedi blino E. F. Se Ffred wedi meddwl ... Se Sandra ddim yn gyfoethog

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. swn i set ti se fe / hi ser plant sen ni sech chi sen nhw if if if if I were (to) you were (to) if he/she were (to) if the children were (to) ... we were (to) you were (to) if they were (to) Id go if I could

2. Remember the pattern: Byddwn in mynd, swn in gallu

111

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Tri Deg Naw Diddordebau eto Beth yw eich diddordeb mwya chi? Dw i modd wrth (fy) yn cerdded yn chwarae sboncen yn teithio yn dysgu Cymraeg Beth yw ei ddiddordeb mwya fe? Mae e wrth ei fodd yn yn t yn yn coginio gwneud y gwaith smwddio edrych ar y teledu

Beth yw ei diddordeb mwya hi? Mae hi wrth ei bodd yn mynd ir dafarn Mae hi wrth ei bodd yn chwarae rygbi Byddwn i wrth (fy) modd Byddet ti wrth dy fodd Bydde fe wrth ei fodd Bydde hi wrth ei bodd Bydden nhw wrth eu bodd Llythyr

D w i wr t h fy modd !

Annwyl Sandra,

HMP Abertawe

Dw i wedi cyrraedd yma or diwedd. Maer bwyd yn ofnadwy, ar ystafell yn rhy fach. Dyn nin gorfod codi am hanner awr wedi chwech y bore! Ces i fy hala i weld y rheolwr y bore yma Cymro Cymraeg yw e, ac mae e wrth ei fodd yn siarad Cymraeg fi. Bydda i gartre erbyn dydd Iau. Felly, gobeithio bod popeth yn iawn. Cofia hala llythyr ata i!

Geirfa hala / anfon rheolwr wrth fy modd cofion gynnes

112

- to send - manager / governor - in my element / very happy - warm regards

Llawer o gariad, Ffred

cynnwys teithio (teithi-) sboncen (b)

- contents / to contain - to travel - squash(rackets)

113

Gwaith Cartre Uned 39 Gorffennwch: 1. Dw in hoff ______________ gerdded. 2. Beth yw eich ________________ ffilm chi? 3. Dw i __________________ fy modd yn cerdded 4. Dw in hoff iawn o fynd ____________ ci am dro. 5. Mae e wrth ei ________________ yn darllen. 6. Maen nhw wrth ________________ bodd yn teithio. Ysgrifennwch lythyr yn cynnwys (i) wedi cyrraedd (ii) wrth fy modd (iii) ofnadwy (iv) Bydda:

Annwyl ,
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Cofion cynnes,

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Dyma ffurfiau personol wrth ei fodd: wrth wrth wrth wrth wrth wrth wrth fy modd dy fodd / wrth eich bodd ei fodd ei bodd ein bodd eu bodd (TM) fodd y plant

* a plural form of bodd is sometimes used, e.g. Maen nhw wrth eu boddau yn canu

114

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Dweud beth ddylech chi ei wneud
Saying what you ought to do

Beth ddylech chi (ei) (w)neud? Dylwn i adolygu bob nos Dylwn i ymarfer Dylwn i edrych ar Pobol y Cwm Dylwn i siarad Cymraeg amser coffi

What should you do?

Ddylwn i ddim poeni I shouldnt worry Ddylwn i ddim ysgrifennu yn y dosbarth Ddylwn i ddim siarad Saesneg Ddylwn i ddim smocio Beth ddylet ti fod wedi (ei) (w)neud? Dylwn i fod wedi mynd Dylwn i fod wedi gofyn Dylwn i fod wedi dweud Ddylwn i ddim bod wedi mynd
What should you have done?

Beth ddyle Ffred a Sandra (ei) (w)neud? What should Ffred and Sandra do? Dyle fe olchir llestri Dyle hi (w)neud yr ardd Dylen ni briodi Dylen nhw fod yn hapus Dylet ti fynd mas mwy! Ddylet ti ddim poeni gymaint! Llythyr Geirfa mwy cymaint cystal gormod gyda llaw bwcio (bwci-) crac drws smocio (smoci-) gwella (gwell-) tra i nin dau - more - so much - so good / as well - too much - by the way - to book - angry - door - to smoke - to get better - while - for us both

Annwyl Ffred,
Diolch am dy lythyr. Paid poeni am y ci mae en gwella. So Gordon cystal: mae e yn yr ysbyty o hyd. Mae en grac iawn achos mod in mynd i adael. Ddylwn i ddim bod wedi dweud wrtho fe tra oedd en dost, ond maen rhy hwyr nawr. Gyda llaw, dw i wedi bwcio gwyliau i nin dau pan fyddi di wedi dod mas wythnos yn Tenerife. Bydda i wrth ddrws y carchar erbyn saith or gloch.

Cofion, Sandra

115

Dylwn i adolygu bob nos!

116

Gwaith Cartre Uned 40 Cyfieithwch: 1. You should have told him. 2. Gordon isnt as good. 3. I shouldnt speak English. 4. You shouldnt have asked. 5. I should practise. 6. They should get married. Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: A. Mae pen tost da fi. A. Mae hin rhy dew. A. Does dim arian da fe. A. Mae John a Mair moyn dysgu Cymraeg. A. Mae e wedi blino. A. Sa in gallu siarad Ffrangeg. A. Mae hin mynd i gael babi. A. Maer plant yn ddrwg. B. Dylech chi gymryd aspirin. B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ B. ______________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mae dylwn i, dylet ti, etc., fel yr amodol: (the same endings as the conditional) ac yn achosi TM (and cause the following verb to mutate), e.e. dylwn i fynd. dylwn i dylet ti dyle fe / hi dylen ni dylech chi dylen nhw dyler plant I should you should he / she should we should you should they should the children should

(Gw. Atodiad 1, t. 162.)

117

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Un Dweud beth licech chi ei wneud
Saying what you would like to do

Beth licech chi ei wneud? Licwn i ofyn un peth Licwn i awgrymu un peth Licwn i ddweud un peth Licwn i wneud un peth Licet ti ddod draw heno? Licet ti weld y rhaglen Licet ti fynd adre? Licet ti gael tamed o gacen? Licwn / Na Licwn

What would you like to do? Id like to ask one thing

Would you like to come over tonight?

Yes, I would like to / No, I wouldnt like to

Licwn i

set tin gallu mynd se fen gallu mynd se hin gallu mynd swn in gallu mynd sen nhwn gallu mynd

Licet ti gawl? Licwn / Na licwn

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Licwn i wybod un peth. Beth yw hynny? Pryd (wyt) tin meddwl y bydda in rhugl? Mae hynnyn dibynnu. Fyddet tin dweud mod in gwella? Byddwn, wrth gwrs. Or wythnos nesa ymlaen, fydd dim rhaid i ni siarad Saesneg n gilydd. Gobeithio dy fod din iawn. Dw in sir mod i.

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Geirfa awgrymu (awgrym-) rhugl dibynnu ein gilydd eich gilydd ei gilydd tamed

- to suggest - fluent - to depend - each other (us) - each other (you) each other (them) - a (small) piece

Ffred: Sandra:

118

Gwaith Cartre Uned 41 Gorffennwch: 1. Licwn i ____________________ (ask) un peth. 2. Licwn i _______________ (do) un peth. 3. Licwn i ________________ nhwn gallu mynd. 4. ____________________________ ti ddod heno? 5. Pryd ________________________ in rhugl? 6. Fyddech chin dweud ______________ in dweud y gwir? Cyfieithwch: 1. Hope youre right. 2. From next month on 3. Would you say that Im getting better? 4. When will I be fluent? 5. I would like to ask you one thing. 6. Would you like to see the film? 7. If it were fine, Id take the dog for a walk. 8. Id be really happy, if you were able to come.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Remember to use yn (n after a vowel) as a link, between a bod verb form and an infinitive, e.g. Dw in mynd, Mae en gwybod, Bydd Tom yn ateb. When using other verbs as auxiliaries, e.g. Licwn i fynd yn isnt needed, but remember the TM, e.g. Geith e fynd?, Licwn i _wybod, Dylwn i ddeall, Alla i ddod?

119

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Dau Adrodd yn l - Reporting back Faint ohonyn nhw syn smocio? Dau ohonyn nhw Rhai ohonyn nhw Llawer ohonyn nhw Y rhan fwya ohonyn nhw Pob un ohonyn nhw Faint ohonyn nhw oedd yn gallu nofio? Roedd un neu ddau ohonyn nhwn gallu nofio Roedd rhai ohonyn nhwn gallu nofio Roedd pump ohonyn nhwn gallu nofio Doedd dim un ohonyn nhwn gallu nofio Weles Weles Weles Weles Ches Ches Ches Ches i i i i i i i i mohono fe mohoni hi mohonoch chi mor ffilm
I didnt see him How many of them could swim? How many of them smoke?

mohonyn nhw mohono fe mohoni hi mor gwin

I didnt get them

Deialog

Geirfa rhai y rhan fwya

Yn dy fag di ron nhw. Nage. Weles i mohonyn nhw ar l dydd Sul. Ond paciest tir tocynnau yn dy fag di. Do. Ond don i ddim wedi rhoir pasports i mewn. Wyt tin hollol sir? Ydw. Rhaid i ni droi yn l neu awn ni ddim pellach na Heathrow. Lwcus ein bod ni wedi sylweddoli mewn pryd. Ie, neu byddet ti yn y cawl.

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

y ddau pacio (paci-) pellach hollol lwcus mewn pryd yn y cawl pob un erbyn hyn

- some most majority - both - to pack - further - completely - lucky in time up the creek every one by now

120

Gwaith Cartre Uned 42 Gorffennwch y ddeialog yma: A. _________________________________________________________ B. Dw in byw yn Aberaeron. Yn y Stryd Fawr. A. _________________________________________________________ B. Ers dwy flynedd nawr. A. ________________________________________________________ B. Yn Sheffield. Symudon ni i Aberaeron yn 1968. A. ________________________________________________________ B. Na fyddwn. Dw in rhy hoff o Aberaeron erbyn hyn. A. ________________________________________________________ B. Ydyn. Maer ddau ohonyn nhwn hapus iawn yn yr ysgol. Cyfieithwch: 1. How many of them smoke? 2. Most of them. 3. I didnt have the coffee. 4. I didnt see you. 5. Lucky I realised in time. 6. Well go no further than Aberaeron. Pwyntiau iw cofio: The ddim o construction is used when the direct object of an inflected verb is

definite (for example: the paper, the papers, Huw, him, Aberaeron):
(ddi)m (ddi)m (ddi)m (ddi)m (ddi)m (ddi)m (ddi)m ohona i ohonot ti ohono fe / ohoni hi or plant ohonon ni ohonoch chi ohonyn nhw

121

SESIWN ADOLYGU (Rhwng Uned 42 a 43) Beth licech chi ei wneud ar l y cwrs? Faint or dosbarth syn dod o Gymru? Beth yw eich diddordeb mwya chi? Fyddech chin symud i Loegr i fyw? Sech chin ennill y loteri, fyddech chin prynu car newydd? Beth yw eich hoff ffilm chi? Beth yw eich hoff lyfr chi? Cwestiynau 1. Beth syn bod ar Janet? 2. Ers faint mae hin sl? 3. Ble mae hin gweithio? 4. Beth syn bod ar Tony? 5. Pryd mae en gweld y meddyg? 6. Beth oedd cyngor y meddyg i Janet? 7. Beth syn bod ar wraig Tony? 8. Ble mae hin gweithio? 9. Beth oedd cyngor y meddyg iddi hi ac i Tony? 10. Ble mae Tonyn gweithio? Bydd y tiwtor yn rhoi copi or sgript i chi.
Llanwch y bylchau: Dw in byw yn ardal Llandysul nawr ers dwy ______________. Symudes i yma ar l ymddeol ron in ________________ gweithio mewn ffatri yn Kent. ___________ i fy niswyddo ar l ir cwmni fynd ir wal. Dylwn i _________ wedi ymddeol cyn hynny. Dw i wrth fy _______ yma, ac mae fy ngwraig yn hapus hefyd. Ar ______ o bryd, dyn nin mynd i ddysgu Cymraeg ______ dosbarth nos, a dyn ni wedi dysgu llawer. Maer wraig yn well ________ fi, dw in credu. Dw i ddim yn gweld eisiaur gwaith, a dw in cael amser i __________ llyfrau sy ar y silff ers blynyddoedd. Trowch y darn uchod ir 3ydd person: Mae Tom yn byw

Licwn i ___________________ ________________ ohonyn nhw Dw i wrth fy modd yn _________ ___________________________ Byddwn in prynu ____________ ____________ yw fy hoff ffilm i. ________________ fy hoff lyfr i

122

Gwaith Cartre (Sesiwn Adolygu rhwng Uned 42 a 43) Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Beth licech chi ei wneud ar l ymddeol? ______________________________________________________________ 2. Beth yw eich hoff fwyd chi? ______________________________________________________________ 3. Beth yw eich diddordeb mwya chi? ______________________________________________________________ 4. Be fyddech chin ei wneud, sech chin ffindio waled? ______________________________________________________________ 5. Fyddech chin dweud wrth y siopwr, sech chin gweld rhywun yn dwyn mewn siop? _______________________________________________________________ 6. Faint och teulu chi syn siarad Cymraeg? _______________________________________________________________ 7. Beth dych chin ei feddwl or bobol eraill sydd yn y dosbarth? _______________________________________________________________ 8. Hoffech chi symud yn l ir ardal lle cawsoch chi eich geni? ________________________________________________________________ 9. Fyddech chn mynd ar wyliau i Iraq? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

123

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Tri Trafod iechyd eto - neu afiechyd! Discussing (ill) health! Sut dych chin teimlo? Ydych chin well erbyn heddi? Dw in well o lawer Dw in jodde o hyd Maer ffliw arna i o hyd Dw in cael gwaith mynd i gysgu Trafod iechyd rhywun arall - someone elses health Sut roedd Sandra? Sut roedd y plant? Roedd hin iawn neithiwr Buodd hi yn yr ysbyty am wythnos Cafodd hi lawdriniaeth Mae hin gweld eisiau bod gartre Ron nhw yn y gwely Ron nhw wedi cael dolur Geirfa jodde (diodde) afiechyd pwyso (pwys-) cynharach cwyno (cwyn-) cael gwaith - to suffer - illness - to weigh - earlier - to complain (doing

Dw in jodde o hyd!

a arall cytuno () (TLl) sgwrs (b) llawdriniaeth (b) gweld eisiau llai

- to have a job something) rhywbeth - and another thing - to agree (with) - chat - surgery / operation

- to miss (see the need of) - less / smaller

Dw in pwyso gormod Dw i wedi torri mraich ... Dw i wedi blino Mae llygaid sgwr da fi Deialogau
Sgwrs 1 Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Dylet ti fwyta llai Dylet ti fod wedi bod yn fwy gofalus Dylet ti fod wedi mynd ir gwelyn gynharach Ddylet ti ddim edrych gymaint ar y teledu

Sgwrs 2 Mae mhen in dost o hyd. (Rwyt) ti wedi bod fel hyn ers dau ddiwrnod. Ydw. Maen flin da fi, ond mae mola in dost hefyd. Ddylet ti ddim cwyno gymaint. Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Dw in cael gwaith mynd i gysgu. (Wyt) tin bwriadu bod fel hyn trwyr gwyliau? Ydw. A pheth arall, sor bwyd yn cytuno fi. Sandra: 124 Oes rhaid i ti gwyno trwyr amser?

Sandra:

125

Gwaith Cartre Uned 43 Ysgrifennwch frawddeg yn cynnwys y gair mewn cromfachau: Write a sentence containing the word in brackets: Peidiwch defnyddio geiriadur! 1. (llawdriniaeth) ______________________________________________________ 2. (teimlo) ___________________________________________________________ 3. (ysbyty) ___________________________________________________________ 4. (ffliw) _____________________________________________________________ 5. (arnyn) ___________________________________________________________

Meddylwich am ateb ir broblem: e.e Mae pen tost da fi. Maer ffliw ar Sin. Mae en cael gwaith cysgu. Mae tonsilitis ar Jac. Sor plant yn gallu gweld. Dw in nerfus trwyr amser. Mae John a Mair wedi meddwi. Mae Mari moyn dysgu Cymraeg. Dylet ti gymryd aspirin

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Fod wedi in the middle of a sentence means have, e.e. Dylwn i fod wedi bod yn ofalus = I should have been careful Ddylai hi ddim bod wedi gofyn = She should not have asked

126

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Pedwar Cario Clecs - Gossiping Maen Maen Maen Maen Er Er Er Er nhwn nhwn nhwn nhwn dweud dweud dweud dweud ei bod hin ifanc ei bod hin bert ei bod hi ddim yn gall ei bod hi ddim yn hapus ... mae en dal i chwarae rygbi ... mae en dal i fwyta gormod ... mae en dal i fwynhau bywyd ... mae tair Lefel A da fe

(ei) fod en hen (ei) fod en dew (ei) fod en briod bod Sin yn dwp bai bai bai bai mod mod mod mod in in in in

Oni Oni Oni Oni

byw yma gweithio yma (ei) nabod e gwybod yn well

... fyddwn i ddim yn credu hynny Swn i ond yn gwybod ... Se fe / hi ond yn gwybod ... Sech chi ond yn gwybod ... Sen nhw ond yn gwybod ... fyddwn i ddim wedi dweud gair fydde fe / hi ddim wedi dweud gair fyddech chi ddim wedi dweud gair fydden nhw ddim wedi dweud gair

Deialog Mair: Myfanw y: Mair: Myfanw y: Mair: Wel, Myfanwy, (wyt) ti clywed? Clywed beth, Mair fach? wedi

Geirfa ifanc pert hyfryd call swn i ond yn ... cario clecs er disgwyl (disgwyli-) sut dal i ... (TM) bywyd fel na mae

young pretty lovely sensible

- If I only - to gossip - although - to expect - how / what sort of - still (continues to ...) - life - thats the way things are

Hanes Sandra Jones drws nesa. Beth amdani? Maen nhwn dweud (ei) bod hi wedi mynd ar wyliau gydar Ffred Morris yna. Paid sn! Yr un syn dysgu Cymraeg? Ie, er (ei) bod hin briod yn barod. Fel na mae, y dyddiau yma. Ond gwranda, maen nhwn dweud (ei) bod hin disgwyl babi. Wel, swn i ond yn gwybod sut un oedd e ...

Myfanw y: Mair: Myfanw y: Mair: Myfanw y:

oni bai

- if it werent for the fact

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 44 Cyfieithwch: 1. If I only knew what sort of person she was 2. They say that shes expecting again. 3. Thats how things are. 4. Have you heard? 5. If I didnt know better. (Were it not for the fact that I knew better.) 6. If I only knew, I wouldnt have said a word. 7. They say that shes young. 8. To gossip

Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: A. Mae Twm yn dew. A. Mae Ann yn dal. A. Mae Ffred yn dwp. A. Dw in olygus. A. Mae e wedi blino. A. Maer plant yn well. B. Maen nhwn dweud ei fod en dew. B. Maen nhwn dweud _________________ B. __________________________________ B. __________________________________ B. __________________________________ B. __________________________________ B. __________________________________

A. Y wraig syn gwisgor trowsus. A. Athrawes yw Sandra.

B. __________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Use taw as a link with an emphatic sentence, i.e. a sentence which does not begin with a verb, e.e. Maen nhwn dweud taw yn y dre mae hin byw

129

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Pump Mesur - Measuring Pa mor fawr yw e? Pa mor bell yw e? Pa mor hen yw e? Pa mor drwm yw e? Mae en bell iawn Mae en eitha pell So fen bell o gwbwl
How big is it?

Its very far

Pa mor dda dych chin gallu sgo? How well can you ski? Pa mor dda dych chin gallu canu? Pa mor dda mae en gallu siarad Cymraeg? Pa mor dda mae hin gallu chwarae sboncen? Yn dda iawn Yn eitha da Dw in anobeithiol

Pa mor fawr yw e?

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Pa mor hir byddwn ni eto? Dim mwy na hanner awr. Ond dwedest ti hynny chwarter awr yn l.

Geirfa pell hen trwm cyflym dinas (b) ffenest (b) cyfle mesur eitha o gwbwl

Sandra:

So fen bell nawr: dw in gallu gweld y ddinas trwyr ffenest. Dw i ddim moyn edrych. (Wyt) tin jodde o hyd? Swn i ond yn gwybod byddwn i mor sl, fyddwn i byth wedi cytuno i hedfan. Wel, chawn ni ddim cyfle am sbel nawr bod babi ar y ffordd.

- far - old - heavy - fast - city - window opportunit y to measure - quite - at all

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 45 Cyfieithwch: 1. It is quite heavy. 2. It isnt very fast. 3. How well can you dance? 4. Two miles. 5. How old is she? 6. I can see the city through the window. 7. We wont get a chance for a while. 8. I dont want to look.

Ysgrifennwch baragraff byr yn gwahodd (inviting) ffrind i swper. Dim mwy na 50 o eiriau.

Annwyl ..

Hwyl,
.. Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mae TM ar l pa mor ..? e.e. Pa mor fawr yw e?. 2. Does dim treiglad ar l eitha e.e. Mae hin eitha mawr.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Chwech Cymharu Pethau Comparing Things Mae e mor dal Ffred Mae e mor ifanc Ffred Mae e mor dwp Ffred Mae e mor ddiog Ffred Mae hin oerach heddi Mae hin dwymach heddi Mae hin wlypach heddi Mae hin sychach heddi Mae hin fwy gwyntog heddi Mae hin fwy diflas heddi Mae hin fwy stormus heddi Mae hin fwy prysur heddi Mae Sin yn well na fi Mae Sin yn waeth na fi Mae Sin yn llai o faint na fi Mae Sin yn fwy o faint na fi
Hes as tall as Ffred

Its colder today

Its more windy today

Sin is better than me

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Pa mor hen yw Bendigeidfran? Mae e bron mor hen fi. Ydy e mor benstiff ti? Na(c y ) dy. Mae en waeth o lawer. Pam (wyt) tin dweud hynny? Mae en pallu gwneud dim byd dw in ei ddweud wrtho fe. Mae en debyg iw feistr e te. Diolch!

Geirfa twp diog llai llai o faint mwy mwy o faint tebyg i ... (TM) penstiff pallu (pall-) meistr ifanc amyneddgar iw

stupid lazy less smaller (of size) more larger similar to ...

- stubborn - to refuse - master - young - patient - to his / her / their

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 46 Cyfieithwch: 1. He is as lazy as Fred. 2. Its colder today. 3. Its windier today. 4. Sin is better than me. 5. He refuses to do anything I tell him. 6. How old is Fred now? 7. Is he as stubborn as you? 8. Hes like his master. Tom and Darren are the same height, but Darren is fatter. Darren is better in school, but Tom can run faster than him. They are equally lazy. Write five separate sentences about Tom and Darren: 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Does dim yn o flaen mor e.e. Mae e mor dal Ffred. 2. Mae Treiglad Llaes ar l . 3. Use the -ach ending usually with words of one syllable, e.e. tewach - fatter, talach - taller, etc. If you are unsure, use the mwy construction, e.e. Mae en fwy amyneddgar na Sandra. 4. Mae Treiglad Llaes ar l na.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Saith Cymharu pethau eto Y radd eithaf - the superlative Fi ywr gorau Chi ywr gorau Ffred ywr gorau Y plant ywr gorau Fi Fi Fi Fi ywr ywr ywr ywr ifanca tewa twpa cryfa oedd oedd oedd oedd y y y y diwrnod diwrnod diwrnod diwrnod mwya gwyntog mwya stormus gwaetha gorau Fi ywr twpa! Nage! Dw in credu taw fi ywr twpa!
Im the best

Dydd Dydd Dydd Dydd Pwy Pwy Pwy Pwy Sin Sin Sin Sin

Sul Sul Sul Sul

ywr ywr ywr ywr ywr ywr ywr ywr

gorau? gwaetha? mwya? lleia? orau waetha dewa gryfa

Deialo g Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: Sandra : Ffred: (Wyt) ti wedi gweld 8, Heol y Bont? Ydw. Sa in licor cymdogion. Mae en rhatach nar t arall yn Heol y Bryn. Ond hwnnw ywr t mwya cyfleus Ie. Ond mae mwy o le yn y t yn Heol y Bont. Sandra : Oes. Chawn ni byth rywle syn (ein) siwtio nin dau.

Geirfa cymydog cymdogio n cyfleus lle ein dau eich dau cryf gwaetha mwya lleia rhywle uchel

- neighbour - neighbours - convenient - place / room - both of us - both of you etc. - strong - worst most greatest least smallest - somewhere - high / /

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 47 Cyfieithwch: 1. Its cheaper than the other houses. 2. I dont like the neighbours. 3. Sunday was the windiest day. 4. Im the stupidest. 5. Who is the worst? 6. Sin is the best. Ysgrifennwch un frawddeg i bob gair, yn cymharu dau beth / berson. e.g. as strong as , stronger than ..., the strongest. (Hapus) ____________________________________________________________ (Tew) ______________________________________________________________ (Mawr) _____________________________________________________________ (Cyfoethog) _________________________________________________________ (Anodd) ____________________________________________________________ (Pert) ______________________________________________________________ Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The full written form of the superlative ending -a is -af e.g. Fi ywr tewaf. Here are some irregular adjectives: rhad drud da drwg uchel trwm rhatach drutach gwell gwaeth uwch trymach rhata(f) druta(f) gorau gwaetha(f) ucha(f) tryma(f)

2. Usually, mwy and mwya(f) precede adjectives of more than one syllable: mwy diddorol; more interesting; mwya diddorol most interesting

136

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Wyth Cydymdeimlo a derbyn cydymdeimlad Offering and receiving sympathy Mae hin flin da fi glywed am eich profedigaeth am eich damwain am eich salwch eich bod chi wedi colli eich swydd eich bod chi wedi ffaelur arholiad fi drostoch chi drosto fe drosti hi dros y dyn / fenyw
Im sorry to hear ... ... about your bereavement

Maen flin da Maen flin da fi Maen flin da fi Maen flin da fi

Im sorry for you

Bryswich wella! / Brysia wella! Diolch am fod mor garedig Diolch am alw Diolch am ffonio Diolch am bopeth Cofiwch fi ato fe Cofiwch fi ati hi Cofiwch fi atyn nhw Cofiwch fi at Ffred

Get better soon! Thanks for being so kind

Remember me to him

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Roedd hin flin da fi glywed am dy frawd di. Diolch am ddod draw. Dyn ni wedi bod yn poeni amdano fe. Ydy e wedi cael llawdriniaeth? Ydy. Dyle fe fod yn iawn nawr. Ond roedd e mewn poen ofnadwy. Druan fe. Cofia fi ato fe pan ei di ir ysbyty. (Gw)naf, wrth gwrs. Dyn nin mynd y prynhawn yma.

Geirfa profedigaeth (b) damwain (b) salwch swydd (b) ffaelu (ffael-) arholiad caredig cofio at (TM) druan (TLl) brysio (brys-) cydymdeimlo (cydymdeiml-) cydymdeimlad llawdriniaeth (b)

bereavement accident illness job

- to fail - exam - kind - give regards to - poor - to hurry - to sympathise - sympathy - surgery

Ffred: Sandra:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 48 Cyfieithwch: 1. I was sorry to hear about your bereavement. 2. Im sorry for him. 3. Thank you for being so kind. 4. Has he had surgery? 5. Weve been worried about him. 6. Give him my regards when you go to the hospital. Ysgrifennwch nodyn at ffrind yn cydymdeimlo fe / hi. Maer ffrind wedi colli ei swydd.

Annwyl ..

Pob hwyl,

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Maen flin da fi dros y dyn (for yn Saesneg). Dyma sut mae dros yn rhedeg (Here is how dros is conjugated)( gw. Atodiad 1, tt. 162-163): drosta i drostot ti drosto fe / drosti hi 2. Dyma sut mae am yn rhedeg: amdana i amdanat ti amdano fe / amdani hi amdanon ni amdanoch chi amdanyn nhw droston ni drostoch chi drostyn nhw

138

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pedwar Deg Naw Llongyfarch a derbyn llongyfarchiadau Congratulating and receiving congratulations Llongyfarchiadau ar eich llwyddiant ar ennill y wobor ar basior prawf gyrru ar basior arholiad ar enedigaeth eich merch / bachgen ar eich dyweddad ar eich swydd newydd

Aeth popeth yn dda iawn Bues in lwcus iawn Dyn ni wrth ein bodd ( W ) newch chi longyfarch Ffred drosta i? ( W ) newch chi ei longyfarch e drosta i? ( W ) nei di longyfarch Sandra drosta i? ( W ) nei di ei llongyfarch hi drosta i?

Diolch yn fawr!

Llongyfarchiada u!

Deialog Myfanwy: Ffred: Llongyfarchiadau Ffred. Dych chi wedi pasio Lefel 2. Ydw i wir? Don i ddim yn disgwyl llwyddo. Chi oedd y gorau yn y dosbarth. Ie? Bydd rhaid i ni ddathlu yn y dosbarth. Bydd, ond cofiwch, nid ennill tystysgrif syn bwysig. Nage, dw in cytuno. Rhaid siarad a defnyddior iaith.

Geirfa llongyfarchiada u llwyddiant gwobor (b) prawf gyrru genedigaeth (b) dyweddad dyweddo (dywedd-) disgwyl dathlu (dathl-) tystysgrif (b) cytuno (cytun-) pwysig defnyddio (defnyddi-)

- congratulations success prize driving test birth

- engagement to become engaged - to expect - to celebrate - certificate - to agree - important - to use

Myfanwy: Ffred: Myfanwy: Ffred:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 49 Offer congratulations or sympathy to these speakers: Mae Sandra wedi cytuno i mhriodi i.

Mae fy hen fam-gu wedi marw.

Roedd y cyfweliad yn llwyddiant!

Mae corgi Ffred wedi marw.

Bingo!

Cyfieithwch: 1. Congratulations on your engagement. 2. Will you congratulate her on my behalf? 3. Its necessary to speak and use the language. 4. Give them my regards. 5. I was sorry to hear about your bereavement. 6. You were the best in the class. 7. Thanks for being so kind. 8. I didnt expect to pass.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The llongyfarchiadau pattern is followed by ar, i.e. Congratulations on something.

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SESIWN ADOLYGU (Rhwng Uned 49 a 50) Ymarferion Pwy ywr tala / byrra yn y dosbarth Cymraeg? Pa fwyd dych chin ei lico fwya? Pa gerddoriaeth dych chin ei hoffi fwya? Ydy eich brawd / chwaer yn henach / ifancach na chi? Pa mor dda dych chin gallu canu? Pa mor dda dych chin gallu coginio? Darn Gwrando (Gwrandewch ar y tp, a rhowch yr wybodaeth briodol yn y grid): Enwaur plant Oed y plant Ysgolion

Rhowch y ddeialog yma yn y drefn iawn: A. A. A. A. B. B. B. B. Pam? Fydd neb yn gweld dy eisiau di. Dwedodd y meddyg y dylet ti aros yn dy wely am wythnos. Ddylet ti ddim bod mas yn y tywydd yma. A pheth arall - dw i ddim eisiau dal dy jyrms di. Wir! Fyddwn i ddim wedi dod i mewn o gwbl swn in gwybod am y croeso yma! Ond roedd rhaid i fi ddod ir gwaith heddi. Diolch yn fawr! Mae llawer o waith da fi Na, dw in gwybod. Ond dw in well o lawer.

Cymharwch y tri yma: e.e

Ben Nevis Mae Ben Nevis yn uchel ucha. Kilimanjaro Everest Mae K. yn uwch na Ben Nevis Ond Everest ywr

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Y Doors Seb Coe arian fi Dydd Sul Domingo

Y Rolling Stones Steve Ovett aur chi Dydd Llun Carreras

Y Beatles (poblogaidd) Christie (cyflym) platinwm (drud) y tiwtor (twp) Dydd Iau (gwlyb) Pavarotti (da)

142

Gwaith Cartre (Sesiwn Adolygu rhwng Uned 49 a 50) Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Pa mor dda dych chin gallu nofio? ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Pa mor dda dych chin gallu siarad Cymraeg? ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Ydych chin henach / ifancach nar tiwtor? ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Ydych chin dalach / fyrrach nar tiwtor? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Ydych chi mor gyfoethog r tiwtor? ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Pa raglenni dych chin eu lico orau? ___________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Mae llawer or ansoddeiriaun afreolaidd wrth eu defnyddio i gymharu (Many adjectives are irregular when used to compare): a. Maer sn yn caledu - d > t - rhatach, caletach The sound hardens g>c - pwysicach b>p - gwlypach b. nn > nh cynnes cynnar > cynhesach > cynharach

c. Mae sn yr y yn newid cryf > cryfach The y sound changes sych > sychach

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Dweud y Drefn Reprimanding Beth amdana i? amdano fe? amdani hi? am y plant?
What about me?

Dw i wedi bod poeni yn chwilio siarad meddwl

amdanat ti

Ive been worried about you

Dw i gofyn

wedi i chi i ti iddo fe iddi hi

unwaith!

Ive asked you once!

Dw i dweud

wedi wrthoch chi wrthot ti wrtho fe wrthi hi wrth y fenyw

unwait h!

Ive told you once!

G(w)randewc h Edrychwch

arna i! arno fe! arni hi! ar hyn!

Listen to me!

Dw i wedi gofyn i ti unwaith!

Geirfa unwaith chwilio (chwili-) am (TM) falle na chawn ni ... falle dn nhw ... os na ffoniwn ni o gwbwl

Deialog

- once - to look for - perhaps we wont get ... - perhaps theyll bring ... - if we dont phone - at all

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Sandra: Ffred:

(Wyt) ti wedi ysgrifennu atyn nhw eto? Na(c y ) dw. Sa i wedi cael amser. Dw i wedi gofyn i ti ddwywaith yn barod. Os arhoswn ni dipyn, falle dn nhw r pris i lawr. Ond falle na chawn nir t o gwbwl os na ffoniwn ni nawr. Ffonia i nhw te. 144

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 50 Cyfieithwch: 1. Have you written to her yet? 2. Ive told you twice. 3. Ive been worried about them. 4. Ive been looking for you. 5. Ive asked him once. 6. What about me? 7. Perhaps we wont get the house at all. 8. If we wait a while 9. I havent had time. 10. You phone them then.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Rhestr o arddodiaid rhedadwy (list of conjugated prepositions) (gw. Atodiad 1 tt.162-163):
amdana i amdanat ti amdano fe amdani hi amdanon ni amdanoch chi amdanyn nhw drosta i drostot ti drosto fe drosti hi droston ni drostoch chi drostyn nhw i fi i ti iddo fe iddi hi i ni i chi iddyn ata i atat ti ato fe ati hi aton ni atoch chi atyn nhw wrtha i wrthot ti wrtho fe wrthi hi wrthon ni wrthoch chi nhw wrthyn nhw arna i ohona i arnat ti ohonot ti arno fe ohono fe arni hi ohoni hi arnon ni ohonon ni arnoch chi ohonoch chi arnyn nhw ohonyn nhw

146

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Un Rhoi Cyfarwyddiadau - Giving Directions Cerwch yn syth ymlaen ar hyd y stryd fawr hyd at y goleuadau i lawr y rhiw lan y rhiw heibio ir siop
Go straight ahead

Trowch ir dde Trowch ir chwith Cymerwc h y tro cynta yr ail dro y trydydd tro Mae e godderbyn r siop drws nesa ir siop rhwng y siop ar garej ar y gornel ar bwys y siop o flaen y siop tu l ir siop

Turn right

Take the first turning

Its opposite the shop

Deialo g Meic:

(rhwng Ffred a Meic) Esgusodwch fi. (W ) newch chi fy helpu i, os gwelwch chin dda? (G w ) naf, os galla i. Dw in chwilio am Siop y Pethe. Hawdd mae hi godderbyn Banc Barclays. Maen flin da fi, dw i ddim yn gyfarwydd ag Aberystwyth. Cerwch yn syth ymlaen, yna trowch ir chwith Ar l cyrraedd yr Orsaf? Ie, dyna chi. Diolch o galon. Croeso.

Geirfa yn syth y chwith y dde tro goleuadau rhiw (b) heibio i (TM) cymryd (cymer-) gorsaf (b) godderbyn (TLl) ar bwys os galla i cyfarwydd (TLl) o flaen tu l i (TM) cornel (b) castell meysydd chwarae swyddfar heddlu
147

- straight - the left - the right - turning lights hill past to take

Ffred: Meic: Ffred: Meic:

- station - opposite near if I can familiar with in front of

Ffred: Meic: Ffrede : Meic: Ffred:

- behind - corner - castle - playing fields - police office

canolfan hamdden cyfarwyddiadau

- leisure centre instructions / directions

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Gwaith Cartre Uned51 Edrychwch ar y map yma. Ysgrifennwch gyfarwyddiadau ar: (i) sut i gyrraedd Yr Hen Goleg o Ysbyty Bronglais; (ii) sut i gyrraedd Swyddfar Heddlu or Castell; (iii) Campws Penglais or Orsaf.

149

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Dau Disgrifio lle - Describing a place Ydych chin gyfarwydd ..? Pa fath o le yw Llambed? Pa fath o dre yw Aberystwyth? Pa fath o ddinas yw Abertawe? Pa fath o ardal yw Cwm Gwendraeth? Mae en lle tawel / swnllyd Mae hin dre enfawr / fach Mae hin ddinas fisi / beryglus Mae hin ardal hardd / wledig Mae en dwll o le! Ron Ron Ron Ron in in in in meddwl meddwl meddwl meddwl
Are you familiar with ..? What sort of place is Lampeter?

Its a quiet / noisy place

(ei) fod en lle neis I thought it was a nice place (ei) fod en westy neis (ei) bod hin dre neis (ei) bod hin ardal neis baentior lle adeiladur lle bennur lle agor y lle
Theyve just painted the place

Maen Maen Maen Maen

nhw nhw nhw nhw

newydd newydd newydd newydd

Deialog

Geirfa pa fath? lle (llefydd)

Sut (wyt) tin cyrraedd y ganolfan o fan hyn? Cer hyd at y cylchfan ar bwys yr ysgol, wedyn tro ir chwith. Ydy en lle mawr? Na(c y ) dy. Maen anodd (ei) weld e or ffordd. Dyn nin sir o gyrraedd cyn dau. Maer dre dan ei sang ar ddydd Mercher, cofia. (Gw)na i ngorau.

Sandra:

dinas (b) cylchfan cylchfan (b) twll o le swnllyd hardd peryglus gwledig neis dymunol gwesty (gwestai) dan ei sang (Gw)na i ngorau enfawr

- what sort? place (places) - city - roundabout - centre a rotten place - noisy - beautiful - dangerous - rural - nice - pleasant - hotel(s) - jam packed - Ill do my best - enormous

Ffred:

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Mae t nin dawel iawn!

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 52 Cyfieithwch: 1. Ill do my best. 2. Carmarthen is jam packed on Wednesday. 3. Is it a small place? 4. Theyve just built the place. 5. I thought it was a nice area. 6. Its a noisy place. 7. Its a dangerous city. 8. Its a rural area. 9. Are you familiar with Tregaron? 10. What sort of area is Dyffryn Aeron? 11. Were sure to get there before three. 12. Its difficult to see it from the road.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. 2. A TM is caused to an adjective following a singular feminine noun: e.e. tre fach, dinas ddiddorol, ardal _wledig. Dymunol is a formal word for pleasant or neis.

3. Do not use wedi with newydd patterns: Maen nhw newydd agor y lle - Theyve just opened the place

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Tri Disgrifio Gwrthrych - Describing an Object Pa fath o beth yw e? Pa mor drwm yw e? Beth yw ei hyd ai led e? Pa liw yw e? Mae en So fen hir sgwr galed feddal drwchus wyrdd
Its about two feet long What sort of thing is it?

Mae e tua dwy droedfedd o hyd Mae e tua dwy droedfedd o led Mae e tua thair troedfedd o hyd Mae e tua thair troedfedd o led Mae e (w)neud wedi (ei) o wln o o o o fetel blastig bren wydr

Its made of wool

Wyt (ei)

tin

gallu fwyta fe? gario fe? ddarllen e? ddefnyddio i ..?

Can you eat it?

fe

Geirfa hyd a lled

Deialog Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Dw i wedi bod yn clirior t. Gest ti wared llawer o stwff? Do. Hen bethau Gordon oedd y rhan fwya ohonyn nhw. Ffindiest ti rywbeth o werth? Naddo. Bendigeidfran ywr unig antique fydd da ni. Wel, o leia mae hwnnw wedi (ei) (w)neud o aur!

troedfedd (b) modfedd (b) meddal caled gwln pren gwydr clirio cael gwared (TLl) o werth o leia unig (TM) aur trwchus
153

- length and breadth - foot - inch - soft - hard - wool - wood - glass - to clear - to get rid of - of value - at least - only - gold - thick

Ffred:

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 53 Gorffennwch: 1. Pa _________________ drwm yw e? 2. ________________ fen drwchus o gwbl. 3. Mae e wedi ei _____________ o wln. 4. Mae e tua ____________ _______ (2) o led. 5. ___________________ dim syniad da fi. 6. Gest ti wared _______________ llawer o stwff? Disgrifiwch y gwrthrychau yma / Describe these objects: (3 brawddeg yr un / 3 sentences each) 1. Y teledu

2. Llyfr

3. Eich hoff siwmper

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Dwy droedfedd o hyd / led = two feet long / wide 2. Wedi can be used to express the passive without cael e.e. Mae e wedi ei wneud o bren / Mae e wedi cael ei wneud o bren.

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Pedwar Amau - To Doubt A. Mae en byw yn Llandysul B. Ron in meddwl taw yn Llambed roedd en byw A. Nage, dw in sir taw yn Llandysul mae en byw A. Mae en gweithio yn Safeway B. Ron in meddwl taw yn Somerfield roedd en gweithio. A. Nage, dw in sir taw yn Safeway mae en gweithio. A. Aeth e ir Ivy Bush? B. Ron in meddwl taw ir Llew Du aeth e. A. Nage, dw in sir taw ir Ivy Bush aeth e. A. Cafodd e win gwyn. B. Ron in meddwl taw gwin coch gafodd e. A. Nage, dw in sir taw gwin gwyn gafodd e. A. Ceith e A yn y prawf. B. Dw in meddwl taw B geith e. A. Nage. Dw in sir taw A geith e. Dw in amau (hyn)ny Sa in credu (hyn)ny Ydy Ffred yn mynd? Dw in meddwl (ei) fod e Ydy Sandran mynd? Dw in meddwl (ei) bod hi Geirfa amau (amheu-) sefyll (saf-) etholiad lleol prawf cynghorydd Aelod Seneddol plaid (b) yn union cynrychioli (cynrychiol-) hyd yn oed

Pleidleisiwch dros Ffred!

Deialog

- to doubt - to stand / to wait - election - local - test - councillor Member Parliament - party - exactly - to represent - even

Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:

Sandra, dw in mynd i sefyll yn yr etholiad nesa. Ti! I beth? Dw in meddwl y gallwn i fod yn Aelod Seneddol da. Dros ba blaid? Sa in sir eto, ond dw in eitha sir y byddwn in well nar un sy da ni nawr. Pwy syn cynrychiolir ardal yma? Yn union! Does neb yn (ei) nabod e hyd yn oed

of

Sandra: Ffred:

Sandra: Ffred:

156

Gwaith Cartre Uned 54 Ysgrifennwch Ron in meddwl o flaen y brawddegau yma: e.e. Mae hin wyntog > Ron in meddwl ei bod hin wyntog 1. Ir Llew Du aethon nhw neithiwr. 2. Mae hin byw yn Llanelli. 3. Yng Ngholeg Aberystwyth mae en gweithio. 4. Dyn nin barod. 5. Mae en gweithio ir Cyngor. 6. Yn Llanelli mae hin byw. 7. Nhw aeth r llythyr. 8. Dw in deall.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: Gyda brawddeg emphatig, dych chin ateb Ie / Nage, e.e. Yn y dre mae hin byw. Ie Athro yw e. Nage

157

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Pump Y Dyddiad - The Date Beth Pryd Pryd Pryd ywr dyddiad heddi? mae dy ben-blwydd di? maer cwrs yn bennu? mae hanner tymor?
Whats the date today?

Yn y chwedegau Yn y seithdegau Yn yr wythdegau Yn y nawdegau 1995: Un, naw, naw, pump 1980: Un, naw, wyth deg 1536: Un, pump, tri, chwech 1969: Un, naw, chwech, naw

In the sixties

Cafodd Ffred ei eni yn 1964

Cafodd Ffred ei eni yn 1964 Ffred was born in 1964 Cafodd Sandra ei geni yn 1961 Cafodd y ci ei eni tua dwy flynedd yn l Cafodd y t ei adeiladu tua deg mlynedd yn l Y pumed o Awst Y pedwerydd ar ddeg o Fehefin Yr unfed ar hugain o Orffennaf Y degfed ar hugain o Dachwedd
The 5th of August

Deialog Swyddog : Ffred: Swyddog : Ffred:

Ga ich manylion chi, os gwelwch chin dda? Beth dych chi moyn (ei) wybod? Eich dyddiad geni, eich enw llawn, eich cyfeiriad ach cd post. Ces i ngeni ym 1961. Fy enw llawn i yw Ffred Caradog Morris. Dw i newydd symud i 3, Heol y Bont, Llanbadarn. Y cd post yw SY23 3EN. Dych chin briod? Ydw a na(c y)dw. Dw in byw gyda nghariad, Sandra. Dw in gweld. Dych chin awyddus i sefyll yn yr etholiad? Ydw. Dros ba blaid? 158

Geirfa dyddiad hanner tymor adeiladu manylion cd post llawn cyfeiriad awyddus cyffredinol plaid (b) gweddill gwybodaeth (b)

date half term to build details

- post-code - full address direction - keen / eager - general - (political) party - remainder - information / knowledge /

Swyddog : Ffred: Swyddog : Ffred: Swyddog

: Ffred:

Dros Y Blaid Newydd.

159

Gwaith Cartref Uned 55 Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Pryd mae eich pen-blwydd chi? 2. Pryd mae pen-blwydd eich gr / gwraig / brawd / chwaer / cariad? 3. Pryd mae Dydd Gyl Ddewi? 4. Pryd cafodd S4C ei lansio? 5. Pryd cafodd Margaret Thatcher ei diswyddo? 6. Pryd dechreuodd y cwrs Wlpan? 7. Pryd symudoch chi i ble dych chin byw nawr? 8. Pryd prynoch chi eich car cynta?

Meddyliwch am dri chwestiwn gwybodaeth gyffredinol (general knowledge) i ofyn i weddill (remainder) y dosbarth.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Edrychwch ar y daflen ychwanegol (the extra handout) i weld sut mae dweud dyddiadau (dates) yn Gymraeg. 2. Mae dyddiadau yn wrywaidd (masculine) : Y trydydd, y pedwerydd, ac yn y blaen. Does dim rhaid ysgrifennu Yr 20fed o Ionawr etc. - maen bosib ysgrifennu 20 Ionawr 1995 ac ati (etc.).

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Chwech Adrodd Newyddion - Reporting News Defnyddio -ir a -wyd (Impersonal Verb Forms) Lladdwyd y dyn Arestiwyd y dyn Cyhuddwyd y dyn Dedfrydwyd y dyn Prynodd Ffred y t Gwerthodd Ffred y t Adeiladodd Ffred y t Paentiodd Ffred y t Prynwyd y t gan Ffred Gwerthwyd y t gan Ffred Adeiladwyd y t gan Ffred Paentiwyd y t gan Ffred Gwerthir llawer o bethau yma Cynhelir llawer o bethau yma Siaredir Cymraeg yma
The man was killed

Ffred bought the house

The house was bought by Ffred

A lot of things are / will be sold here

Pleidleisiwch dros Ffred

Cynhaliwyd rali
Geirfa cynnal (cynhali-) cyhuddo (cyhudd-) dedfrydu (defryd-) ymgeisydd etholaeth (b) arbennig pleidlais (b) siomedig adroddiad cynulleidfa (b) llwyddiannus cyffredinol papur bro

Adroddiad or Papur Bro

- to hold event) - to accuse - to sentence - candidate - constituency - special - vote - disappointed - report - audience

(an

Cynhaliwyd etholiad cyffredinol dros y wlad yn ystod yr wythnos ddiwetha. *Bu sawl ymgeisydd yn ardal Ceredigion, ond enillwyd yr etholaeth gan John Jones, ffarmwr lleol. Torrwyd record arbennig gan Y Blaid Newydd, gydau hymgeisydd yn cael ond tair pleidlais. Dwedodd Mr Ffred Morris ei fod en siomedig iawn, ond bod ei blaid yn bwriadu tral eto mewn pum mlynedd.

- successful - general - Welsh language community paper

161

Literary form of buodd

162

Gwaith Cartre Uned 56 Ysgrifennwch adroddiad byr (dim mwy na 80 gair) ich papur bro chi, am gyngerdd a gynhaliwyd yn eich ardal yn ddiweddar. Rhaid i chi ddefnyddio: (i) llwyddiannus (ii) cynulleidfa (iii) cynhaliwyd (iv) eglwys ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. The -wyd and -ir endings are more formal than using the Cafodd and Ceith ... patterns. There is no difference in meaning: e.g. Cafodd y coleg ei adeiladu Adeiladwyd y coleg mean exactly the same. 2. After vowels ei and eu are abbreviated to i and u. e.e. Aeth Ffred i gariad; Aeth y dosbarth u llyfrau

163

SESIWN ADOLYGU (Rhwng Uned 56 a 57) Ymarferion Ym mha flwyddyn cafodd eich t ei adeiladu? Beth ywr dyddiad heddi? Pryd maer cwrs yn bennu? Pryd maer arholiad? Pa fath o le ywr pentre / tre ble dych chin byw nawr? Pa fath o le ywr pentre lle cawsoch chi eich magu? Sut dych chin cyrraedd y dosbarth Cymraeg och t chi? Darn Gwrando - Gweler Atodiad 1 (Y Map). Rhaid gwrando ar y tp, a labelur map gydar enwau priodol (appropriate). Cewch chi weld y sgript wedyn. Newid Paragraff [ymdrech (b) - effort]

Dw in dysgu Cymraeg ers i fi symud i Lambed. Dw in teimlo *y dylwn i ddysgu, er fy mod i ddim yn deall gramadeg o gwbl. Dw in byw gyda fy nheulu yn y dre, a dyn ni i gyd yn tral siarad n gilydd yn Gymraeg. Dw in gobeithio mynd ymlaen i sefyll arholiad, ac **y ceith fy mhlant gyfle i fynd ir Ysgol Cymraeg. Does dim llawer o hyder da fi, a don i ddim yn dda iawn yn astudio Ffrangeg pan on i yn yr ysgol. Yn aml, dw in teimlo taw fi ywr twpa yn y dosbarth. Er hynny, dw in falch fy mod i wedi gwneud ymdrech, a fy mod in gallu siarad r bobl drws nesa yn iaith fy mam-gu.

1. Mae John ...

2. Roedd John ...

Newidiwch y brawddegau yma: e.e. Des i yma ... (in a friends car) = Des i yma yng nghar ffrind. 1. Dw in byw (in my brothers house) = 2. Es i ar wyliau (to the area of Ffarmers) = 3. Maer plant yn mynd (to the village school) = 4. Roedd y llyfr (in Anns bag) = 5. Maer ateb (in the tutors head) = 6. Sa in nabod (the people of the valley) =

y dylwn i ... = y ceith ... =

that I should ... that (my children) will have ...

164

Gwaith Cartre (Rhwng 56 a 57) Atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Sut dych chin cyrraedd y dafarn agosa ich t chi? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Beth yw dyddiad eich pen-blwydd chi? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Beth yw dyddiad yr arholiad? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Pa fath o le ywr dosbarth Cymraeg? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Pa fath o le yw Aberteifi? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. In order to remember words and phrases which create problems, it can be useful to learn them as a group, e.g. 1 - blwyddyn; 2 - dwy flynedd; 3 - tair blynedd; 4 - pedair blynedd; 5 - pum mlynedd 2. In the present and past, that clauses are represented by bod itself, e.g. Dw in gwybod bod Ffred yn mynd Ron in gwybod bod Ffred yn mynd I know that Ffred is going I knew that Ffred is going

However, in the future and the conditional, that clauses are represented by personal forms of the verb, and when written, are preceded by y, e.e. Dw in gobeithio y ceith mhlant gyfle i ... I hope that my children will have the opportunity ... Dw in teimlo y dylwn i ddysgu ... I feel that I should learn ...

165

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Saith Trafod Arian a Dyled Discussing Money and Debt Mae arna i ddeg punt bum punt bunt ddwy bunt i ti
I owe you ten pounds

Does arna i ddim byd i ti Mae arnat ti arno fe arni hi arnoch chi arnyn nhw bum punt i fi

Faint sy arna i i ti? Oes arnat ti arian i fi?

How much do I owe you? Wnei di dderbyn IOU?

Tala i fen l i ti yfory Ill pay him back tomorrow Rhoia i fen l i ti wythnos nesa Cei di fen l cyn bo hir Wnei di dderbyn IOU?

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred:
(Wyt) ti wedi talur biliau i gyd? Ydw. Roedd y taflenni ar posterin gostus iawn. Dw in sylweddoli hynny. Tybed pwy oedd y tri? Ti, fi a Myfanwy, dw in credu. Dy diwtor Cymraeg di? Ie. Meddylia, dim ond tair pleidlais ar l yr holl waith yna. Ar holl arian yna, cofia. Ie, Sandra, dw in gwybod. Mae arna i bopeth i ti! 166

Geirfa Mae arna i ... (TM) dyled (b) poster(i) costus yr holl (TM) derbyn (derbyni-) sylweddoli (sylweddol-) popeth tybed

I owe ... debt poster(s) costly

- all the - to accept - to realise everything - I wonder

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 57 Cyfieithwch: 1. I owe you 5. 2. You owe me 2. 3. He owes her 4. 4. I dont owe you anything. 5. How much do I owe you? 6. Will you accept a cheque? 7. Ill pay you back before long. 8. Only three votes. 9. I realise that. 10. The posters were very costly. 11. After all that work 12. I owe you everything! Ysgrifennwch chwe brawddeg am Sandra, e.e. Mae Sandran briod Gordon, Mae hi wedi ennill y loteri ac ati. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. TM ar l arna i, arnat ti ac ati. e.e. Mae arni hi ddwy bunt i fi; Mae arnat ti beint i fi.

168

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Wyth Cyhuddo Accusing Arnat ti maer bai! Arno fe maer bai! Arni hi maer bai! Ar Ffred maer bai! Fi dalodd y bil! Fi wnaeth y bwyd! Fi gafodd yr arian! Fi enillodd! ddim Ffred! Ti oedd yn gyfrifol! Ti oedd yn dwp! Ti oedd yn mynnu! Ti oedd yn gofyn!
Its your fault!

I paid the bill!

... not Ffred! You were responsible!

Ti wnaeth hyn? Did you do this? Ti wnaeth y llanast yma? Ti dorrodd hwn? Ti aeth fe? ... Nage, fe wnaeth! ... No, he did!

Arnat ti maer bai!

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

(Wyt) tin sylweddoli bod dim arian ar l yn y cyfrif banc? Wel, ti fynnodd brynur t ma! Ie, mae hynnyn wir. A ti fynnodd sefyll yn yr etholiad hurt yna! Paid fy atgoffa i. Ond (Rwyt) tin gwybod Beth? Dw in llawer hapusach bod yn dlawd!

Geirfa bai mynnu (mynn-) llanast cyfrif banc hurt atgoffa (atgoff-) tlawd

- blame - to insist - mess bank account - absurd - to remind - poor

169

Gwaith Cartre Uned 58 Cyfieithwch: 1. Im much happier being poor! 2. Dont remind me. 3. Thats true. 4. You insisted (on) buying this house! 5. Do you realise that theres no money left in the bank account? 6. Its his fault! 7. I paid the bill! 8. Did you take it? 9. Its you who was asking! 10. I won, not Tom!

Atebwch yn l yr enghraifft: A. Ti brynodd y got yma? A. Ffred enillodd y gm? A. Y plant gafodd yr arian? A. Ti wnaeth y llun yma? ( ) () () B. Ie, fi brynodd hi. B. ............. () B. .............

B. ............. B. ............. ( ) B. .............

A. Sandra ofynnodd gwestiwn? () A. Nhw fwytodd y bananas i gyd?

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Gyda brawddeg emphatig, defnyddiwch ffurf 3 ydd person unigol y ferf (With emphatic sentences, use the 3 rd person singular form of the verb), e.e. Fi dalodd y bil; Y plant oedd yn ddrwg; Ni fydd yn ennill

170

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Pum Deg Naw Gwadu a Derbyn Bai Denying and Accepting Blame *Ddi m arna i arno fe arni hi ar y plant (Doe ) s dim bai ar neb Peidiwch rhoir bai ar neb Damwain oedd hi! Don i ddim na Don i ddim yn agos ir lle Don i ddim yn bwriadu (gw)neud ... Don i ddim yn bwriadu cyffwrdd fe
No-ones to blame

oedd bai!

It wasnt my fault!

I wasnt there

Dylwn i fod wedi bod yn gofalus fwy gweithgar diolchgar amyneddgar

I should have been more careful

Gallwn wedi

fod helpu (gw)neud rhywbeth (gw)neud ymdrech cynnig help llaw

I could have helped

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Dylwn i fod wedi ymgyrchu mwy, dw in meddwl. Allet ti ddim bod wedi (gw)neud mwy. Ddylwn i ddim bod wedi hala dy arian di i gyd. Wel, gallwn i fod wedi gwrthod ei roi fe i ti. Beth am y babi? Sut allwn i fod wedi bod mor ddifeddwl? (Doe ) s dim bai ar neb, Ffred. O leia cest ti ddigon o gyfle i ymarfer dy Gymraeg di!

Geirfa gwadu (gwad-) cyffwrdd (TLl) gweithgar diolchgar amyneddgar ymgyrchu (ymgyrch-) ymgyrch (b) gwrthod difeddwl ymdrech (b) help llaw bwriadu gwneud

to deny to touch hardworking thankful patient to campaign

campaign to refuse thoughtless effort helping hand intend to (do something)

171

Clywch chi (You will hear): dim a nid hefyd

172

Gwaith Cartre Uned 59 Cyfieithwch: 1. Nobodys to blame. 2. How could I have been so thoughtless? 3. I shouldnt have spent all your money. 4. I should have campaigned more. 5. You couldnt have done more. 6. I should have been more patient. 7. I wasnt near the place. 8. It was an accident. 9. Hes not to blame. 10. You had plenty of opportunity to practise. Rhowch gynghorion (Give advice) ir bobol yma: A. Dw in rhy dew o lawer A. Mae Ffred wedi meddwi A. Mae hin dlawd iawn A. So nhw ar y trn A. Mae pen tost da fi B. Ddylet ti ddim bod wedi byta cymaint. B. .......... B. .......... B. .......... B. ..........

A. Does neb yn y pentre yn siarad fi.B. ..........

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Dylwn i fod wedi I should have Gallwn i fod wedi I could have

173

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Chwe Deg Mynegi meddiant Expressing possession Pwy sy biau hwn? Fi biau sy hwn / hon hwnna / honna rhain rheina Ti biau sy r beiro yna? r fflasg yna? r daflen yna? r ymbarl yna? Eich gwaith eich hunan yw hwn? Dy waith dy hunan yw hwn? Ei waith ei hunan yw hwn? Ei gwaith ei hunan yw hwn? Eu gwaith eu hunain yw hwn? Dw in taw credu meiro mhapur nghoffi ngeiriad ur
Is this your own work? Is this your biro? Who does this belong to? This is mine

i yw hwnna

I believe thats my birio

Dyddiadur Sandra Roedd hin ddiwrnod rhyfedd heddi. Des i o hyd i rywbeth wrth olchi trowsus Ffred: dau docyn i weld ffilm yn Aberystwyth. Dw in gwybod taw Ffred sy biau nhw, achos dyna pryd aeth e gydar dosbarth i Aberystwyth. Gobeithio bod esboniad da da fe, neu bydd e mewn trwbwl. Maer babin cicio heddi, a dw in meddwl y rhoia i gic iw dad e pan ddaw en l or dosbarth nes ymlaen. Ta beth, dim llawer o wythnosau i fynd nawr.

Geirfa ymbarl geiriadur rhyfedd esboniad dyddiadur meddiant trwbwl ta beth hwn hon hwnna honna rhain rheina

- umbrella - dictionary - strange - explanation - diary - possession - trouble - anyway this (one) (masc.) - this (one) (fem.) that (one) (masc.) - that (one) (fem.) - these - those

174

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Gwaith Cartre Uned 60 Ysgrifennwch eich dyddiadur chi am un diwrnod yr wythnos yma:

Dydd .
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. This and that! hwn hon hwnna honna rhain rheina - this (one) (masc.) - this (one) (fem.) - that (one) (masc) - that (one) (fem.) - these (ones) - those (ones)

2. Use yma and yna after nouns, e.g. this course = y cwrs yma; that coffee = y coffi yna 3. Dyma sut mae piau yn fi sy biau ... ti sy biau ... fe / hi sy biau ... rhedeg (Here is how piau is conjugated): ni sy biau ... chi sy biau ... nhw sy biau ...

Negyddol: Ddim / Dim / Nid fi sy biau ...

176

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Chwe Deg Un Estyn, derbyn a gwrthod gwahoddiad Extending, accepting and refusing an invitation Ddewch chi nos draw Ddoi di draw nos nos nos Wener? Sadwrn? Sul? Lun?
I will (come), if I can Will you come over on Friday night??

Do i, os galla i Maen flin da fi, ond alla i ddim Diolch am y gwahoddiad Diolch am y cynnig Ddo i ddim wrth fy hunan Beth am Ffred / Sandra ? Ddeith e ddim wrth ei hunan Ddeith hi ddim wrth ei hunan Ddown ni ddim wrth ein hunain Ddn nhw ddim wrth eu hunain

What about Ffred / Sandra? He wont come by himself

Gwahoddir chi i

BALAS BUCKINGHAM
i arddwest a karoake gydar teulu

D E W C H P H OT E L !

Dyddiadur Ffred Ffred! Rwyt tin athrylith! Roedd Sandra wedi cael gafael ar ddau docyn sinema ym mhoced nhrowsus neithiwr. Don i ddim moyn iddi hi wybod taw gyda Myfanwy es i i weld y ffilm. Dwedes i mod i wedi bod i weld Hedd Wyn gyda un or dysgwyr eraill. Chwarae teg i Sandra, roedd hin nghredu i, yn enwedig ar l i fi roi gwahoddiad iddi ddod i barti diwedd tymor y dosbarth Cymraeg nos Wener nesa, ar l yr arholiad.

Geirfa gwahodd gwahoddiad wrth fy hunan athrylith cael gafael ar yn enwedig chwarae teg ir dim pleser or mwya garddwest (b)

to invite invitation by myself genius to get hold of especially fair play exactly with great pleasure garden party

177

Gwaith Cartre Uned 61 Gorffennwch y brawddegau yma: 1. Ddewch ______________ draw nos Wener? 2. Diolch _________________ y gwahoddiad. 3. ______________________ e ddim wrth ei hunan. 4. Ddn nhw ddim wrth eu ________________. 5. Pleser or _______________________. Cyfieithwch y brawddegau yma: 1. That ones mine. 2. Is that your homework? 3. Is this your own work? 4. I think thats my paper. 5. He will be in trouble. 6. I think Ill give his father a kick. 7. Will you come over Monday night? 8. Ill come if I can. 9. I wont come by myself. 10. Thanks for the offer. 11. Youre a genius. 12. Anyway. Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Dyma ddyfodol (future) dod: do i doi di deith e / hi [daw] deith y plant come down ni dewch chi dn nhw (Gw. Atodiad 1, t. 157.) I will come You will come He / She will come the children We will come You will come They will come

will

178

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Chwech Deg Dau Hebrwng - To Escort Do i gyda ti ar eich l chi yn gwmni i chi ich hebrwng chi
Ill come with you

Cer

ar ei l e! ar ei hl hi! ar eu hl nhw! ar l Ffred!

Go after him

Do i i dy hebrwng di!
Well go to your house

Awn ni

i (ch) t chi i(w) d fe i(w) th hi i(w) t nhw

Maen flin da fi ond sai n gallu

dod mynd bod na eich hebrwng chi

Sorry but I cant come

Deialog Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ffred: Sandra: Ddoi di ir parti erbyn chwech? (Gw)naf. Bydda in barod erbyn hynny. Maen flin da fi, ond rhaid i fi frysio. Pryd maer arholiad yn dechrau? Am chwarter wedi naw. Maer cyfweliad llafar am dri. Pob lwc cariad. Gwela i di heno.

Geirfa hebrwng brysio (brysi-) cyfweliad llafar cadw cwmni i (TM)

to escort to make haste interview oral (some-

- to keep one) company

179

Gwaith Cartre Uned 62 Ysgrifennwch nodyn at weddill y dosbarth yn rhoi gwahoddiad iddyn nhw i barti diwedd tymor. Rhowch y manylion: ble, pryd, cost, ar anrheg ir tiwtor wrth gwrs!

Annwyl ..................................................................................... ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. Pob hwyl!
Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. i + ei > iw (to his / to her) i + eu = iw (to their) Maer treigladau yn aros yr un peth. e.e Aeth e iw ddosbarth e, Aeth hi iw th hi.

180

Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned Chwe Deg Tri Dweud beth dych chi i fod iw wneud Saying what youre supposed to do Beth dych chi i fod i (w)neud? Dyn ni i fod i weithio ymarfer adolygu siarad Cymraeg
What are you supposed to do? We are supposed to work

(Wyt) (Wyt) (Wyt) (Wyt)

ti i fod yma? ti i fod i fynd? ti i fod i alw? ti i fod i ofyn?

Are you supposed to be here?

Ydych chin meddwl y byddwn nin rhugl?

fluent?

Do

you

think

we

will

be

Ydych chin meddwl y bydd na gwrs arall? Ydych chin meddwl y bydd Ffred a Sandran hapus? Ydych chin meddwl y deith y tiwtor yn l y flwyddyn nesa? Dw i i fod i weithio heddi!

Deialog Sandra: Ffred:

(ar y ffn)
Ffred! Ti sy yna? Cariad! Ble (Rwyt) ti? Maer parti newydd ddechrau! G(w)randa, alli di ddod adre? Ond dyn ni moyn dathlu diwedd y cwrs ar arholiad. Dere adre nawr, neu bydd brawd bach Bendigeidfran wedi dod ir byd ar garped y gegin! Nefoedd! Bydda i yna mewn chwinciad. 181

Geirfa i fod i (TM) dathlu (dathl-) carped cegin (b) mewn chwinciad Nefoedd! amal

supposed to to celebrate carpet kitchen very shortly!

Sandra: Ffred: Sandra:

Good heavens! - frequent

Ffred:

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Cwrs Sylfaenol Ceredigion Uned 63 Cyfieithwch: 1. Im sorry but I cant be there. 2. Well go to her house. 3. Ill sit by him. 4. Go after them. 5. Ill come to escort you. 6. Ill be there in a tick. 7. We want to celebrate the end of the course. 8. Do you think well be fluent? 9. Are you supposed to be here? 10. Were supposed to work. 11. What are you supposed to do? 12. The partys just started!

Pwyntiau iw cofio: 1. Defnyddiwch y fel cystylltydd (link-word) yn y dyfodol (future) ar amodol (conditional): Dw in meddwl ei fod e - I think (that) he is / was Dw in meddwl y bydd e - I think (that) he will be Dw in meddwl y byddai fe - I think (that) he would

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SESIWN ADOLYGU (Ar l Uned 63) Ydych chi wedi mwynhaur cwrs? Beth och chin ei hoffi am y cwrs? Beth nad och chi yn ei hoffi? Beth oedd y peth mwya anodd? Ydych chin gobeithio gwneud cwrs arall? Ydych chin siarad Cymraeg tu fas ir dosbarth? Gwrandewch ar y tp ac atebwch y cwestiynau yma: 1. Pryd dechreuodd Mary ddysgu Cymraeg? 2. Sut dechreuodd hi ddysgu? 3. Faint yw oedran ei phlant hi? 4. Beth oedd y peth mwya anodd am ddysgu Cymraeg? 5. Beth oedd yn ei gwneud hin bosib iddi hi fynd ir dosbarth? 6. Pa mor amal oedd y dosbarth yn cwrdd? 7. Faint o bobol oedd yn y dosbarth? 8. Beth oedd yn gyffredin ir bobol yma? 9. Beth yw cyngor Mary i bobol syn dechrau dysgu Cymraeg? 10. Pam roedd hin lwcus? Ysgrifennwch eiriau addas i B: A. Bore da. Fi yw mam Gareth sydd yn nosbarth tri. B. __________________________________________________________________ A. Gallwch. Mae bachgen arall yn ei ddosbarth syn gas wrtho fe. B. __________________________________________________________________ A. Ers sbel. So fe moyn mynd ir ysgol o gwbwl. B. __________________________________________________________________ A. Ie. Dim ond y mis diwetha y daeth e ir ysgol. B. __________________________________________________________________ A. Wnewch chi? Diolch, Mr. Jones. Ddylwn ni siarad r brifathrawes? B. __________________________________________________________________

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Gwaith Cartre (Sesiwn Adolygu - Ar l Uned 63) Ysgrifennwch ddarn am eich profiadau (experiences) chin dysgu Cymraeg hyd yn hyn - y pethau da ar pethau anodd. (Dim mwy na 150 o eiriau).

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Atodiad 1

C RY N O D E B O RA M A D E G Y C W R S S Y L FA E N O L
A BRIEF SUMMARY OR THE GRAMMAR OF THE BASIC WELSH COURSE
BERFAU (VERBS) There are really two verbal systems in Welsh: 1. The SYNTHETIC or simple system, where a SUFFIX is added to the STEM of the verb to show person and tense, e.g. by adding the suffix -och chi to dysg- (the stem of the verb dysgu to learn), we get the 2nd person plural past form: dysgoch chi you learnt. There are two tenses which are formed in this way: i) the simple past 2. ii) the simple future

The PERIPHRASTIC or long system, based on the verb BOD to be. What we have here are personal forms of the verb bod (which gives the general tense), followed by a VERB-NOUN (to denote the specific action), and connected by an ASPECT MARKER, or link-word: yn denotes an unfinished, or IMPERFECT, action; while wedi denotes a completed, or PERFECT, action, e.g. an unfinished action in the present, such as Phil is writing is expressed by the 3rd person present form of bod, mae + the imperfect link-word yn + the verb-noun ysgrifennu = Mae Phil yn ysgrifennu.

1. SIMPLE VERBS Berfau Rheolaidd (Regular Verbs) Gweld to see Gorffennol (Past) Gweles i I saw Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) Un. 1. Gweles i 2. Gwelest ti 3. Gwelodd e / hi Llu. 1. Gwelon ni 2. Gweloch chi 3. Gwelon nhw Un. 1. Weles i ddim 2. Welest ti ddim 3. Welodd e / hi ddim Negyddol (Negative) Llu. 1. Welon ni ddim 2. Weloch chi ddim 3. Welon nhw ddim

Gofynnol (Interrogative) Un. 1. Weles i ..? 2. Welest ti ..? 3. Welodd e / hi ..? Dyfodol (Future) Gwela i Ill see Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Gwela i 2. Gweli di 3. Gwelith e / hi Gofynnol Un. 1. Wela i ..? 2. Weli di ..? 3. Welith e / hi ..? Llu. 1. Welwn ni ..? 2. Welwch chi ..? 3. Welan nhw ..? Llu. 1. Gwelwn ni 2. Gwelwch chi 3. Gwelan nhw Negyddol Un. 1. Wela i ddim 2. Weli di ddim 3. Welith e / hi ddim Llu. 1. Welwn ni ddim 2. Welwch chi ddim 3. Welan nhw ddim Llu. 1. Welon ni ..? 2. Weloch chi ..? 3. Welon nhw ..?

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BERFAU AFREOLAIDD (Irregular Verbs) Mynd to go Gorffennol Es i I went Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Es i 2. Est ti 3. Aeth e / hi Gofynnol Un. 1. Es i ..? 2. Est ti ..? 3. Aeth e / hi ..? Yr Amser Dyfodol A i Ill go Cadarnhaol Un. 1. A i 2. Ei di 3 Eith e / hi Llu. 1. Awn ni 2. Ewch chi 3. n nhw Negyddol Un. 1. A i ddim 2. Ei di ddim 3. Eith e / hi ddim Llu. 1. Awn ni ddim 2. Ewch chi ddim 3. n nhw ddim Llu. 1. Aethon ni ..? 2. Aethoch chi ..? 3. Aethon nhw ..? Llu. 1. Aethon ni 2. Aethoch chi 3. Aethon nhw Negyddol Un. 1. Es i ddim 2. Est ti ddim 3. Aeth e / hi ddim Llu. 1. Aethon ni ddim 2. Aethoch chi ddim 3. Aethon nhw ddim

Sometimes, aiff is written instead of eith in the 3rd pers. singular. Gofynnol Un. 1. A i ..? 2. Ei di ..? 3. Eith e / hi ..? Dod to come Gorffennol Des i I came Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Des i 2. Dest ti 3. Daeth e / hi Yr Amser Dyfodol Do i Ill come Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Do i 2. Doi di 3 Deith e / hi Llu. 1. Down ni 2. Dewch chi 3. Dn nhw Negyddol Un. 1. Ddo i ddim 2. Ddoi di ddim 3. Ddeith e / hi ddim Llu. 1. Ddown ni ddim 2. Ddewch chi ddim 3. Ddn nhw ddim Llu. 1. Daethon ni 2. Daethoch chi 3. Daethon nhw Negyddol Un. 1. Ddes i ddim 2. Ddest ti ddim 3. Ddaeth e / hi ddim Llu. 1. Ddaethon ni ddim 2. Ddaethoch chi ddim 3. Ddaethon nhw ddim Llu. 1. Awn ni ..? 2. Ewch chi ..? 3. n nhw ..?

Sometimes, daw is written instead of deith in the 3rd pers. singular. Gwneud to do / make Gorffennol Gwnes i I did / made Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Gwnes i 2. Gwnest ti 3. Gwnaeth e / hi Llu. 1. Gwnaethon ni 2. Gwnaethoch chi 3. Gwnaethon nhw Negyddol Un. Llu. 1. Wnes i ddim 1. Wnaethon ni ddim 2. Wnest ti ddim 2. Wnaethoch chi ddim 3. Wnaeth e / hi ddim 3. Wnaethon nhw ddim

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Dyfodol Gwna i Ill do / make Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Gwna i 2. Gwnei di 3 Gwneith e / hi Llu. 1. Gwnawn ni 2. Gwnewch chi 3. Gwnn nhw Un. 1. Wna i ddim 2. Wnei di ddim 3. Wneith e / hi ddim Negyddol Llu. 1. Wnawn ni ddim 2. Wnewch chi ddim 3. Wnn nhw ddim

Cael to have, get Gorffennol Ces i I had, got Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Ces i 2. Cest ti 3. Cafodd e / hi Dyfodol Ca i Ill get Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Ca i 2. Cei di 3 Ceith e / hi Llu. 1. Cawn ni 2. Cewch chi 3. Cn nhw Un. 1. Cha i ddim 2. Chei di ddim 3. Cheith e / hi ddim Negyddol Llu. 1. Chawn ni ddim 2. Chewch chi ddim 3. Chn nhw ddim Llu. 1. Cawson ni 2. Cawsoch chi 3. Cawson nhw Un. 1. Ches i ddim 2. Chest ti ddim 3. Chafodd / hi ddim Negyddol Llu. 1. Chawson ni ddim 2. Chawsoch chi ddim 3. Chawson nhw ddim

Sometimes, caiff is written instead of ceith in the 3rd pers. singular. Gorffennol Bod I was ill yesterday (when referring to a specific period of time) Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Bues in dost ddoe 2. Buest tin dost ddoe 3. Buodd e / hin dost ddoe 1. LONG VERBS Presennol Amherffaith (Present Imperfect) Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) I go / Im going
Un. 1. Dw in mynd 2. Rwyt tin mynd 3. Mae e / hin mynd Llu. 1. Dyn nin mynd 2. Dych chin mynd 3. Maen nhwn mynd (Set 1)

Llu. 1. Buon nin dost ddoe 2. Buoch chin dost ddoe 3. Buon nhwn dost ddoe

Negyddol (Negative) I dont go / Im not going

Un. 1. Dw i ddim yn mynd 2. Dwyt ti ddim 3. Dyw e / hi ddim 1. Sa in mynd 2. So tin mynd 3. So fe / hin mynd Llu. 1. Dyn ni ddim yn mynd 2. Dych chi ddim yn mynd 3. Dyn nhw ddim yn mynd 1. So nin mynd 2. So chin mynd 3. So nhwn mynd

(Set 2)

Gofynnol (Interrogative) Do I go? / Am I going? Un. 1. Ydw in mynd? 2. Wyt tin mynd? 3. Ydy e / hin mynd? Llu. 1. Ydyn nin mynd? 2. Ydych chin mynd? 3. Ydyn nhwn mynd? Negyddol (Negative) I havent gone
Llu. 1. Dyn ni wedi mynd 2. Dych chi wedi mynd 3. Maen nhw wedi mynd (Set 1) Un. Llu. 1. Dw i ddim wedi mynd 1. Dyn ni ddim wedi mynd 2. Dwyt ti ddim wedi mynd 2. Dych chi ddim wedi mynd 3. Dyw e/hi ddim wedi mynd 3. Dyn nhw ddim wedi mynd 1. Sa i wedi mynd 1. So ni wedi mynd

Presennol Perffaith (Present Perfect) Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) I have gone

Un. 1. Dw i wedi mynd 2. Rwyt ti wedi mynd 3. Mae e/hi wedi mynd

(Set 2)

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2. So ti wedi mynd 3. So fe / hi wedi mynd

2. So ti wedi mynd 3. So nhw wedi mynd

Gofynnol (Interrogative) Have I gone? Un. 1. Ydw i wedi mynd? 2. Wyt ti wedi mynd? 3. Ydy e / hi wedi mynd? Llu. 1. Ydyn ni wedi mynd? 2. Ydych chi wedi mynd? 3. Ydyn nhw wedi mynd?

Brawddegau Enwol (Identification Sentences) Im Phil Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) Un. 1. ... ydw i 2. ... wyt ti 3. ... yw e / hi Dyfodol I will (be) Dyfodol Amherffaith (Future Imperfect) Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) I will be going Cadarnhaol
Un. 1. Bydda in mynd 2. Byddi din mynd 3. Bydd e / hin mynd Llu. 1. Byddwn ni 2. Byddwch chi 3. Byddan nhw

Negyddol (Negative) Un. 1. Dim ... ydw i 2. Dim ... wyt ti 3. Dim ... yw e / hi Llu. 1. Dim ... ydyn ni 2. Dim ... ydych chi 3. Dim ... ydyn nhw

Llu. 1. ... ydyn ni 2. ... ydych chi 3. ... ydyn nhw

Negyddol (Negative) I wont be going Negyddol

Un. 1. Fydda i ddim yn mynd 2. Fyddi di ddim yn mynd 3. Fydd e / hi ddim yn mynd Llu. 1. Fyddwn ni ddim yn mynd 2. Fyddwch chi ddim yn mynd 3. Fyddan nhw ddim yn mynd

Gofynnol (Interrogative) Will I (be) go(ing)? Un. 1. Fydda in mynd? 2. Fyddi din mynd? 3. Fydd e /hin mynd? Llu. 1. Fyddwn nin mynd? 2. Fyddwch chin mynd? 3. Fyddan nhwn mynd?

Dyfodol Perffaith (Future Perfect) Cadarnhaol (Affirmative) I will have gone Cadarnhaol Un. 1. Bydda i wedi mynd 2. Byddi di wedi mynd 3. Bydd e / hi wedi mynd Llu. 1. Byddwn ni wedi mynd 2. Byddwch chi wedi mynd 3. Byddan nhw wedi mynd

Gorffennol Amherffaith (Past Imperfect) I was going / I used to go Cadarnhaol

Un. 1. ron in mynd 2. rot tin mynd 3. roedd e / hin mynd Llu. 1. ron nin mynd 2. roch chin mynd 3. ron nhwn mynd Un. 1. don i ddim yn mynd 2. dot ti ddim 3. doedd e / hi ddim

Negyddol
Llu. 1. don ni ddim yn mynd 2. doch chi ddim yn mynd 3. don nhw ddim yn mynd

Gofynnol (Interrogative) Was I going? / Did I used to go?? Un. 1. On in mynd? 2. Ot tin mynd? 3. Oedd e /hin mynd? Llu. 1. On nin mynd? 2. Och chin mynd? 3. On nhwn mynd?

Gorffennol Perffaith (Past Perfect) I had gone

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Cadarnhaol Un. 1. ron i wedi mynd 2. rot ti wedi mynd 3. roedd e / hi wedi mynd YR AMODOL (THE CONDITIONAL) Although the coditional isnt a tense in the strict meaning of the word, it follows the imperfect / perfect pattern of the other tenses: YR AMODOL AMHERFFAITH (THE IMPERFECT CONDITIONAL) Cadarnhaol I would go
Un. Llu. Un. 1. bydden nin mynd 2. byddech chin mynd 3. bydden nhwn mynd 1. fyddwn i ddim yn mynd 2. fyddet ti ddim yn mynd 3. fydde fe / hi ddim yn mynd 1. byddwn in mynd byddet tin mynd 3. bydde fe / hin mynd

Llu. 1. ron ni wedi mynd 2. roch chi wedi mynd 3. ron nhw wedi mynd

Negyddol I wouldnt go
Llu. 1. fydden ni ddim yn mynd. 2. fyddech chi ddim yn mynd 3. fydden nhw ddim yn mynd

Un.

Llu. 1. bydden nin mynd? 2. fyddech chin mynd? 3. fydden nhwn mynd?

1. fyddwn in mynd? 2. fyddet tin mynd? 3. fydde fe / hin mynd?

The stem can also be bas-, e.g. baswn in mynd, faset ti ddim yn credur peth. YR AMODOL PERFFAITH (THE PERFECT CONDITIONAL) Cadarnhaol I would have gone Un. Llu. 1. bydden ni wedi mynd 2. byddech chi wedi mynd 3. bydden nhw wedi mynd 1. byddwn i wedi mynd 2. byddet ti wedi mynd 3. bydde fe / hi wedi mynd THE CONDITIONAL IF Cadarnhaol If I were to go Un. 1. swn in mynd 2. set tin mynd 3. se fe / hin mynd Llu. 1. sen nin mynd 2. sech chin mynd 3. sen nhwn mynd

The full form is petaswn i ... etc. YR GORCHMYNNOL (THE IMPERATIVE) In Welsh, there are five ways of telling someone to do something. The two most common are given in this course, namely the formal and familiar you commands: (i) The familiar you command (second person singular)

The familiar you command usually corresponds to to verb stem. It is used when addressing children, animals and close friends: VERB clywed to hear darllen to read edrych to look eistedd to sit galw to call rhedeg to run sefyll to stand STEM clywdarllenedrycheisteddgalwrhedsafIMPERATIVE clyw! darllen! edrych! eiste(dd)! galw! rhed! saf!

If the verb-noun is formed from a noun or an adjective (usually ones that end in -i, -io or u), -a is added to the stem to form the familiar you command:

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VERB dihuno to wake up ffonio to telephone gweithio to work meddwl to think neidio to jump stopio to stop ysgrifennu to write

STEM dihunffonigweithimeddylineidistopiysgrifenn-

IMPERATIVE dihuna! ffonia! gweithia! meddylia! neidia! stopia! ysgrifenna!

Here are the most common irregular forms: VERB mynd to go dod to come peidio dont bod to be (ii) FAMILIAR YOU COMMAND cer! dere! paid! bydd ..!

The formal you command (second person plural)

The formal you command is formed by adding -wch to the verb stem. It is used when addressing strangers, older people (as a mark of respect), and more than one person, directly: VERB clywed to hear codi to lift, get up darllen to read dihuno to wake up edrych to look eistedd to sit ffonio to telephone galw to call gweithio to work meddwl to think neidio to jump peidio dont rhedeg to run sefyll to stand stopio to stop ysgrifennu to write STEM clywcoddarllendihunedrycheisteddffonigalwgweithimeddylineidipeidirhedsafstopiysgrifennFORMAL COMMAND clywch codwch darllenwch dihunwch edrychwch eisteddwch ffoniwch galwch gweithiwch meddyliwch neidiwch peidiwch rhedwch safwch stopiwch ysgrifennwch

BERFAU DIFFYGIOL (DEFECTIVE VERBS) Defective verbs are those which do not possess the full range of tenses and / or personal forms: (i) Meddai said Meddai means said and is used in quotative speech: Dw in mynd nawr, meddai fe Fi syn iawn, meddwn i Un. Llu. 1. medden ni 2. meddech chi 3. medden nhw Im going now, he said Im right, I said

1. meddwn i 2. meddet ti 3. meddai fe / hi (ii) Dylwn i I should Cadarnhaol I should go Un. Llu. 1. dylwn i fynd 2. dylet ti fynd 3. dyle fe / hi fynd (ii) Gallwn i I could Cadarnhaol I could go

1. dylen ni fynd 2. dylech chi fynd 3. dylen nhw fynd

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Un.

Llu. 1. gallen ni fynd 2. gallech chi fynd 3. gallen nhw fynd

1. gallwn i fynd 2. gallet ti fynd 3. galle fe / hi fynd

ARDDODIADAU RHEDIADOL (CONJUGATED PRONOUNS) Wrth by / near (dweud wrth = to tell) Un. Llu. 1. wrthon ni 2. wrthoch chi 3. wrthyn nhw 1. wrtha i 2. wrthot ti 3. wrtho fe (gwr.)(masc.) wrthi hi (ben.)(fem.) e.e.

Dwedodd Ffred wrtha i (Ffred told me)

I to / for Un. 1. i fi 2. i ti 3. iddo fe (gwr.) iddi hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. i ni 2. i chi 3. iddyn nhw

Rhaid i ni fynd (We must go)

O from / of Un. 1. ohona i 2. ohonat ti 3. ohono fe (gwr.) ohoni hi (ben.) Llu. 1. ohonon ni 2. ohonoch chi 3. ohonyn nhw

e.e. Weles i ddim ohonyn nhw I didnt see them Ar on Un. 1. arna i 2. arnat ti 3. arno fe (gwr.) arni hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. arnon ni 2. arnoch chi 3. arnyn nhw

Mae annwyd cas arni hi (She has a bad cold)

Am about / for Un. 1. amdana i 2. amdanat ti 3. amdano fe (gwr.) amdani hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. amdanon ni 2. amdanoch chi 3. amdanyn nhw

Chlywes i ddim sn amdano fe (I didnt hear any mention of it)

At to/for Un. 1. ata i 2. atat ti 3. ato fe (gwr.) ati hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. aton ni 2. atoch chi 3. atyn nhw

Hales i garden atyn nhw (I sent them a letter)

192

Dros over / on behalf of Un. 1. drosta i 2. drostot ti 3. drosto fe (gwr.) drosti hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. droston ni 2. drostoch chi 3. drostyn nhw

Wnewch chi ymddiheuro drosta i? (Will you apologise for me?)

RHAGENWAU (PRONOUNS) Y Rhagenwau Annibynnol (The Independent Pronouns) Un. 1. fi 2. ti 3. fe (gwr.) hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. ni 2. chi 3. nhw

Does dim car gyda fi (I havent got a car)

Y Rhagenwau Ategol (The Affixed Pronouns) Un. 1. i 2. di / ti 3. e / fe (gwr.) hi (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. ni 2. chi 3. nhw

Es i adre (I went home); dy gar di (your car)

Y Rhagenwau Cysylltiol (The Conjunctive Pronouns) Un. Llu. 1. ninnau 2. chithau 3. nhwthau (nwnte) Dw in o lew diolch, a chithau? Im alright thanks, and you? 1. finnau / innau 2. tithau / dithau 3. (f)yntau (gwr.) hithau (ben.) e.e. Sut dych chi? How are you?

Rhagenwau Dibynnol (Dependent Pronouns) 1. Blaen (Prefixed) Un. 1. fy (yn) 2. dy 3. ei (gwr.) (ben.) e.e. Llu. TT TM TM TLl (h o flaen llafariad 1. ein (yn) (h o flaen llafariad / in front of a vowel) 2. eich (ych) 3. eu (i) (h o flaen llafariad / in front of a vowel) / in front of a vowel)

fy nhad (my father)

2. Mewnol (Internal) Ar l (after) o, a, , gyda: Un. 1. 2. 3. i (gwr.) i (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. n 2. ch 3. u (h o flaen llafariad) (h o flaen llafariad)

TM TLl (h o flaen llafariad)

Sin ai frawd (Sin and her brother) Dewch gydach mam (Come with your mother)

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Ar l (after) i: Un. 1. 2. 3. w (gwr.) w (ben.) e.e. Llu. 1. n 2. ch 3. w (h o flaen llafariad) (h o flaen llafariad)

TT TLl (h o flaen llafariad)

Aeth e yn l iw d fe (He went back to his house)

194

Atodiad 2

G E I R FA / V O C A B U L A RY
a bod yn onest a dweud y gwir a finne a rhywbeth arall adeiladu (adeilad-) adre adroddiad(-au) Aelod(-au) Seneddol afiechyd(-on) am (TM) am dro amal amau (amheu-) amdani amser(-au) amynedd amyneddgar angel(-ion) anghofio (anghofi-) anifail (anifeiliaid) annwyd annwyl (TM) anobeithiol anodd apelio (apeli-) ar bigaur drain ar bwys ar ei ben ar gael ar hyn o bryd ar l ar y chwith ar y dde arall (eraill) arbennig arestio (aresti-) argyfwng (argyfyngau) arholiad(-au) aros (arhos-) ateb atgoffa (atgoff-) athrawes(-au) (b) athro (athrawon) athrylith aur awgrymu (awgrym-) awr (b) (oriau) awyddus bach banc(-iau) bai
195

to be honest to tell the truth and me (too) and another thing to build home(ward) report(-s) Member(-s) of Parliament illness(-es) about / regarding / at (time) for a walk frequent to doubt lit. for it / her time(-s); when (cnj.) patience patient (adj.) angel(-s) to forget animal (animals) cold dear hopeless difficult to appeal on tenterhooks near exactly available at the moment after on the left on the right other(s) special to arrest crisis (crises) examination(-s) to stay (to) answer to remind (female) teacher(-s) (male) teacher(-s) genius gold to suggest hour(-s) keen / eager small bank(-s) blame

becso bennu (benn-) benywaidd berwi (berw-) beth bynnag Beth syn bod? Beth? bisgen (b) (bisgedi) bisi / prysur Ble? blwyddyn (b) bodlon bol(-iau) bownd o braf braich (b) (breichiau) brawd (brodyr) brechdan(-au) (b) brecwast bron yn (TM) brysio (brys-) bwcio (bwci-) bwriadol bwriadu (bwriad-) bwriadu gwneud bwrw bwrw cesair bwrw eira bwrw glaw bwrw i lawr bwyd(-ydd) bwydlen(-ni) (b) bwyta (bwyt-) byddar byr byth byw byw (adj.) bywyd(-au) cacen(-nau) (b) cadair (b) (cadeiriau) cadw cadw cwmni i (TM) cael cael benthyg cael gafael ar (TM) cael gwaith cael gwared (TLl) caled call calon(-nau) (b) canol canolfan(-nau) canolfan hamdden
196

to worry (not conjugated) to finish feminine to boil anyway Whats the matter? What? biscuit(-s) busy Where? year content; willing belly (bellies) bound to fine arm(-s) brother(-s) sandwich(-es) breakfast nearly to hurry to book intentional to intend intend to (do something) to hit; to chuck (rain, snow, etc.) to hail to snow to rain knock down (run over) food(-s) menu(-s) to eat deaf short never to live (not conjugated) alive life (lives) cake(-s) chair(-s) to keep to keep (some-one) company to have / to get (irregular verb) to borrow to get hold of to have a job (doing something) get rid of hard sensible heart(-s) middle centre(-s) leisure centre

canol nos canu (can-) carchar (-dai) caredig cariad(-on) cario (cari-) cario clecs carped(-i) caru (car-) cas castell (cestyll) cath(-od) (b) cau (cae-) cefn(-au) cegin(-au) (b) cerdded (cerdd-) ci (cn) cinio clirio (cliri-) clust(-au) (b) clust-dlws (clust-dlysau) clywed (clyw-) coch cd(codau) post codi (cod-) coes(-au) (b) cofio (cofi-) cofio at cofion cynnes coleg(-au) colli (coll-) cornel(-i) (b) costus cot(-iau) (b) crac credu (cred-) croesi (croes-) croeson l cryf crynu (cryn-) crynoddisg cwmni (cwmnau) cwpaned cwrdd () cwrs dwys cwrw cwsg cwt (cytau) cwyno (cwyn-) cydymdeimlad(-au) cydymdeimlo (cydymdeiml-) cyfan cyfarfod cyfarwydd (TLl)
197

midnight to sing prison(-s) kind love(-s) to carry to gossip carpet(-s) to love nasty castle(-s) cat(-s) to close back(-s) kitchen(-s) to walk dog(s) dinner to clear ear(-s) ear-ring(-s) to hear red post code(-s) to get up leg(-s) to remember give regards to warm regards college(-s) to lose corner(-s) costly coat(-s) angry to believe to cross welcome back strong to shake CD company (companies) a cuppa to meet intensive course beer sleep tail to complain sympathy (sympathies) to sympathise whole / complete meeting familiar with

cyfarwyddiadau cyfeiriad(-au) cyffredinol cyffrous cyffwrdd (cyffyrdd-) (TLl) cyfle(-on) cyfleus cyflym cyfoethog cyfrif(-on) banc cyfrifol cyfweliad(-au) cyhuddo (cyhudd-) cylchfan(-nau) cymaint cymdeithasu (cymdeithas-) Cymraeg Cymraes(-au) (b) Cymro (Cymry) cymryd (cymer-) cymwynas(-au) (b) cymydog (cymdogion) cyn cyn bo hir cyn gynted phosib cyngerdd cynghorydd (cynghorwyr) cyngor cynharach cynnal (cynhali-) cynnar cynnwys cynnwys cynrychioli (cynrychiol-) cynulleidfa(-oedd) (b) cyrraedd (cyrhaedd-) cysgu (cysg-) cystal cytuno (cytun-) () chwaer (b) (chwiorydd) chwaith chwarae chwarae teg chwarter i ... (TM) chwarter wedi ... chwilio (chwili-) (am) dadlau (dadleu-) dal (dali-) damwain (b) (damweiniau) dan ei sang dant (dannedd) darllen dathlu (dathl-) dau lager amdani
198

instructions / directions address(-es) / direction(-s) general exciting to touch opportunity (oppurtunities) convenient fast rich bank account(-s) responsible interview(-s) to accuse roundabout(-s) so much to socialise Welsh (language) Welshwoman (-women) Welshman (-men); Welsh people to take favour(-s) neighbour(-s) before before long as soon as possible concert councillor(-s) council earlier to hold (an event) early contents to contain (not conjugated) to represent audience(-s) to arrive / reach to sleep so good / as well to agree (with) sister(-s) either to play fair play quarter to ... quarter past ... to look (search) (for) to argue / to debate to catch / to hold accident(-s) jam packed tooth (teeth) to read to celebrate two lagers it is

ddoe de deall dechrau (dechreu-) dedfrydu (defryd-) defnyddio (defnyddi-) deilen (b) (dail) derbyn (derbyni-) dere! dewis dianc (dihang-) dibynnu (dibynn-) diddorol difaru difeddwl diflas digon digwydd dim byd dim ond dinas(-oedd) (b) diog diolchgar disgrifio (disgrifi-) disgwyl (disgwyli-) diswyddo (diswydd-) di-waith dod (TLl) doniol dosbarth(-iadau) draw dros ben drosta i druan drud drwg drws (drysau) drws nesa i Duw a yr dw in casu dweud (dwed-) (wrth) dwyn (dwg-) dwyrain dy fod di dy hunan dyddiad(-au) dyddiadur(-on) dyfodol dyled(-ion) (b) dyma (TM) dymunol dyn(-ion) dyna i gyd dysgu (dysg-)
199

yesterday south to understand to start to sentence to use leaf (leaves) to accept come! (fam.) choice; to choose to escape to depend interesting to regret (not conjugated) thoughtless miserable enough to happen nothing only / just city (cities) lazy thankful to describe to expect to make redundant unemployed to bring (irregular verb) funny class(-es) over (there) extremely over me poor . expensive bad door (-s) next door to God knows I hate ... to tell to steal east that you are yourself (ti) date(-s) diary (diaries) future debt(-s) here is ... pleasant man (men) thats all to learn

echdoe edrych (ar) edrych ar l eglwys(-i) ei gilydd eich dau eich gilydd eich hunain ein dau ein gilydd eitha eleni enfawr ennill (enill-) enw(au) enwog er erbyn erbyn hyn erioed diddorol ers esboniad(-iadau) esbonio (esboni-) esgus(-odion) esgusodi (esgusod-) etholaeth(-au) (b) etholiad(-au) eto falle fan na fel na mae fel arall fel beth ffaelu (ffael-) ffatri (b) (ffatrau) ffenest(-ri) (b) ffilm(-iau) (b) ffindio (ffindi-) ffitio (ffiti-) ffn ffordd osgoi (b) ffrind(-iau) fydda i ddim gadael (gadaw-) Ga i fenthyg? gair (geiriau) gallu (gall-) galw gardd (b) (gerddi) garddwest (b) gartre geiriadur(-on) geni (gan-)
200

the day before yesterday to watch look after church(-es) each other (them) both of you each other (you) yourselves both of us each other (us) quite this year enormous to win name(-s) famous although by (time) by now ever interesting since explanation(-s) to explain excuse(-s) to excuse constituency (constituencies) election(-s) again / yet perhaps there (coll.) thats the way things are otherwise as what to fail (cant) factory (factories) window(-s) film(-s) to find to fit telephone bypass friend(-s) I will not be to leave May I borrow? word (words) to be able to to call garden(-s) garden party (at) home dictionary (dictionaries) to be born

glanhau (glanheu-) glas godderbyn (TLl) gofalus gofyn (gofynn-) (i) gogledd golau golau (goleuadau) golchi (golch-) golygus gonest gorau gorau po gynta gorffen (gorffenn-) gorffennol gorfod gorllewin gormod gorsaf (b) gwadu (gwad-) gwaeth gwaetha gwaethygu (gwaethyg-) gwahaniaeth(-au) gwahodd gwahoddiad gwaith gwallt gwan gwas (gweision) sifil gwddwg(-au) gweddill gweinydd(-ion) gweithgar gweithio (gweithi-) gweld (gwel-) gweld eisiau gwell gwella (gwell-) gwers(-i) (b) gwesty (gwestai) gwin(-oedd) gwisgo (gwisg-) gwlad (b) (gwledydd) gwln gwledig gwlyb gwneud gwneud dolur i (TM) gwobor (b) (gwobrau) gr (gwr) gwraig (b) (gwragedd) gwraig t (b) gwranda!
201

to clean blue opposite careful to ask north fair light(-s) to wash handsome honest best the sooner the better to finish past to have to (not conjugated) west too much station to deny worse worst to worsen difference to invite invitation work hair weak civil servant(-s) throat(s) remainder waiter(-s) hardworking to work to see to miss (see the need of) better to get better lesson(-s) hotel(s) wine(-s) to wear country (countries) wool rural wet to do / make (irregular verb) to hurt prize husband(-s) wife (wives) housewife listen! (fam.)

gwreiddiol gwrthod gwrywaidd gwybodaeth (b) gwych gwydr gwyliau gwyntog gyda (TLl) gyda llaw gydar nos hala (hal-) hanner awr wedi hanner dydd hanner tymor hardd hawdd hebrwng (hebryng-) heddi(w) heddlu hefyd heibio i (TM) help llaw helynt(-ion) hen hen ddigon heno hir hoff (TM) hoff o (TM) hoffi (hoff-) / lico (lic-) hl hollol hon honna hurt hwn hwnna hwyl hyd a lled hyd yn oed hyfryd I beth? i ffwrdd i fod i (TM) i mewn i nin dau ifanc (ifainc) jawl jiw, jiw! jodde (jodd-) lladd llaeth llafar
202

original to refuse masculine information / knowledge excellent glass holidays windy with by the way in the evening to spend; send half past midday half term beautiful easy to escort today police(force) as well past helping hand trouble(-s) / affray old (more than) enough tonight long favourite fond of to like to fetch (not conjugated) completely this one (fem.) that one (fem.) stupid this one (masc.) that one (masc.) fun length and breadth even lovely What for? away supposed to inside for us both young devil Well I never to suffer to kill milk oral

llai llai o faint llanast llawdriniaeth(-au) (b) llawer llawn llawn amser lle (llefydd) lleia lleidr (lladron) lleol llestri lliw Lloegr Llundain llwyddiannus llyfr(-au) llyfrgell(-oedd) (b) llygad (llygaid) llynedd llythyr(-on) lori (b) (lorau) lwcus mab (meibion) Mae arna i ... maen flin da fi magu (mag-) math(-au) manylion mawr meddal meddiant meddwl (meddyli-) meddyg(-on) meistr(-i) ml menyw(-od) (b) merch(-ed) (b) mesur mewn chwinciad mewn pryd meysydd chwarae miliwn (b) mis(-oedd) modfedd(-i) mor (TM) morgais (morgeisi) moyn / eisiau munud(-au) (b) mwy mwy o faint mwya mwyn mwynhau (mwynheu-)
203

less smaller mess surgery / operation(-s) lots full full time place (places) least / smallest thief (thieves) local dishes colour England London successful book(-s) library (libraries) eye(s) last year letter(-s) lorry (lorries) lucky son(-s) I owe ... Im sorry to bring up sort(-s) details big soft possession to think (or to mean) doctor(-s) master(-s) honey woman (women) daughter(-s) to measure very shortly! in time playing fields million month(-s) inch(-es) so mortgage(-s) to want (not conjugated) minute(-s) more bigger greatest / most mild enjoy

myfyriwr (myfyrwyr) myfyrwraig (b) (myfyrwragedd) (female) student(-s) mynd mynd (TLl) mynd yn draed moch mynnu (mynn-) na / nag nabod (not conjugated) place Nefoedd neges(-euon) (b) neis / hyfryd neithiwr nes / tan nes ymlaen neu (TM) newid newid (newidi-) newydd ... newyddion niwlog nofio (nofi-) o gwbwl o hyd o leia o werth or diwedd oed / oedran oer ofnadwy ond do fe? ond oni bai os alla i os bydd eisiau os na fyddwn ni ... pa ..? (TM) pa fath? pa un ..? pacio (paci-) paid sn! paid! (fam.) pallu (pall-) pam lai papur(-au) bro paper(-s) parod parsel(-i) pasio (pasi-) peidio (peidi-) peiriant (peiriannau) pl (b) (peli) pl-droed 204

(male) student(-s) to go (irregular verb) to take to get messy to insist than to know / recognise a person or Heavens! message(-s) nice last night until later on or change to change just (done ...) news foggy to swim at all still at least of value at last age cold awful / terrible ... didnt we? (tag used with the simple past) but if it were not for the fact (that) If I can if necessary if we wont be ... which ..? what sort? which one ..? to pack dont say! dont! to refuse why not Welsh language community ready parcel(-s) to pass to refrain from machine(-s) ball football

pell pellach pen(-nau) tost pen-blwydd(-i) penderfynu (penderfyn-) pen-glin (pengliniau) penstiff penwythnos(-au) perffaith pert peryglus peswch peth(-au) plaid (b) (pleidiau) pleidlais (b) (pleidleisiau) plentyn (plant) pleser or mwya pob / bob pob lwc pob un poced(-i) (b) poen(-au) poeni conjugated) poeth popeth popeth yn iawn poster(-i) potel(-i) (b) prawf pren prifathro (prifathrawon) priod priodi (priod-) profedigaeth(-au) (b) protestiwr (protestwyr) pryd o fwyd prynu (pryn-) prysur pwys pwysau pwysleisio (pwysleisi-) pwyso (pwys-) recordio (recordi-) rhaglen(-ni) (b) rhagor rhai rhain rhan amser rhedeg (rhed-) rheina rheolwr (rheolwyr) rheswm (rhesymau) rhesymol
205

far further headache(-s) birthday(-s) to decide knee(-s) stubborn weekend(-s) perfect pretty dangerous cough thing(-s) (political) party (parties) vote(-s) child(-ren) with great pleasure every best of luck every one pocket(-s) pain(-s) to trouble / bother (not hot everything OK, everythings fine poster(s) bottle(-s) test wood headmaster(-s) married to marry bereavement(-s) protester(-s) a meal to buy busy pound (weight) weight to emphasise to weigh to record programme(-s) more some these part time to run those manager(-s) / governor(-s) reason(-s) reasonable

rhieni rhif(-au) rhiw(-iau) (b) rhoi rhoi benthyg (i) rhoir gorau i (TM) rhugl rhwng rhwydd rhy (TM) rhyfedd rhywbeth rhywbryd rhywle sl salw salwch sawl sbectol sboncen (b) sefyll (saf-) sgwrs (b) / clonc siarad () siec(-iau) (b) siomedig sut siwgwr sir sir o fod slawer dydd smocio (smoci-) stilo (stil-) swnllyd swper swydd(-i) (b) swyddfa (b) (swyddfeydd) swyddfar heddlu sy(dd) sych syched sylweddoli (sylweddol-) symud syniad(-au) ta beth tafarn(-au) (b) taflen(-ni) (b) tafod(-au) taith (b) tal tamed (tameidiau) tan tanio (tani-) taro (tar-) taten (b) (tato)
206

parents number(-s) hill(-s) to give / to put to lend to give up fluent between easy too strange something sometime somewhere ill ugly illness how many / several spectacles squash to stand / to wait chat to talk (to) cheque(-s) disappointed how / what sort of sugar sure probably since ages to smoke to iron (clothes) noisy supper job(-s) office(-s) police station who / which is / are dry thirst to realise to move idea(-s) anyway pub(-s) sheet(-s) tongue(-s) journey / trip tall (small) piece(-s) until to set off to strike potato(s)

tawel te te tebyg i (TM) tegell(-au) teithio (teithi-) teledu tenau teulu(-oedd) tew tlawd tocyn(-nau) torri (torr-) torri i lawr tost tost tra tre(-fi) (b) tral (tr-) tro(-eon) troed (b) (traed) troedfedd(-i) (b) trowser (trowseri) trwbwl trwm trwsio (trwsi-) trwyr dydd trwyn(-au) tu flaen i (TM) tua (TLl) tu l i (TM) twll o le twp twyllo (twyll-) t (tai) tymer (b) tybed tyst(-ion) tystysgrif(-au) (b) tywyll uchel ugain munud wedi unig (TM) unman wedi meddwi wedi ymddeol wedyn Wir i ti! wrth wrth fy hunan wrth fy modd wrth gwrs wythnos nesa wythnos(-au) (b)
207

quiet tea then (tag) similar to kettle(s) to travel television thin family (families) fat poor ticket(-s) to break / cut to break down toast ill / sore while town(-s) to try turning(-s) foot (feet) foot (feet) (length) trouser(s) trouble heavy to fix all day nose(-s) in front of about, towards behind a rotten place stupid to deceive house(-s) temper I wonder witness (-es) certificate(-s) dark high twenty past only nowhere / anywhere drunk retired afterwards Honest to God! as / whilst by myself in my element / very happy of course next week week(-s)

y chwith y ddau y dde y rhan fwya yfed (yf-) yfory yng nghanol yma (ma) ymarfer ymbarl ymdrech (b) ymgeisydd (ymgeiswyr) ymgyrch(-oedd) (b) ymgyrchu (ymgyrch-) ymlacio (ymlaci-) yma yna yn enwedig yn hwyr neun hwyrach yn llygad ei le yno yn l yn ola yn syth yn union yn wreiddiol yn y canol yn y cawl Yr Alban yr holl (TM) yr un ysbyty ysgafn ysgol(-ion) (b) ysgrifennu ystafell(-oedd) (b)

the left both the right most to drink tomorrow in the middle of here practice, to practise umbrella effort candidate(-s) campaign(-s) to campaign to relax here there (in sight) especially sooner or later dead right / spot on there (not in sight) back / according to lastly straight exactly originally in the middle up the creek Scotland all the each hospital light school(-s) to write room(-s)

208