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Luscher) 1
Cell Junctions
• Points of cell-cell attachment, and cell-matrix attachment.
• Highly abundant in epithelial cells.
• Three functional groups
o Occluding junctions
Like ‘zip-lock’ bags, nothing gets past
o Anchoring junctions
How cells hold on to each other and the matrix
Are attached to the cytoskeleton
o Communicating junctions
Provides a passage for communication between cells.
Small molecules pass through the junctions.
CELL–CELL ADHESION
Animal Cells Can Assemble into Tissues Either in Place or After
They Migrate
of the connection
Proteoglycans
o = GAGs linked to core protein
o added to membrane or secreted proteins after translocation into the
ER lumen while they reside in the Golgi (before being exocytosed)
o linkage involves special link tetra-saccharide
o Regulate activities of secreted proteins
o some signaling proteins bind to the extracellular matrix
o carbohydrate content of up to 95% (compared to 1 - 60% for
standard glycoproteins = standard cell surface proteins with
carbohydrate modifications
o Core proteins of proteoglycans are highly diverse with no common
MICRB/BMB 252 lecture 11-13 notes (prepared by B. Luscher) 7
structural motif
o The number of different types of GAGs linked to a single type of
core protein is also highly heterogeneous
Summary
• The extracellular matrix is composed of polysaccharides and
glycoproteins.
• The polysaccharides are highly hydrated providing a gel for movement of
cells and a cushion against physical pressure.
• Some matrix proteins provide mechanical strength, like collagen.
• Others, like elastin, provide elasticity.
• Cells move through the matrix by secreting proteases.
• Integrins are the principle transmembrane receptor used to bind the
matrix.
• They link the matrix to the cytoskeleton or basal lamina
• They can direct an intracellular signal transduction cascade that directs
cell movement, localized growth, and survival.