Testing Distance Protection Functions T ti Di t P t ti F ti Using Settings and Worksheets

(Part 1)

Jun Verzosa
Manager, Protection & Automation Engineering Services Doble Engineering C D bl E i i Company

Protection Testing Users Group Meeting g p g Austin, Texas

2010 October 10-15

Topics Covered
Introduction Distance (Impedance) Protection Function
System Parameters, Settings, Characteristics

ProTesT Features - Settings and Worksheet Developing Reusable Generic Distance Functions and Test Macros Applying Generic Distance Functions to to Specific Relays Demonstration
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
2

Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings

System and Line Parameters
Ph Phase R t ti Rotation Source and Line Impedances
Positive-sequence (Z1S and Z1L) Positive sequence Zero-sequence (Z0S and Z0L)

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings

Basic Distance Function Protection Settings
Number of Zones Zone Characteristics Direction Reach Settings
Impedance reach Reach Angle R i i reach Resistive h

Residual Compensation Time Delay

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

Impedance Characteristics
Ohm Mho Offset Mho Quad Polygon Others
Z1

phi1

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

Ground Distance Residual Compensation

n
Es Z1S, Z0S R Ia . Z1, Z0 F

VaR V R

21G

A-N AN Fault

Residual Compensation

Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + kNIn) = nZ1

kN = ( Z0/Z1 1) / 3
= residual compensation factor Residual Compensation is a technique that allows measurement
of the fault impedance in terms of positive-sequence impedance, by adding a p g portion, KN, of the residual current, In, to the phase current. , , , , p

Loop Impedance Calculation

In order to test the relay one needs to o de o es e e ay o e eeds o ZN impedance. = KN * Z1 know the Loop

ZLoop = Z1 + ZN =Z1 (1+KN)

Modeling Impedance Characteristics

Per Phase Loop

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

Some Formulas
kLoopMag = sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang)^2 sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag cos(Zn1PhNkNang) 2 +(Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang))^2) kLoopAng=atan((Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang)) p g (( g ( g)) /(1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang)))
FReach = if(LoopModel=1 Zn1PhNMhoMag*kLoopMag if(LoopModel 1, Zn1PhNMhoMag kLoopMag, Zn1PhNMhoMag) MTA = if(LoopModel=1, if(Direction=-1, if(Direction= 1 Zn1PhNMhoAng+180, Zn1PhNMhoAng)+kLoopAng, if(Direction 1, Zn1PhNMhoAng+180,Zn1PhNMhoAng)) if(Direction=-1, Zn1PhNMhoAng 180,Zn1PhNMhoAng))
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
10

ProTesT Settings and Worksheets

Protection Settings Calculated Settings Impedance Characteristic Modeling
Type Data

Macros and Worksheets

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

11

ProTesT Settings tab

Protection Settings

Calculated Settings

Characteristics

Characteristic Data
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
12

ProTesT Macro Worksheets

Source table Action table

Results t bl R lt table

Work table
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
13

Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans

Should cater for majority of relays and settings
T t at in-service relay settings Test t i i l tti

Should apply to various relay configurations

Element is Enabled or Disabled Direction is Forward, Reversed, Non-directional

Optimum Automation
Calculation of Relay Communications

Test Plans for:

Commissioning element testing and functional testing g g g Periodic Maintenance functional testing
14

Developing Test Plans for Specific Relay Models

Start with Generic Relay Test Plans Map the Protection Settings to the Calculated Settings, using formulas g, g

= k0M1

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

15

Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans

Element and Functional Testing
Steady State (Static)Testing
Element testing Functional testing is possible Pickup (Ssimul, Ramp) Stat c Characteristics Static C a acte st cs Timing

Dynamic Testing
Functional testing Timing as affected by source impedance Characteristics? Mho expansion, directional line
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
16

Demonstration
Generic Macros reference the Characteristic Data table and basic d D bl d b i data f from the C l l d h Calculated Settings table Add F Formulas t Ch l to Characteristic D t t reference t i ti Data to f the Calculated settings table Import or Add Protection Settings and Add Formulas to Calculated Settings Table to Reference the Protection Settings Import one or two sets of Protection Settings file and view effect on characteristics and macros.
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
17

Demonstration

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

18

Demonstration

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

19

Maintenance Testing
Avoid Setting Changes (such as disabling elements, elements
changing output mapping that are used in actual operation)

Functional Testing g Use Dynamic Testing End-to-End Test (not covered in this presentation) ( p ) Transient Testing (not covered in this presentation) Other Tests (not covered in this presentation)

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

20

Running Same Test Plan with Elements Disabled

Test Result will give No g Op for disabled Zones. Normal Results for Enabled Zones

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

21

Other Test Plan Considerations

Importing Settings Files Pickup tests of current/voltage elements Effect of SEL negative-sequence directional elements on testing impedance characteristics; how to correctly test the relay with the directional y y elements. Testing the quad resistive settings

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

22

Quad Characteristics
Use Loop Modeling

Quad Characteristics Demonstration

Automating characteristics calculation in ProTesT

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

24

Quad Characteristics Demonstration

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

25

SSIMUL Macro Worksheet

Calculate Current and Voltages Amplitudes and g p Phase Angles Calculate Ti C l l t Time Values

Add local variables

Work table
26

SSIMUL Macro Worksheet

Automate Macro Creation
Fault Calculations
Voltages Currents

Time information
Duration L/R time constant Expected times

More realistic dynamic testing

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

27

SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

28

SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

29

Dynamic Mho Expansion

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

30

Dynamic Mho Expansion

Memory Duration Load Encroachment

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

31

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

32