UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR) FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) Unit Plan

1. 2. Unit Code & Unit Title: Course of Study: UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour FBF Bachelor Of Business Administration (Hons) Entrepreneurship (EN) FICT Bachelor of Information Systems (Hons) Information Systems Engineering (IA) Bachelor of Information Systems (Hons) Business Information Systems (IB) Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) Communications and Networking (CT) Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) Computer Engineering (CN) FSC Bachelor of Science (Hons) Chemistry (CE) FAS: Bachelor of Social Science (Hons) Psychology (PY) Flexi structure 201110 3 credit hours 4 hours lecture per week for the duration of 7 weeks 3 hours tutorial per week for the duration of 7 weeks FBF/FICT/FSC/FAS Lead Lecturer: Cik Amienurul Faidzan Binti Mohd Amin, BBA, MBA (Email: faidzan@utar.edu.my) Co-lecturer: Ms. Lim Yong Hooi (Email: limyh@utar.edu.my) FAS/FEGT/FICT/FSc Cik Amienurul Faidzan Binti Mohd Amin (Email: faidzan@utar.edu.my) Ms. Lim Yong Hooi (Email: limyh@utar.edu.my) Mr. Peter Tan Sin Howe (Email: shtan@utar.edu.my) Mr. Lee Eng Keong (Email: leeek@utar.edu.my) Mr. Tee Chee Wee (Email: teecw@utar.edu.my) Mr. Alex Choong Yuen Onn (Email: choongyo@utar.edu.my) Mr. Tho Mun Sin Lecture and Tutorial To enable students to understand the impact that individuals, groups/teams and structure have on behaviour within organisations for the purpose of improving an organisations effectiveness. Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to 1. Identify and explain the determinants of behaviour in organisations. 2. Explain the basic model of individual behaviour and the various stable & mercurial characteristics of individual. 3. Recognize the basic model of team effectiveness, specific features of high performance teams, decision making and creativity, communication, power and politics, conflict and negotiation, and leadership in team settings. 1

3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Year of Study Year and Semester: Credit Hour Lecturing hours and Tutoring hours Lecturer:

8.

Tutors:

9. 10. 11.

Moderator Mode of Delivery: Objective of Subject: Learning Outcome:

12.

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

13.

Synopsis of Unit:

4. Examine organisational structure, organisational culture and organisational change. 5. Apply knowledge gained about the effect of individuals, groups/teams, and structure on behaviour within an organisation in order to make the organisations work more effectively. This unit provides students with a management perspective that specifically focuses on the impact that people have on organisational effectiveness and efficiency. First, at the level of the individual, attributes and processes such as personality, motivation, perception, attitudes, job satisfaction and job performance are identified and the managerial implications for motivating employees are considered. Second, at the group level, the important attributes of group dynamics are identified and the managerial implications for developing teams, influencing outcomes and resolving conflicts are considered. Third, at the organisational-wide level of analysis, structure, culture and change are considered as major challenges to managers for achieving quality outcomes. At the three different levels of analysis, managers are concerned with the behavioural implications for achieving goals on the one hand, and adapting goals so that organisations are relevant to their environments on the other hand. Students are concerned with understanding these behavioural implications. The study of this subject thus can be seen as an essential foundation for a professional business education. Main Reference: 1. McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organisational behaviour: Emerging knowledge and practice for the real world. (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Additional References: 1. Champoux, J. E. (2006). Organisational behaviour: Integrating individuals, groups and organisations (3rd ed.). Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. 2. French, R., Rayner, C., Rees, G., & Rumbles, S., (2008). Organisational behaviour (3rd ed.). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 3. George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2005). Understanding and managing organisational behaviour (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 4. Kreinter, R., & Kinicki, A. (2004). Organisational behaviour (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. 5. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organisational behaviour (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 6. Slocum, J. W., & Hellriegel, D. (2007). Fundamentals of organisational behaviour. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

14.

Reading List:

15.

Method of Assessment:

The course grading breaks down as follows: No. Method of Assessment 1. Coursework a) Group assignment b) Oral presentation Total Total 28% 12% (70 marks) (30 marks) 100 marks

40%

2.

Final Examination

60%

GRAND TOTAL
Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

100% 2

1. Coursework (40%) a) Group Assignment 28% (70 marks) Instructions: The group assignment is to be prepared on a group basis (five members in a group). It is expected the content of the group assignment will reflect groups thoughts and analysis rather than the work of others. The selection of the groups members MUST be from within the same tutorial group that the students attend. After the formation of groups, each group leader shall submit the names of the group members to their respective tutors. Each group below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. is required to choose ONE OBs topic from following 8 topics stated Ethics at Workplace Power in Organization Network Structure Design Organizational Socialization Effective Negotiation Charismatic Leadership Trust in Organizational Cross-Gender Communication

The written assignment requires each student to write a report on any of the selected topic, which is related to the organisational behaviour. Repetition of the same topic within the same tutorial class is not allowed. Students are also required to identity at least ONE company for the application of the selected OBs topic. Students are required to register their topic with their respective tutors latest by end of week 1, based on first come first serve basis. Each written assignment should contain the following: No. 1. 2. Guideline Criteria Introduction To present a brief introduction of the selected topic. Content To discuss the relevant theories / models / assumptions of the selected topic. To complete this section, students will need to do some library and Internet research. Case study Find at least one company to support the topic discussed. Analyze and identify the critical / main issues. Identify and explain the application of the relevant OB principles and concepts to the selected company. Criticizes / comments. Marks Allocation 5 marks 10 marks

3.

15 marks

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

4.

5. 6.

Recommendations To provide suggestions or recommendations on how the OB theories can be applied more effectively in the selected company. Conclusion Summarize the report. Quality of the written assignment Structure, clarity, grammar, citation and references. Total Marks

10 marks

5 marks 5 marks 50 marks

Students are expected to do proper referencing (APA Referencing) in appendix IV. Besides recommended textbooks and articles listed on the reading list, students should refer to various academic journal articles, reference books, reliable online materials and other secondary sources for references. The group assignment should be between 2,500 3,000 words with 1.5 spacing using Times New Roman of font size 12. The number of words written should be stated at the end of the group assignment. The report must include a cover sheet (Appendix I) and a marking scheme for group assignment (Appendix II). The marking scheme must be attached after the cover sheet of the report. All pages in the written report should be numbered except for the cover page, marking sheet, table of contents, references and appendices. Binding instruction The assignment should be bound using tape binding with two punch holes on the left hand side of the assignment for easy filing. Please refrain from using plastic cover sheets when binding your assignment. The assignment submission deadline is Week 5 Friday, 18 November 2011, before 5.00pm. Students are required to submit the assignment to their respective tutors. Late Submission Penalty Clause Deadline for submission of assessment item(s) is to be strictly adhered to. No extension of time will be allowed except in extenuating circumstances, e.g. medical reasons. Students who wish to apply for extension of time for submission of assessment item(s) after the due date shall put in writing the request, together with validated documentary evidence to support the application, to his/her class tutor. The lead lecturer may consider and grant such extension of due date for the assessment item(s) based on the tutor's recommendation. Any assessment item which is submitted after the due date, without an approved extension, will be penalized. A penalty of 10% reduction of the maximum mark applicable to the assessment item(s) will be levied for each day of late submission inclusive of weekend and public holiday. Assessment item(s) submitted more than seven (7) days after the due date will be awarded with zero (0) marks. b) Oral Presentation 12% (30 marks)

Students are required to present their written assignment during the tutorial class. The oral presentation will be carried out in week 6. Instructions: Presentations should not exceed 20 minutes and 10 minutes for Q&A session.
Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

Formal attire Using PowerPoint slides Display of presentations must in bulleted form and in short phrases.

Each group is to submit the following items to tutor on their presentation day prior to the start of the presentation: Five copies of the individual presentation evaluation form (Appendix III), which details such as selected topic, students name, students ID number, students course, etc duly completed. A hardcopy of the PowerPoint presentation slides.
2. Final Examination (60%) The final examination for this unit will be 2.5 hours and will consist of TWO (2) sections: Section A (40 marks) = ONE (1) compulsory case study question. Section B (60 marks) = Answer any TWO (2) out of THREE (3) essay questions. 16. Remark: ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Attendance Attendance at all lectures and tutorials is compulsory. Students must give reasons for their absence by providing the supporting documentary evidence(s) (e.g. medical certificate, letter from parents/guardians & etc.) and apply for leave of absence from the respective Head of Department. Poor attendance without any approved leave of absence may prompt the Faculty to take disciplinary action, which may include student being barred from sitting for the final examination. Plagiarism Plagiarism is defined as the submission or presentation of work, in any form, which is not one's own, without acknowledgment of the sources. If a student obtains information or ideas from an outside source, that source must be acknowledged. Another rule to follow is that any direct quotation must be placed in quotation marks and the source immediately cited. Plagiarism is also defined as copy of all or part of the work of another student(s) of current or previous batch of this University or another higher learning institution. The University's degree and other academic awards are given in recognition of the candidate's personal achievement. Plagiarism is therefore considered as an act of academic fraudulence and as an offence against University discipline. Intellectual Property Copyright must be seriously protected. The University takes a strong stand against any illegal photocopying of textbooks and any other materials by students. Students are forewarned of the consequences and the penalty that may be meted out if they are "caught in the act". Mode of Referencing Students are advised to incorporate proper academic modes of referencing. The normally acceptable mode of academic referencing is the American Psychological Association (APA) system. The sample of APA system format is attached in Appendix IV.
Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

Fieldwork Clause (where applicable) Students are reminded of the importance to consider their personal safety when conducting research in the field. You will be exposing yourself in new situations and meeting with people who are unknown to you. It is important that you are aware of potential dangers and take the necessary safety steps. You have to be extra careful and cautious if you are going to interview or conduct survey with small, unknown organisations or individuals 'on site'. You should ensure you have the full details (full name, job title, organisation name, address and telephone numbers) of anyone or organisation you intend to conduct the field research. You should establish the credibility of these respondents before your groups visit them. The field research should be made in groups not alone. Leave word with your fellow classmates on your field visit (details of place, contact numbers, person you are interviewing or conducting survey with, expected time of return, etc). The field work should be at office hours.

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

Teaching Plan Lecture, Tutorial & Assignment Plan Lecture Topic Tutorial Topic
Part 1: Introduction 1 (17 Oct 2011 23 Oct 2011) Topic 1: Introduction to Organisational Behaviour The Field of Organisational Behaviour Perspectives of Organisational Effectiveness Contemporary Challenges for Organisations. Four Anchors of OB Tutorial 1 (Introduction) Overview of the Unit Plan and group assignment 2 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class.

Week & Date

Assignment
Group Assignment Given Date: First tutorial class (Week 1) Due Date: 18 November 2011 Friday (Week 5), Before 5.00 pm Description: Write a report based on any of the OB topic chosen. Deadline for registration of OB topic for group assignment (week 1)

Reference
McShane & Von Glinow (2010) Chapter 1

Part 2: Individual Behaviour and Processes Topic 2: Individual Behaviour, Personality & Values MARS model of Individual Behaviour and results Types of Individual Behaviour Personality in Organisations Values in the Workplace Values across Cultures Ethical Values and Behaviour Topic 3: Perception & Learning in Organisation The Perceptual process Social Identity and Stereotyping Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Social Learning Theory Learning in organisation Behaviour Modifications : Learning Through Reinforcement Learning By Observing Learning Through Experience Topic 4 : Workplace Emotions, Attitudes and Stress Emotions in the Workplace Emotional Intelligence Job Satisfaction Organisational Commitment Psychological Contracts Stress The Causes of Stress Individual Differences in Stress Consequences of Distress Managing Work-related Stress

Tutorial 2 (Topic 1): 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class.

Chapter 2

2 (24 Oct 2011 30 Oct 2011)

Tutorial 3 (Topic 2): A Personality Test and 3 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 3

Tutorial 4 (Topic 3): 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 4

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

3 (31 Oct 2011 6 Nov 2011)

Topic 5: Motivation In The Workplace Motivating Employees Needs. Drives and Employee Motivation Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Four-Drive Theory Expectancy Theory Goal Setting and Feedback Financial Reward Practices Job Design Practices Empowerment Practices Topic 6: Decision Making and Creativity Rational Choice Paradigm of decision making Identifying Problems and Opportunities Evaluating and Choosing Alternatives Evaluating Decision Outcomes Employee Involvement in Decision Making Creativity Part 3: Team Processes

Tutorial 5 (Topic 4) A Team-based Exercise (1) and 4 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 5&6

Tutorial 6 (Topic 5): A Team-based Exercise (2) and 4 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 7

4 (7 Nov 2011 13 Nov 2011)

Tutorial 7 (Topic 6): A Team-based Exercise (3) and 4 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 8

Topic 7: Team Dynamics Teams and Groups A Model of Team Effectiveness Team Design Features Team Processes The Trouble with Teams Self-Directed Work Teams Virtual Teams Team Trust Team Decision Making Team Building Topic 8: Communicating in Teams and Organisations A Model of Communication Communication Channels Communication Barriers Cross-Cultural and Cross Gender Communication Improving Interpersonal Communication Communicating in Organisational Hierarchies Communicating though Grapevine

Tutorial 8 (Topic 7): 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 9

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

5 (14 Nov 2011 20 Nov 2011)

Topic 9: Leadership , Power & Influence in the Workplace Leadership Perspectives of leadership Competency Perspective of Leadership Contingency Perspective of Leadership Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Transformational Perspective of Leadership Cross-Cultural and Gender Issues in Leadership A Model of Power with Organisations Organisational Politics Topic 10: Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace The Conflict Process Sources of Conflict in Organisations Interpersonal Conflict Management Styles Resolving Conflict through Negotiation Third-Party Conflict Negotiation Part 4: Organisational Processes

Tutorial 9 ( Topic 8) A Case study (1) with 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Group Assignment Due date for Written Assignment (Week 5) Note: Submission of written assignment: Friday, 18 November 2011, before 5.00 pm to your respective tutor.

Chapter 10 & 12

Tutorial 10 ( Topic 9) 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Chapter 11

6 (21 Nov 2011 27 Nov 2011)

Tutorial 11 (Topic 10): A Case study (2) with 5 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Oral Presentation 1 Note: Each group is given 20 minutes to present and 10 minutes Q & A

Chapter 13

Topic 11: Organisational Structure Division of labor and coordination Elements of Organisational Structure Forms of Departmentalization Contingencies of Organisational Design Topic 12: Organisational Culture Elements of Organisational Culture Deciphering Organisational Culture through artifacts Merging Organisational Culture Organisational Socialization Topic 13: Organisational Change Lewins Force Field Analysis Model Unfreezing : Changing and Refreezing Strategic Visions, Change Agents and Diffusing Change Three Approaches to Organisational Change Cross Cultural and Ethical Issues in Organisational Change

Tutorial 12 (Topic 11 ) 3 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class Tutorial 13 (Topic 12) A Case study (3) with 3 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Oral Presentation 2 Note: Each group is given 20 minutes to present and 10 minutes Q & A

Chapter 14

7 (28 Nov 2011 4 Dec 2011)

Chapter 15

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

Revision Revision

Tutorial14 (Topic:13) 4 short questions to be answered and discussed by the students in class

Nil.

Notes: The information provided in this Unit Plan is subject to change by the Lecturers. Students shall be notified in advance of any changes.

Unit Plan of UBMM2023 Organisational Behaviour Oct 2011

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This Unit Plan is: Prepared by: Moderated by: Approved by:

___________________ Cik Amienurul Faidzan bt Mohd Amin Lead Lecturer Date:

___________________ Mr. Tho Mun Sin Internal Moderator

____________________ Mr. Fong Chee Yang Head, Department of Business Date:

Date:

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Appendix I

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012) OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER UBMM2023 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR GROUP ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Course Details Faculty Year and Trimester: Tutorial Group: Lecturers Name: Tutors Name: Assignment Detail Topic Due Date Important Note Student Details Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Student ID Course : ____________________________________________________ : Week 5 Friday, 18 November 2011, before 5.00pm : Submission of assignment is the responsibility of the students.

Assignment overall marks:

/ 50

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Appendix II

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012) OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER UBMM2023 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MARKING SCHEME FOR GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Assessment Marks Allocation Marks Given

1. 2.

3.

4.

Introduction To present a brief introduction of the selected topic. Content To discuss the relevant theories / models / assumptions of the selected topic. To complete this section, students will need to do some library and Internet research. Case study Find at least one company to support the topic discussed. Analyze and identify the critical / main issues. Identify and explain the application of the relevant OB principles and concepts to the selected company. Criticizes / comments. Recommendations To provide suggestions or recommendations on how the OB theories can be applied more effectively in the selected company.
Conclusion Summarize the report.

5 marks 10 marks

15 marks

10 marks

5. 6.

5 marks 5 marks
50 marks

Quality of the written assignment Structure, clarity, grammar, citation and references.
Total Marks

Comments:

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

Name of marker:

_______________________

Signature of marker: _______________________ Date: _______________________

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Appendix III

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (ACADEMIC YEAR: 2011/2012) OCTOBER 2011 TRIMESTER UBMM2023 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION EVALUATION FORM
Topic: __________________________________________________________ Personal Details Students Name Students ID No. Course

No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Presentation evaluation areas Provide adequate information for the topic presented Clear and systematic presentation Using appropriate visual aids Voice can be heard clearly Appropriate body language Interact well with audience Appropriate attire Timing Able to handle question(s) well Able to make the presentation interesting

Poor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Excellent 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

Marks given

5 5 5 5 Total Converted to 20 marks =

Comments: ______________________________________________________________________

Name of evaluator: ___________________________ Signature of evaluator: _________________________ Date: ______________________

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Appendix IV

A SIMPLE GUIDE TO APA REFERENCING APA REFERENCING The referencing format for all student assignments and research reports is adapted from the American Psychological Association (APA) style. The following items show how various sources of information are referenced in the assignments or research reports. 1. Journal article with volume and issue numbers. Italicize the journal title and volume number. Boyle, B. A. (1997). A multi-dimensional perspective on salesperson commitment. Journal of Business& Industrial Marketing, 12(6), 354-367.

Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organisational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 14, 224-227. 2. Book, two authors. Toller, M., & Fielding, J. (1998). Global business for smaller companies. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing. 3. Book, one author. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4. Brochure with corporate author. BestTemp Staffing Services. (1997). An employers guide to staffing services (2nd ed.) [Brochure]. Denver: Author. Note: when the author and publisher are identical, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. 5. Brochure with a writer. Lawrence, K. S. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. New York: Research and Training Center on Independent Living. 6. Newspaper article, one author. Standish, E. (1999, January 19). Global market crushes OPECs delicate balance of interest. Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A3. 7. Newspaper article, no author:

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Buying Asian supplies on the net. (1997, February 12). Los Angeles Times, pp. D3-D4. 8. Company annual report: Mutual Bank. (1998). Annual report. Kajang, Selangor. 9. Magazine article: Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the mind. Science, 262, 673-674. 10. Book, component part (Chapter in an edited book): Kuntz, S. (1998). Moving beyond benefits. In Randolph Jacobson (Ed.), Our changing workforce (pp. 213-227). New York: Citadel Press. 11. Edited book: Pennathur, A., Leong, F. T., & Schuster, K. (Eds). (1998). Style and substance of thinking. New York: Publishers Paradise. 12. Book, no author or editor: Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfiield, MA; Merriam-Webster. 13. Dissertation or thesis: Morales, G. H. (1998). The economic pressures on industrialized nations in a global economy. (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Diego, 1998). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 5436C-5437C. Kiren, R. S. (1997). Medical advances and quality of life. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Omaha State University. Almeida, D. M. (1990). Fathers participation in family work: Consequences for fathers stress and father-child relations. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 14. Unpublished paper presented at a meeting or conference: Myers, C. (1998, August). HMOs in todays environment. Paper presented at the Conference on Medical Insurance Solutions, Chicago, IL. 15. Proceedings published regularly: Cynx, J., & Williams, H. (1992). Hemispheric differences in avian song discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 89, 1372-1375. 16. Unpublished manuscript:
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Pringle, P. S. (1991). Training and development in the 90s. Unpublished manuscript, Southern Illinois University, Diamondale, IL. 17. Article from a printed magazine, reproduced online: Norwalk, P. (1999, July 17). Training managers to help employees accept change. Business Line. Retrieved June 17, 2001, from: http://www.busline.com/ news Note: Do not end a path statement with a period, because any stray punctuation in a path will hinder retrieval. 18. Article from an online magazine, no author listed: Housing market fueled by rising consumer confidence, low rates. (2003, June 12). Builder Online. Retrieved August 11, 2004, from http://www.builder online.com/pages/builderonline/Story.nsp?story_id=39428052&ID=builder online&scategory=Computers&type=news 19. Article from an online newspaper: Zaino, J. S. (2003, June 12). Learning a little discipline. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved September 10, 2003, from http://chronicle.com/jobs/ 2003/06/2003061201c.htm 20. Article from a printed journal, reproduced online: Many articles online are the exact duplicates of their print versions. If the electronic form is identical to the printed version, add within brackets Electronic version. This allows you to omit the URL. Bowler, D. M., & Thommen, E. (2000). Attribution of mechanical and social causality to animated displays by children with autism [Electronic version]. Autism, 4, 147-171. Add the URL and date of access if page numbers are not indicated. For example: Chatterjee, S. R., & Pearson C. A. L. (2002). Trust and managerial transition: Evidence from three small Asian economies, 9(4). Retrieved August 30, 2003, from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=292172661&sid=1&Fmt =4&clientld=63520&RQT=309&VName=PQD 21. Information or article from an Web site: Heathfield, S. M. (2005). Leadership and sponsorship in action. Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/ a/walktalk_p.htm Lowe, G. S., & Schellenberg, G. (2005). Employees basic value proposition: Strong HR strategies must address work values. Retrieved March 5, 2005, from http://www.hr.monster.com/hrreporter/hrstrategies/
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22. Information or article from an Web site with no author: The state of employee satisfaction. (2004, January). Retrieved July 25, 2004, from http://www.insightpulse.com/articles.cfm Customer service culture and attitudes towards CRM in Europe. (2005, January). Retrieved May 15, 2005, from http://www.crmguru.com/offers/papers/ salesforce_emeareport.pdf 23. Online information or article from an Web site with no author and no copyright or publication date: Employee satisfaction survey items Sample job satisfaction survey questions (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2005, from http://employee-satisfaction. com/sample-survey-items.asp Notes: (a) The APA style recommends listing only those works actually cited in the text, so you would not include works for background or for further reading in the references. (b) DO NOT number the entries in the Reference section. All entries must be made in alphabetical order. (c) References by the same author (or by the same two or more authors in the same order) with the same publication year are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A or The) that follows the date. Lowercase lettersa, b, c, and so onare placed immediately after the year, within the parentheses. Examples of Reference Entry: Kaufman, J. R. (2001a). Control of Kaufman, J. R. (2001b). The roles of (d) For Malay names: i. Enter a Malay name under the first element of his/her name unless it is known that he/she treats another element of his/her name as a surname. In that case, enter under the surname. For example, Sopiee is the surname and Norda is the given name, Sopiee, N.

ii. If an abbreviation is used for a word denoting filial relationship, i.e., b. for bin, bt. for binti, follow the referencing style as above. For example, to reference Ali bin Adbullah and Nawah binti Ahamd,
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Adbullah, A.

Ahamd, N.

iii. If a name does not have the word denoting filial relationship and you do not know which one is the surname, enter the name as found. For example, Ismail Hussien iv. Ignore the given title of honor, rank, or position. For example, to reference Haji Abdul Majid and Dato Sopiee Norda, Abdul Majid (If you dont know which one is the surname.) Sopiee, N. (If Sopiee is the surname.) v. If the title of honor, rank, or position is hereditary, enter by the title fist and follow by the names found. For example, Ungku, Syed, Nik, and Wan. Ungku Abdul Aziz Enter as Ungku Abdul Aziz if there is no surname or if you dont know which one is the surname. Syed Hassan Ali Enter as Ali, S. H. if Ali is the surname. Nik Safiah Nik Karim Enter as Nik Karim, N. S. if Nik Karim is the surname. Wan Ahmad Abdullah Enter as Abdullah, W. A, if Abdullah is the surname.

(e) For Chinese names, i. Enter the surname first. For example, Wong Mei Mei, Wong, M. M. ii. If a name contains both Chinese and non-Chinese given names, enter the initial of non-Chinese given name before that of the Chinese given name. For example, Johnny Chin Kai Wai and Thomas Lee Ah Beng, Chin, J. K. W. Lee, T. A. B. (f) For Indian names, i. If the name appears as Subramaniam Periasamy and Periasamy is the surname or family, enter as follows: Periasamy, S. ii. If the name appears as Subramaniam P., enter the same as follows: Subramaniam P. iii. If the name appears as S. Periasamy, enter the same as follows: S. Periasamy
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CITATION IN THE TEXT 1. Personal communications such as interviews, telephone conversations, e-mails, group discussion, messages from bulletin boards (electronic or white board), letters, and memos would not be listed in the reference list at all. Such citations would appear in the text only. Provide the date of the personal communication as exact as possible. For example: Increasing the role of cable companies in the industry is high on the list of the company, Day Cable and Communications (Georgia Stainer, personal communication, March 2, 1999). 2. When a work has more than two authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs in the text. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (Insert a period after al) and the year. For example, First citation in the text: Williams, Smith, Bradner, and Rosen (2000) found that Subsequent citations in the text: According to Williams et al. (2000) 3. For any work with no author name (such as online article, newspaper, or magazine article, or a chapter), cite it in the text with the first two or three words from the title and the year of publication. Use double quotation marks around the title and capitalize the first letter of each word. For example, (Buying Asian Supplies, 1997) 4. For works with corporate authors, the names of the corporate authors are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation. However, some corporate author names can be spelled out in full when it is first cited and then abbreviated thereafter. For example, Cited in full for all citations in the text: (University of Michigan, 2003) First citation in the text: (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2001) Subsequent text citation: (NIMH, 2001)

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5. To cite a specific part of a source as a direct quotation, indicate the page number of the source and abbreviate the word page (p.), in addition to the authors name and year. For example, (Cheek & Burn, 2004, p. 332) 6. To cite two or more works within the same parentheses, i. If the works are of the same authors in the same order, arrange them by the year of publication. ii. If the works are of different authors, arrange them in alphabetical order and separate them by semicolons. For example: (Edeline and Wrangler, 1995, 1998) (Balda, 1999; Kamar, 1996; Pepper & Jones, 2000) 7. For citation of a work discussed in a secondary source, you would give the secondary source in the reference list, and give a citation for the secondary source in the text. For example, if McClellands work is cited in Colthearts study and you did not read the work by McClelland, list the Colthearts reference in the References. In the text, use such citation as: McClellands study (as cited in Coltheart, 1993) suggests that Note: Refer to the official web site of APA for more information. http://www.apastyle.org Language Explained: CITING means formally recognizing, within your text, the resources from which you have obtained information. BIBIOGRAPHY is the list of sources you have used. REFERENCE is the detailed description of the item from which you have obtained your information and cited in the text.

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REFERENCES Berg, B. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(3), 443-449. Dickinson, M. (2000). Giving undergraduates managerial experience. Education & Training, 42(3), 159-169. Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Heathfield, S. M. (2005). Leadership and sponsorship in action. Retrieved March 15, from http://humanresources.about.com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk p.htm Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organisations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36. New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. Rosental, R. (1987). Meta-analytical procedures form social research (Rev. ed.). Newbury Park, Ca: Sage. Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. Suntharajah, S. (2005, May 1). Too many jobless grads. The Star, p. 3, Sunday Star Special. Tan, S-Yin (2004, February). From school to office: A guide to entering the workforce. Personal Money, 30, 32-38. Tang, F. H. (2004, February). A new-year hope [Letter to the editor]. Personal Money, 30, p. 8.

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