Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Sept 2005
MiCOMho Introduction
MiCOMho Introduction
MiCOMho P443
Sub cycle - no excuses (P443) Advanced protection and control within one device
Includes directional comparison and DEF schemes
Frequency Protection Relays Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ... Busbar Protection Schemes Transformer Protection Relays Line Differential and Unit Schemes Distance Protection Relays Generator Protection Relays Universal Motor Protection Relay Feeder Management Relays
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Full-scheme, non-switched distance protection Mho and quadrilateral characteristics freely selectable for phase and ground faults Setting-free power swing blocking
No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application
40
20
10
50%
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Full-scheme, non-switched distance protection Mho or quadrilateral characteristics settable for ground faults, mho phase characteristics. Setting-free power swing blocking
No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application
40
30
20
P445
10
50%
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Optos 16 24 8 12 16
Contacts 24 32 8 12 16
Distance Subcycle Phase: Mho and Quad Gnd: Mho & Q 1 to 1.3 cycle Phase: Mho Ground: Mho and Quadrilateral
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CON FIGURATION
CTS/VTS
Directiona l Comp Overcurrent N eg Sequence O/ C Broken Conductor Ea rth Fa ult Residua l O/ V N VD Therma l Overloa d Volt Protection CB Fa il
System Checks Auto- Reclose Disturb Recorder Commission Tests Control Inputs Direct Access InterM iCOM
25 79
Teleprot
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Distance Elements
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MiCOMho Introduction
Compares pre-faulted system Acts as a fault detector and faulted phase detector Can quickly recognize evolving faults and power swings Provides secure phase selection for complex fault conditions Sensitive to any fault type
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AB
Change!
BC
Change!
CA
2 cycle window
Ground Fault, Phase C
1 Cycle Comparison
1 Cycle Comparison
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Z3 Zp Z2 Z1
Z4
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P443
Zone 1 Trip min. 12 ms Zone 1 Trip max. 16.5 ms
SUB CYCLE
SIR < 30
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Load Area
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Rf
Load Area
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Quadrilateral Characteristics
Z3 (reverse offset) Available for Phase and Ground Protection (21P and 21G)
Z2
Independently selectable
Z1 eg. Mho phase + quad ground fault Ground faults only in P445 Zp (if reverse looking) Z4
ZS
IA - IB
VS
VAB
R1 Ph / 2
Fault
Xab
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ZS
IA
VS
VA IN kZn x Z1 Gnd
R1 Gnd
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During a single phase to ground fault the Negative Phase Sequence current is approximately in phase with the fault arc current The reactance line of the Ground Quad Elements is polarized from Negative Sequence Current Under and overreach effects are minimized dynamically
Phase Faults:
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EA
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GROUP 1 DISTAN CE SETUP Setting M ode Digita l Filter CVT Filters SIR Setting Loa d Blinders
Protected Line
ABC CBA
% Memory?
*
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%
Easy Set Mode: Automatic Reach Conversion
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Distance Polarizing
28
28
A power swing will result in continuous change of current Continuous output from the relay superimposed current element can be used to block for a power swing Using this method the relay is able to operate for faults occurring during a power swing All detection relies on delta elements with adaptive thresholds - nothing for the user to set!
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Power swings are detected by continuous superimposed current presence - I. Swings are detected much earlier than for conventional devices - where the locus must cross into a band which surrounds the trip characteristics. No PSB start-up zone, no blinders (or load encroachment issues), no timers to set setting-free. Setting-Free Power Swing / Out of Step
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Fault Inception
Minimal I Present
Relay trips for all faults occurring during a power swing. The power swing block is removed instantly for an unbalanced fault, on reselection by the phase selectors. In the unlikely event of a 3 phase fault, a step change in I resets the block.
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32
32
tReversa l Gua rd Delta V Fwd WI Single Pole Trip Delta V Rev WI V< Threshold Delta I Fwd WI Trip Dela y Delta I Rev
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All traditional DEF protection (ground fault pilot protection scheme) relied on sufficient polarizing voltage to make a directional decision. If this were not available, current polarizing from an extra CT input would be needed. Virtual Current Polarizing ensures correct directional polarizing, even with no residual voltage generated, and without an extra CT input.
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FAULT
(All relays pre-LFZR) Typical A-N fault: A phase voltage falls Result Vres -Vres is OK to directionalize (P443/P445 and LFZR) Can cover faults with no Vres Phase selector removes Va Residual = Vb + Vc Always a voltage -Vres
Vb
Vc Vres Va Ia Vc V residual
Ia Vb
Vb
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channel failure
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IEEE Curves
Operating Time (s) 100
100 10
US MI US VI US EI US I US SI
10
1 1
Prefault
Postfault
Analog channels Digital channels Sample 48 times per cycle 2.4kHz Resolution at 50Hz
MiCOM S1 saves file in the COMTRADE format for advanced fault diagnostics Fault location:
Distance to fault V and I measurements
41
41
16%
3.8 16km
10miles
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Use for extra protection functions such as Trip Circuit Supervision, and customized control (eg. Interlocking).
Courier
Measurements Status Controls Records Fault Location Disturbances Settings Peer - Peer
DNP3
IEC103 61850
X X X
X X
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Bypasses delta phase selection Reverts to simple (non-delta) directional line Cross polarizing replaces memory
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Easy selection of aided schemes and backup options From the same family as successful predecessors:
LFZP Optimho: Over 11500 relays installed since 1989 SHNB Micromho: Over 2500 installed since 1983 P443 MiCOMho mixes experience with proven new technology
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Fast fault clearance for optimum network stability and voltage profile management Versatile characteristics shaped for stability under all load flows load blinders defend the system in severe contingencies Advanced protection and control within one device
Possible universal HV/EHV protection solution: distance or directional comparison
Customer benefits
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Customer benefits
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SHNB
mho Algos.
ENTER
Control
Algos.
G C G G G
G O I L/R
ENTER
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G G
P439
= =
CLEAR READ
G C
P437
EPAC Algos.
MiCOM
= =
CLEAR READ
G C
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