Civics test 3 Review

Names
William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal Prime Minister who introduced the unemployment insurance act of 1940 which is a small percentage of your wage goes to a fund in case of job loss. James Keegstra he was an Alberta high school teacher who taught that the Holocaust never happened. He made many negative comments about Jews. He was charged with willful promotion of hatred. The result was that he was convicted and the government said that your right to freedom of speech can be restricted. Pierre Trudeau He was a Prime Minister in Canada who adopted an official policy of multiculturalism in 1971. John Marshall a member of the Mikmaq tribe who was arrested for fishing out of season but the court ruled that the Mikmaq have a treaty allowing them to survive like this. Nisgaa This is a self governed tribe who gained a treaty with B.C. in 1999. Jean Lesage He was premier of Quebec in 1960. For the next 6 years he reformed the government to strengthen the French language and demand recognition of and power for Quebec. James Cross He was kidnapped by the FLQ on October 5, 1970. He was a British trade commissioner that was later released. Pierre Laporte He was kidnapped by the FLQ on October 10, 1970. He was later killed (accidentally). Rene Levesque He was the leader of the Parti Quebecois (PQ). He won Quebecs provincial election in 1976. He passed Bill 101. Jacques Parizeau the leader of Bloc Quebecois. He started a federal referendum in Quebec for a sovereign partnership. The problem was not many people knew what this meant. 93% of the people voted and 50.6% said no and 49.4% said yes, therefore they did not separate. Parizeau blamed the loss on money and the ethnic vote. Lucien Bouchard leader if the federal PC replaced hi at the provincial level. Henry Bourassa He was the premier of Quebec in 1974. He made French the only official language in Quebec. Brian Mulroney He was a Prime Minister. He made the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord. Elijah Harper He was an Oji-Cree member who opposed the motion of the Meech Lake Accord because the Aboriginal community had been left out.

Terms
Canadas Social Safety Net Social Safety Net helps minimize poverty and maximizes opportunities.

Unemployment Insurance Act 1940 Applied across Canada Passed by liberal government William Lyon Mackenzie King Required employees to pay a small percentage of their salary into insurance fund If lost job could collect money from fund Prevent poverty if a person lost their job

Baby Bonus Monthly sum to all mothers of young children Family allowance

Medical Care Act Guaranteed medical care to all citizens Paved way for a national health insurance program

Diversity Respect everyones rights to privacy and freedom to express their opinions (what are the limits?)

Tolerance vs. Acceptance Tolerance: tolerate the existence of other people and religion. However no effort to understand their culture or beliefs. Separate vs. tolerance = not kill but tolerate existence and have different communities Acceptance: implies an understanding and respect of other cultures and religions. Our society is mostly tolerance because less effort. This is bad but takes less effort and makes us appear good. Democratic Values in Action 1. Freedom to Worship Canada = secular (separate from government are they?) The people who make the laws have no say in deciding the peoples religious practices BUT

1. Catholic and Protestant values do make up the foundation of our society 2. It says God in our national anthem 3. Until recently Sunday was the only state sanctioned day of rest 4. Christmas and Easter are state sanctioned holidays 5. State funding for catholic schools 1999 Saskatchewan the Lords Prayer was banned from being said in the public school system. 2. Rule of Law The law applies equally to all people including citizens, police, government officials.. Judges interpret the laws to ensure they are being applied fairly What are the exceptions to the rule of law? The rich and famous are usually expectances 3. Freedom of Expression Essential to democracy to express your opinions and beliefs without fear from retaliation Pluralism the acceptance of varied beliefs and values Media (newspapers, television and radio) free to report events as they see fit Law prohibits libel (writing something that is not true and damaging a perons reputation) and slander (saying something that is not true and damaging a persons reputation) Reasonable limits = cannot promote hatred o Ex. James Keegstra (Alberta high schools teacher) taught that the Holocaust never happened, made many negative comments about the Jews charged with willful promotion of hatred .. Result: convicted Keegstra and said that his right to freedom of speech had to be restricted

Your mission as a Citizen Voting informed, responsibility not the only responsibility that a citizen in a democracy has 1. Understanding and obeying Canadian laws 2. Allowing other Canadians to enjoy their rights and freedoms 3. Helping to preserve Canadas diverse culture heritage.

The Canadian Mosaic 1. Canadian Citizenship 1. Some people are born in Canada their citizenship is received at birth 2. People not born in Canada have to go through a process called naturalization to become a citizen Components: 1. are at least 18 years old 2. have live in Canada for at least 3 of the previous 4 years 3. can speak, read, write, and understand English or French 4. Can pass a test on the rights and responsibilities of Canadians, Canadas history and geography, and Canadas political system 2. Multiculturalism Pierre Trudeau adopted an official policy of multiculturalism 1971 Cultural Mosaic peoples ethnic and cultural roots would be kept and celebrated US = melting pot (assimilated immigrants as quickly as possible) Is multiculturalism an essential part of Canada or does it weaken our society?

3. Regionalism Diverse regions The West, The Prairies, Central Canada, Quebec, The Maritimes. Regional history differs their culture and values differ Adds to the problems with unifying a country

Perspectives on First Founding Peoples. Aboriginal Perspectives Land Aboriginals saw the land as communal vs. European and individual land ownership Treaties Aboriginals focused on the spirit of the treaty vs. Europeans focus on the written contractual obligations

Indian Act 1876 - Aboriginals were places under British control without consulting them Placed Aboriginals on reserves not considered citizens, could not vote, outlawed certain Aboriginal festivals and rituals Reserves few jobs, excluded from society, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, poverty....destroyed Aboriginal life.

Right to Vote 1960 Constitution Act 1982 recognized their status

Confirming Mikmaq Treaty Rights (Court Case) John Marshall (a Mikmaq) was arrested for fishing out of season but the court ruled that the Mikmaq have a treaty allowing them to survive like this Treaties between the British and the Mikmaq in 1760-1761 Britain wanted the aboriginals to side with them vs. the French The treaties have never been studied until this court case in 1999 = violent conflicts between aboriginal fishers and others.

Nunavut: Canadas Newest Territory Canadas newest territory Inuit make up 85% of the area Population of 27 219 Inuit control the legislature 19 elected representatives (none of which belong to any political party) the premier is elected by the members of the legislature Goal to integrate traditional aboriginal values into a Canadian system of government Problems high unemployment, education levels are low, substance abuse problems, high suicide rate

Self Government for the Nisgaa Nisgaa gained treaty with British Columbia in 1999 (100 years to negotiate) Never signed treaties to give up their land or resources

May 4 1999 Treaty 1. Gave 6000 Nisgaa a form of self government 2. power to grant own citizenship 3. tax their own citizens 4. decide how to use their own land 5. own government, health care, education, justice system. The Quiet Revolution Anglophones vs. Francophone (English held most of the economic power even though the French outnumbered them) Movement the Francophones wanted the same economic, social and political opportunities as the English Jean Lesage premier of Quebec in 1960 for next 6 years he reformed the government to strengthen the French language and demand recognition of and power for Quebec. Separatist Movement was born

The Quiet Revolution Turns Violent Ideas of separatists were not unified some wanted a peaceful resolution and others thought they wanted it right away The Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) took up a campaign of terror, violence was their only answer o 1963-1970 bombings (200), Black Friday 17 bombs placed in mailboxes in Westmount o October 5, 1970 kidnapped James Cross (British trade commissioner) and five days later Pierre Laporte

Response = Pierre Trudeau and the War Measures Act Gave the government right to suspend civil rights in order to seek out and destroy the terrorist threat tanks rolled in with heavily armed soldiers (arrested and jailed without bail) October 18 Pierre Laportess body was found Cross was released four men were arrested The October Crisis was over but the separatists movement was about to grow louder.

Parti Quebecois( PQ) Led by Rene Levesque won Quebecs provincial in 1976 Less than 20% of people in Quebec favoured separating completely from Canada Sovereignty Association - keep economic ties but Quebec would control immigration, relations with other countries and who could become citizens 1980 referendum 60% voted against S.A

A Second Referendum 1994 leader Jacque Parizeau referendum October 30, 1995 Referendum a sovereign partnership but no one know what that actually meant 93% cast a vote 50.6% v. 49.4% (yes) Parizeau blamed the loss on money and the ethnic vote (racist comments got him in a lot of trouble) resigned Lucien Bouchard leader of the federal PQ replaced him at the provincial level

The Language Debate Language = a symbol to protect their culture

Trudeau (1969) passed the official Languages Act to make Canada bilingual. Henry Bourassa (1974) premier of Quebec) made French the only official language in the province

Bill 101 Levesque (premier 1977) passed bill 101 confirmed that only French was the official provincial language and it declared that only French could be used on business and road signs People continually battle this legislation as suppressive

The Meech Lake Accord Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau patriated the Constitution in 1982 without Quebecs consent This was a way to try to include Quebec after the fact it had five key points put fourth by Brian Mulroney in 1987 Components: 1. Quebec recognized as a distinct society 2. future amendments would require approval of Parliament and all 10 of the provinces 3. Supreme Court would be entrenched (put in) in the Constitution 4. Prime Minister would select Senators from a list submitted by the province they could veto choices 5. Provinces have the right to opt out of federally sponsored programs could receive the money instead. Results: Manitoba was the only province to say no Elijah Harper (an Oji-Cree member) opposed the notion because the aboriginal community had been left out Newfoundland got a new government and withdrew its approval

The Charlottetown Accord Second attempt to include Quebec 1992 Brian Mulroney Involved the public public discussions and debates were held, Aboriginal leaders were included, national referendum Tenets and Results: 1. ideas of the Meech Lake Accord 2. Amended Constitution to include Aboriginal Rights 3. Protection for workers collective bargaining, health care, social services 4. senate Reform 5 years elected terms Referendum 54.4% said no (most Quebec)

Vocabulary
1. Censorship - the act of examining books, films television programs, and other media to delta material or information that is considered offensive. In peacetime, governments sometimes introduce censorship to protect public morals or to stop the spread of political ideas they do not like. In wartime, it may be introduced to safeguard national security. 2. Civil Disobedience the refusal to obey laws in order to force a government to change the laws. 3. Libel The act of damaging someones reputation by writing something that is not true. 4. Medicare a tax-supported universal health-care program in which everyone has access to medical care regardless of income 5. Pluralism a system in which people of various cultural backgrounds coexist in one nation 6. Secular referring to the material world rather than the spiritual world. A secular state is a country in which religion and government are separate 7. Slander the act of damaging someones reputation by saying something that is not true 8. Social Safety Net an expression that refers to a range of tax-funded services, such as health care and pensions that are available to everyone. Other programs, such as welfare assistance, are designed especially to help those in need. 9. Anglophone someone who speaks English 10. Conscription compulsory military service 11. Cultural Mosaic a situation in which people of various origins are encouraged to remember and take pride in their cultural roots. A mosaic is a picture or design created by setting small pieces of coloured glass, stone, or tile onto a surface. 12. Francophone a French- speaking person 13. Naturalization the process of becoming a citizen of another country

14. Separatist someone who wants Quebec to separate from Canada and become an independent country 15. Sovereignty Association a term used by Quebec Premier Rene Lavesque to describe his proposal for Quebecs new relationship with Canada. Quebec was to become a self-governing nation in control of immigration, relations with other countries, and citizenship. At the same time, Quebec would keep its economic ties with Canada.