Lectia 1 often always - des - ntotdeauna every day - n fiecare zi every morning - n fiecare dimineat seldom - rar

Cuvintele ,,often,always,seldom stau ntotdeauna ntre verb si pronumele personal, pe cnd expresiile ,,every day, every morning stau la nceputul sau la sfrsitul propozitiei. Articolul nehotart a Articolul hotart the Articolele stau naintea substantivelor. Articolul se schimb n fata substantivelor care ncep cu o vocal; ,,a devine an iar articolul hotrt se pronunt [Di]. an apartment, the entrance Cnd naintea verbului nu st un pronume personal poate sta particula to, care indic modul infinitiv. n limba englez este obligatoriu s indicam printr-un pronume personal cine desfasoar actiunea I see. I often enter the church. They seldom visit the tower. We always see the train. You open the door every day. (Noi) ntotdeauna vedem turnul. (Eu) intru n magazin n fiecare zi. (Tu) vezi statia n fiecare dimineat. Viziteaz rar biserica. (Eu) deschid ntotdeauna usa. (Voi) intrati des n cas. (Ei) vd strada n fiecare zi. - (Eu) intru des n biseric. - Ei viziteaz rar turnul. - Vedem ntotdeauna turnul. - (Tu) deschizi usa n fiecare zi. - We always see the tower. - I enter the shop every day. - You see the station every day. - They seldom visit the church. - I always open the door. - You often enter the house. - They see the street every day.

Conjunctia ,,si n limba englez este ,,and [End]. We often enter the railway station and I see the train - Intrm des n gar si eu vd trenul. You always open the door and I enter the house. Deschizi ntotdeauna usa, si eu intru n cas. to walk to look at to look - a se plimba, a merge pe jos - a se uita, a privi la ceva - a se uita, a privi to drive to go to to have - a conduce - a merge la - a avea

to go - a merge

Folosim cuvntul ,,to dac: 1. Precede verbul la infinitiv to see 2. Pentru a desemna miscarea ntr-o anumit directie (la,spre,ctre) to the hotel la hotel n propozitia la timpul prezent dup pronumele personale he, she sau substantivele care le nlocuiesc, verbul primeste terminatia s. (she visits, he opens, the woman looks, the boy walks). Terminatia s se pronunt [s] dup consoane surde (p, t, k, f) ex. looks si [z] dup consoane sonore ex. drives > [draivz]. The woman often drives a car. She looks at the building every morning. He sees the car. - Femeia conduce des masina. - Ea priveste cldirea n fiecare dimineat. - (El) vede masina.

Verbele to go si to have se schimb dac sunt precedate de pronumele he sau she. He goes - el merge I go - eu merg she has - ea are I have - eu am The woman often goes to a shop. The street has a side-walk. She goes to church every-day. I seldom go to a bus station. He always looks at the apartment. - Femeia merge des la magazin. - Strada are trotuar. - Ea merge la biseric n fiecare zi. - (Eu) merg rar la statia de autobuz. - El se uita ntotdeauna la apartament.
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The church has a tower. The shop has a door. We see a boy and a woman.

- Biserica are un turn. - Magazinul are o us. - Vedem un biat si o femeie.

n expresia to go to church naintea cuvntului church nu folosim articol. Peter often goes to Bucharest. He goes by train.When the train enters the station Peter looks at the buildings. He has no car, so he walks. He sees a church tower. The tower has a door.He visits the tower and looks at Bucharest. Then he goes to a shop. No nu, nici un ,nici o; poate ndeplini n propozitie rolul negatiei. He has no car.(el nu are masin) Pluralul : shop shops train trains car cars street streets Pentru pronuntia terminatiei s sunt valabile aceleasi reguli ca si la verbe. El merge A conduce masina Nici un autobuz A privi turnul Masinile - he goes - to drive a car - no bus - to look at the tower - the cars tower towers

Trotuarul - the side-walk Strada de cumprturi - shopping street Apoi merg - then I go Femeia priveste des - the woman often looks Astfel ntotdeauna - so always

Lectia 2
We seldom go to the factory. The room has a window. I have a bicycle. We see the traffic. He sees a hotel. A school and an office. You seldom go to a restaurant. - Mergem rar n fabric. - Camera are o fereastr. - Am o biciclet. - Vedem circulatia. - El vede un hotel. - O scoal si un birou. - Mergi rar la restaurant. - Aceasta este o statie. - nu - si, tot asa si , deasemenea

Acesta este sau acela este n limba engleza se reda prin: it is. It is an office. - Acesta este un birou. It is a station. in near - n, la, nauntrul - aproape, n preajma, aproape de, lnga not also

este, se afla, exista se traduce prin there is ncepem propozitia cu aceast constructie cnd vrem s exprimm c ceva este, exist. Propozitia este complet dac rspunde la ntrebarea unde?. n fata substantivului st articolul a, iar n fata adverbului de loc st articolul the. Expresia it is se prescurteaza its si expresia there is : theres. There is a bicycle in the house. There is a factory near the station. Its a restaurant. Theres a school near the station. Este o biciclet n cldire. Vd des bietii. Mergem ntotdeauna n apropierea scolii. Si ea viziteaz n fiecare zi femeia. Cldirea nu este un oficiu. I am - eu sunt - Im You are - tu esti, dvs sunteti - youre - Este o biciclet n cas. - Este o fabric n apropierea statiei. - Acesta este un restaurant. - Este o scoal n vecintatea statiei. - Theres a bicycle in the building. - I often see the boys. - We always go near the school. - She also visits the woman every day. - The building is not an office. It is - acesta, asta este (gen neutru) We are - noi suntem
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- its - were

He is She is

- el este - ea este

- hes - shes

You are - voi sunteti, dvs sunteti They are - ei sunt - He is in the room. (Hes in the room.) - We are near the school. (Were) - I am in the office. (Im ) - You are in Bucharest. (Youre...) - They are in the street. (Theyre) - It is a station. (Its) - You are near the station. (youre)

- youre - theyre

El este n camer. Suntem n apropierea scolii. Sunt n birou. Sunteti la Bucuresti. Ei sunt n strad. Aceasta este o statie. Esti aproape de statie. to work - a lucra to get - a primi, a obtine

to wait - a astepta to speak - a vorbi

to like - a(-i) plcea, a ndrgi to know - a sti, a cunoaste

Ea ntotdeauna obtine camera la hotel. El asteapt des n apropierea scolii. Vorbesc rar. Lucrm la Predeal. Ei iubesc femeia. to work at/in - a lucra la to wait for - a astepta pe cineva, ceva to speak to - a vorbi cu cineva to like to - a-i plcea s fac ceva to get a bicycle - a primi o biciclet El merge des la hotel. El se afla n camer. Ea se uita rar la masini. Vorbesc cu biatul n fiecare dimineat. ntotdeauna primim camera. El asteapt trenul n fiecare zi. Merg des la biseric. Este aproape de scoal. Este o fabric la Buzau. mi place s lucrez. Si el cunoaste hotelul. Si eu intru n cldire n fiecare dimineat. Ea merge des cu autobuzul. Unele verbe au aceeasi forma ca si substantivele: to walk - a se plimba > a walk - o plimbare

- She always gets a room in the hotel. - He often waits near the school. - I seldom speak. - We work in Predeal. - They like the woman. - to work in a factory - to wait for a bus - to speak to a boy - to like to speak to know the entrance a cunoaste intrarea - He often goes to the hotel. - He is in the room. - She seldom looks at the cars. - I speak to the boy every morning. - We always get the room. - He waits for the train every day. - I often go to church. - Its near the school. - There is a factory in Buzau. - I like to work. - He also knows the hotel. - I also enter the building every morning. - She often goes by bus. to work - a lucra > work - munca

Exist si substantive formate din verbe: to drive - a conduce > driver - sofer, conductor auto

to speak - a vorbi > a speech - vorbire, discurs

The driver goes for a walk every day. - Soferul merge la plimbare n fiecare zi. We go to work every morning. - Noi mergem s lucrm n fiecare dimineat. There is also a speech. - Este si un discurs. n expresiile to go to work si to go to school omitem articolul ca si n cazul expresiei to go to church. Si soferul are o masin rosie. Acesta este un discurs bun. El se plimb des seara. Noi vedem cldirea alb. - The driver also has a red car. - Its a good speech. - He often walks in the evening. - We see the white building.
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Ea nu este n Bucuresti dimineata. Si ei au cinci masini. Vd doi bieti n apropierea scolii. Ea este o femeie rea. Merg des acolo. Barbara deschide ntotdeauna usa. Dupa aceea ea merge s lucreze. Ea cunoaste munca. Seara ea asteapt masina. Este circulatie pe strad. Biatul se uit des la turn. El vede dou ferestre. Lui i place s mearg la turn. Este o intrare rosie si una alba. Casa este aproape de biserica. Ei merg des la biseric. Si ei viziteaza biroul n fiecare zi. Dupa aceea ei merg cu masina. Barbara conduce ntotdeauna masina rosie. Ea priveste rar circulatia. Lui i place sa conduc masina. ntotdeauna deschid usa. n fiecare zi te plimbi la cldire. Cnd te asteptm privim circulatia de pe strada. Seara ea merge ntotdeauna cu autobuzul. Apoi ea merge la gar. n restaurant ea vorbeste cu baiatul. Biatul merge cu trenul n fiecare dimineat. Scoala este n strada statiei. Este si o fabric n apropierea statiei. Tom lucreaz acolo. Si fabrica are un birou. El deschide ntotdeauna biroul si vorbeste cu Peter. Tom l asteapt des pe Peter. Aceasta este o fabric rea. John nu este n apartament. El este n starda de cumprturi. El priveste rar masinile. l astept pe John n fiecare zi. Tom are o masina bun. Acesta este un Rolls Royce. El are si dou biciclete rosii. El viziteaz seara Bucurestiul. Dupa aceea merge cu trenul, vede hotelurile si restaurantele.

- She is not in Bucharest in the morning. - They also have five cars. - I see two boys near the school. - Shes a bad woman. - I often go there. - Barbara always opens the door. - Then she goes to work. - She knows the work. - In the evening she waits for the car. - Theres traffic in the street. - The boy often looks at the tower. - He sees two windows. - He likes to go to the tower. - Theres a red and a white entrance. - The house is near the church. - They often go to church. - They also visit the office every day. - Then they go by car. - Barbara always drives the red car. - She seldom looks at the traffic. - He likes to drive a car. - I always open the door. - You walk to the building every day. - When we wait for you we look at the traffic. - In the evening she always goes by bus. - Then she goes to the railway station. - In the restaurant she speaks to the boy. - The boy goes by train every morning. - The school is in Station Street. - There is also a factory near the station. - Tom works there. - The factory also has an office. - He always opens the office and speaks to Peter. - Tom often waits for Peter. - Its a bad factory. - John is not in the apartment. - He is in shopping street. - He seldom looks at the cars. - I wait for John every day. - Tom has a good car. - Its a Rolls Royce. - He also has two red bicycles. - In the evening he visits Bucharest. - Then he goes by train and sees the hotels and the restaurants.

Lectia 3
Nu se foloseste articolul naintea cuvtului town atunci cnd reiese clar din context la care oras se refer. naintea cuvntului mother nu este necesar folosirea articolului. I have no time to visit Barbara. - Nu am timp s o vizitez pe Barbara. He goes to school in the afternoon. - Dupa-amiaz el merge la scoal. She likes to go to town. - Ei i place s mearg n oras. The girl usually waits for the train. - Fata asteapt de obicei trenul. Its a good day to work. - Aceasta este o zi bun pentru munc.
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The boy has two tables in the room. Mother is in the room. Aceasta este o zi bun pentru plimbare. Nu am timp pentru cumprturi. Mama este n cldire. Astept des cte o zi n oras. Dupa-amiaza mergem la biseric. n camer sunt dou ceasuri. to wait for for a day - a astepta pe cineva, ceva - pentru o zi, timp de o zi

- Biatul are dou mese n camer. - Mama este n camer. - Its a good day to go for a walk. - I have no time for shopping. - Mother is in the building. - I often wait in town for a day. - We go to church in the afternoon. - There are two clocks in the room. to go for a walk to look for - a merge la plimbare - a cauta

Shes a nice girl. First he sees a white building. Theres a big factory there. I know some good shops. Shes there. Its nice to see Mary. Its a big car. Some people have nice houses and some have apartments. Its a nice country. I have some clocks. We usually go first. He sees a big station. Some girls like to walk. He drives a big car every day. Bucharest is nice. Vorbesc des cu mama. Este timpul s plecm. Ea merge cteva dup-amieze la birou. Maria este des acolo. Noi suntem primii. Dupa-amiaza mergem des n oras. El este un biat drgut. n birou este o mas mare. Cteva camere au cinci ferestre. Nu am timp s merg la plimbare. Mama intr n magazin n fiecare zi. Acesta este un oras aproape de Bucuresti. Ceasul este frumos. Aceasta este o tar mare. Unii oameni merg seara la plimbare.

- Ea este o fat drgut. - nti el vede a cldire alb. - Acolo este o fabric mare. - Cunosc cteva magazine bune. - Ea este acolo. - Este placut s o vad/vedem pe Maria. - Aceasta este o masin mare. - Unii oameni au case, iar unii au apartamente. - Aceasta este o tar frumoas. - Am cteva ceasuri. - De obicei mergem primii. - El vede o statie mare. - Unor fete le place s se plimbe. - El conduce zilnic o masin mare. - Bucurestiul este frumos. - I often speak to mother. - Its time to go. - She goes to the office some afternoons. - Mary is often there. - We are first. - We often go to town in the afternoon. - Hes a nice boy. - Theres a big table in the office. - Some rooms have five windows. - I have no time to go for a walk. - Mother enters the shop every day. - Its a town near Bucharest. - The clock is nice. - Its a big country. - Some people go for a walk in the evenings.

n cazul formrii interogativului verbului to be se schimb ordinea cuvintelor din cadrul propozitiei, adic substantivul sau pronumele personal si verbul si schimb locul ntre ele. Afirmativ: I am a girl. - Eu sunt (o) fat. He is a boy. - El este (un) biat. They are in the room.- Ei sunt n camer. The girl is nice. - Fata este dragut. Interogativ: Am I a girl? Is he a boy? Are they in the house? Is the girl nice?
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- Eu sunt (o) fat? - Este el (un) biat? - Ei sunt n camer? - Este dragut fata?

They are big buildings. You are a good boy. Its a big car.

Are they big buildings? - Sunt cldiri mari? Are you a good boy? - Esti (un) biat bun? Is it a big car?

Cnd rspunsul la ntrebare este afirmativ, acesta este formulat cu ajutorul cuvntului yes-da, urmat de pronumele personal si de ctre verb. Substantivul folosit n ntrebare va fi nlocuit cu pronumle personal. It nlocuieste substantivele la persoana a treia singular, dac ne referim la obiecte, animale sau abstractiuni. They nlocuieste substantivul la plural. Are you in the house? - Esti n cas? Yes, I am. Is he a nice boy? - Este un baiat dragut? Yes, he is. Is the house big? - Este mare casa? Yes, it is. Are they in the office? - Ei sunt n birou? Yes, they are. Are the cars white? - Masinile sunt albe? Yes, they are. Are we near Bucharest? Yes, we are. Cnd rspunsul este negativ folosim cuvntul no urmat de pronumele personal, apoi de verb si not. is not se prescurteaz isnt, are not > arent, am not numai n I am not > Im not. Are you a boy? > No, I am not. > No, Im not. Is he in the car? > No, he is not. > No, he isnt. Are we near Bucharest? > No, we are not. > No, we arent.Is it a big car? > No, it is not. > No, it isnt. Are the people nice? > No, they are not. > No, they arent. who - cine, pe cine what - ce where - unde, pe unde, ncotro n ntrebri, cuvintele interogative who, what, where, when stau naintea verbelor. Who is it? What is it? Unde este biserica? Ce este pe mas? Cine este fata? Cnd esti n birou? to ask to think - a ntreba, a cere (cuiva, ceva) - a gndi, a se gndi - Cine este? - Ce este? when - cnd

Where is the boy? - Unde ste baiatul? When are you in the building?- Cnd esti n cladire? - Where is the church? - What is on the table? - Who is the girl? - When are you in the office? to live to want - a tri, a locui - a vrea, a dori

Ne place s locuim n Bucuresti. Cred c vrea s fie primul. O ntreb des pe Maria. Ea vrea s locuiasc la Bucuresti. Suntem ntotdeauna acolo. Vreau s am o masin. Eu cred c aceasta nu este o scoal bun.

- We like to live in Bucharest. - I think he wants to be first. - I often ask Mary. - She wants to live in Bucharest. - We are always there. - I want to have a car. - I think it is a bad school.

n propozitiile atributive, cuvintele relativ-interogative who, where, when pot fi omise. Cred c i place s locuiasc la oras. Ea vrea s vad strada comercial. Apoi ea vrea s mearg la biseric. Trim ntr-o tar mare. I seldom look through the window. through and through Its a through train to London. Its a street for through traffic. He usually walks behind John. The office is behind the school. - I think she wants to live in town. - She wants to see the shopping street. - Then she wants to visit the church. - We live in a big country. - Privesc rar prin geam (pe fereastr). - de la un capat la celalalt (de-a lungul si de-a latul) - Acesta este un tren direct spre Londra. - Este o strad pentru circulatie continu. - De obicei merge n urma lui John. - Oficiul este n spatele scolii.
6

She is behind the shop. I know the town through and through. She sees a red car through the window. You often go to church behind the station. He goes by bicycle through the town every day.

- Ea este n spatele statiei. - Cunosc orasul de la un capt la cellalt. - Ea vede o masin rosie pe fereastr. - Tu mergi des la biserica din spatele statiei. - El merge cu bicicleta prin oras n fiecare zi.

n propozitiile afirmative ntlnite pn acum verbul era la prezentul simplu ( the Simple Present Tense). n propozitiile interogative, toate verbele cu exceptia lui to be, sunt nsotite de verbul auxiliar to do. Verbul to do st naintea subiectului dup care urmeaz verbul de conjugat. I like the town. You go to the shop every day. We always wait for the train. They often go to church. The boys like the town. Do I like the town? Do you go to the shop every day? Do we always wait for the train? Do they often go to church? Do the boys like the town? - mi place orasul?

Dac n ntrebare figureaz pronumele he, she, it sau un substantiv, verbul auxiliar va fi does, iar verbul aflat n propozitie nu primeste terminatia "-s. She often goes to Bucharest. He seldom visits Mary. Peter goes to school every day. Does she often go to Bucharest? - Ea merge des la Bucuresti? Does he seldom visit Mary? - El o viziteaz rar pe Maria? Does Peter go to school every day?

Ca si n cazul verbului to be, n ntrebri auxiliare folosim si cuvinte interogative (where, when, etc) care stau naintea verbelor auxiliare la nceputul propozitiei. Where do you usually go in the morning? When do you usually open the shop? What cars does she like? John walks to work every day. They often visit the woman. We seldom see the buildings. He opens the shop in the morning. - Unde mergi de obicei dimineata? - Cnd deschizi de obicei magazinul? - Ce fel de masini i plac (ei)? Where does John walk every day? When do they visit the woman? What do we seldom see? When does he open the shop?

Constructia interogativului formulat cu ajutorul cuvntului who este asemntoare cu cea a propozitiei afirmative, numai c pronumele personal sau substantivul este nlocuit de cuvntul who. Verbul va fi conjugat la persoana a treia singular, deci va primi terminatia -s. John opens the door every day. They seldom see the station. You like cars. Who opens the door every day? Who seldom sees the station? Who likes cars? - Cine deschide usa n fiecare zi? - Cine vede rar statia? - Cui i plac masinile?

Dac rspundem afirmativ la o ntrebare care ncepe cu do/does, atunci dup cuvntul yes punem pronumele corespunztor, apoi verbul auxiliar. Do you like the girl? Yes, I do. Does she live in Bucharest? Yes, she does. Do we go to school in the morning? Yes, we do. Does the boy like cars? Yes, he does.

Dac rspunsul este negativ, pronumele personal se afl dup cuvntul nourmat de verbul auxiliar si cuvntul not. do not se prescurteaz dont iar does not > doesnt Do you like the girl? Does she live in Bucharest? Do we go to school in the morning? No, I do not. No, she does not. No, we do not.
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No, I dont. No, she doesnt. No, we dont.

Does he visit the women every day? Unde mergi adesea? Ei o viziteaz pe femeie n fiecare zi? Cnd mergi de obicei s te plimbi? Cui i place s se uite la circulatie? Deschizi des fereastra? Unde este Petre? Si fata vrea s mearg cu trenul? Cine l asteapt ntotdeauna pe biat? Ei vd autobuzul pe fereastr? Cine este n cldire? Cunosti hotelul din strada Grii? Vrei s mergi acolo dup-amiaza? Unde vrei s mergi cu autobuzul? Cnd vrea s mearg la Bucuresti? Acesta este un birou?

No, he does not.

No, he doesnt.

- Where do you often go? - Do they visit the women every day? - When do you usually go for a walk? - Who likes to look at the traffic? - Do you often open the window? - Where is Peter? - Does the girl also want to go by train? - Who always waits for the boy? - Do they see the bus through the window? - Who is in the building? - Do you know the hotel in Station Street? - Do you want to go there in the afternoon? - Where do you want to go by bus? - When does she want to go to Bucharest? - Is it an office?

Adjective posesive: my - meu, mea, mei ,mele your - tau, ta, tai, tale his - al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale her - al ei/sa, a ei/ sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale its - lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale) our - nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre your - vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre, dumneavoastra their - lor Aceste forme ale adjectivului posesiv se folosesc att pentru singular, ct si pentru plural my shop - magazinul meu my shops - magazinele mele It is my house. Your clock is nice. Its windows are big. His shops are big. - Aceasta este casa mea. - Ceasul tu este frumos. - Geamurile sale sunt mari. - Magazinele lui sunt mari. Our car is red. Your country is big. Their scool is good. It is her bicycle. - Masina noastr este rosie. - Tara voastr este mare. - Scoala lor este bun. - Aceasta este bicicleta ei.

I have a blue car. Its a green house. I often go for a short walk. Its a long table. We always wait for the bus for a long time.

- Am o masin albastr. - Aceasta este o cas verde. - Adesea merg s fac o plimbare scurt. - Aceasta este o mas mare/lung. - ntotdeauna asteptm mult timp autobuzul.

n limba englez adjectivele (ex. big, nice, long, short) nu se conjug, forma de plural fiind aceeasi cu cea de singular. Nu mi place albastrul si verdele n oras sunt si strzi scurte. Este o camer albastr n cas. Aceasta este o strad lung. Tara voastr este mare? Nu avem timp sa vizitm fetele. Unde locuiesti? Merg des la Bucuresti pentru o zi. n spatele statiei este o scoal. Unii oameni merg seara la plimbare? - I dont like blue and green. - There are also short streets in the town. - There is a blue room in the house. - Its a long street. - Is your country big? - We have no time to visit the girls. - Where do you live? - I often go to Bucharest for a day. - There is a school behind the station. - Do some people go for a walk in the evening?
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Cine intr de obicei primul n cldire? Pe mas este un ceas frumos. Mama noastr crede c suntem n cas. mi place s vorbesc cu mama lui. Sunt cteva orologii mari n oras. Cnd o astepti pe mama ta? Ce este? Cred c este un hotel drgut. Mama ei se uita des pe fereastr. Mamele lor sunt n oras. n oras este un trafic permanent.

- Who usually enter the building first? - There is a nice clock on the table. - Our mother thinks we are in the house. - I like to speak to his mother. - There are some big clocks in the town. - When do you wait for your mother? - What is it? - I think its a nice hotel. - Her mother often looks through the window. - Their mothers are in town. - There is through traffic in the town.

Lectia 4
n fata lui hour st an deoarece pronuntia cuvntului ncepe cu o vocal. Its six oclock in the morning. Theres a statue in the square. There are some chairs in the room. I wait for the bus five minutes every day. The second car is red. We seldom go to town for one hour. Al doilea autobuz merge n piat? El are un scaun albastru. ntotdeauna o astept pe Maria o or si cinci minute. Este ora sase seara. Statuia este n piat? one two half past - unu three - doi four - jumtate - trecut (de); si - trei - patru - Este ora sase dimineata. - n piat este o statuie. - n camer sunt cteva scaune. - n fiecare zi astept autobuzul cinci minute. - A doua masin este rosie. - Rareori mergem n oras pentru o or. - Does the second bus go to the square? - He has a blue chair. - I always wait for Mary one hour and five minutes. - Its six oclock in the evening. - Is the statue in the square? nine ten - nou - zece

five - cinci seven - sapte six - sase eight - opt half an hour - jumtate de or half past one - unu si jumtate

Expresia oclok apare n propozitie atunci cnd ne referim la ore fixe. n alte situatii nu folosim acest cuvnt. Atunci cnd mentionm ora si minutul nu este obligatoriu s folosim si cuvntul minute. Dac vrem s spunem c la o anumit or se ntmpl ceva, folosim prepozitia at naintea orei respective: la sapte - at seven oclock n vorbirea curenta adeseori se neglijeaza cuvntul oclock. Its ten past six. - Este ora sase si zece minute. I usually go to school at seven oclock in the morning.- De obicei merg la scoal la ora sapte dimineata. She thinks its nine oclock. - Ea crede c este ora nou. My train is at half past two. - Trenul meu este la dou si jumtate. Its nine. - Este ora nou. n limba englez propozitile de tipul este ora zece ncep cu cuvntul it: It is ten. Formarea negatiei n cazul rspunsurilor dezvoltate: Im not in the office. He/She isnt in the building. We arent in Bucharest. They arent nice. - Nu sunt n birou. - El/ea nu este n cldire. - Nu suntem n Bucuresti. - Ei nu sunt drguti. You arent a father. It isnt a chair. You arent first. - Tu nu esti tata. - Acesta nu este un scaun. - Nu esti primul.

n acele propozitii n care nu folosim verbul to be not st dupa verbul auxiliar si verbul nu primeste s.
9

I dont like blue. You do not usually go to work in the evening. He does not know Mary. She doesnt see her father. We dont often visit our mother. You dont go for a walk every day. Ea nu vrea s mearg la plimbare. Nu ne plac masinile. Nu sunt n oras. Nu vreau s astept. Acesta nu este trenul meu. Nu le place s mearg la scoal. Nu este mama lui. Nu ti place tatl meu. El nu vrea masina.

- Nu mi place albastrul. - Tu nu mergi de obicei seara la plimbare. - Nu o cunoaste pe Maria. - Ea nu-l vede des pe tatl ei. - Nu o vizitm des pe mama noastr. - Nu mergi la plimbare n fiecare zi. - She doesnt want to go for a walk. - We dont like cars. - I am not in town. - I dont want to wait. - It isnt my train. - They dont like to go to school. - She isnt his mother. - You dont like my father. - He doesnt want the car. No, I have not. No, she has not.

Dac n ntrebare folosim verbul to have, utilizm inversiunea ca si la to be. I have a car. Have you a car? Yes, I have. She has a nice car. Has she a nice car? Yes, she has. have not se prescurteaza havent, iar has not > hasnt I havent a car. - Nu am masin. She hasnt a house.

- Ea nu are cas.

Propozitia I havent a car are aceeasi semnificatie ca si I have no car. Varianta a doua exprim mai accentuat acelasi lucru. Ai un restaurant? - Have you a restaurant? Nu am masin mare. - I havent a big car. Nu au tat. - They havent a car. into - n, spre, nspre, cu n propozitie cuvntul into sta dupa verb. They always go first into the house. Ai timp? - Have you time? Ea nu are biciclet. - She hasnt a bicycle. Biatul are un ceas? - Has the boy a clock? to go into - a intra undeva - Ei merg ntotdeauna prima dat n cas.

Pronumele si adjectivele demonstrative this, that, these, those fac posibil stabilirea precis a persoanelor sau a altor substantive. Dac o persoan sau un obiect sunt aproape de noi, folosim pronumele demonstrativ this (singular) sau these (plural). Dac persoana sau obiectul sunt departe de noi, atunci folosim la singular pronumele si adjectivul demonstrativ that, iar la plural those. this these - acesta, aceasta - acestia, acestea that those - acela, aceea - aceia

Acesta este un ceas frumos. Masa aceea este alb? Aceasta este mama lui. Tu cnd deschizi de obicei ferestrele acestea? Cui i plac fetele acelea? Cred c este autobuzul acela. Ei merg adesea n acest hotel. Scaunele acelea sunt verzi? Le plac aceste orase? home - cas; tar; locuint; cmin

- This is a nice clock. - Is that table white? - This is his mother. - When do you usually open these windows? - Who likes those girls? - I think its that bus. - They often go to this bus. - Are those chairs green? - Do they like these towns? house
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- cas

at home

- acas to write (to)

to go home -a scrie (cuiva)

- a merge acas to take -a lua,a prinde

to thank (for) -a multumi pentru ti multumesc pentru aceast masin. Ea i scrie des Mariei. De obicei si duc crtile la scoal.

- Thank you for this car. . - She often writes to Mary. - They usually take their books to school.

Dac verbul thank (for) se afl la persoana nti singular,atunci nu este precedat de pronumele personal I. It takes an hour to go home. I usually take a bus to work. It takes some time. He takes you for a driver. - Ii ia o or s ajung acas. - De obicei m duc la lucru cu autobuzul. - Iti ia ceva timp. - El te ia drept sofer.

to take () for -a lua drept; a considera; a confunda cu El merge ntodeauna cu al doilea autobuz. Ea are ceas n camera ei? Cnd i scrie el tatlui su? Ei merg la lucru la ora nou dimineata. Cine vrea s mearg acas? Unde merg acesti oameni cu acest autobuz? Fetele acelea asteapt ntodeauna aceast masin. Esti acas la noua si jumtate? Dureaz o or pna i scrie Mariei. Unde sunt ei? Strzile acestea sunt lungi? Mama si tatl lui sunt la serviciu toat ziua. ti multumesc pentru aceast biciclet. El ia ntodeauna autobuzul acela. Nu le place s mearga n aceast piat. Azi vreau s merg la plimbare. In aceast camer sunt cteva scaune. El nu are timp s vorbeasc cu mama lui. - He always takes the second bus. - Has she a clock in her room? - When does he write to his father? - They go to work at nine in the morning. - Who wants to go home? - Where do these people go by this bus? - Those girls always wait for this car. - Are you at home at half past nine? - It takes an hour to write to Mary. - Where are they? - Are these streets long? - His mother and father are at work for a day. - Thank you for this bicycle. - He always takes that bus. - They dont like to go to this square. - Today I want to go for a walk. - There are some chairs in this room. - He hasnt time to speak to his mother.

Treceti mai departe doar dup ce rezolvati far greseal urmtorul exercitiu: Cnd merg la Bucuresti vizitez ntodeauna aceast piat si m uit la aceast statuie. Scaunul meu este n camera a doua. ntodeauna merg acas cu autobuzul. Cnd m uit pe fereastr vd acele magazine de pe strada comercial. Este ora trei si opt minute. El vrea s scrie azi mamei sale. De obicei l asteapt pe tatl lor acas. Vezi masinile acelea albastre? Unde merge el seara? Mergi la plimbare n fiecare zi? Maria deschide magazinul su la ora opt dimineata. Drumul pna acas dureaz o or. Unele trenuri sunt trenuri directe. Aceste strzi sunt cu circulatie continu. Crezi c el este acolo? - When I go to Bucharest I always visit this square and look at this statue - My chair is in the second room. - I always go home by bus. - When I look through the window I see those shops in the shopping street. - Its eight past three. - He wants to write to his mother today. - They usually wait for their father at home. - Do you see those blue cars? - Where does he go in the evening? - Do you go for a walk every day? - Mary opens her shop at eight in the morning. - It takes an hour to go home. - Some trains are through trains. - These streets are for through traffic. - Do you think hes there?
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Nu, el nu este acolo. - No,he isnt there. Nu avem timp s vorbim cu tine. - We havent time to speak to you. Cine crede c aceast cldire este frumoas? - Who thinks this building is nice? Sunt dou ceasuri n aceast camer. - There are two clocks in this room. Acest tren intr ntodeauna dimineata n gar? - Does this train always go into the station in the morning? Locuiesc n spatele acelui bloc cu apartamente. - I live behind that apartment building. Cunosti acele strzi comerciale? - Do you know those shopping streets? Cred c el vrea s viziteze acest turn. - I think he wants to visit this tower. ntodeauna l astept ceva timp. - I always wait for him for some time. Nu mi plac bietii aceia. - I dont like those boys.

Lectia 5
The third car is red. - A treia masin este rosie. Mother is in the kitchen.- Mama este n buctrie. This man has a book. - Brbatul acesta are o carte. I live in Romania. - Triesc n Romnia. My son is at the school. - Fiul meu este la scoal. a good week - o sptmn bun a long letter - o scrisoare lung I often go to the post-office Ea lucreaz la oficiul postal. Romnia este o tar frumoas. El ia ntotdeauna acest stilou la serviciu. Aceasta este a treia cas de pe strad. Fiul nostru merge la scoal. Sptmna are sapte zile. Acest brbat are o masin rosie. Vreau s scriu o scrisoare mamei mele. Pe mas este o carte. Tatl lor este n buctrie. Acesta este un stilou verde. Acest brbat si fiul su merg n fiecare zi la serviciu cu autobuzul. Oficiul postal se afl n apropierea statiei. n buctrie sunt patru crti. Sunt cteva orase frumoase n Romnia. Aceast scrisoare este pentru tine. mi place a treia cas. Monday Tuesday - luni - marti Wednesday - miercuri Thursday - joi a nice pen - un stilou frumos .- Merg des la oficiul postal. - She works at the post-office. - Romania is a nice country. - He always takes this pen to work. - Its the third house in the street. - Our son goes to school. - A week has seven days. - This man has a red car. - I want to write a letter to my mother. - There is a book on the table. - Their father is in the kitchen. - Its a green pen. - This man and his son go to work by bus every day. - The post-office is near the station. - There are four books in the kitchen. - There are some nice towns in Romania. - This letter is for you. - I like the third house. Friday Saturday - vineri - smbt Sunday - duminic

naintea zilelor sptmnii folosim prepozitia on. Zilele sptmnii se scriu ntotdeauna cu liter mare. Miercuri de obicei merg acolo dimineata. Vreau s-l vizitez pe tatl meu smbt. Mergi duminica la bisaric? Marti suntem ntotdeauna acas. De obicei vineri scriu mamei mele o scrisoare. Nu-mi place s merg luni la serviciu. Unde mergi de obicei joi? - On Wednesday I usually go there in the morning. - I want to visit my father on Saturday. - Do you go to church on Sunday? - On Tuesday we are always at home. - I usually write a letter to my mother on Friday. - I dont like to go to work on Monday. - Where do you usually go on Thursday?

Dac naintea zilelor sptmnii se afl cuvntul every, nu folosim prepozitia on. every Monday - fiecare luni
12

to talk (to/with) - a vorbi, a conversa to come - a veni, a ajunge She reads a book every Sunday. This man loves his son. He comes to the post-office every Thursday. We often talk to our sons. Do you understand it? Vorbesti des cu mama ta? Cnd vine el de obicei la birou? Ce fel de crti le place s citeasc? mi place s merg n aceast piat. O ntelegi pe mama ta? Ea l iubeste pe fiul nostru. El vine n fiecare duminic la voi. Vorbesc des cu tatl lor. Nu nteleg (aceasta, lucru). Vreau s citesc aceast carte.

to undestand - a ntelege, a pricepe

to read - a citi to love - a iubi

- Ea citeste o carte n fiecare duminic. - Acest brbat si iubeste fiul. - El vine la oficiul postal n fiecare joi. - Vorbim des cu fiii nostri. - ntelegi? - Do you often talk to your mother? - When does he usually come to the office? - What books do they like to read? - I love to go to this square. - Do you understand your mother? - She loves our son. - He comes to your house every Sunday. - I often talk to their father. - I dont understand it. - I want to read this book.

I always visit my mother at five oclock on Sunday. - O vizitez ntotdeauna pe mama mea duminic la ora 5. Dac n propozitie exist dou complemente de timp, atunci pe primul loc trece definirea exact a orei (invers ca n limba romna): seara la ora 8 - at eight in the evening luni la ora 6 - at six on Monday right to the right on the right - drept, dreapta, potrivit, corect - la dreapta - n dreapta, n partea dreapta all right to be right - n ordine, n regula - a avea dreptate

Is this the right bus? Look to the right! There is a school on the right. All right! We are going there now. I think youre right.

- Acesta este autobuzul potrivit? - Priveste la dreapta! - n dreapta este o scoal. - n regul! Acum mergem acolo. - Cred c ai dreptate.

Pentru descrierea actiunilor care nu au loc zilnic sau nu se repet n mod regulat ci se desfsoar n momentul vorbirii, folosim timpul prezent continuu (Present Continuous Tense). Acest timp se foloseste n trei cazuri.

A Propozitiile la timpul prezent continuu se compun din:

Subiect I He This poaple + Forma corespunztoare + Verb ( cu a verbului to be terminatia ing) am opening is going are reading + complement direct sau alt parte de propozitie the door. home. books.

Dac folosim acest timp verbul to be nu se traduce n aceste cazuri. Verbul to be este o parte a predicatului si avem nevoie de el doar pentru exprimarea timpului. Deci timpul prezent continuu se foloseste pentru actiunile care se desfsoar n momentul vorbirii. Accentuarea acestuia este posibil cu ajutorul urmtoarelor complemente de timp. now acum at the moment - n acest moment, chiar acum
13

just - tocmai, chiar acum

We are visiting the church now. She is waiting for her mother at the moment. They are just reading books. My father is going for a walk now. He is driving to work at the moment.

- Acum vizitm biserica. - n acest moment ea o asteapt pe mama sa. - Ei citesc niste crti chiar acum. - Tatl meu merge la plimbare acum. - Chiar acum merge la serviciu cu masina.

Complementul circumstantial just st naintea verbului la aspectul continuu (cu terminatia ing), iar now si at the moment se gsesc la nceputul sau la sfrsitul propozitiei. n cazul verbelor care se termin cu litera e (ex write) la adugarea terminatiei ing e-ul se omite. Acum vizitm aceast piat frumoas. Ei tocmai intr n scoal. n acest moment mama mea deschide magazinul. Fii nostri conduc acum. John tocmai vorbeste cu Maria. Acum lucrez acas. Chiar acum l astepti pe tatal su. - We are visiting this nice square now. - They are just entering the school. - My mother is opening the shop at the moment. - Our sons are driving now. - John is just talking with Mary. - I am working at home now. - At the moment you are waiting for your father.

Forma interogativ a timpului prezent continuu se obtine prin acelsi procedeu (inversarea ordinii). John is reading a book now. We are just going home. She is taking the bus to work at the moment. Ea vorbeste chiar n clipa aceasta cu biatul? Ei te asteapt pe tine n acest moment? Acum lucrezi acas? Acum mergem la plimbare? El priveste aceste fete chiar acum? - Is John reading a book now? - Are we just going home? - Is she taking the bus to work at the moment? - Is she talking to the boy at the moment? - Are they waiting for you at the moment? - Are you working at home now? - Are we going for a walk now? - Is he looking at these girls at the moment?

La nceputul propozitiilor interogative putem folosi si pronume interogative. John is going for a walk now. You are reading a letter at the moment. My mother is just working. Ce iau ei acum? Ce viziteaz el acum? Unde merge ea cu masina n acest moment? Cine scrie tocmai acum o scrisoare mamei? - Where is John going now? - What are you reading at the moment? - Who is just working? - What are they taking now? - What is he visiting now? - Where is she driving at the moment? - Who is just writing a letter to mother?

Rspunsurile scurte afirmative si negative ncep cu cuvintele yes/no care sunt urmate de pronumele personal si forma corespunztoare a verbului to be. La aceasta se adaug cuvntul not dac rspunsul exprim o negatie. Are you going home now? Is she looking at this building at the moment? Are they visiting the church now? Are you going for a walk now? Is she just entering the school? Are you driving home now? Is my father talking with Mary at the moment? Are they reading letters now? - Yes, I am. - Yes, she is. - Yes, they are. - No, I am not. - No, she isnt. - No, they arent.

- I am not going for a walk now. - She isnt just entering the school. - We arent driving home now. - My father isnt talking with Mary at the moment. - They are not reading letters now.
14

England isnt a big country. I love Romanian towns. This is an English car. My father is speaking Romanian now. Their son doesnt speak English when hes in Ro. What time is it now? My son is here, in this room. I have little time to visit you. Ten and ten is twenty. Acum fiul lor merge cu masina n Romnia. Acum merg la oficiul postal. mi plac buctriile englezesti. El are dou stilouri verzi. Unde merge brbatul acesta acum? Nu mi plac zilele de luni. Miercurea este a treia zi a sptmnii. El citeste acum o carte n englez? Mama mea de obicei nu mi ntelege scrisorile. Trenul nostru tocmai soseste. Joi la ora opt l vizitez ntotdeauna pe fiul meu. Cine te asteapt acum? La ce or mergi la scoal n fiecare zi? Acesti bieti vorbesc acum cu fetele acelea? She has blue eyes. My baby is in the third room. Yoor mouth is red. My daughter is reading a book now. It is Monday tomorrow. One month has four weeks. There are three beds in the room. Her desk is good. Acest bebelus are ochi verzi si o gur mare. Fiica lui are doi fii. Vreau s merg la culcare. Nu am birou n camer. Ce lun este acum? Mine este marti.

- Anglia nu este o tar mare. - Iubesc orasele romnesti. - Aceasta este o masin englezeasc. - Tatl meu vorbeste romneste acum. - Fiul lor nu vorbeste engleza atunc cnd este n Ro. - Ct este ceasul acum? - Fiul meu este aici, n aceast camer. - Am putin timp ca s te vizitez. - Zece si cu zece fac douzaci. - Their son is driving to Romania now. - I am going to the post office now. - I like English kitchens. - He has two green pens. - Where is this man going now? - I dont like Mondays. - Wednesday is the third day of the week. - Is he reading an English book now? - My mother doesnt usually understand my letters. - Our train is just coming. - I always visit my son at eight onThursday. - Who is waiting for you now? - What time do you go to school every day? - Are these boys talking to those girls now? - Ea are ochi albastri. - Bebelusul meu este n camera a treia. - Gura ta este rosie. - Fiica mea citeste acum o carte. - Mine este luni. - O lun are patru sptmni. - n camer sunt trei paturi. - Biroul ei este bun. - This baby has green eyes and a big moth. - His daughter has two sons. - I want to go to bed. - I have no desk in the room. - What month is it now? - It is Tuesday tomorrow.

Prepozitia into nseamn n limba romn n, spre, nspre. Opusul acesteia adic notiunea afar din, din se exprim prin out of. He is coming into the kitchen now. He is going out of the kitchen now. She is taking the baby out of the car now. - El intr acum n buctrie. - El iese din buctrie. - Ea scoate acum bebelusul din masin.

Un alt tip de situatie n care se utilizeaza timpul prezent continuu; acesta poate exprima timpul viitor, cnd este vorba despre o actiune pe care am plnuit-o deja, de aceea n mod sigur ea va avea loc. Aceste propozitii se pot traduce n limba romn att la timpul prezent ct si la timpul viitor. Tomorrow I am going to my mother. - Mine merg la mama mea.
15

On Friday we are writing the letter to you. Tomorrow we are opening the shop. On Thursday they are working at home.

- Vineri ti scriem o scrisoare. - Mine vom deschide un magazin. - Joi ei vor lucra acas.

Pentru indicarea viitorului putem folosi urntoarele adverbe: next - urmtor, care urmeaz, viitor in - n, peste, n decurs de, dup Next Monday I am taking you to England. I am going to Romania today. - Luna viitoare te duc n Anglia. - Merg n Romnia peste dou zile.

Sptmna viitore mergem la mama mea. - Next week we are going to my mother. Mine dup-amiaz citesc aceast carte. - I am reading this book tomorrow afternoon. Smbt dup-amiaz nu merg cu masina la serviciu- On Sturday I am not taking the car to work. Unde merg ei luna viitoare? - Where are they going next month? Vizitm Anglia peste trei sptmni. - We ere visiting England in three weeks. El se duce la serviciu miercuri? - Is he going to work on Wednesday? Pronumele personale si adjective pronominale posesive Nominativ Adjective pronominale posesive I you he she it we you they - eu - tu, dvs - el - ea - el,ea - noi - voi, dvs - ei, ele my your his her its our your - meu, mea, mei, mele - ta, tu, ti, tale, dumitale, dvs - lui/su, lui/sa, lui/si (lui/sale) - ei/su, si, sale - lui, sale, ei (pt obiecte, animale) - nostru, noastr, nostri, noastre - vostru, voastr, vostri, voastre dumitale, dvs their - lor Acuzativ (si dativ) me you him her it us you - pe mine, m, mie, mi, mi - pe tine, te, tie, ti, ti, dumitale - pe el, l, l-, lui, i, l- pe ea, o, ei, i - pe el, l, lui,i, i-, pe ea,o,ei,i - pe noi, ne, nou, ne, ni - pe voi,v,pe dumneata, pe dvs,vou, v, vi them - pe ei/ele, lor, le li She loves me. - Ea m iubeste. His father likes us. -Tatl lui ne place.

Im just talking to him. - Tocmai i vorbesc. I dont understand her. - Nu o nteleg. Im writing a letter to them now.- Acum le scriu o scrisoare. We are talking about it now. - Acum vorbim despre aceasta. Tocmai vorbim despre el. O cunosti pe ea? Mine mergi la scoal cu noi? Cine se uit la mine acum? Nu vreau s vorbesc despre el. Mine i duc la Bucuresti. Tocmai citesc despre aceasta. Maria merge cu tine mine la plimbare? He is giving me his pen now. I am just sending a letter. They are showing me their apartment now. Acum ti dau cartea mea. El tocmai i scrie ei o scrisoare. Nu vorbim despre ei si masinile lor. Peste o saptamna te duc la mama mea. 11 12 13 - eleven - twelve - thirteen 14 15 16 - fourteen - fifteen - sixteen 17 18 19

- Im just speaking about him. - Do you know her? - Are you going to school with us tomorrow? - Who is looking at me now? - I dont want to talk about him. - Im taking them to Bucharest. - Im just reading about it. - Is Mary going for a walk with you tomorrow? - Acum mi d stiloul lui. - Tocmai trimit o scrisoare. - Ei mi arat acum apartamentul lor. - I am giving you my book now. - He is just writing a letter to her. - We are not talking about them and their cars. - In a week I am taking you to my mother. - seventeen - eighteen - nineteen
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Recapitularea lectiei: Mine mergi la el (la casa lui)? Unde trimiti scrisoarea ei? Saptamna viitoare i ducem n Anglia pentru cincisprezece zile. A treia cas din dreapta are dousprezece camere. Eu tocmai duc bebelusul lor n buctrie. Pe biroul tu este un stilou. Acest brbat are dou fiice. Nu nteleg engleza. Vreau s-ti dau crtile mele. Ne place s mergem la plimbare duminica. n fiecare vineri l vizitez pe fiul meu. Acum ei nu se uit la noi. Cine are ochi frumosi? Nu citesc aceast carte acum. Tocmai scriu o scrisoare tatlui nostru. Ei vorbesc acum despre fiica ta? Momentan nu-i artm (ei) casa noastr. Smbt venim ntotdeauna la tine. Unde este? Stii despre aceasta?

- Are you going to his house tomorrow? - Where are you sending her letter? - Next week we are taking them to England for fifteen days. - The third house on the right has twelve rooms. - Im just taking their baby to the kitchen. - There is a pen on your desk. - This man has two daughters. - I dont understand English. - I want to give you my books. - We love to go for a walk on Sunday. - I visit my son every Friday. - They arent looking at us now. - Who has nice eyes? - Im not reading this book now. - Im just writing a letter to our father. - Are they talking about your daughter now? - At the moment we are not showing her our house. - On Saturday we always come to you. - Where is it? - Do you know about it?

Lectia 6
to ask a question - a pune o ntrebare, a ntreba ceva which way - pe unde My sister is a nice girl. I dont want to eat this fish. Tomorrow we are going to her garden. Do you want to ask him this question? I havent money. Their suits are green. That woman has nice hands. Have you animals at home? The way to this town is long. Acum sunt n grdina noastr. Surorii tale i place s mnnce peste. El are bani n mn. Costumul tu este frumos. Nu nteleg ntrebarea ta. Pe unde mergi la serviciu de obicei? Iubesc animalele mari. this way - pe aici, pe aceast cale - Sora mea este o fat drgut. - Nu vreau s mnnc acest peste. - Mine mergem n grdina ei. - Vrei s-i pui lui aceast ntrebare? - Nu am bani. - Costumele lor sunt verzi. - Femeia aceea are mini frumoase. - Ai acas animale? - Drumul spre acest oras este lung. - Im in our garden now. - Your sister likes to eat fish. - He has money in his hand. - Your suit is nice. - I dont understand your question. - Which way do you usually go to work? - I love big animals.

C Al treilea caz n care se foloseste timpul Present Continuous. Prezentul continuu se foloseste si atunci
cnd actiunea se desfsoar n prezent si se refer la o activitate exceptional. n acest caz folosim urmtoarele complemente de timp: today - azi this (week, month) - acesta, aceasta/n aceast (sptmn, lun) I usually go to work by bus, but today I am going by car. We usually eat at home, but this week - De obicei merg la lucru cu autobuzul, dar azi merg cu masina. - De obicei mncm acas, dar n aceast sptmn
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we are eating at a restaurant. He usually reads books in the evenings, but today he is going for a walk. but - dar, ns, totusi

mncm la restaurant. - De obicei seara el citeste crti, dar azi el merge la plimbare.

Mama mea de obicei lucreaza pn la opt, dar azi lucreaz pn la cinci. Dimineata merg des la scoal, dar n aceast dimineat merg la cumprturi. Tatlui lor i place s citeasc crti dup-amiaza, dar azi o viziteaz pe mama sa. n aceast lun nu conduc masina. Azi nu lucrm, dar l ducem pe fiul nostru la Bucuresti. De obicei merg pe jos la lucru, dar azi tatl meu m va lua cu masina. Nu-mi place s-l vizitez pe acest biat, dar sptmna aceasta m duc la el. De obicei ei merg la lucru dimineata, dar azi merg dup-amiaz. Nu-mi place s o astept pe sora lui, dar azi o astept n aceast lun l duc n Anglia. to fly - a zbura (a cltori cu avionul); Tomorrow Im flying to Berlin. He often brings her books. That girl is just smiling at you. Mine calatoresc cu avionul la Londra. Acest biat mi zmbeste ntotdeauna. Tata aduce masa n a doua camer. Cteodat o vd pe sora lor. n aceast cas sunt trei dormitoare. Cum te cheam? Cum i cheam? mi place s merg cu avionul.

- My mother usually works to eight, but today she is working to five. - I often go to school in the morning, but this morning I am going shopping. - Their father likes to read books in the afternoon, but today he is visiting his mother. - This month I am not driving the car. - Today we are not working but we are taking our son to Bucharest. - I usually walk to work, but today my father is taking me by car. - I dont like to visit this boy, but this week Im going there. - They usually go to work in the morning, but today they are going in the afternoon. - I dont like to wait for his sister,but today I am waiting - This month Im taking him to England. to smile (at) - a zmbi (cuiva)

to bring - a aduce;

- Mine cltoresc cu avionul la Berlin. - El aduce des crtile ei. - Fata aceea tocmai ti zmbeste. - Tomorrow Im flying to London. - This boy always smiles at me. - Father is bringing the table to the second room. - I sometimes see their sister. - There are three bedrooms in this house. - What is your name? - What are their names? - I like to go by plane.

Exist verbe pe care nu le putem folosi la timpul prezent continuu. Acestea sunt verbe care exprim senzatii sau sentimente: to see - a vedea to want - a vrea to know - a sti, a cunoaste to have - a avea, a poseda to like - a-i plcea to understand - a ntelege, a pricepe to think - a crede to be - a fi I know his sister. I dont understand him. - O cunosc pe sora lui. - Nu-l nteleg. I like you. - mi placi.

Chiar si n cazul n care pe lnga aceste verbe n propozitie se afla expresiile now, just, at the moment n mod obligatoriu se foloseste timpul Present Simple. At the moment I dont see him. - Nu-l vd acum. I dont know it now. - Acum nu stiu. I dont understand you now. - Acum nu te nteleg.
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Acum stiu c mine el merge la Bucuresti. n aceast sptmn o vd marti. Tatl nostru nu lucreaz acum n grdin. Unde merg cu avionul surorile lui mine? Acesti oameni lucreaz ntotdeauna smbta. Nu vor s mearg cu noi acolo. Cine lucreaz n a doua camer acum? Fiul nostru vine acas de obicei la ora cinci dupa-amiaza, dar azi vine la dou. Ea nu vrea s mearg la scoal. Acest ceas este de obicei n camera mea, dar azi este n dormitorul lui.

- Now I know he is going to Bucharest tomorrow. - This week I see her on Tuesday. - Our father is not working in the garden now. - Where are his sisters flying tomorrow? - These people always work on Saturdays. - They dont want to go there with us. - Who is working in the second room now? - Our son usually comes home at five in the afternoon, but today he is coming at two. - She doesnt want to go to school. - This clock is usually in my room, but today it is in his bedroom.

Substantivele care la singular au terminatia s, -sh, -ch, -x, la plural primesc es, care se pronunt [iz]: bus - buses church - churches Dac substantivul se termin n e, la plural primeste doar s si se pronunta la fel [iz]: house - houses office - offices Aceeasi regul este valabil si pentru verbe: to teach - a nvata (pe altii), a preda he teaches Terminatia es se foloseste la persoana a treia si n cazul n care verbul la infinitiv se termin n o. to go - a merge she goes La Bucuresti autobuzele sunt rosii. Casele de pe strada Grii sunt frumoase. Mama mea pred engleza ntr-o scoal. Sora mea vrea s viziteze acele biserici. Petre merge acolo n fiecare marti. to keep - a tine to hear - a auzi - In Bucharest buses are red. - Houses in Station Street are nice. - My mother is teaches English in a school. - My sister wants to visit those churches. - Peter goes there every Tuesday. to pay - a plti to try - a ncerca, a proba

Acum ei ncearc s scrie o scrisoare lung mamei lor - They are trying to write a long letter to their mother Ai animele acas? - Do you keep animals at home? Mine pltim aceste case. - Tomorrow we are paying for these houses. Tatl lui are birouri n aceast cldire. - His father has offices in this building. Cine ncearc s ias din grdin? - Who is trying to go aut of the garden? Sunt cteva biserici frumoase n Bucuresti? - There are some nice churches in Bucharest. Cine plteste crtile? - Who pays for the books? l auzi pe tatl meu n grdin? - Do you hear my father in the garden? Urmtoarea regul se refer la pluralul substantivelor care se termin n y. Dac naintea sunetului y se afl (la singular) o consoan, atunci la plural terminatia y se schimb n i si va fi urmat de terminatia es. baby - babies country - countries factory - factories Daca terminatia y a unui substantiv la singular este precedat de o vocal atunci cuvntul primeste la plural doar terminatia -s. boy - boys way - ways Aceeasi regul este valabil si pentru verbele cu terminatia y. to try - he tries, to pay she pays Acesti bieti nu vor s mearg acas. - This boys dont want to go home. Bebelusii lui sunt acum n grdin. - His babies are in the garden now. Ea ncearc s citeasc o carte n fiecare zi. - She tries to read one book every day. n fiecare sptmn le trimitem cinci scrisori. - Every week we send them five letters. n acele tri oamenii triesc n case mici. - In those countries people live in little houses. Nu vreau s le cer acestor bieti s scrie despre asta.- I dont want to ask these boys to write it. mi plteste lunar douzeci de dolari. - He pays me twenty dollars every month. Aceste fabrici sunt mari. - These factories are big.
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Modul imperativ: Go home ! Bring me a chair! Read this book! Think about it! Pentru persoana a doua att la plural ct si la singular folosim aceeasi expresie imperativ. Dac vrem s ordonm cuiva sau s rugm pe cineva s nu fac ceva, atunci naintea verbului se poate pune forma negativ a auxiliarului do (dont). Dont open the window! Dont go out of your room! Dont think about it, please! Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal: Vreau s trimit aceste scrisori vineri. Aceast carte este pentru tine. Cred c aceast scrisoare este lunga. Tine acest stilou si scrie-i o scrisoare. Smbt voi merge la plimbare. Mncm des n grdin. Cui i place s citeasc crti? Miercuri la nou sunt ntotdeauna acas. Tocmai iesim din cas. Acum ncearc s o citeasc? Maria nu viziteaz aceast biseric acum. Ct este ceasul acum? Stiu romneste dar nu stiu engleza. Cine vorbeste englezeste? Acesti bebelusi sunt aici. n dormitorul meu se afl un pat si un birou. Fiica lui are ochi albastri si o gur rosie. Mama mea lucreaz acum n buctrie. Luna viitoare ei zboar cu avionul n Anglia. Peste zece zile ne ducem la ei. Mine ne iei si pe noi cu tine? Da-i lui aceast bicicleta te rog! Sora lui se plimb acum n grdin. El are un costum verde. Si pestele este un animal. Vrei s m ntrebi ceva? Crezi c este o cale bun de a obtine acesti bani? De obicei lucrez luni dar azi nu lucrez. Cine mi zmbeste? Adu-mi acesti bani! Cum l cheam? Acum nu-l vad. - I want to send these letters on Friday. - This bookm is for you. - I think this letter is long. - Take this pen and write a letter to her. - On Saturday Im going for a walk. - We often eat in the garden. - Who loves to read books? - At nine on Wednesday Im always at home. - We are just going out oj the house. - Is he trying to read it now? - Mary is not visiting this church now. - What time is it now? - I know Romanian but I dont now English. - Who speaks English? - These little babies are here. - There are a bed and a desk in my bedroom. - His daughter has blue eyes and a red mouth. - My mother is working in the kitchen now. - Next month they are flying by plane to England. - We are going to them in ten days. - Are you taking us with you tomorrow? - Give him this bicycle please. - Her sister is walking in the garden now. - He has a green suit. - A fish is also an animal. - Do you want to ask me a question? - Do you think its a good way to get this money? - I usually work on Monday, but today Im not working - Who is smiling at me? - Bring me this money! - What is his name? - I dont see it now.

Lectia 7
My brother is looking at a big horse. Bring me your cigarettes! I hear a song on the radio. We are going to England by ship tomorrow. Our family is coming to me this year. I live in the fourth house in this street. Look at his right foot! Do you like music? My friend is coming to me this year. on the radio - la radio
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- Fratele meu se uit la un cal mare. - Aduceti-mi tigrile voastre! - Aud o melodie la radio. - Mine mergem cu vaporul n Anglia. - Familiei noastre i place s viziteze Londra. - Locuiesc n a patra cas de pe aceast strad. - Uit-te la piciorul lui drept! - ti place muzica? - Prietenul meu vine la mine anul acesta.

naintea subsatantivului music nu st nici un fel de articol. Este un radio n aceast fabric? Nu cunoastem aceast familie. Vd un cal pe fereastr. Cum se simte piciorul tu? La anul merg la scoal. Tigrile lor sunt pe birou. Lui i place s mearg cu trenul si cu vaporul. El este cel de-al patrulea frate al meu. Mamei mele i place muzica? Pritenul meu nu are surori. mi place mult acest cntec. - Is there a radio in this factory? - We dont know this family. - I see a horse through the window. - Is your foot all right? - Im going to school in a yaer. - Their cigarettes are on the desk. - He likes to go by train and by ship. - He is my fourth brother. - Does your mother like music? - My friend has no sisters. - I love this song. a piece of paper some of my friends some of - o bucat de hrtie - ctiva prieteni de-ai mei - ctva, ctiva, niste, ceva

a cup of coffee - o ceasc de cafea a lot of cars - o multime de masini a lot of - o multime de, foarte mult, foarte multi

Cuvntul of este folosit la formarea structurii posesive. Putem exprima cantitatea cu aceast structur. tea water beer - ceai - ap - bere sugar - zahar jam - gem, dulceat honey - miere (de albine) cheese - cascaval, brnz bread - pine butter - unt

Cuvintele de mai sus sunt substantive care nu au plural. Aceast categorie cuprinde substantive care denumesc materia: 1. lichide : coffee, tea, water, beer, milk 2. substante solide : sugar, coffee 3. gaze : air (aer) 4. combinatiile materialelor de mai sus : bread (fain+ap), cheese (din lapte) etc. naintea acestor substantive nu folosim articolul nehotart a/an. Substantivul money face parte tot din aceast grup. Denumirea monedei ( dolar, leu) are plural. Vreau s am o multime de bani. Vrei cafea? Ai pine cu dulceat? Biatul acela mnnca pine cu miere. Banii mei sunt pe mas. - I want to have a lot of money. - Do you want coffee? - Have you bread with jam? - That boy is eating bread with honey. - My money is on the table. She has many cars. I havent much money.

Pentru exprimarea cantittii folosim urmtoarele dou cuvinte: many - multi, multe, numerosi, numeroase (doar cu substantive care au plural) much - mult, mult (cu substantive care nu au plural) ntrebrile referitoare la cantitate n limba englez sunt: How many? - cti?, cte? (substantive care au plural) How much? - cti?, cte? (substantive care nu au plural) Ea are multe crti englezesti. Nu am mult ceai. Ct pine vreti s mncati? Ct bere vreti s aduc? Avem multi prieteni. Ct ceai vrei? Cte cesti de ceai vrea sora dumneavoastr? Cte bucti de cascaval ai pe mas?

How many people do you know? How much sugar do you want?

- She has many English books. - I havent much tea.. - How much bread do you want to eat? - How much beer do they want to bring? - We have many friends. - How much tea do you want? - How many cups of tea does your sister want? - How many pieces of cheese have you on the table?
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Expresia a lot of poate fi folosit att cu substantivele care au plural ct si cu cele care nu au plural. a little more than less than because what about? putin, ctva, ceva ( cu substantive care nu au plural) - mai mult/mai mult dect, mai multi/mai multe dect - mai putin dect, mai putin de - pentru c, fiindc, deoarece - ce ar fi s? cum stm cu? ce mai e cu? - Scaunele sunt n jurul mesei. - Aceste vapoare sunt rapide. - Engleza este usoar. - Am mai multe masini dect itne. - Cumpr-mi aceast biciclet! - Este ieftin. - Nu cumpr aceast casa, deoarece este scump. - El are mai putini bani dect fratele su. - V rog, dati-mi putin bere. - Ce mai face Maria? - V iubiti cinele? - Mergem mpreun acolo?

The chairs are around the table. These ships are fast. English is easy. I have more cars than you. Buy me this bicycle! Its cheap. Im not buying this house, because its expensive. He has less money than his brother. Give me a little beer, please. What about Mary? Do you love your dog? Are we going there together?

Retineti deosebirile dintre expresiile de mai jos. Ambele sunt folosite cu substantive care nu au plural. a little - putin, ctva, ceva I have a little money. - Am ceva bani. little - mic, putin I have little money. - Am putini bani. Cuvntul little poate fi folosit si ca adjectiv, si atunci se traduce prin mic, infim. n acest caz, naintea lui poate sta si un articol: She has a little dog. - Ea are un cine mic. Am doi cini si i iubesc. Prima masin este ieftin, a doua este scump. Peste o sptmn mergem mpreun n Anglia. Am mai putin bere dect Peter. Este usor sa scrii? Vreau s mnnc putin pine. Vreti mai multi bani? El se plimb n jurul acestei cldiri. Merge ntotdeauna repede? Cu mine cum rmne? to sit to smoke - a se aseza, a sedea - a fuma - I have two dogs and I love them. - The first car is cheap and the second is expensiv. - In a week we are going to England together. - I have less beer than Peter. - Is it easy to write? - I want to eat a little bread. - Do you want more money? - He is walking around this building. - Does he always walk fast? - What about me? - a se nelinisti, a se ngrijora, a-si face griji - a cnta

to worry to sing

Ea fumeaz mai mult dect tatl ei. Nu-ti face griji!/Nu v faceti griji! El vrea s cnte o melodie usoar. Vrem s ne asezm aici.

- She smokes more than her father. - Dont worry! - He wants to sing an easy song. - We want to sit here.

Folosirea genitivului cu apostrof s (the Saxon Genitive) se face de obicei pentru numele de fiinte. 1. La singular genitivul se formeaz punnd n fata posesorul urmat de un apostrof si litera -s. Apoi urmeaz obiectul posedat, sau substantivul comun ce defineste persoana asociat ntr-un fel cu prima: Masina Mariei - Marys car. Tatl Mariei. Marys father 2. La plural : Dac substantivul este la plural si se termin cu litera s atunci se adaug doar un apostrof Masina fratilor mei - my brothers car
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Dac substantivul aflat la plural nu se termin cu litera s atunci se adaug att apostroful ct si litera -s casa acestor oameni - these peoples house My mothers brother has a nice car. Where is your fathers office? This is my friends house. Do you like Marys dog? Do you know our drivers sister? - Fratele mamei mele are o masin frumoas. - Unde este biroul tatlui tu? - Aceasta este casa prietenilor mei. - ti place cinele Mariei? - O cunosti pe sora soferului nostru?

Transformati genitivul cu apostrof in genitivul format cu prepozitia of. Dac transformarea nu este posibil, repetati propozitia original: my brothers daughter - the daughter of my brother a cup of coffe - a cup of coffe my fathers book - the book of my father the house of Mary - Marys house the bicycle of my brother - my brothers bicycle my sons room - the room of my son the mouth of the horse - the horses mouth Verbul CAN=a putea, a fi capabil, a stii, face parte din grupa verbelor auxiliare modale, ceea ce nseamn c forma lui este identic la toate pesoanele, iar verbul care-l urmeaz nu are particula to. Pot s mnnc zece mere. Sora mamei mele stie s vorbeasc englezeste. Ei pot s plteasc biletele noastre. Putem s fumm n aceast camer. Poti s vorbesti cu noi despre asta. - I can eat ten apples. - My mothers sister can speak English. - They can pay for our tickets. - We can smoke in this room. - You can talk with us about it.

Interogativul se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii verbului auxiliar can si a subiectului: I can sing. Can I sing? - Pot s cnt? Her sister can drive. Can her sister drive? - Sora ei stie s conduc? We can take the car. Can we take the car? - Putem s lum masina? Pot s vin ei aici dup-amiaz? Pot s iau aceast carte? Fiul lui stie s cnte? - Can they come here in the afternoon? - Can I take this book? - Can his son sing?

Rspusurile scurte se formeaz cu pronumele personal si verbul can. n rspunsurile negative verbul can este urmat de cuvntul not, iar forma prescurtat este cant, dar se pot scrie si mpreun: cannot. Can your daughter sing? Yes, she can. No, she cant. Can you drive? Yes, I can. No, I cant. Pot s te vizitez mine. Ea nu poate mnca aceast brnz. Pot s fumez n aceast camer? Poti s-l astepti. Pot sa-mi arate casa lor? Tatl lui nu poate vorbi acum cu dumneavoastr. Putem s scriem aceast carte pentru tine. La ce or poate s vin? Cnd pot s iau aceste scrisori? Unde putem s v asteptm? Cine stie s cnte? Cine nu stie romneste? - I can visit you tomorrow. - She cant eat this cheese. - Can I smoke in this room? - You can wait for him. - Can they show me their house? - His father cant talk with you now. - We can write it for you. - What time can he come? - When can I take this latters? - Where can we wait for you? - Who can sing? - Who cant speak Romanian?
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better - mai bun,mai bine which - care,pe care,ce how - cum?,n ce fel? Ale cui cntece le cnt ei acum? De ce nu poti merge acolo cu vaporul? Peste trei ani voi cumpra o masin. Ct pine cu unt poti mnca? Care carte pot s o iau? Cti cini are sora prietenului tu? Ct zahr doriti? Dati-mi dou cesti de cafea. Am ceva bani. Avem putin brnz. Putem merge acolo mpreun? Ferestrele acestei camere sunt mari. Her mothers brother is a poor man. That rich woman has three houses. Can we go to the park? I want to have many trees in my garden. I cant drink beer tonight. I like to eat apples in summer. What do cats like to drink? Retineti expresia: in summer - vara

why - de ce?,pentru ce?,din ce cauz? whose - al,a,ai,ale cui crui/crei/cror - Whose songs are they singing now? - Why cant you go there by ship? - In three years Im buying a car. - How much bread and butter can you eat? - Which book can I take? - How many dogs has your friends sister? - How much sugar do you want? - Give me two cups of coffe. - I have a little money. - We have little cheese. - Can we go there together? - The windows of this room are big. - Fratele mamei ei este un om srac. - Femeia aceea bogat are trei case. - Putem merge n parc? - Vreau s am multi copaci n grdin. - Nu pot s beau bere disear. - mi place s mannc mere vara. - Ce le place pisicilor s bea?

Complementul de timp never nseamna niciodat, nicicnd. n limba englez acesta este un adverb de negatie, de aceea alturi de el nu poate fi folosit nici o alt negatie n propozitie. I never drink beer. - Eu nu beau niciodat bere. She never goes to work in the morning. - Ea nu merge niciodat la lucru dimineata. Ei nu pot niciodat s conduc o masin. Eu nu m plimb niciodat n parcul acela. Eu nu cnt niciodat cntece. Ei nu cumpr niciodat brnz. El de ce nu vrea niciodat s-mi vorbeasc? tall - nalt, mare short - scund, scurt large big - They can never drive a car. - I never go for a walk to that park. - I never sing songs. - They never buy cheese. - Why does he never want to talk to me? great - mare, mret, remarcabil

- mare, spatios, larg - mare, voluminos

Nu intru niciodata n cldirile nalte. Ei caut o cas spatioas. Tu esti un prieten remarcabil. Priveste aceast cldire mare! Scrisoarea ei este scurt. to forget - a uita, a nu-si aminti

- I never enter tall buildings. - They are looking for a large house. - You are a great friend. - Look at this big building! - Her letter is short. to listen (to)- a asculta, a fi atent (la)

to stop- a opri, a nceta, a ntrerupe

I always forget to write a letter to her. We often stop near this shop. Listen! Pink Floyd are singing. I like to listen to the radio in the evening.

- ntotdeauna uit s-i scriu (ei) o scrisoare. - Ne oprim des lng acest magazin. - Ascult! Cnt Pink Floyd. - Seara mi place s ascult radioul.

Verbul to stop are dou ntelesuri: a se opri pentru a face ceva, sau a nceta s fac ceva.
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She wants to stop to smoke. She wants to stop smoking.

- Ea vrea s se opreasc ca s fumeze. - Ea vrea s se lase de fumat.

Atunci cnd verbul to stop nseamn a nceta, el este urmat de un verb cu terminatia -ing fr particula to. Dac to stop nseamn a se opri, atunci verbul care-l urmeaz este nsotit de particula to si nu are terminatia -ing. Vreau s ascult melodiile acestea acum. - I want to listen to these songs now. Nu uitati c pot s-o scriu pentru dumneavoastr. - Dont forget I can write it for you. M opresc ntotdeauna ca s privesc aceast cldire. - I always stop here to look at this building. Nu mai vreau s merg cu autobuzul, - I want to stop going by bus ci vreau s cumpr o masin. and buy a car. without something too - fr, lipsit de - ceva - prea, foarte ever forever beetwen - vreodat, cndva - pentru totdeauna, mereu, vesnic - ntre (dou obiecte), dintre - He is too poor to fly by plane. - My brother is sitting between these two girls. - They have something to show you. - A garden without trees isnt nice. - I want to buy this or that book. - Does he ever work at home? - I cant look for it forever.

El este prea srac ca s zboare. Fratele meu st ntre aceste dou fete. Au s-ti arate ceva. O grdin fr copaci nu este frumoas. Vreau s cumpr cartea aceasta sau aceea. El lucreaz vreodat acas? Nu pot s-l caut mereu.

Fratele prietenului meu poate s cnte aceste cntece- My friends brother can sing these songs. Ea vrea s-mi arate calul ei. - She wants to show me her house. D-mi dou cesti de cafea si ceva pine. - Give me two cups of coffee and a little bread. Aceasta este muzica cea mai bun. - This is the best music. Pot ei s scrie scrisori lungi? - Can they write long letters? De ce nu poti veni disear? - Why cant you come tonight? Cti bani poti s-mi dai? - How much money can you give me? Dati-mi cinci felii de pine. - Give me five pieces of bread. Ea are multe masini dar prea putini bani. - She has many cars but too little money. El st ntotdeauna pe scaunul acela. - He always sits on that chair. Vreau s m las de fumat. - I want to stop smoking. Sunt ngrijorat pentru fiul surorii mele. - Im worrying about my sisters son. Acestea sunt casele prietenilor lui? - Are they his friends houses? Camerele acestei case sunt mici. - The rooms of this house are little. Nu pot s scriu asta, dar pot s ncerc. - I cant write it but I can try. Cred c acest parc este mai bun. - I think this park is better. Un om bogat poate ntelege un om srac? - Can a rich man understand a poor man? Disear mergem la John. - Tonight we are going to John. Poti veni la noi vara? - Can you come to us in summer? Dimineata nu mnnc niciodat miere. - I never eat honey in the morning. Ea o viziteaz vreodat pe mama sa? - Does she ever visit her mother? Nu poti s uiti asta. - You cant forget about it. Aceast camer mare este alb. - This large room is white. Cnd lucrez mi place s ascult muzic. - I like to listen to music when I work. Vreau s caut ceva. - I want to look for something.

Lectia 8
It usually snows in winter. I cant buy these expensive shoes. - Iarna de obicei ninge. - Nu pot cumpra acesti pantofi scumpi.
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She has long legs. He is going from the west to the east. Is the weather always nice in summer? Do you know what date it is today? Can you see the sun? My hair is short. Im looking for my green shoes. Its raining so we cant go to the park. He is a barber.

- Ea are picioare lungi. - El merge de la vest la est. - Vara vremea este ntotdeauna frumoas? - Stii ce dat este azi? - Poti s vezi soarele? - Prul meu este scurt. - Caut pantofii mei verzi. - Plou, deci nu putem merge n parc. - El este frizer.

Retineti felul n care se formeaz constructiile cu verbele to snow, to rain si folosirea cuvntului it: It is raining. - Plou. It is snowing. - Ninge. It often rains in summer. - Vara plou des. It often snows in winter. - Iarna ninge des. January February March April - ianuarie - februarie - martie - aprilie May June July August - mai - iunie - iulie - august September October November December - septembrie - octombrie - noiembrie - decembrie

n ianuarie ninge des. Vrei s mergi la scoal n septembrie? n februarie deschidem un magazin mare pe aceast strad. Pot s gsesc de lucru n octombrie. Substantive cu plural neregulat: man - brbat woman - femeie foot - laba piciorului 30 40 50 99 36 44 - thirty - forty - fifty > ninety-nine > thirty-six > forty-four 60 70 80 71 83 65 - sixty - seventy - eighty > seventy-one > eighty-three > sixty-five men women feet

- It often snows in January. - Do you want to go to school in September? - In February we are opening a big shop in this street. - I can get work in October. - brbati - femei [uimin] - picioare (labe) 90 - ninety 100 - a hundred 172 > a hundred and seventy-two 111 > a hundred and eleven 53 > fifty-three - Has August thirty-one days? - This barber is my friends brother. - Some men like long hair. - We dont live in the west, but in the east. - Does it often snow in December? - Which women have short hair? - What date is in this letter? - The sun seldom shows in February. - Are three months ninety-three or a hundred days? - Do you read many books? - Ea are pantofi negri. - Vrei acest costum cafeniu? - Din cnd n cnd ne plimbm n parcul acela. - n curnd, ea va merge n Anglia cu avionul. - Tuturor oamenilor le plac merele. - Crezi c masinile galbene sunt frumoase?
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August are treizeci si una de zile? Acest frizer este fratele prietenului meu. Unor brbati le place prul lung. Nu locuim n vest, ci n est. Ninge des n Decembrie? Care femei au prul scurt? Ce dat este n aceast scrisoare? Soarele se arat rar n februarie. Trei luni au nouzeci si trei sau o sut de zile? Citesti multe crti? She has black shoes. Do you want this brown suit? From time to time we go for a walk to that park. Shes flying to England soon. All people like apples. Do you think yellow cars are nice?

This book is too difficult to read. Almost all woman like tall men. What else do you want? n camera mea este un birou negru. ti place s citesti crti dificile? Pisicile sunt galbene sau maro? Este aproape sear. n curnd vizitm toate aceste tri. Este dificil de nteles asta? Ce altceva mnnc cinele tu? Din cnd n cnd ascult muzic la radio. to put - a pune, a aseza, a plasa to do - a face, a se ocupa cu Nu vreau s fac asta azi. Frizerul vrea s m tund. Priviti! Strluceste soarele! Pune aceast carte pe masa mea.

- Aceast carte este prea dificil pentru a fi citit. - Aproape tuturor femeilor le plac brbatii nalti. - Mai doriti ceva? - There is a black desk in my room. - Do you like to read difficult books? - Are cats yellow or brown? - Its almost evening. - We are visiting all these countries soon. - Is it difficult to understand it? - What else does your dog eat? - From time to time I listen to music on the radio. to cut to shine - a tia, a tunde - a strluci, a lumina, a luci

- I dont want to do it today. - The barber wants to cut my hair. - Look! The sun is shining! - Put this book on my table.

S veden cteva verbe a cror consoan final se dubleaz la adugarea terminatiei ing. get - getting put - putting stop - stopping sit - sitting cut - cutting forget - forgetting Dac ultima silab a verbului este accentuat si contine o vocal scurt (scris cu o singur liter) iar verbul se termin ntr-o singur consoan atunci prin adugarea terminatiei ing aceast consoan final se dubleaz. Tatl meu se plimb acum n grdin. Ei tocmai taie copacii n parc. Prietenul meu tocmai opreste masina. Acum mi caut pantofii galbeni. Cine st pe scaunul acela? Ea trimite scrisori la oficiul postal. Ei viziteaz acum aceast biseric mare. Nu uiti ceva? - My faher is walking in the garden now. - They are just cutting the trees in the park. - My friend is just stopping the car. - Im looking for my yellow shoes now. - Who is sitting on that chair? - She is sending letters to the post-office. - They are visiting this big church now. - Arent you forgetting something?

Verbul must a trebui este un verb auxuliar modal asemntor lui can si forma lui este identic pentru toate persoanele iar verbul care l urmeaz nu are particula to. Interogativul se formeaz prin inversarea verbului must cu subiectul. n cazul ntrebrilor care cer informatii aditionale se pune la nceputul propozitiei un pronume interogativ. Mary must go to school. Must Mary go to school? - Maria trebuie s mearg la scoal? My father must by a car. Must my father by a car? - Tatl meu terbuie s cumpere o masin? She must read this book. What must she read? - Ce trebuie ea s citeasc? Mine trebuie s mergi la lucru. Cine trebuie s ti dea aceast scrisoare? Ale cui cntece trebuie s le cntm? n martie trebuie s merg n est. Este o dat n aceast scrisoare. Vara vremea este frumoas. Priveste aceste femei si acesti brbati. mi trebuie 45 de minute ca s fac asta. Acum m uit la aceast masin neagr. - You must go to work tomorrow. - Who must give you this letter? - Whose songs must we sing? - In March I must go to the east. - There is a date in this letter. - The weather is nice in summer. - Look at these women and these men. - I must have forty-five minutes to do it. - Im looking at this black car now.
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Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati acest exercitiu fr greseal: Ei ne dau ntotdeauna ceai bun. n decembrie este des zpad. El vrea s ia toate crtile. A cui este aceast cas? n curnd cumprm un birou mare. Nu uitati aceast dat! Acesti pantofi negri sunt scumpi. Ei nu ne pot auzi. Aceast sptmn este prea lung. Disear ascult radioul. Nu vreau s m tund. Iulie este cea mai bun lun? Vreau altceva. Puteti s-mi aduceti putin miere? Avem prea putini bani ca s cumprm aceast cas scump. Pisicilor nu le place apa. Acest cine maro este cel mai bun prieten al meu. Nu ti face griji n ceea ce priveste vremea. Avionul zboar spre vest. n grdina noastr este mult zpad. Ct dulceat poti mnca. Nu pune aceast scrisoare pe mas n buctrie! Tocmai l ntrebm despre fiul lui. Cine ne pred engleza? V rog nu fumati n dormitor. Nu vreau s astept la nesfrsit. Trebuie s-i duc cu masina la scoal. - They always give us good tea. - There is often snow in December. - He wants to take all the books. - Whose is this house? - Soon we are buying a big office. - Dont forget this date! - These black shoes are expensive. - They cant hereus. - This week is too long. - Tonight Im listening to the radio. - I dont want to cut my hair. - Is July the best month? - I want something else. - Can you bring me some honey? - We have too little money to buy this expensive house. - All cats dont like water. - This brown dog is my best friend. - Dont worry about the weather! - The plane is flying to the east. - There is a lot of snow in our garden. - How much jam can you eat? - Dont put this letter on the table in the kitchen. - We are just asking him about his son. - Whi teaches us English? - Please, dont smoke in the bathroom. - I dont want to wait forever. - I must take them to school by car.

Lectia 9
Cmsile acestea sunt ieftine. Trebuie s cumpr o cravat. Sunt si printii lui aici? n casa noastr sunt multe plante. Eu vreau s am aceast lamp verde. Sotul tu este fratele meu. Pune biblioteca aceasta n dormitorul nostru. Ei vin peste un sfert de or. De obicei mncm n sufragerie. Ce ti place s mnnci la micul dejun? Tatl meu trebuie s mearg la spital. - These shirts are cheap. - I must buy a tie. - Are his parents also here? - There are many plants in our house. - I want to have this green lamp. - Your husband is my brother. - Put this bookcasein our bedroom. - They are coming in a quarter of an hour. - We usually eat in the dining-room. - What do you like to eat for breakfast? - My father must go to hospital.

Retineti utilizarea cuvntului for n urmtoarel expresii: What do you like to eat for breakfast? - Ce ti place s mnnci la micul dejun? Whats for breakfast today? - Ce avem azi la micul dejun? Nu-mi place s fiu n spital. Putem s lum mpreun micul dejun? Printii mei au bani putini. Trebuie s iau si o cravat? - I dont like to be in hospital. - Can we eat breakfast together? - My parents have little money. - Must I also take a tie?

Articolul hotrt the se poate omite n cazul unor cuvinte ca: mother, father, town, church, music sau
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naintea denumirii meselor principale, folosite la modul general: She always eats breakfast at seven. naintea denumirii anotimpurilor, folosite la modul general: Do you like summer? Dac vrem s ne referim la o mas, sau la un anotimp anume, atunci trebuie s folosim articolul the. The dinner which I am eating now is good. - Cina pe care o mnnc acum este bun.
-

naintea cuvntului hospital nu folosim articolul hotrt, dac participm la activitate n calitate de bolnav: I must go to hospital - Trebuie s merg la spital. Dac mergem la spital n calitate de vizitator sau ca membru al personalului, atunci spunem: I go to the hospital every day. - Merg la spital n fiecare zi. to park - a parca, a stationa to put on - a se mbrca, a aseza to get up - a se ridica n picioare, a se scula din pat mbrcati o cmas alb. Trebuie s stau zece zile n spital. Nu putem parca pe aceast strad. Nu-mi place s m scol dimineata. Dvs luati ntotdeauna micul dejun la ora 8? Tatl meu confectioneaz acum o bibliotec. to stay - a rmne to have breakfast - a lua micul dejun to make - a face, a confectiona - Put on a white shirt. - I must stay in hospital for ten days. - We cant park in this street. - I dont like to get up in the morning. - Do you always heve breakfast at eight? - My father is making a bookcase now.

Verbul to have cu sensul: a avea, a poseda nu se foloseste la prezentul continuu. n unele situatii ns, cu ajutorul lui nlocuim alte verbe. n aceste cazuri putem folosi verbul to have si la timpul prezent continuu. to eat breakfast = to have breakfast; to drink tea = to have tea; to smoke a cigarette = to have a cigarette Peter si Maria beau o cafea acum. - Peter and Mary are having coffee now. Acum am doi cini si o pisic. - Now I have two dogs and one cat. Ei iau micul dejun acum? - Are they having breakfast now? Ce tigar fumezi acum? - Which cigarette are you having now? Momentan nu am bani. - I have no money at the moment. Timpul trecut simplu (the Simple Past Tense) se foloseste pentru exprimarea unei actiuni care s-a petrecut n trecut, la un moment determinat si nu are legtur cu prezentul. De obicei folosim alturi de el urmtoarele complemente de timp: yesterday ieri ago n urm (cu), acum (-) last ultim, (cel) din urm, trecut Formele verbului to be la trecut simplu: I was - eu am fost, eu eram you were - tu ai fost, tu erai, dvs ati fost, dvs erati it was - acesta a fost/asta a fost, era (genul neutru) you were - voi ati fost, voi erati he was - el a fost, el era she was - ea a fost, ea era we were - noi am fost, noi eram they were - ei au fost, ei erau

Mama mea a fost n Anglia n urm cu o sptmn.- My mother was in England a week ago. Acesti oameni au fost n Romnia anul trecut. - These people were in Romania last year. Anul trecut am fost mpreun. - Last year we were toghether. Ieri am fost n grdina lui. - Yesterday I was in his garden. n urm cu doi ani am fost n Anglia. - Two years ago you were in England. Stiu c el a fost la tine acas ieri. - I know he was at your house yesterday. A fost anul trecut. - It was last year. Luna trecut ati fost la scoala fiicei dvs. - You were at your daughters school yesterday. Forma de interogativ a verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu se formeaz prin inversare. Rspunsului afirmativ: yes, urmat de pronumele personal si de forma corespunztoare a verbului to be. Negatia: no, urmat de pronumele personal, de forma corespunztoare a verbului to be si cuvntul not. Yesterday she was at work. Was she at work yesterday?
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Yes, she was. No, she wasnt.

They were in his office yesterday?

Were they in his office yesterday? Yes, they were. No, they werent. - Cnd ai fost n Anglia? - De ce nu a fost ea la serviciu ieri? - Ea nu a fost n Anglia n urm cu trei ani. - Printii mei nu au fost ieri aici.

When were you in England? Why wasnt she at work yesterday? She wasnt in England three years ago. My parents werent here yesterday.

Formarea pluralului neregulat: 1. Substantive care la formarea pluralului si schimb rdcina si pronuntia: foot - feet (picioare) goose - geese (gste) child - children (copii) tooth - teeth (dinti) mouse mice (soareci) 2. Substantive care se termin n f, iar la plural acesta se schimb n v. Dac f-ul e urmat de e, atunci i adugm doar un s, n celelalte cazuri primind terminatia es: loaf - loaves (franzele) life - lives (vieti) knife - knives (cutite) wife - wives (sotii) half - halves (jumtti) shelf - shelves (rafturi) leaf - leaves (frunze) downstairs - la parter, jos in front of - n fata, dinaintea Pot parca acolo dup opt. Ea tocmai se duce la parter. Acest om este n fata casei noastre. El te viziteaz nc? Biroul lui este vizavi de statia de autobuz. opposite - vizavi de, n partea cealalt after - dup, dup aceea still - nc, mai - I can perk there after eight. - She is just going downstairs. - This man is in front of our house. - Does he still visit you? - His office is opposite the bus station.

Structura there is/there are este la timpul prezent. Forma acestei structuri la trecutul simplu este there was/ there were. Acelea sunt cutitele tale? - Are those your knives? l vd ntotdeauna dup micul dejun. - I aleays see him after brekfast. Pune lampa pe bibliotec. - Put the lamp on the bookcase. Vreau s cumpr trei franzele. - I want to buy three loaves of bread. Vara nu mergem cu masina. - In summer we dont go by car. La ce or se scoal el de obicei? - What time does he usually get up? Te rog, rmi dup cin. - Please, stay after dinner. Sunt soareci n aceast cldire. - There are mice in this building. Sotului meu i place aceast cravat. - My husband likes this tie. Vrei s mbraci cmasa asta rosie? - Do you want to put on this red shirt? Aceste plante au fost n grdina noastr n urm cu un an.-These plants were in our garden a year ago. Ei au servit micul dejun n sufragerie ieri. - They had breakfast in the dining-room yesterday. Ea are gste n grdin. - She has geese in the garden. Printii ti erau nalti? - Were your parents tall? Este aproape cinci si un sfert. - Its almost a quarter past five. Vezi frunze n acest copac? - Do you see leaves in this tree? Locuim vizavi de o biseric. - We live opposite a church. Mine trebuie s m scol dup patru. - I must get up after four tomorrow. De obicei iau micul dejun la nou. - I usually have breakfast at nine. Te vd des n fata acestei fabrici. - I often see you in front of this factory. Dintii lui nu sunt albi. - His teeth arent white. n urm cu o or erau multi copii n parc. - An hour ago there were many children in the park. on the bus - n autobuz in the corner - pe colt, n colt - Your bicycle is in the shed. - Does the moon shine every night?
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Bicicleta ta este n sopron. Luna strluceste n fiecare noapte?

Este televizor n camera de zi? Vrei un loc? Nu-mi plac sosetele albe. Ei locuiesc vizavi de cinema. Am cteva scrisori de scris. Scaunul este n colt. Sunt multi soareci n colt. Este scump acest televizor? Putem s cinm mpreun?

- Is there a TV set in the living-room? - Do you want a seat? - I dont like white socks. - They live opposite the cinema. - I have some letters to write. - The chair is in the corner. - There are a lot of mice in the cellar. - Is this television set expensive? - Can we have dinner together?

Verbe la trecutul simplu: Terminatia ed se adaug verbelor care nu au terminatia e. visit visited; wait waited Dac verbul are terminatia e se adaug doar litera d. like liked; La folosirea terminatiei ed s fim atenti la urmtoarele: 1. n cazul verbelor a cror terminatie este litera y, precedat de o consoan litera y se transform n i. try - tried 2. n cazul unor verbe consoanele de la sfrsitul cuvntului se dubleaz. stop - stopped Printii mei au deschis ieri un birou. Cnd a intrat el n cas noi eram n grdin. Ea ne-a multumit ieri pentru asta. n urm cu o sptmn am vorbit cu fratele tu. Ieri am asteptat-o dou ore. Noi am lucrat n Anglia anul trecut. Soferul ne-a artat ieri masina sa. Stmna trecut am mers pe jos la scoal. mi plcea acest oras cnd eram copil. Prietenul ei i-a cerut o carte. Ei au vrut s mearg acolo acum un an. Noi am cutat ieri cravatele lui. - My parents opened an office yesterday. - When he entered the house we were in the garden. - She thanked us for it yesterday. - A week ago I talked with your brother. - Yesterday I waited for her for two hours. - Last year we worked in England. - The driver shoved us his car yesterday. - Last week we walked to school. - I loved this town whem I was a boy. - Her friend asked her for a book. - They wanted to go there a year ago. - He looked for his ties yesterday.

Substantive a cror plural se formeaz prin adugarea sufixului es:potato potatoes tomato tomatoes Substantive care primesc sufixul en la plural: ox oxen (bou) Substantive care au aceeasi form si la plural si la singular deer (cprioar); sheep (oaie, oi) El a vrut s fac ieri o bibliotec dar nu a avut timp. De obicei iau micul dejun acas si cina la un restaurant. Acele cravate nu erau frumoase. Ea a fost atunci n spital? Ai plante n sufragerie? Sotiilor le place s mearg la plimbare cu sotii lor. Vara uneori plou iar iarna ninge. Poti s te scoli? Trebuie s m mbrac cu cel mai bun costum. Pisicilor le plac soarecii? Ai dinti frumosi. Pune aceste crti pe aceste rafturi! Cnd a cobort el a vzut doi copii n fata lui. Acest cinema este vizavi de scoala noastr. Mergi n pivnit si adu scaunele verzi! Am vrut s cumpr un televizor bun dar era prea scump. - He wanted to make a bookcase yesterday, but he had no time. - I usually have breakfast at home and dinner at a restaurant. - Those ties werent nice. - Was she in hospital then? - Have you plants in the dinning room? - Wives like to go for a walk with their husbands. - It sometimes rains in summer and in winter it snows - Can you get up? - I must put on my best suit. - Do cats like mice? - You have nice teeth. - Put these books on these shelves1 - When he went downstairs he saw two children in front of him. - This cinema is opposite our school. - Go to the cellar and bring the green chairs! - I wanted to buy a good TV set, but it was too expensive.
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Ieri mi-am fcut griji pentru tine. Mai mult de o sut de psri stau acum n copacul acela. Trebuie s am ntotdeauna loc n autobuz. Ieri noi am mncat prea mult. Multe femei politist lucreaz n orasul nostru. Ieri ti-am vzut bicicleta n sura aceea din coltul grdinii. Ieri te-a asteptat un postas n fata casei. Atunci aveam mai muti bani.

- Yesterday I worried about you. - More than a hundred birds are setting on that tree at the moment. - I must always have a seat in a bus. - We ate two much yesterday. - Many policewomen work in our town. - Yesterday I saw your bicycle in that shed in the corner of garden. - A postman waited for you in front of the house yesterday - We had more money then.

Lectia 10
Aceste unelte sunt foarte scumpe. Primvara copacii sunt verzi. Dou dactilografe lucreaz n biroul nostru. Mergeti des la meciuri de fotbal? Magazinul acestui brutar este pe colt. Mama mea este infirmier. Toamna frunzele sunt galbene. Citeste aceast revist! Adu-mi ziarul meu! - These tools are very expensive. - In spring the trees are green. - Two typists work in our office. - Do you often go to the football matches? - This bakers shop is in the corner. - My mother is a nurse. - In automn the leaves are yellow. - Read this magazine! - Bring me my newspaper!

Formarea interogativului verbelor la Simple Past. Asemntor timpului Simple Present si la timpul trecut folosim un verb auxiliar did. n propozitiile n care folosim verbul auxiliar did verbul de conjugat rmne la prezent fr particula to. Mary saw John yesterday. They smoked many cigarettes last year. Did Mary see John yesterday? Did they smoke many cigarettes last year?

Rspunsurile afirmative le formulm folosind cuvntul yes, urmat de forma corespunztoare a pronumelui personal si de verbul auxiliar. Propozitiile negative cuprind cuvntul no, pronumele personal, forma corespunztoare a verbului auxiliar si cuvntul not (did not didnt). You took the noney. Did you take the money. Yes, I did. No, I didnt. John went home yesterday. She wanted these books. They listened to music last night. Where did John go yesterday? What did she want? When did they listen to music?

Structura acelor ntrebri n care figureaz pronumele interogativ who este cea a unei propozitii afirmative de aceea verbul se afl la forma a II-a Simple Past, forma de afirmativ. Peter spoke to me last Sunday? Who spoke to me last Sunday? We opened the shop last week. Who opened the shop last week. Unde a lucrat aceast infirmier anul trecut? Aceste dactilografe si iubeau munca? Cine s-a dus n Anglia primvara trecut? Aceste ziare si reviste erau pe mas n buctrie? Ieri ai dus uneltele n magazie? Ai vzut sufrageria lor? Unde s-au dus ieri printii Mariei? Ai luat ieri micul dejun? Cine a oprit circulatia? El a fost aici nainte de luni. - Where did this nurse work last year? - Did these typists like their work? - Who went to England last spring? - Were these newspapers and magazines on the table in the kitchen? - Did you take the tools to the shed yesterday? - Did you see their dining-room. - Where did Marys parents go yesterday? - Did you have breakfast yesterday? - Who stopped the traffic? - He was here before Monday.
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Ea l-a vzut si pe el. Esti gata? Trebuie s mergem! Aceste dou masini sunt frumoase dar cealalt este mai bun. Autobuzul era plin cu oameni. Sunt prea ocupat ca s merg cu tine la cinema. Trebuia s lucrati pn la ora cinci. Te-ai uitat ieri la meci? Here you are. all sorts of Poftiti! Poftim! Este aici! - de toate felurile

- She saw him too. - Are you ready? We must go. - These two cars are nice but the other is better. - The bus was full of people. - Im too busy to go with you to the cinema. - You must work till five oclock. - Did you watch the match yesterday? all kinds of de toate tipurile

n propozitiile negative se foloseste forma prescurtat negativ didnt sau did not. ntotdeauna n cazul n care cuvntul did este prezent n propozitie atunci verbul principal se foloseste fr particul to. He didnt see his children yesterday. - El nu si-a vzut ieri copiii. My mothers friend didnt come to us last week. - Prietena mamei mele nu a venit la noi sptmna trecut Atunci nu l-am nteles. Nu am vrut s caut asta ieri. Printii mei nu au uitat s m vizitaze ieri. Cnd ai vzut acest meci? El avea tot felul de unelte. Acest om a fost brutar? De ce ai condus ieri masina? Cine a scris scrsoarea aceasta? Cum au fcut asta? Ieri nu am but bere. Ai citi despre asta ieri n ziar? Ieri am fost prea ocupat s vorbesc cu tine. La ce or l-ati vzut dvs pe cellalt om? I-ai multumit ieri surorii tale pentru cartea aceasta? - I didnt understand him then. - They didnt want to look for it yesterday. - My parents didnt forget to visit me yesterday. - When did you see this match? - He had all kinds of tools. - Was this man a baker? - Why did you drive the car yesterday? - Who wrote this letter? - How did they do it? - We didnt drink beer yesterday. - Did you read about it in the newspaper yesterday? - Yesterday I was too busy to talk with you. - What time did you see the other man? - Did you thank your sister for this book yesterday?

Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal: Sotul meu a cinat ieri n camera de zi. - My husband ate dinner in the living room yesterday Ai vzut aceste plante n grdin? - Did you see these plants in the garden? Nu ei au fcut aceast bibliotec. - They didnt make this bookcase. Trebuie s vorbesti cu sora lui John. - You must talk to Johns sister. Ct ai stat acolo atunci? - How long did you stay there then? Ieri nu au fost la lucru. - They werent at work yesterday. Cine a avut patru neveste? - Who had four wives? Dup cin mergem la cinema. - After dinner we are going to the cinema. El nu s-a trezit nainte de micul dejun. - He didnt get up before breakfast. Biblioteca noastr are 12 dulapuri. - Our bookcase has twelve shelves. I-am ntrebat pe politisti despre strada aceasta. - I asked the policemen about this street. De unde ai cumprat acest televizor? - Where did you buy this television set? Atunci aveam multe psri n grdin. - We had many birds in the garden then. Luna a strlucit ieri? - Did the moon shine yesterday? Am ncercat s fac asta anul trecut. - I tried to do this last year. Acest ziar este foarte bun. - This newspaper is very good. Cine mi-a but ceaiul? - Who drank my tea? Cnd au venit ei? - When did they come?

Lectia 11
Its very cold today. - Azi este foarte rece.
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Put on your coat. The wind was strong yesterday. She doesnt like heat. We want to listen to the weather-forecast. There are many clouds in the sky. This is my best shawl. Do you like high temperatures? There is usually fog in winter. Where are my boots? Tata mi-a cumprat ieri o esarf foarte frumoas. Soarele este sus pe cer? Luna trecut a fost canicul. Copiii nostri au febr mare. Trebuie s cumpr cizme. Ieri a fost rece? La ce or este buletinul meteorologic la radio? Vntul este prea puternic azi. Pot s mbrac aceast hain? Nu pot vedea soarele printre nori. Azi este ceat la Londra. Retineti expresia: in the sky - pe cer.

- Pune-ti haina. - Ieri vntul a fost puternic. - Ei nu-i place cldura. - Vrem s ascultm buletinul meteorologic. - Sunt multi nori pe cer. - Aceasta este esarfa mea cea mai bun. - ti plac temperaturile ridicate? - De obicei iarna este ceat. - Unde mi sunt cizmele? - My father bought me a very nice shawl yesterday. - Is the sun high in the sky? - Last month we had heat. - Our children have a high temperature. - I must buy boots. - Was it cold yesterday? - What time is the weather-forecast on the radio? - The wind is too strong today. - Can I put on this coat? - I cant see the sun through the clouds. - There is fog in London today.

Articolul nehotrt a/an este folosit ntotdeauna naintea substantivelor care denumesc ocupatii, religii sau nationalitti: She is a typist. - Ea este dactilograf. He is a baker. - El este brutar. Her husband is an Amercan. - Sotul ei este american. I am a Catholic. - Eu sunt catolic. Cnd vorbim despre o functie care poate fi ndeplinit doar de o singur persoan, atunci putem neglija folosirea articolului hotrt the. Who is president of Romania? - Cine este presedintele Romniei? Who is the president of Romania? - Cine este presedintele Romniei? Timpul Present Perfect Tense (prezentul perfect) se confund deseori cu Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu). Folosim timpul Present Perfect n cazul unor evenimente care s-au terminat chiar acum sau ceva mai devreme, sau care au nceput n trecut (last week) si se continu si n prezent (cu repercusiuni asupra prezentului). De multe ori, momentul desfsurrii actiunii nu este specificat cu exactitate. Constructia propozitiei la timpul Present Perfect este urmtoarea: Pronume personal + Verbul auxiliar + forma a III-a a + sau substantiv have/has verbului principal She I We has have have bought seen been a dog. that house. at home. - Ea si-a cumprat un cine. - Am vzut casa aceea. - Noi am fost acas.

n propozitie verbul auxiliar este reprezentat de forma corespunztoare a verbului to have, care nu poate fi tradus ad literam. n cazul unui verb regulat la fel ca n cazul timpului Simple Past, verbului se adaug sufixul d sau ed. I have a temperature. She has taught me English. My parents have smoked a lot of cigarettes. I have known about his mother. She has looked for her coat. - Am avut febr. - Ea mi-a predat engleza. - Printii mei au fumat o multime de tigri. - Stiam de mama lui. - Ea si-a cutat haina.
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They have waited for me at home. Te-am asteptat timp ndelungat. Am auzit despre asta. Ne-au dat o masin foarte frumoas. Tata mi-a scris o scrisoare. Ei mi-au cerut bani. Am vorbit cu ei. Am auzit la radio buletinul meteorologic. A fost foarte frig. M-am gndit la asta. I-am cerut (ei) esarfa mea. Noi am adus aceste ziare. Noi am lucrat cu acesti oameni. Ai but prea mult bere. Ea a venit la noi cu John. Am uitat s-ti aduc asta.

- Ei m-au asteptat acas. - I have waited for you a long time. - We have heard about you. - They have given us a very nice car. - Father has written a letter to me. - They have asked me for money. - We have talked to them. - We have heard the weather forecast on the radio. - It has been very cold. - I have thought about it. - I have asked her for my shawl. - We have brought these newspapers. - We have worked with these people. - You have drunk to much beer. - She has come to us with John. - I have forgotten to bring you this.

Alturi de complementele de timp this( week, month,), today, tonight, folosim timpul present perfect. n aceste cazuri vorbim despre evenimente care s-au petrecut n trecut, dar care au legtur cu prezentul. Aceste complemnte de timp se gsesc la nceputul sau la sfrsitul propozitiei. I have been at home today. We have been at the cinema tonight. Today I have worked in the garden. She has done her homework this week. - Azi am fost acas. - n seara aceasta (noi) am fost la cinematograf. - Azi (eu) am lucrat n grdin. - Ea si-a fcut temele sptmna aceasta.

Azi am cumprat flori. - I have bought flowers today. Sptmna asta ne-am vizitat printii. - This week we have visited our parents. Anul acesta am pltit casa. - We have paid for the house this year. Am trimis aceast scrisoare sptmna aceasta. - I have sent this letter this week. Luna aceasta am vzut cteva filme la televizor. - This month we have watched some films on TV. Azi am vorbit cu sora mea. - I have talked to my sister today. Printii nostri au plecat azi n Anglia. - Our parents have gone to England today. Sptmna aceasta am cumprat un sacou si o esarf- This week I have bought a coat and a shawl. n seara aceasta Maria a vizitat-o pe sora sotului ei. - Mary has visited her husbands sister tonight. Azi am vorbit cu tata. - We have talked to our father today. Sptmna aceasta am avut febr. - I have a temperature this week. Vara a fost foarte rcoroas n acest an. - The summer has been very cold this year. n aceast sear i-am scris o scrisoare prietenului meu- Tonight I have written a letter to my friend. Anul acesta (noi) am fost la Londra. - This year we have been in London. Sora mea a predat engleza anul acesta. - My sister has taught English this year. n aceast sptmn am lucrat dup amiaz. - This week we have worked in the afternoon. What weather was it yesterday? It was awful. We had a lot of rain. Did the sun shine? No, it didnt. The sky was very cloudy. Was the temperature low? Yes, it was very low. And it was windy. Was it foggy? Did you go outside yesterday? No, I stayed at home all day. to blow blew - Cum a fost vremea ieri? - A fost ngrozitoare. A plouat foarte mult. - Soarele a strlucit? - Nu. Cerul a fost foarte nnorat. - Temperatura a fost sczut? - Da, a fost foarte sczut. Si a fost vnt. - A fost ceat? - Ai fost ieri afar? - Nu, am stat toat ziua n cas. sunny - nsorit

blown - a bate (despre vnt)

35

Dimineata a fost vnt si nnorat, dar acum este nsorit. Nu sufl vntul. Temperatura este joas dar nu este ceat. Cred c putem s cinm afar.

- In the morning it was windy and cloudy but now it is sunny. - The wind isnt blowing. - The temperature is low, but it isnt foggy. - I think we can have dinner outside. - Acum este nsorit. - Azi vremea este frumoas.

Obeservati folosirea cuvntului it cu referire la starea vremii: It was windy yesterday. - Ieri a fost vnt. Now it is sunny. Was it foggy yesterday? - A fost ceat ieri? It is nice today. Cteva exemple n care nu se foloseste articolul hotrt the: We went by car yesterday. - Ieri am mers cu masina. We are driving east now. - Acum conducem spre est. They are still at work. - Ei lucreaz nc. We have been in town today. - Azi am fost n oras. They live in Station Street. - Ei locuiesc n strada Garii.

Urmtorul exercitiu este o comparatie ntre utilizarea timpurilor Simple Past Tense si Present Perfect. Ieri am mers pe jos la serviciu. Noi stiam despre asta n urm cu o sptmn. Maria a trimis toate scrisorile azi. Am vzut o multime de plante. Ieri i-am cumprat (lui) un sacou si o esarf. Ei au intrat n aceast cldire. Azi a fost o zi cetoas. Sptmna trecut a suflat un vnt puternic. Ei au vrut s fac asta ieri. Am cunoscut-o cu mult timp n urm. Anul trecut le-am dat crtile noastre. Soarele a strlucit azi. She has bought seven stamps. We have tickets for the bus. They didnt have a telephone last year. She is Peters secretary. We must go there by tram. The bus stop is at the corner. She gave me flowers yesterday. Where is the tram stop? There is a calendar in the kitchen. The bank is opposite Peters house. I have seen your purse on the table. He read this novel last week. - Yesterday I walked to work. - We knew about it a week ago. - Mary has sent all the letters today. - We have seen a lot of plants. - Yesterday I bought him a coat and a shawl. - They have entered this building. - Today it has been a foggy day. - Last week a strong wind blew. - They wanted to do it yesterday. - I knew her a long time ago. - Last year we gave them our books. - The sun has shone today. - Ea a cumprat sapte timbre. - Avem bilete de autobuz. - Anul trecut ei nu aveau telefon. - Ea este secretara lui Peter. - Trebuie s mergem acolo cu tramvaiul. - Statia de autobuz este pe colt. - Ea mi-a dat flori ieri. - Unde este statia de tramvai? - n buctrie este un calendar. - Banca este vizavi de casa lui Petre. - Am vzut portofelul tu pe mas. - El a citit acest roman sptmna trecut.

Timpul Present Perfect Tense se foloseste pentru descrierea evenimentelor petrecute n trecut si care include mai mult sau mai putin momentul actual, alturi de always, ever, never si just, precum si alturi de urmtoarele complemente de timp: recently - recent, de curnd already - deja lately - recent, de curnd, n ultima vreme yet - nc, deja so far - pn acum, deocamdat

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Complementul de timp yet se afl ntotdeauna la sfrsitul propozitiei, so far la nceputul sau la sfrsitul propozitiei, iar celelalte complemente de timp se gsesc naintea formei a III-a verbului sau la sfrsitul propozitiei. I have never seen that girl. They have always liked this house. We have just had dinner. I have heard about him lately. They have already made ten bookcases. We have worked a lot recently. Noi am avut deja doi cini. Ei tocmai au adus aceste scaune. Pn acum am lucrat dimineata. Seara ei s-au plimbat ntotdeauna prin parc. n ultima vreme am vzut cteva orase frumoase. Noi am vrut ntotdeauna s mergem n Anglia. Ea nu si-a iubit niciodat sotul. Mama lui John a vorbit recent cu sotia lui. Am scris deja cinci scrisori. Ea tocmai s-a dus la plimbare. Pn acum m-am dus la serviciu cu masina. Maria si sotul ei au deschis de curnd un magazin. next to to get on - aproape de, lng - a (se) urca - Niciodat nu am vzut-o pe fata aceea. - Le-a plcut ntotdeauna aceast cas. - Noi tocmai am cinat. - Am auzit despre el n ultima vreme. - Ei au confectionat deja zece biblioteci. - n ultimul timp, noi am muncit foarte mult. - We have already had two dogs. - They have just brought these chairs. - So far we have worked in the morning. - They have always walked in the park in the evening. - We have seen some nice towns lately. - We have always wanted to go to England. - She has never loved her husband. - Johns mother has recently spoken to his wife. - I have already written five letters. - She has just gone for a walk. - So far I have gone to work by car. - Mary and her husband have opened a shop lately. - a spune - a cobor said

to say to get off

Formele verbelor to get on si to get off sunt identice cu cele ale verbului to get. Verbul to say face parte din grupa verbelor neregulate. say said Trebuie s cobor la a patra statie. Eu m scol ntotdeauna devreme. Poti s te asezi lng mine? Ea a venit la noi dup-amiaz trziu. Urc! Pot s te duc pn la banc. Ea spune c aceast cas este prea scump. - I must get off at the fourth stop. - I always get up early. - Can you sit next to me? - She came to us late in the afternoon. - Get on! I can take you to the bank. - She says this house is too expensive.

Complementul circumstantial (ex. early) urmeaz de obicei dup verb: I always get up early. Complementul de timp late poate avea mai multe ntelesuri. It was too late to go there. - A fost prea trziu, ca s mergem acolo. The bus was late yesterday. - Autobuzul a ntrziat ieri. He was late for breakfast in the morning. - El a ntrziat dimineat la micul dejun. La sfrsitul lectiei vom repeta ntrega materie: Azi a fost foarte frig. - It has been very cold today. El tocmai a spus c nu poate merge cu noi. - He has just said he cant go with us. Ieri ai cumprat aceast masin? - Did you buy this car yesterday? Am cutat-o pe mama mea. - I have looked for my mother. Trebuie s mi pun o hain si o esarf pentru c e frig- I must put on a coat and a shawl because it is cold. Azi copiii nostri au avut febr mare. - Our children have had a high temperature today. Ieri vntul a suflat cu putere? - Did a strong wind blow yesterday? Pn acum am citit trei romane. - I have read three novels so far. Ieri a fost o zi nsorit. - It was a sunny day yesterday.
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Nu-mi plac diminetile cetoase. Seara mergem afar. mi place s citesc romane englezesti. Pot s cumpr bilete de cinema. Poti s-mi dai dou timbre? Am cumprat un telefon rosu pentru buctrie. Dimineata am vzut-o n statia de tramvai. De ce i-ai dat flori? Azi secretara mea a uitat s-si ia portmoneul. Acesti oameni au telefon? De unde pot cumpra un calendar? El nu a mers niciodat la scoal. M-am lsat deja de fumat. Tocmai am luat micul dejun. Am fost acolo dimineata devreme. De ce ai ntrziat ieri la serviciu? Trebuie s te urci la aceast statie si s cobori lng oficiul postal. Trenul are ntrziere?

- I dont like foggy mornings. - In the evening we are going outside. - I like to read English novels. - I can buy tickets to the cinema. - Can you give me two stamps? - We have bought a red telephone for the kitchen. - I saw her at the tram stop in the morning. - Why have you given her flowers? - My secretary has forgotten to take her purse today. - Have these people a telephone? - Where can I buy a calendar? - He has never gone to school. - I have already stopped smoking. - We have just had breakfast. - I was there early in the morning. - Why were you late for work yesterday? - You must get on at this stop and get off next to the post-office. - Is the train late?

Lectia 12
This room is awful. - Camera aceasta este groaznic. I think we must put the settee next to the fireplace. - Cred c trebuie s punem canapeaua lng semineu. What about the curtains? - Si perdelele? [k:rtinz] They must be brown. - Trebuie s fie cafenii. I also want to put the armchairs next to the table. - n plus, vreau s pun fotoliile lng mas. We must also have white wall-paper. - De asemenea, trebuie s punem tapet alb. What do you think about a yellow carpet on the floor?- Ce zici de un covor galben (pe podea)? [ka:rpit] Yes, and there must be no lamp on the ceiling. - Da, si nu trebuie nici o lamp pe tavan. [si:ling] We have many sockets in the room, - Avem multe prize n camer, [sokits] so we can have floor lamps. asa c putem avea si lmpi cu picior. And what do you want to do with these pictures? - Si ce vrei s faci cu aceste tablouri? I dont want them there. - Nu le vreau aici. Retineti constructia: there must be no lamp on the ceiling Priza este n spatele acelui scaun. De unde pot cumpra un covor? Plafonul trebuie s fie alb? ntotdeauna mi-a plcut s stau n fotoliul acesta. Am pus o lamp cu picior lng fereastr. Ieri am vzut un tablou foarte frumos. Aceste perdele sunt prea scumpe. Canapeaua este n coltul camerei. Copiii stau acum pe podea. Aveai atunci un semineu? Cnd ai cumprat acest tapet? - nu trebuie s fie nici o lamp pe tavan

- The socket is behind that chair. - Where can I buy a carpet? - Must the ceiling be white? - I have always liked to sit in this armchair. - I have put a floor lamp next to the window. - I saw a very nice picture yesterday. - These curtains are too expensive. - The setee is in the corner of the room. - The children are sitting on the floor now. - Did you have a fireplace then? - When did you buy this wall-paper.

Pronumele nehotrt some poate sta naintea unui substantiv numrabil (ctva, ctiva, niste, unii) sau naintea unui substantiv care denumeste un obiect ce nu are form de plural (putin, ceva, niste). Putem folosi acest pronume ca sinonimul altor dou pronume nehotrte: 1. a little - putin, ctva, ceva (naintea substantivelor nenumrabile): There is a little bread on the table. - Este putin pine pe mas. 2. a few - ctva, ctiva (naintea substantivelor numrabile):
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There are a few bottles on the floor. I visited some friends yesterday. Bring me some wall-paper.

- Sunt cteva sticle pe podea. - I visited a few friends yesterday. - Bring me a little wall-paper.

Interogativul timpului Present Perfect se formeaz prin inversiune. I have already seen this picture. She has never read this book. We have written two letters so far. Have you already seen this picture? - Ai vzut deja acest tablou? Has she never read this book? - Nu a citit niciodat aceast carte. Have you written two letters so far? - Ati scris pn acum 2 scrisori?

Rspunsul afirmativ se formuleaz cu ajutorul cuvntului yes, a pronumelui personal si a formei corespunztoare a verbului auxiliar: Have you cut your hair? Yes, I have. Has she just come? Yes, she has. Propozitiile negative se formeaz cu cuvntul no, a pronumelui personal, a formei corespunztoare a verbului auxuliar si a cuvntului not. Structura have not poate fi prescurtat, devenind havent, pe cnd forma prescurtat constructiei has not este hasnt: Have you cut your hair? No, I have not. No, I havent. Has she already been in England? No, she has not. No, she hasnt. La formarea ntrebrilor complexe asezm pronumele interogativ naintea verbului auxiliar: Where have you seen this girl? - Unde ai vzut-o pe aceast fat? What has she done so far? - Ce a fcut ea pn acum? Who has said this? - Cine a spus asta? How many books have you brought? - Cte crti ai adus? Pronumele interogativ when cnd nu se foloseste n ntrebrile n care verbul este la timpul Present Perfect. Formele negative se pot folosi si la formarea propozitiilor ntregi: I havent visited my mother yet. - Nu am vizitat-o nc pe mama. She hasnt read the newspaper yet. - Ea nu a citit nc ziarul. They havent seen my house yet. - nc nu mi-au vzut casa. Complementul de timp already nu poate fi folosit n propozitii negative, n timp ce complementul de timp yet nu poate fi folosit n propozitii afirmative. n schimb, ambele complemente circumstantiale pot fi folosite la formarea interogativului. Complementul circumstantial yet are dou ntelesuri: deja (n propozitii interogative) si nc nu (n propozitii negative). nc nu am vorbit cu ea. Ea a auzit deja despre asta? Nu am trimis nc aceast scrisoare. Ai fost deja acas? Dactilografele nu au venit azi la seviciu. - I havent talked to her yet. - Has she heard yet? - We havent sent this letter yet. - Have you already been at home? - The typists havent come to work today.

Formele verbului to have se pot prescurta dup cum urmeaz: I have = Ive he has = hes we have = weve you have = youve she has = shes you have = youve it has = its they have = theyve Ai ncercat vreodat s te lasi te fumat? Ct cafea ai but azi? nc nu m-am gndit la asta. Am nteles deja. n ultima vreme nu ne-am uitat la televizor. over - peste, deasupra, pe - Have you ever tried to stop smoking? - How much coffee have you drunk today? - I havent thought about it yet. - Ive already understand it. - We havent watched television recently. from
39

- de la, din

under - sub

across - de-a curmezisul, pe partea cealalt Pune masa aceea vis--vis de fereastr. Fotoliile sunt lng fereastr. Aceste flori sunt de la sotul tu? Avionul zboar deasupra orasului. Pisicii noastre i place s stea sub canapea. Recapitularea celor nvtate pn acum:

by

- (chiar) lng, cu

- Put the table across the window. - The armchairs are by the window. - Are these flowers from your husband? - The plane is flying over the town. - Our cat likes under the settee.

Cnd au adus asta? - When did they bring it? Ei vor s m nvete s citesc. - They want to teach me to read. De ce mi-ai luat florile? - Why have you taken my flowers? Cine a vrut s cumpere casa aceasta? - Who has wanted to buy this house? Acum cutm o canapea frumoas si dou fotolii. - We are looking for a nice settee and 2 armchairs now Vezi acest avion deasupra parcului? - Do you see this plane over the park? nc nu am vorbit cu el. - I havent talked to him yet. Am ncercat s-i opresc. - I tried to stop them. Cnd m-am urcat n autobuz,l-am vzut pe fratele meu.- When I got on the bus I saw my brother. El a venit deja. - Hes already come. Ai condus vreodat masini mari? - Have you ever driven big cars? n ultima vreme nu le-am scris scrisori prietenilor nostri-Lately we havent written letters to our friends. Azi ne-au pus cteva ntrebri. - They have asked us a few questions today. I-ai pltit lui deja tapetul? - Have you paid him for the wall-paper yet? Ieri am auzit buletinul meteorologic. - We heard the weather-forecast yesterday. Statia noastr de autobuz este pe partea cealalt a strzii- Our bus stop is across the street. Pn acum am scris dou scrisori. - I have written two letters so far. El nu si-a uitat niciodat prietenii. - He has never forgotten his friends. Cine a fcut asta? - Who has done it? La ce or ai venit acas? - What time did you come home? Uit-te la florile de lng fereastr. - Look at the flowers by the window. Nu au cumprat nc perdele n cea de-a doua camer. - So far they havent bought curtains for the second Sora mea a cumprat recent cteva crti. - My sister has recently bought a few books. Cnd le-ai artat casa noastr? - When did you show them our house?

Lectia 13
We have just bought large plates. Bring a few forks. Can I take this spoon? They must buy a salt-cellar. I love toasts for breakfast. We dont have salt at home. How many eggs did you eat for breakfast? Can you bring me a saucer? Have we red napkins at hame? Put the bread into the toaster. These egg-cups are very nice. De obicei mnnc un ou n fiecare zi. Am adus aceste pahare pentru ou din Anglia. Care furculite vrei s le cumperi? Ti-ai mncat deja pinile prjite? - Noi tocmai am cumprat farfurii mari. - Adu cteva furculite. - Pot s iau aceast lingur? - Ei trebuie s cumpere o solnit. - mi place pinea prjit la micul dejun. - Acas nu avem sare. - Cte ou ai mncat la micul dejun? - Poti s-mi aduci o farfurioar? - Avem acas servetele rosii? - Pune pinea n prjitorul de pine! - Aceste pahare pentru ou sunt foarte frumoase. - I usually eat one egg every day. - We have brought these egg-cups from England. - Which forks do you want to buy? - Have you already eaten your toasts?

n limba englez pronumele posesiv se afl de obicei naintea substantivului: This is my car.
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Pronumele posesiv independent st singur si nu este urmat de substantiv, caz n care si schimb forma. mine - al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele his - al lui/su, a lui/sa, ai lui/si, ale lui/sale yours - al tu,a ta,ai ti,ale tale,al,a,ai,ale dumitale,dvs hers - al ei/su, a ei/sa, ai ei/si, ale ei/sale its - lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte) theirs - al/a/ai/ale lor ours - al nostru, a noastr, ai nostri, ale noastre yours - al vostru, a voastr, ai vostri, ale voastre It is my car. - Aceasta este masina mea. Dont take his pen. - Nu lua stiloul lui! This is their money. - Acestia sunt banii lor. Aceasta este bicicleta mea. Aceste tigri sunt ale tale? Aceste stilouri sunt ale lui. Aceast solnit este a lor? Acestea sunt merele noastre. Acest ceasornic este al lui? - This is my bicycle. - Are these cigarettes yours? - These pens are his. - Is this salt-cellar theirs? - These are our apples. - This clock is his. This is my car. - Aceast masin este a mea. Take yours. - Ia-l pe al tu! This money is theirs.- Acesti bani sunt ai lor. Este masina ei? - Is it her car? Sunt pisicile noastre. - They are our cats. Sunt pantofii mei. - They are my shoes. Acea hain este a ei. - That coat is hers. Aceast carte este a ta?- Is this book yours? Acele cesti sunt ale tale- Those cups are yours.

Acest brbat gras mnnc prea mult. Farfuria ei este goal? mi place pestele prjit. Te grbesti? Brnza aceasta este delicioas. Expresia to be in a hurry

- This fat man eats too much. - Is her plate empty? - I like fried fish. - Are you in a hurry? - This cheese is delicious.

They were in a hurry. - Ei se grbeau.

Pentru exprimarea actiunilor care se vor petrece n viitor se foloseste timpul Simple Future Tense. Formarea lui este simpl: verbul auxiliar will urmat de forma I-a a verbului principal, infinitivul. Pronumele personal + verbul auxiliar + forma I-a a + will verbului principal I will come to you tomorrow. She will write a letter today. Mine vom cina n grdin. Sptmna viitoare vom merge la Londra. Peste dou zile i vom vizita pe printii nostri. Mine sear vom asculta radioul. Vom fi ntotdeauna mpreun. Sptmna viitoare vom plti masina. Mine i voi scrie lui. Vom cobor la a treia statie. Voi vorbi cu el despre acest roman. to pass to use to leave to tell to hang - a pasa, a da to boil - a folosi, a utiliza to pour [li:v] - a prsi, a pleca [tel] - a spune [hEn(g)] - a atrna, a agta - Tomorrow we will have dinner in the garden. - Next week we will go to London. - We will visit our parents in two days. - Tomorrow evening we will listen to the radio. - We will always be together. - Next week we will pay for the car. - I will write to him tomorrow. - We will get off at the third stop. - I will talk with him about this novel. - a fierbe, a clocoti - a turna, a vrsa left > [left] told > [tould] hung > [han(g)] to translate left told hung - a traduce > [left] > [tould] > [han(g)]

Peste o sptmn vom pleca la Bucuresti. Ai fiert ou? Poti folosi telefonul lui. ti torn cafea. Poti s dai zahrul? Nu-i voi spune lui despre asta niciodat. Ieri am atrnat perdelele.

- We will leave for Bucharest in a week. - Have you boiled eggs? - You can use his telephone. - Im puoring you coffee. - Can you pass the sugar? - I will never tell him about it. - Yesterday I hung the courtains.
41

Pn acum am tradus dou crti.

- Sofar I have translated two books.

Verbele tell/say au acelasi nteles dar le folosim n contexte diferite. Cu ajutorul verbului say, spunem exprimm ceva: Hes said a few words about this novel. - A spus cteva cuvinte despre acest roman. They say we have a nice house. - Ei spun c avem o cas frumoas. Cu ajutorul verbului tell spunem cuiva ceva (to tell - a povesti, a spune) Hes told me about the book. - Mi-a povestit despre carte. She will tell you about my brother. - ti va spune despre fratele meu. Ti-am vorbit deja despre asta. - Ive already told you about it. El spune c nu-i place sora mea. - He says he doesnt like my sister. Spune ceva despre munca ta. - Say something about your work. El a spus c cerul este albastru. - He has said the sky is blue. nc nu mi-a spus despre asta. - He hasnt told me about it yet. Cnd vrei s-i spui nevestei tale despre aceast masin?- When do you want to tell your wife about this car? Mine voi cumpra farfurii si farfurioare. - Tomorrow I will buy plates and saucers. Nu pot fierbe oule acum! - I cant boil the egss now! Vom atrna acest tablou n dormitor. - We will hang this picture in the bedroom. Nu lua lingura mea, ia-o pe a ta! - Dont take my spoon, take yours. Acest peste prjit este delicios. - This fried fish is delicious. Copiii nostri vor veni la noi smbt. - Our children will come to us on Saturday. Spune-mi unde sunt servetelele. - Tell me where the napkins are. Cte pini prjite poti mnca? - How many toasts can you eat? Aceast masin este a mea, si aceea este a lui. - This car is mine and that is his. Cnd vrei s pleci la Bucuresti? - When do you want to leave for Bucharest? Unde pot s-mi agt haina? - Where can I hang my coat? Trebuie s traduc aceast carte pn n februarie. - I must translate this book by February. You have long arms. She was on her knees. Every man has ten fingers and ten toes. Your nails are too long. That man has a big belly. Men usually have hair on the chest. My elbow is all right now. This wrist-watch is hers. You have a brown back. She has a shawl on her shoulders. Is your wrist all right now? spate - back umr - shoulder cot - elbow unghie- nail piept - chest brat - arm - Ai brate lungi. - Ea era n genunchi. - Fiecare om are 10 degete la mn si zece la picior. - Unghiile tale sunt prea lungi. - Omul acela are o burt mare. - Brbatii au de obicei pr pe piept. - Cotul meu este bine acum. - Acest ceas de mn este al ei. - Ai un spate bronzat. - Ea are o esarf pe umeri. - ncheietura minii tale este bine acum? stomac - belly genunchi knee ncheietura minii deget de la mn deget de la picior - wrist - finger - toe

ntrebrile la timpul Simple Future se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii verbului will si a subiectului. She will go to Bucharest tomorrow. Will she go to Bucharest tomorrow? - Va merge ea mine la Buc? They will translate this letter. Will they translate this letter? - Vor traduce aceast scrisoare? Vor ncerca s fac asta mine? mi vei cumpra aceast hain? Ne va arta el camera lui? - Will they try to do it tomorrow? - Will you buy me this coat? - Will he show us his room?

Rspunsurile afirmative se formeaz cu ajutorul cuvntului yes, apronumelui personal, si a verbului auxiliar will:
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Will they make a bookcase tomorrow? Will you ask him this question? Will she visit her brother next week?

Yes, they will. Yes, I will. Yes, she will.

Negatia se formeaz cu ajutorul negatiei no, a pronumelui personal, verbului auxiliar will, si a cuvntului not. (will not wont). Will you pay for dinner? No, I will not. No, I wont. Will he send this letter? No, he will not. No, he wont. Who will do it? - Cine va face asta? La ce or te vei scula mine? Ce masin vei conduce la Londra? Unde vei agta telefonul? Nu voi fi niciodat dactilograf. Mama mea va merge mine la spital. Peste dou sptmni nu vom avea de lucru. Cine te va astepta? Unde ne vom opri? Vom vorbi cu tine despre acest magazin. I am thirsty - 1. mi este sete. sens propriu I am hungry - 1. mi este foame sens propriu Au instrumente electrice? Ieri am fost foarte obosit si nfometat. Unde ai cumprat aceste mere dulci? Mi-au trimis numai o scrisoare. When will you come? - Cnd vei veni? - What time will get up tomorrow? - What car will you drive to London? - Where will you hang the telephone? - I will never be a typist. - My mother will go to hospital tomorrow. - We wont have work in two weeks. - Who will wait for you? - Where will we stop? - We will tell you about this shop. 2. Sunt nsetat (de). Doresc - sens figurat 2. Sunt nfometat dup - sens figurat - Have they electric tools? - I was tired and hungry yesterday. - Where did you buy these sweet apples? - They have sent me only one letter.

ntelesul expresiei only se schimb n cazul n care este precedat de un articol hotrt. Semnificatia expresiei the only este: singurul, unicul. Articolul hotrt the poate fi nlocuit cu un pronume posesiv. Its the only plant in this room. - Este singura plant n aceast camer. He is my only brother. - Este singurul meu frate. to feel - a simti, a atinge, a pipi [fi:l] felt [felt] to build - a cldi, a construi [bild] built [bilt] to begin - a ncepe, a se apuca de [bigin] began [bigEn] to fall - a cdea, a se prbusi [fo:l] fell [fel] to catch - a prinde, a apuca, a retine, a se mbolnvi de [kEts] caught to taste - a gusta Pisica tocmai a prins o pasre. Ieri am czut pe podea. Ei nu au construit nc aceast cas. Cnd vei ncepe s citesti asta? Cum te-ai simtit cnd ti-a vorbit despre asta? Voi merge la magazin si voi cumpra farfurii si servetele. Ai mncat vreodat ou? Nu mi-e foame. Azi nu iau masina mea. O voi lua pe a ei. Cina aceasta a fost delicioas. Ieri am nceput s cldim un sopron n grdin. Nu voi merge cu un autobuz gol. Cnd mi vei cuta cinele? felt built begun fallen [ko:t] [felt] [bilt] [bigan] [fo:ln] caught [ko:t]

- The cat has just caught a bird. - I fell on the floor yesterday. - They havent built this house yet. - When will you begin to read it? - How did you feel when he told you about it? - I will go to the shop and buy plates and napkins. - Have you ever eaten eggs? - Im not hungry. - Im not taking my car today. I will take hers. - This dinner was delicious. - Yesterday we began to build a shed in the garden. - I wont go by an empty bus. - When will you look for my dog?
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Nu pot agta acest tablou. El mi-a dat sarea. Spune-mi unde este fratele tu. Nu vor traduce niciodat aceast carte. El a spus c nu va fi sofer. Cte unghii are un cine? ti voi da ceasul meu. Nu vreau s beau, dar mi-e sete.

- I cant hang this picture. - He passed me the salt. - Tell me where your brother is. - They will never translate this book. - He has said he wont be a driver. - How many nails has a dog? - I will give you my watch. - I dont want to drink but I am thirsty.

Lectia 14
Bring me that big hammer. Dont forget to take the keys. Have you heard the news? There were many people on the platform. There was an accident in the street. Will you eat meat tomorrow? He drank a glass of water. There is a lot of glass on the floor. Who has told you this story? We dont have ashtrays at home. They used good wood to make the chairs. Do you want only vegetables for dinner? There are many woods in England. - Adu-mi ciocanul acela mare. - Nu uita s iei cheile. - Ai auzit nouttile? - Erau multi oameni pe peron. - A fost un accident n strad. - Mine vei mnca carne? - El a but un pahar cu ap. - Este o multime de sticl pe podea. - Cine ti-a spus aceast poveste? - Nu avem acas scrumier. - Au folosit lemn bun pentru confectionarea scaunelor. - Vrei doar legume la cin? - Sunt multe pduri n Anglia.

Cuvntul own poate sta att naintea verbului, ct si n urma lui, dar n acest caz se leag de el prin prepozitia of. Cele dou structuri se pot nlocui reciproc. I use my own tools. I have a garden of my own. to help a ajuta to clean a curta to switch on a aprinde (lumina) to switch off a stinge (lumina) to sell - a vinde [sell] sold [sould] sold [sould] to find - a gsi [faind] found [faund] found [faund] to hurt - a rni, a jigni, a durea [h:rt] hurt [h:rt] hurt [h:rt] Sora ei i-a ajutat des. El tocmai si-a rnit ncheietura minii. Ai vndut multe crti? Ieri am gsit acest ciocan. Maria tocmai deschide radioul. Trebuie s curtm casa pn vineri. nchide televizorul! l doare bratul. - Her sister ofetn helped them. - He has just hurt his wrist. - Have you sold many books? - Yesterday I found this hammer. - Mary is just switching on the radio. - We must clean the house by Friday. - Switch off the TV set. - His arms hurts.

n limba englez nu exist negatie dubl, legat de never, nobody, nothing. I saw nobody in the street. - Nu am vzut pe nimeni n strad. So far he has done nothing. - Pn acum el nu a fcut nimic. Crtile noi sunt scumpe. Nu pot face nimic pentru tine. Cine este acest om btrn? Voi spune asta la toat lumea. Totul este gata. Nu voi ajuta pe nimeni. Aceste farfurii nu sunt curate. Masinile americane sunt scumpe. - New books are expensive. - I can do nothing for you. - Who is this old man? - I will tell everybody about it. - Everything is ready. - I will help nobody. - These plants are not clean. - American cars are expensive.
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Nu pot vorbi cu nimeni. Nimic nu este usor.

- I can talk to nobody. - Nothing is easy.

Pronumele everybody (fiecare, toti, toat lumea) se afl ntotdeauna la persoana a III-a singular. Dac vrem s descriem o actiune din trecut, care s-a desfsurat la un moment dat sau ntr-o anumit perioad, atunci folosim timpul Past Continuous Tense. Perioada se indic printr-un complement de timp, sau cu ajutorul unei propozitii la timpul trecut simplu, dar poate reiesi si din context. La construirea propozitiei folosim pronumele personal sau substantivul, forma corespunztoare de trecut a verbului to be (was/were) si verbul principal cu sufixul -ing. Pronumele personal + verb auxiliar + verb principal -ing + I was walking yesterday at five. They were cleaning their room all day yesterday. Conjunctia while pe cnd, n timp ce, se foloseste des cu timpul Past Continuous, si exprim desfsurarea simultan a dou actiuni. The sun was shining while we were walking. - Soarele strlucea n timp ce ne plimbam. We were listening to the radio, - Noi ascultam radioul while our father was reading a newspaper. n timp ce tatl nostru citea ziarul. n cazul folosirii sufixului ing, precum si a verbelor care nu au form continu, sunt valabile regulile nvtate la timpul Present Continuous. Timpul Past Continuous se foloseste si atunci cnd vrem s exprimm c n timpul desfsurrii unei actiuni a nceput o alt actiune. Aceast actiune din urm se exprim prin timpul Simple Past. I was having dinner when John came. The wind was blowing all day yesterday. His son was working at six two days ago. They were waiting for me from one to three. Ieri la ora cinci am scris o scrisoare. n timp ce eu fceam curat copiii mei stteau n grdin. Ploua cnd m-am trezit. Am cutat aceast carte de la cinci la sase. - Cinam cnd a venit John. - Vntul a suflat ieri toat ziua. - n urm cu dou zile fiul su lucra la sase. - M-au asteptat de la unu la trei. - At five yesterday I was writing a letter. - While I was cleaning my children were sitting in the garden. - When I got up it was raining. - I was looking for this book from five to six.

Interogativul la timpul Past Continuous se formeaz prin inversarea ordinii subiectului si a verbului auxiliar. n cazul ntrebrilor complexe, naintea verbului auxiliar se pune un interogativ. Were you walking in the park at the three yesterday?- Te plimbai n parc ieri la trei? Was he drinking beer when you saw him? - El bea bere cnd l-ai vzut? Where was he going when I came? - Unde mergea cnd am venit eu? Rspunsurile afirmative se formeaz cu ajutorul cuvntului yes, a pronumelui personal si a verbului auxiliar. La formularea negatiei folosim cuvntul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar was/were si cuvntul de negatie not. (wasnt, werent). Was he driving home at six yesterday? Were they doing it all day yesterday? Trenul a plecat la cinci de pe peronul trei. Toat ziua am cutat ieri cheile. Ce fceai ieri la aceast or? Cnd am fost la Bucuresti a nins tot timpul. Mama mea gtea cina cnd am intrat n cas. Unde te-ai dus ieri la nou? Yes, he was. Yes, they were. No, he wasnt. No, they werent.

- At five the train was living from the platform three. - I was looking for the keys all day yesterday. - What were you doing this time yesterday? - When I was in Bucharest it was snowing all the time. - My mother was cooking the dinner when I entered the house. - Where were you going at nine yesterday?
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Noi curtam camera ntimp ce tata lucra n grdin. - We were claning the room while father was working in the garden. M doare spatele. - My back hurts. mi vei cumpra acest ceas? - Will you buy me this wtch? Vreau s am o masin electric. - I want to have an electric car. Nu mi-e foame dar mi-e foarte sete. - Im not hungry but very thirsty. Cnd sunt obosit merg ntotdeauna - When I am tired I always go for a short walk. la o plimbare scurt. Ieri dimineat lucrau doar zece oameni. -Yesterday morning only ten people were working. Petre este singurul brbat din familia noastr. - Peter is the only man in our family. Ieri sear nc mai construiau casa. - Yesterday evening they were still building the house. Cum te simti azi? - How are you feeling today/ Cnd a fost acest accident? - What time was this accident/ La 8 vom asculta stirile. - We will listen to the news at eight. Ajut-m s gsesc cheile. - Help me to find the keys. Vom merge la magazin si vom cumpra legume. - We will go to the shop and buy vegetables. Mi-a spus povestea vietii lui. - He told me the story of his life. Pe care peron este trenul nostru? - At which platform is our train? Toat ziua ne-am plimbat ieri n pdure. - We were walking in the wood all day yesterday. Am vndut deja 100 de pahare. - We have already sold a hundred glasses. Nimeni nu vrea s vorbeasc cu tine. - Nobody wants to talk woth you. Am spus deja totul. - I have already said everything. ti plac masinile americane? - Do you like Americam cars? Nu am nimic. - I have nothing. Ce fceai cnd te-am vzut la geam? - What were you doing when I saw you in the window. Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal. Trebuie s cumprm farfurii si farfurioare noi. - We must buy new plates and saucers. Vei mnca ou si pine prjit la micul dejun? - Will you eat eggs and toasts for breakfast? Ai curtat deja grtarul pentru prjit pine? - Have you cleaning the toaster yet? Tatl tu are mai multi bani dect al meu? - Your father has more money than mine. Carnea prjit este adesea unsuroas. - Fried meat is often fat. Nu face asta n grab. - Dont do it in a hurry. Ei nu ne vor ajuta. - They wont help us. Vei vorbi surorii tale despre acest om? - Will you tell your sister about this man? Printii mei tocmai pleac la Londra. - My parents have just left for London. Mine nu voi traduce multe scrisori. - I wont translate many letters tomorrow. Poti s mi torni o ceasc de cafea? - Can you pour me a cup of coffee? Miercurea trecut au agtat toat ziua - Last Wednesday they were hanging pictures tablouri n dormitor. in the bedroom all day. Vrei s spui c nu ai citit aceast carte? - Di you want to say you havent read this book? Unde pot gsi acest grtar pentru prjit pine? - Where can I find this toaster? Unicul lor copil tocmai a plecat n Anglia? - Their only child has just left for England. Aceast pine prjit este a ta? - Is this toast yours? M grbesc deoarece la cinci trebuie s fiu acas. - I am in a hurry because I must be at home at five. Vom face ntotdeauna mobil bun. - We will always make good furniture. Cnd cutam ciocanul am gsit aceast scrisoare veche-When I was looking for the hammer I found this old Nu mi vorbi despre acest om. - Dont tell me about this man. Unde vei duce copiii anul viitor? - Where will you take the children next year? Ieri la nou au plecat n Anglia. - Yesterday at nine they were living for England. Spune c nu esti obosit. - Say you are not tired. Nimeni nu mi-a spus despre asta. - Nobody has told me about it.

Lectia 15
46

Ai facturi de pltit? Am vndut toate fructele. Sunt scumpe portocalele? Ieri am uitat s cumpr mncare. Nu-mi plac aceste schimbri. Pe atunci aveam vecini amabili. Pe mas sunt mere si pere. Aceast pauz este prea lung. Stii unde este aceast bibliotec? Vrei s cumperi struguri? Toamna iarba este galben. Ce culoare au ochii ei? D-mi alt carte.

- Do you have bills to pay? - We have sold all the fruit. - Are oranges expensive? - I forgot to buy food yesterday. - I dont like these changes. - We had nice neighbours then. - There are apples and pears on the table. - This break is too long. - Do you know where this library is? - Do you want to buy only grapes? - Grass is yellow in the automn. - What colour are her eyes? - Give me another book.

Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor si adverbelor 1. Adjectivele si adverbele formate dintr-o singur silab primesc sufixul er la comparativ, respectiv est la superlativ: nice (amabil) nicer (mai amabil) the nicest (cel mai amabil) Adjectivele si adverbele care se termin n e mut, vor pierde acest e la adugarea terminatiei er sau -est. 2. n limba englez naintea superlativului se pune ntotdeauna articolul hotrt the: tall (nalt) taller (mai nalt) the tallest (cel mai nalt) short (scund) shorter (mai scund) the shortest (cel mai scund) 3. Si n cazul adjectivelor consoana final se dubleaz n cazul adugrii unui sufix, dup aceeasi regul. big (mare) bigger (mai mare) the biggest (cel mai mare) 4. n cazul adjectivelor sau adverbelor compuse din dou sau mai multe silabe care se termin n y, litera final se transform n i la adugarea sufixelor er sau est: windy (vntos) windier (mai vntos) the windiest (cel mai vntos) n cazul adjectivelor la gradul comparativ se foloseste adesea cuvntul than ca si, dect. My trousers are longer than yours. - Pantalonii mei sunt mai lungi dect ai ti. This is the cheapest car in our shop. - Aceasta este cea mai ieftin masin din mag. nostru. Our neighbours are poorer than we are. - Vecinii nostri sunt mai sraci dect noi. Today you have come earlier than ever. - Azi ai venit mai devreme ca niciodat. Fratele meu are cea mai rapid masin din oras. Aceast femeie este mai puternic dect 2 brbati. Vreau s fiu cel mai bogat om din Romnia. Tatl nostru este cel mai ocupat om. Este mai rece astzi dect ieri? Cine este mai nalt dect tatl meu? mi plac fructele proaspete. Ce-ai fcut n timpul pauzei? Masina lui este urt. El a fost foarte bucuros c eu am fost acolo. De ce esti trist? Aceasta este o pictur frumoas. Aceast locuint este prea mic pentru familia mea. Aceasta a fost ziua cea mai trist a sptmnii. Am mncat n pauz. Gradul pozitiv many, much (mult) little (putin) bad (ru, prost) good (bun) - My brother has the fastest car in town. - This women is stronger than two men. - I want to be the richest man in Romania. - Our father is the busiest man. - Is it colder today than yesterday? - Who is taller than my father? - I like fresh friut. - What did you do during the break? - His car is ugly. - He was very glad I was there. - Why are you sad? - This is the beautiful picture. - This apartment is too small for my family. - Its been the saddest day of this week. - I ate during the break. gradul superlativ the most (cel mai mult) the least (cel mai putin) the worst (cel mai ru, cel mai prost) the best (cel mai bun)

gradul comparativ more (mai mult) less (mai putin) worse (mai ru, mai prost) better (mai bun)

Dac little este folosit n sensul de mic, se folosesc formele adjectivului small adic smaller, the smallest.
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Acelea au fost cele mai frumoase zile din viata mea. - Those were the best days of my life. Noi am cumprat cea mai proast cas de pe aceast strad. - We have bought the worst house in this street. Eu cumpr ntotdeauna cei mai buni struguri. - I always buy the best graples. Mine vin mai devreme la tine. - Tomorrow I will come to you earlier. Vrei s cumperi o masin mai mare? - Do you want to buy a bigger car? Pauzele trebuie s fie mai lungi. - Breaks must be longer. Ei sunt cei mai ri vecini. - They are the worst neighbours. Am cumprat mai putine fructe dect ieri. - I have bought less fruit than yesterday. D-mi o par mai mic. - Give me a smaller pear. Aceasta este cea mai trist veste azi. - This is the saddest news today. Fratele tu este mai nalt dect tine? - Is your brother taller than you? Aceasta este cea mai urt culoare. - This is the ugliest colour. Dac prepozitia than este urmat de un pronume personal acesta este la cazul acuzativ: (me you him her it us you them). Dac adjectivul la gradul superlativ este precedat de un pronume posesiv articolul hotrt the se elimin: It is the best car. It is my best car. This is the best song I have ever heart. - Acesta este cel mai bun cntec pe care l-am auzit vreodat My daughter is the shortest of all her friends. - Dintre toti prietenii ei fiica mea este cea mai scund. This is the longest letter I have ever written. - Aceasta este cea mai lung scrisoare pe care am scris-o vreodat. This is the fastest bicycle of all. - Aceasta este cea mai rapid biciclet dintre toate. Acesta este cel mai trist film pe care l-am vzut vreodat.-This is the saddest film I have ever seen. Acestea sunt cele mai mari schimbri. - These changes are the greatest of all. Aceast bibliotec a avut cele mai multe crti din Anglia. - This library had the most books of all in Engl Acesta este cel mai ru om pe care l-am vzut vreodat. - This is the wors man I have ever seen. to sleep - a dormi to become - a deveni to happen - a se ntmpla to start - a ncepe sleep [sli:p] become [bikam] to enjoy - a se distra, a se simti bine, a se bucura to remember - a (-si) aminti, a-si reaminti to change - a modifica, a schimba to return - a (se) ntoarce, a da napoi slept > [slept] slept > [slept] became > [bikeim] become > [bikam] - What colour is his coat? - We had more time to watch TV then. - Enjoy your meal! - This is the richest man of all my friends. - Why have you bought ugly plates? - We must drink less coffee. - His son is older than mine. - This awful accident happened two months ago. - Why havent they returned yet? - You must return the money earlier. - This dog is my best friend. - I like to sleep long. - What happened during the match? butcher - mcelar arrival - sosire loss - pierdere

Ce culoare are paltonul lui? Atunci aveam mai mult timp s ne uitm la tv. Poft bun! Dintre toti prietenii mei, el este omul cel mai bogat. De ce ai cumprat farfurii urte? Trebuie s bem mai putin cafea. Fiul lui este mai n vrst dect al meu. Acest accident groaznic s-a ntmplat acum 2 luni. De ce nu s-a ntors nc? Trebuie s mi dai banii napoi mai devreme. Acest cine ste cel mai bun prieten al meu. mi place s dorm pn trziu. Ce s-a ntmplat n timpul meciului? meeting - ntlnire, sedint, adunare homework - tem pentru acas sunrise - rsrit de soare grocer - vnztor la bcnie, bcan

beard - barb van - furgonet airport - aeroport departure - plecare, pornire

48

greengrocer - vnztor de legume si fructe at the butchers - la mcelrie n cazul persoanelor at the grocers - la bcnie at my brothers - la fratele meu at the greengrocers - la mag. de leg. si fructe at Marys - la Maria Tu esti vnztor la magazinul de legume si fructe? Ei cnd au plecat? Vrei s fii mcelar? Am s-l nvt s conduc o furgonet. Pentru noi va fi o mare pierdere. Ai avut ntotdeauna barb? Rsritul de soare a fost frumos. Ne ntlnim la aeroport. Tatl lui a fost bcan. S-a ntmplat nainte de sosirea ei. Ai multe teme pentru acas? Vineri trebuie s fii la sedint. - Are you a greengrocer? - When was their departure? - Do you want to be a butcher? - I will teach him to drive a van. - It will be a great loss for us. - Have you always had a beard? - The sunrise was beautiful. - I will see you at the airport. - His father was a grocer. - It happened before her arrival. - Is there much homework to do? - You must be at a metting on Friday.

Adjectivele compuse din dou sau mai multe silabe si care nu se termin n y formeaz gradul comparativ cu ajutorul cuvintelor more/less, iar superlativul cu expresiile the most/the least. n ambele cazuri forma adjectivului este identic cu cea de la gradul pozitiv. Pozitiv Comparativ Superlativ beautiful (frumos) more beautiful (mai frumos) the most beautiful (cel mai frumos) Acesta este cel mai frumos oras pe care l-am vzut vreodat. Este mai greu dect am crezut. Tapetul cel mai scump este cel mai frumos. clever - destept, istet heavy - greu narrow - ngust, strmt - This is the most beautiful town I have ever seen. - This is more difficult than I thought. - The most expensive wall-paper is the most beautiful. enough - destul (de), suficient (de), ndeajuns light - usor, deschis la culoare, luminos dark - ntuneric, ntunecat, nchis la culoare

wide - lat strange - ciudat polite - politicos [plait]

Ea tocmai a cumprat un palton de culoare deschis.- She has just bought a light coat. Nu pot citi ntr-o camer ntunecoas. - I cant read in a dark room. Ea este foarte desteapt. - She is very cleaver. Trebuie s traversm aceast strad lat. - We must cross this wide street. El este destul de bogat ca s cumpere asta. - He is rich enough to buy it. Ai ntl nit deja pe acest om ciudat? - Have you met this strange man. Aceast cutie este prea grea pentru mine. - This box is too heavy for me. Masa aceasta este prea ngust. - This table is to narrow. Adjectivele formate din dou silabe care au terminatia ow sau er formeaz comparativul si superlativul tot cu ajutorul terminatiilor er si est. narrow (ngust) narrower (mai ngust) the narrowest (cel mai ngust) clever (destept) cleverer (mai destept) the cleverest (cel mai destept) bad big good long nice short little (putin) cheap easy worse bigger better longer nicer shorter less cheaper easier the worst the biggest the best the longest the nicest the shortest the least the cheapest the easiest
49

polite busy fresh awful early late narrow many sunny

more polite busier fresher more awful earlier later narrower more sunnier

the most polite the busiest the freshest the most awful the earliest the latest the narrowest the most the sunniest

sad ugly small much wide

sadder uglier smaller more wider

the saddest the ugliest the smallest the most the widest

delicios light fast great difficult

more delicios lighter faster greater more difficult

the most delicios the lighest the fastest the greatest the most difficult

Tocmai m-am ntlnit cu mcelarul. - I have just met the butcher. La ce or s-a ntors el acas? - What time did he return home? Eram acas cnd s-a ntmplat. - I was at home when it was happening. Cte portocale poti s mnnci? - How many oranges can you eat? mi trebuie o pauz mai lung. - I must have a longer break. Este o bcnie aproape de casa noastr. - There is a grocers near our house. Poti s schimbi aceast bacnot. - Can you change this bill? Nu uita s-l vizitezi pe John. - Remember to visit John. Du-te la bcnie si cumpr niste brnz. - Go to the grocers and buy some cheese. ntlnirea va fi la aeroport. - The meeting will be at the airport. Ti-ai fcut deja tema pentru acas? - Have you already done your homework? La ce or a rsrit azi soarele? - What time was the sun rise today? Este cea mai ciudat poveste pe care mi-ai spus-o vreodat.- This is strangest story you have ever told me. Cine este mai n vrst dect mine? - Who is older than me? Este cea mai trist scrisoare a lui. - It is saddest letter. Am destui bani ca s cumpr cartea aceasta. - I have enough money to buy this book. M-am dus acolo ndeajuns de devreme ca s vd sosirea lor.- I went there early enough to see their arrival. Ct timp vrei s dormi? - How long do you want to sleep? Este cea mai proast cin pe care am mncat-o vreodat.- It is the worst dinner I have been eaten.

Lectia 16
clothes - mbrcminte button - nasture hat - plrie sleeve - mnec pocket - buzunar skirt - fust handbag - poset necklace - colier ear-ring - cercel collar - guler blouse - bluz jersey - jerseu

Verbul like nseamn a plcea: I like this house. - mi place aceast cas. Did she like that book? Ei vnd cele mai ieftine plrii. - They sell the cheapest hats. Cea mai frumoas fust a mea este verde. - My most beautiful skirt is green. Mnecile erau prea scurte. - The sleeves were too short. mi place poseta ta. - I like your handbag. Jerseul acesta mai scump este mai frumos. - This more expensive jersey is nicer. Aveti paltoane cu guler mai mare? - Do you have coats with bigger collars? Hainele tale sunt pe scaunul acela. - Your clothes are on that chair. I-am cumprat cercei frumosi. - I have bought her beautiful ear-rings. Pstreaz-ti banii n buzunar. - Keep the money in the pocket. mi place mai mult colierul mai ieftin. - I like cheaper necklace more. Caut nasturi pentru aceast hain. - I am looking for buttons for this coat. Maria ti-a luat bluza albastr. - Mary has taken your green blouse. Toate bluzele mele sunt cu nasturi si cu mnec lung.- All of my blouses are with buttons and lond sleeves. I. II. III. to lose - a pierde [lu:z] lost [lost] lost [lost] to grow - a creste, a cultiva [gru] grew [gru:] grown [grun] to rise - a rsri [raiz] rose [ruz] risen [rizn] to meet - a (se) ntlni, a (se) cunoaste [mi:t] met [met] met [met] to shut - a nchide [sat] shut [sat] shut [sat] to spend - a cheltui (bani), a (pe)trece (timp) [spent] spent [spent] spent [spent]
50

Ieri s-au ntlnit la magazin. Ai nchis deja usa? Ea pierde totdeauna biletele. Noi vom cultiva legume n grdin. A rsrit soarele? Cheltuiesti prea multi bani pe haine I-a crescut repede barba.

- They met in the shop yesterday. - Have you already shut the door? - She always loses tickets. - We will grow vegetables in the garden. - Has the sun risen yet? - You spent too much money on clothes. - His beard grow fast.

Expresii utilizate pentru compararea obiectelor si persoanelor: as as > [ez Ez] - la fel de, asa tot asa de (n propozitie afirmativ) not so as > [not su Ez] - nu asa (de) ca (si) (n propozitie negativ), nu att ct n propozitii negative, n loc de not so as putem folosi expresia not as as. My car is as expensive as yours. - Masina mea este la fel de scump ca si a ta. He is not as old as me. - Nu e asa de btrn ca mine. Acest mr nu este att de dulce ca acela. Am aceeasi vrst ca si tine. Ieri nu a fost att de frig ca acum dou zile. Aceast mas este la fel de grea ca cealalt. out of fashion soaked simple waterproof - This apple is not as/so sweet as that. - I am as old as you. - Yesterday it was not as/so cold as two days ago. - This table is as heavy as that. - a (se) schimba (despre mbrcminte) - uzat, folosit (despre haine) - (confectionat din) de ln

- demodat to change - umed, ud worn - simplu woollen - impermeabil, rezistent la ap

Gulerele mari sunt demodate acum. Te-ai schimbat deja? Erau uzi cnd au intrat n cas. Aceast bluz uzat este urt. Este scump aceast fust de ln? Aceste haine sunt impermeabile. Este cea mai simpl ntrebare (dintre toate).

- Big collars are out of fashion now. - Have you changed yet? - They were soaked when they entered the house. - This worn blouse is ugly. - Is this woolen skirt expensive? - These clothes are waterproof. - It is the simplest question of all.

mpreun cu timpul Present Perfect se folosesc adesea dou prepozitii. Cu ajutorul lui for de (un timp) exprimm durata actiunii, de exemplu: de 2 ani, de 3 zile. Since se foloseste tot pentru exprimarea duratei actiunii, dar indic si momentul din trecut n care a nceput actiunea. I havent seen him for a week. - Nu l-am vzut de o sptmn. I have worked here for two years. - Lucrez aici de doi ani. She hasnt met him since last month. - Ea nu s-a ntlnit cu el de luna trecut. They have changed since last year. - Ei s-au schimbat de anul trecut. Predicatul propozitiilor care contin since si for se traduce la timpul prezent sau trecut. I have lived here for twenty-three years. - Locuiesc aici de douzeci si trei de ani. I have lived since 1975. - Locuiesc aici din 1975. They havent returned home for three months. We have visited them twice since last Monday. She hasnt gone for a walk since last month. I havent driven a car for two months. She has known about it since June. They have lived in this house for many years. She hasnt talked to her husband since last Wednesday. Prepozitia since poate fi urmat de o propozitie secundar la Simple Past: I havent seen him since we met in August. - Nu l-am mai vzut de cnd ne-am ntlnit n august. He has had no money since he paid for his car. - Nu mai are bani de cnd si-a pltit masina.
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Aceste plrii nu mai sunt la mod de 2 ani. Sora mea nu mai locuieste cu noi de vara trecut. N-am mai fost acas de cnd a venit Maria. Unde ai fost timp de 4 ani? Noi l cunoastem de multi ani. to fit to zip up to wear - a (se) potrivi - a nchide fermoarul - a purta [uer]

- These hats have been out of fashion for two years. - My sister hasnt lived with us since last summer. - I havent been at home since Mary came. - Where have you been for four years? - We have known him for many years. to try on - a ncerca, a proba (despre mbrcminte) to knit - a tricota wore [uo:r] worn [uo:rn] - She has knitted three jerseys since last year. - Mary is zipping up her coat. - Have you tried it on yet? - I never wear blouses with long sleeves in summer. - My clothes fit my daughter. - These shoes have never fitted.

De anul trecut ea a tricotat 3 jerseuri. Mary si nchide fermoarul de la hain. L-ai probat deja? Vara nu port niciodat bluze cu mnec lung. Fiicei mele i sunt bune hainele mele. Acesti pantofi nu mi-au fost buni niciodat.

Cine ti-a dat aceast veste? - Who told you this news? Gulerul este destul de lung? - Is the collar long enough? Cnd a rsrit ieri soarele? - What time did the sun rise yesterday? Mi-am pierdut poseta. - I have lost handbag. Nu l-am mai vzut de cnd a plecat din orasul nostru. - I havent seen him since he left our town. Toate femeile poart cercei? - Do all women wear ear-rings? Locuim aici de 20 de ani. - We have lived here for twenty years. Plria verde nu ti se potriveste. - The green hat doesnt fit you. Casa noastr nu este asa de mare ca a lor. - Our house is not so/as big as theirs. Toate hainele mele sunt ude. - All my clothes are soaked. Nimeni nu cumpr plrii impermeabile. - Nobody buys waterproof hats. ti voi tricota un jerseu de ln. - I will knit you a woollen jersey. Fustele lungi nu sunt la mod acum. - Long skirts are out of fashion now. Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal: Folosesc ntotdeauna ct se poate de putin sare. - I always use ass little salt as I can. Ai schimbat deja aceste bancnote? - Have you already changed these bills? Noi vom cultiva legume n grdina noastr. - We will grow vegetables in our garden. Cine a cheltuit cel mai putin? - Who spent the least money? Iarna ntotdeauna port cele mai clduroase sosete de ln-In winter I always wear the warmest woollen socks Cine este cea mai frumoas fat din Romnia? - Who is the most beautiful girl in Romania? Ai nchis deja geamul? - Have you already shut the window? Ai venit ndeajuns de devreme ca s te ntlnesti cu el.-You have come early enough to meet him. Este mai greu dect am crezut. - It is heavier than I thought. Unde este fratele tu mai mic? - Where is your younger brother? Nu am mai fost la Mary de cnd am nceput s lucrez-I havent been at Marys since I started to work. Unde este cel mai mare ciocan? - Where is the biggest hammer? Cnd trebuie s fii la aeroport? - What time must you be at the airport? Tocmai am devenit vecini. - We have just become neighbours. Aceasta este cea mai urt cldire pe care - This is the ugliest building I have ever seen. am vzut-o vreodat. Lui i plac numai culorile deschise. - He likes only light colours. Tatl meu este bcan dintotdeauna. - My father has been a grocer since always. Copiii cresc foarte repede. - Children grow very fast. Aceasta este o ntrebare foarte simpl. - It is a very simple question. Accidentul s-a ntmplat dup plecarea lor. - The accident happened after their departure. Acest jerseu este la fel de frumos ca si acela. - This jersey is as nice as that.
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Mncarea a fost mai proast acolo dect acas. - The food was worse there than at home. Colierul mamei mele este mai frumos. - My mothers necklace is more beautiful. Pot s ncerc aceast fust? - Can I try on this skirt? Schimb-te nainte ce cin. - Change before dinner. Avem portocale destule pentru toat lumea. - We have enough oranges for everybody. Acesta este cel mai bun cinematograf din orasul nostru.-This is the best cinema in our town.

Lectia 17
I have many colleagues. [koli:gz] The negotiations will be tomorrow. We are waiting for the management. He has lost his job. The employees want to talk. I got a raise yesterday. He is a member of a trade-union. We have great unemployment in Romania. They are talking about the last strike. Do you think my wages are high? Is he a labourer in this factory? Ai vesti despre grev? Peste o lun salariile noastre vor fi mai mari. Toti muncitorii au sedint miercuri. Toti angajatii ti au familie? - Am multi colegi. - Negocierile vor fi mine. - Asteptm conducerea. - El si-a pierdut slujba. - Salariatii vor s vorbeasc. - Ieri am primit o mrire de salariu. - El este membru de sindicat. - n Romnia somajul este foarte mare. - Ei vorbesc despre ultima grev. - Crezi c salariul meu este mare? - El este muncitor n aceast fabric? - Have you the news about the strike? - In a month our wages will be higher. - All labourers have a meeting on Wednesday. - Have all your employees families?

Timpul trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense) se foloseste pentru a descrie o actiune care s-a desfsurat naintea unei alte actiuni trecute, aceasta din urm exprimndu-se cu timpul Simple Past (trecut simplu). Complementele circumstantiale utilizate cu timpul Past Perfect Tense sunt: after dup, dup aceea, dup ce, ulterior before nainte de, naintea, dinaintea Subiect + Verb auxiliar + She had read They had built I had eaten breakfast before I went to work. After the employees had got a raise they started to work. nainte de a cumpra aceast masin am lucrat mult timp ntr-o banc. Dup ce s-a ntors acas el a mncat niste pine. Am ncercat aceast hain nainte de a o cumpra. Ea a nceput s se ngrijoreze dup ce a primit aceast scrisoare. to raise - a spori, a mri to fire - a concedia Forma a III-a a verbului principal + this book the house - Am luat micul dejun nainte de a merge la lucru. - Dup ce salariatii au obtinut o mrire de salariu, au nceput s lucreze. - Before I bought this car I had worked in a bank for a long time. - After he had returned home fe ate some bread. - I had tried on this coat before I bought it. - She started to worry after she had got this letter. to negotiate - a negocia, a duce tratative to earn - a cstiga (bani prin munc)

to apply for - a cere, a solicita to reduce - a reduce, a micsora

Cred c trebuie s mrim salariile. nainte de a solicita o slujb nou, am lucrat ntr-un birou. Ei cstig mai putin dect printii nostri? Vom negocia asta cu ei. Conducerea vrea s concedieze o sut dintre ei. Aminteste-ti ns c trebuie s reducem somajul.

- I think we must raise wages. - Before I applied for a new job I had worked in an office. - Do they earn less than our parents? - We will negotiate it with them. - The management wants to fire a hundred of them. - But remember we must reduce unemployment.
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Cum putem s facem asta dac ei vor s concedieze?- How can we do it if they want to fire people? Propozitia interogativ la Past Perfect Tense se formeaz prin inversare ordinii subiectului si a verbului auxiliar. They had been here before I came. Had they been here before I came? He had bought a book before he went home. Had he bought a book before he went home? Rspunsul afirmativ se formeaz cu ajutorul cuvntului yes, al pronumelui personal si al verbului auxuliar had. Negatia se compune din: cuvntul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar had si cuvntul not. Had you been here before I came? Yes, I had. No, I had not. No, I hadnt. Constructia negativ hadnt se poate folosi si n propozitii afirmative: They hadnt seen Mary before she visited them. - Ei n-au vzut-o pe Maria nainte ca ea s-i fi vizitat. They hadnt known about it before I told them. - Nu au stiut despre asta nainte ca eu s le fi spus. Ai fost aici nainte de a se ntmpla asta? - Had you been here before it happened? Dup ce m-am sculat m-am dus n buctrie. - After I had got up I went to the kitchen. Nu am vzut acest tablou nainte de a sosi aici. - I hadnt seen this picture before I arrived here. Ai ncercat s negociezi nainte ca ei s te concedieze? - Had you tried to negotiate before they fired you? Dup ce adminsistratia le-a mrit salariile, - After the management had raised wages angajatii au fost foarte bucurosi. the employees were very glad. Nu m-am gndit la asta nainte s fi citit aceast carte. - I hadnt thought about it before I read this book. contents - cuprins, continut proceeds - cstig (dintr-o activitate) surroundings - mprejurimi riches - avere, bogtie thanks - multumiri, recunostint savings - economii Cuvintele nvtate anterior sunt la plural la fel ca si wages si oats ovz. Unde este cuprinsul acestei crti? Cailor le place s mnnce ovz. Ce cstig anual ai? mi tin economiile acas. Cum si-a cstigat el averea? Le-am transmis multumirile mele. mprejurimile sunt frumoase. Te-ai ntlnit deja cu salariatii noi? nainte de a-l cunoaste pe John am lucrat cu Peter. Continutul acestei cutii este interesant. Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuie s obtinem mrirea salariilor. El a cumprat o cas nou dup ce a nceput s cstige mai mult. El cstig prea putin ca s si economiseasc. Ai mai lucrat nainte de-a solicita aceast slujb? Muncitorii nostri sunt membri ai sindicatului de 5 ani. Dup grev conducerea a concediat multi angajati. Trebuie s facem ceva ca s reducem somajul. Have you already been in the new supermarket? Yes, they have a lot of customers there. You can take a trolley in this supermarket. Oh, yes. And they often have sales. Yesterday I bought a lot of things at discount. It was a great bargain. - Where are the contents of this book? - Horses like to eat oats. - What proceeds have you every year? - I keep my savings at home. - How has he earned his riches? - I gave them my thanks. - These are nice surroundings. - Have you already met the new employees? - Before I met John I had worked with Peter. - The contents of this box are interesting. - The negotiations will be very difficult, but we must get a raise. - He bought a new house after he had started to earn more. - His earns too little to have savings. - Have you ever worked before you applied for this job? - Our labourers have been members of a trade-union for five years. - After the strike the managemant fired many employees - We must do something to reduce unemployment. - Ai fost deja n noul supermarket? - Da, au foarte multi cumprtori. - Poti s iei un crucior n acest supermarket. - Da. Si au des reduceri. - Ieri am cumprat o multime de lucruri la pret redus. - A fost o adevrat afacere.
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My shopping-bag was full, and I didnt spend - Sacosa mea era plin si nu am cheltuit prea multi bani. too much money. And the shop-assistants are always ready to help you-Si vnztorii sunt gata ntotdeauna s te ajute. You can always get a recipt at the cash-desk. - Poti obtine ntotdeauna o chitant la cas. You can also give the shop-assistant your - Poti, de asemenea, s-i dai vnztoarei lista ta shopping-list and wait near the exit. de cumprturi si s astepti lng iesire. She will bring you your shopping. - Ea ti va aduce cumprturile. And they always have beautiful shop-windows. - Si au ntotdeauna vitrine frumoase. Am doar o sacos pentru cumprturi. Aceast cas este la un pret foarte bun. Facem mari reduceri. - I have only one shopping-bag. - This house is a bargain. - We give large discounts.

Pronumele some (ctva, ctiva, niste, ceva, unii, putin). I have some books. I have some sugar. La forma negativ si interogativ n locul lui some se foloseste pronumele any.Acest pronume se foloseste n urmtoarele cazuri: la singular si plural, cu substantive care au plural si cu cele care nu au form la plural si n propozitii interogative si negative (n unele cazuri si n cele afirmative). Have you any bread at home? - Ai (niste) pine acas? Have we any tea at home? - Avem (niste) ceai acas? Has she any coffee? -Ea are (niste) cafea? Have they any children? - Au copii?

n limba englez pronumele any nu poate fi omis din propozitiile interogative. n limba romn traducerea acestui cuvnt nu este necesar. Uneori se traduce totusi, mai ales cnd se refer la cantitti mici. (ex ant). Puneti la forma interogativ urmtoarele propozitii: He saw some cars. - Did he see any cars? My parents have some friends. - Have my parents any friends? Her sister has some good books. - Has her sister any goog books? Dac rspundem afirmativ la ntrebarea n care apare pronumele any, atunci rspunsul poate cuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a few si/sau alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate. Have you any receipts? Yes, I have some. - Da, am cteva. Has she any milk? Yes, she has a little. - Da, (ea) are putin. Have they any cars? Yes, they have a lot of cars. - Da, au o multime de masini. Dac rspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi 2 constructii: Have you any receipts? No, I havent any receipts. No, I have no receipts. - Nu am chitant. Have they any money? No, they havent any money. No, they have no money. - Nu au bani. Nu uitati c not any si no nseamn acelasi lucru a nu avea de loc. Au ctiva cini. Nu avem tablouri. (nici un tablou) Ai cini? Nu vd oameni aici. (pe nimeni) Am putin unt. Nu cunosc dactilografe. (nici una) - They have some/ a few dogs. - We havent any pictures. We have no pictures. - Have you any dogs? - I see no people here. I dont see any people here. - I have some/a little butter. - I know no typists. I dont know any typists. even - chiar, pn si, nici mcar satisfied (with) - satisfcut, multumit (de) unskilled - necalificat

hardly - abia, mai deloc, prea putin hardly any - abia, putin/un pic hardly ever - nu prea, mai niciodat, foarte rar

Adverbul hardly exprim o negatie. Alturi de el nu se foloseste alt cuvnt de negatie. I have hardly any friends. - Abia dac mai am un prieten.
55

Esti multumit de locul tu de munc? Toat lumea spune c este o poveste adevrat. Ct cost aceast biciclet? Nici mcar nu l-au concediat. Nu vrem angajati necalificati. Pltim ntotdeauna cu bani gheat. Este foarte important pentru mine. Ea nu a vorbit mai deloc. Nu merg aproape niciodat la meciuri.

- Are you satisfied with your job? - Everybody says it is a true story. - How much is this bicycle? - They didnt ever fire him. - We dont want unskilled employsees. - We always pay in cash. - It is very important for me. - She hardly spoke. - I hardle ever go to the matches.

Formele compuse ale pronumelui some: something ceva; somebody cineva; somewhere undeva. n propozitiile negative n locul lui some se folosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any: Do you know anybody here? Did he give you anything? Do you see Mary anywhere? Dac rspunsul este negativ atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvntului any, iar verbul din propozitie va fi la forma negativ. Cnd folosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va fi la forma afirmativ. Do you anybody here? Did he give you anything? No, I dont know anybody here. No, he didnt give me anything. No, I know nobody here. No, he gave me nothing.

Nu vreau s vorbesc cu nimeni. Le-ai vzut undeva pe aceste fete? Nu-mi place de nimeni. Poate cineva s plteasc cu bani gheat? Sora mea este undeva n Anglia. Acest om nu iubeste pe nimeni. Ai ntlnit acolo pe cinva important?

- I dont want to talk to anybody. I want to talk to nobody. - Have you seen these girls anywhere? - I dont like anybody. I like nobody. - Can anybody pay in cash? - My sister is somewhere in England. - This man doesnt love anybody. This man loves nobody. - Did you meet anybody important there? - Our colleagues are applying for a raise. - We must reduce unemployment in USA. - The employsees and the management are meeting tomorrow to negotiate wages. - The members of our trade-union earn more. - How many labourers have they recently fired? - Have you seen anything interesting in the surroundings - His proceeds are very high. - Before I bought this book I had asked about its contents. -There will be sales in our supermarket next week. - You will get the receipt at the cash-desk. - Our clients are always satisfied with their bargains. - Before I went shopping I had written a shopping-list. - Can I get a discount? - Have you any clock at home? - I hardly ever listen to music. - How much is this skirt? - I wont tell anybody about it.I will tell nobody about it - After I had started work John came.

Colegii nostri solicit o mrire de salariu. Trebuie s reducem somajul n SUA. Salariatii si conducerea se ntlnesc mine s negocieze salariile. Membrii sindicatului nostru cstig mai mult. Cti muncitori au concediat n ultima vreme? Ai vzut ceva interesant n mprejurimi? Cstigul lui este foarte mare. nainte de a cumpra aceast carte m-am interesat de continutul ei. Sptmna viitoare vor fi reduceri la mag nostru. Vei primi chitanta la cas. Clientii nostri sunt ntotdeauna satisfcuti de cumprturile avantajoase. nainte de a merge la cumprturi am scris o list de cumprturi. Pot s primesc o reducere? Ai ceas acas? Nu prea ascult muzic. Ct cost aceast fust? Nu voi spune nimnui despre asta. Dup ce am nceput lucrul a venit Ion.

Lectia 18
I want to change something in the kitchen. - Vreau s schimb ceva n buctrie.
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I will put the fridge near the door. - Voi pune frigiderul lng us. These cupboards will hang on the walls. - Aceste dulapuri vor fi agtate pe pereti. And I want to have tiles on the wall over the sink. - Si vreau s am faiant pe perete deasupra chiuvetei. I think we can also change the tap. - Cred c putem schimba si robinetul. We will buy a new gas-cooker and an electric oven. - Vom cumpra un aragaz nou si un cuptor electric. The rubbish-bin and the bucket with the mop - Cosul de gunoi si gleata cu crpa de sters pe jos can be put here. pot fi puse aici. And the towel can be hanged near the sink. - Iar prosopul poate fi agtat lng chiuvet. And what about the saucepans? - Si ce facem facem cu cratitele? Curtm podeaua cu crpa de sters pe jos. Ia cosul de gunoi. De unde pot procura robinete mari? Este ceva n gleata aceea. Frigiderul nostru este vechi. Trebuie s cumprm un aragaz nou. Farfuriile murdare sunt n chiuvet. mi place faianta din acest magazin. Aceast cratit nu este suficient de mare. Caut ceaiul n acest dulap. Ai prosoape curate? Ct cost acest cuptor? - We clean th floor with a mop. - Take the rubbish-bin. - Where can I get big taps? - There is something in that bucket. - Our fridge is old. - We must buy a new gas-cooker. - Dirty plates are in the sink. - I like the tiles in the shop. - This saucepan is not big enough. - Look for the tea in this cupboard. - Have you any clean towels? - How much is this oven?

Reguli de formare a adverbelor. Adverbele se pot forma din adjective, prin adugarea terminatiei ly: beautiful minunat beautifully [biu:tifli] minunat, splendid n acelasi mod, putem forma adverbe din substantive care exprim timpul: month - lun > monthly - lunar, n fiecare lun week > weekly - sptmnal, n fiecare sptmn day > daily - zilnic, n fiecare zi n cuvtul daily litera y s-a transformat n i. Si dac este precedat de o consoan easy > easily usor n multe cazuri, adjectivul si adverbul se traduc prin acelasi cuvnt n limba romn. Ea cnt minunat. Trenul merge foarte ncet. El a spus asta foarte trist. Trebuie s vorbim cu ei politicos. Acest copil scrie groaznic. - She sings beautifully. - The train is going very slowly. - He said it very sadly. - We must talk with them politely. - This child writes awfuly.

Corespondentul lui bine este well si gradele sale de comparatie sunt identice cu ale adjectivului good: well bine better mai bine the best cel mai bine n englez, ca si n romn unele adverbe au forme identic cu adjectivele care le corespund: late - trziu, cu ntrziere cheap - ieftin high - nalt, sus fast - repede, iute long - lung, ndelungat wide - larg hard - tare, dur early - timpuriu, devreme n cazul lui cheap si wide putem folosi si terminatia ly: cheaply, widely. to look a arta, a prea s fie to taste a gusta, a avea gust (de) to sound a suna, a rsuna feel [fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] smell [smel] smelt [smelt] smelt [smelt] Aceste verbe pot fi urmate doar de adjective. Nu se folosesc adverbe mpreun cu ele. Sotia mea tricoteaz minunat. Azi m simt foarte trist. Ea arat foarte ciudat. Acum trebuie s mergem repede. - My wife knits beautifully. - I feel very sad today. - She looks very strange. - We must go fast now.
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De ce lucrezi asa de mult? Cti bani cheltuiesti pe sptmn? Tatl meu merge ntotdeauna foarte ncet. Am cumprat asta foarte ieftin. Ea scrie ciudat. Mama mea conduce foarte bine. Putem face asta foarte usor.

- Why are you working so hard? - How much money do you spend weekly? - My father always walks very slowly. - I have bought it very cheap/cheaply. - She writes strangely. - My mother drives very well. - We can do it very easily. to support - a sprijini, a sustine to stock - a se aproviziona greasy - unsuros, alunecos

to serve - a servi, a folosi to wrap (up) - a mpacheta to deliver - a distribui, a livra insulated - izolat out of order - stricat, defect for sale - de vnzare to let - a nchiria, a fi de nchiriat La ce or vei livra acest frigider? Casa noastr este izolat. De ct timp nu functioneaz masina? Aceast unealt se foloseste la tierea lemnului. Ai minile unsuroase. Ne vei sustine la sedint? Acest avion este de nchiriat? Am avut asta pe stoc acum 5 ani. Casa vecinilor nostri este de vnzare. Vrei s mpachetezi aceast poset?

- What time will you deliver this fridge? - Our house is insulated. - How long has the car been out of order? - This tool serves to cut wood. - You have greasy hands. - Will you support us at the meeting? - Is this plane to let? - We stocked it five years ago. - Our neighbours house if for sale. - Do you want to wrap up this handbag.

Propozitia supordonat scris cu caractere ngrosate se numeste ntrebare indirect si este introdus de un pronume interogativ (where, who, when), dup care urmeaz topica obisnuit a unei propozitii afirmative. I dont know where this book is. - Nu stiu unde este aceast carte. Tell me when they will come. - Spune-mi cnd vor veni. Dont tell them where I have put my savings. - Nu le spune unde mi-am pus economiile. Stii ct cost asta? Spune-mi cnd pot s te vizitez. Nu stiu cine serveste aici. Peter ne va spune care cas este de nchiriat. Stii ce fac copiii lui? - Do you know how much it is? - Tell me when I can visit you. - I dont know who serves here. - Peter will tell us which house is to let. - Do you know what his children are doing?

to mop - a sterge (pe jos) to dust - a sterge praful to peel - a coji, a curta (legume) to iron - a clca (cu fierul) to empty - a goli, a descrca to turn on a deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde (lumina) to turn off - a opri, a stinge, a nchide n timp ce clcam fusta s-a ntors sotul meu. nainte de a ncepe micul dejun am pornit aparatul de prjit pine. nc mai cureti aceste legume? Golim cosul de gunoi n fiecare dimineat. Trebuie s stergi praful de pe biblioteca ta. Mam, putem s stergem pe jos n baie? mi amintesc c am oprit radioul nainte de a pleca. - While I was ironing the skirt my husband returned. - Before I started to eat breakfast I had turned on the toaster. - Are you still peeling these vegetables? - We empty the rubbish-bin every morning. - You must dust your bookcase. - Mother, we can mop the flour in the bathroom? - I remember that I had turned off the radio before I left.

Existenta sau prezenta, respectiv absenta unei fiinte sau a unui obiect se exprim prin constructia there is/there are. Forma interogativ a acestei expresii se formeaz prin inversarea subiectului gramatical there si a verbului auxiliar. There is a book on the table. Is there a book on the table? - Este o carte pe mas?

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Forma afirmativ se formeaz cu adverbul yes, subiectul there si verbul auxiliar. Pentru forma negativ folosim cuvntul de negatie no, cuvntul there, verbul auxiliar si adverbul not. Is there coffee at home? Yes, there is. Da este. No, there isnt. Nu, nu este. to offer - a oferi to promise - a promite to permit - a permite to refuse - a refuza to allow - a da voie, a admite

Trebuie s golim repede frigiderul. - We must empty the fridge fast. Spune-mi unde sunt aceste cratite. - Tell me where these saucepans are. Poate cineva s-mi calce bluza? - Can anybody iron my blouse? Colegii mei nu vor aceast grev. - My colleagues dont want this strike. Ne vom ntlni ca s negociem mririle de salar. - We will meet to negotiate raises. Angajatii nostri vor s schimbe conducerea. - Our employees want to change the management. nainte s ncepem lucrul i-am asteptat. - Before we started work we had waited for them. Dup ce am scris o scrisoare am cumprat 2 timbre. - After I had written a letter I bought two stamps. Cred c voi solicita o slujb mai bun si un salariu - I think I will apply for a better job and higher mai mare. wages. Anul acesta ei vor s cultive ovz. - They want to grow oats this year. Acum 2 ani am locuit ntr-o zon minunat. - Two years ago we lived in beautiful surroundings. Au mrit deja salariile? - Have they already raised wages? Toti clientii sunt satisfcuti de cumprturile - All customers are satisfied with the shopping din supermagazinul nostru. in our supermarket. Nu uita s iei lista de cumprturi si sacosa. - Dont forget to take the shopping-list and the sh.-bag. El cstig multi bani si cumpr numai la pret redus - He earns a lot and buys only bargains. Nu am prieteni n acest oras. - I havent any friends in this town./I have no friends Ei nu si fac aproape niciodat tema pentru acas. - They hardly ever do homework. Crezi c acest dulap va fi util n buctrie? - Do you think this cupboard will be usefull in the k. Aceast stire este foarte important. - This news is very important. Ct cost aceast biciclet? - How much is this bicycle? Aceast poveste nu poate fi adevrat. - This story cant be true. Ai ceva s-mi spui? - Have you anything to tell me? Unde sunt prosoapele? - Where are the towels? nainte s mergem la Mary noi am sters pe jos. - Before we went to Mary we had mopped the floors. El merge foarte ciudat. - He walks very strangely. Televizorul nu functioneaz. - The TV set is out of order. Vnztorul tocmai mi mpacheteaz cumprturile. - The shop-assistant is just wrapping up my shopping ntreab-l cnd nchide magazinul. - Ask him when he shuts the shop. Sterge parful de pe mese si calc aceste haine. - Dust the tables and iron these clothes. Poti s opresti radioul? - Can you turn off the radio? Sunt niste crti aici? - Are there any books here?

Lectia 19
gale - vnt puternic, vijelie shower - avers, ploaie torential thaw - dezghet, topire thunderstorm - furtun cu trznete Nu-mi place dezghetul. Ti-ai cumprat deja o umbrel nou? A fost o nuant de zmbet pe fata lui. n aceast primvar nu va fi grindin. Ultima zi nsorit a fost n urm cu o lun. Trebuie s o lum pe acest drum. Vara mi plac furtunile cu trznete. hail - grindin ice - gheat dew - rou umbrella - umbrel shade - umbr, nuant road - drum, sosea hurricane - uragan sunny spells - vreme nsorit

- I dont like the thaw. - Have you already bought a new umbrella? - There was a shade of smile on his face. - There wont be any hail this spring. - The last sunny spell was a month ago. - We must take this road. - I love thunderstorms in summer.
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Chiar vrei s iesi pe acest vnt puternic? Uraganul este n apropierea SUA. Dimineata este ntotdeauna rou pe iarb. Cred c mine vor fi averse. Umbra mea umbl ntotdeauna n urma mea. Acest drum este cel mai bun. Luna aceasta au fost multe vijelii. Nu mi plac aversele. Pune-ti pantofii! Este rou pe iarb. Cnd este dezghet strzile sunt ude. Pot s iau umbrela ta? Noi am pierdut totul n timpul uraganului. ntradevr ti place ceaiul rece cu gheat? Sper c va fi vreme nsorit toamna. Ieri a fost ploaie si grindin. Iarna sunt des vnturi puternice. Primvara va sosi dup ultimul dezghet.

- Do you really want to go out in this gale? - The hurricane is near USA. - There is always dew on the grass in the morning. - I think there will be showers tomorrow. - My shade always goes behind me. - This road is the best. - This month there have been many thunderstorms. - I dont like showers. - Put on your shoes! There is a dew on the grass. - When there is thaw the streets are wet. - Can I take your umbrella? - We lost everything in the hurricane. - Do you really like cold tea with ice? - I hope there will be sunny spells in autumn. - Yesterday we had rain and hail. - There are often gales in winter. - Spring will come after the last thaw.

Modul conditional Propozitia conditionat este de 3 feluri: Tipul 1 se refer la viitor. ndeplinirea conditiei respectiv realizarea activittii viitoare este probabil. If you return this book you will get another. - Dac napoiezi aceast carte vei primi alta. The weather will be nice if the temperature isnt lower.- Vremea va fi plcut dac temp nu va fi mai joas Desigur ati observat cum se utilizeaz if (dac pp c). n propozitia conditionat care se afl dup if se foloseste timpul prezent simplu iar la propozitia principal se utilizeaz viitorul simplu. Dac plou nu vom merge la plimbare. - If it rains we wont go for a walk. Nu vei fi un medic bun dac nu nveti. - You wont be a good doctor if you dont learn. Dac mine va ngheta vom rmne acas. - If there is frost tomorrow we will stay at home. Dac nu si ia umbrela ea se va ntoarce acas ud.- If she doesnt take her umbrella she will return home wet slippery - alunecos changeable - schimbtor dense - dens, compact dangerous - periculos severe - sever, aspru, cumplit oppresive - apstor, nbusitor

S-a depus un ger cumplit. n Romnia avem o vreme schimbtoare. Este un trafic intens pe strzi. Drumul a fost alunecos asa c noi am mers pe jos. Aceste animale pot fi periculoase. Vara aceasta a fost o cldur nbusitoare.

- Severe frost has set in. - We have changeable weather in Romania. - There is dense traffic in the streets. - The road was slippery so we went on foot. - These animals can be dangerous. - This summer there has been oppresive heat.

Numerale ordinale: first prim, nti; second doilea, doua; third treilea, treia; fourth patrulea, patra Celelalte numerale ordinale se formeaz prin adugarea terminatiei th numeralelor cardinale. six sixth seven seventh Ortografia unor numerale ordinale se schimb prin adugarea terminatiei th: five fifth, twelve twelfth n cazul n care numeralele se termin n y acesta se preschimb n ie: twenty twentieth . Dac numeralul ordinal se termin n nti, -doilea, -treilea atunci n englez folosim cuvintele first, second, third: douzecisiunulea twenty-first treizecisidoilea thirty- second saizecisitreilea sixty- third A fost a zecea noastr zi de lucru. Aceast carte este pe al 26-lea raft la dreapta. Al 47-lea profesor tocmai a solicitat slujba. to need - a avea nevoie de, a trebui - It was our tenth day of work. - This book is on the twenty-sixth shelf on the right. - The forty-seventh teacher has just applied for the job to drizzle - a burnita

to melt - a topi, a se topi

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to drop - a picura, a cdea, a scpa to freeze - a ngheta, a degera [fri:z] to set in - a ncepe, a se instala

froze [ frouz] set in

frozen [frouzn] set in [set in]

A czut ceva de pe mas. Gheata se va topi primvara. Trebuie s congelm ceva mncare. Ai nevoie azi de masin? Dac ncepe un nghet aspru, vom prsi acest oras. A burnitat ieri toat ziua.

- Somethins has dropped from the table. - Ice will melt in spring. - We must freeze some food. - Do you need the car today? - If severe frost sets in we will leave this town. - It was drizzling all day yesterday.

Propozitia a doua se afl la diateza pasiv (Passive Voice), care se foloseste atunci cnd subiectul este obiectul care sufer actiunea iar autorul actiunii este exprimat printr-un complement. Diateza pasiv se compune din forma corespunztoare a verbului to be si forma a III-a a verbului principal. They make cars in this factory. - Ei fac masini n aceast fabric. Cars are made in this factory. - Se fac masini n aceast fabric. The hammer was found in the shed. - Ciocanul a fost gsit n sur. The floor in the kitchen will be mopped tomorrow. - Podeaua din buctrie va fi splat mine. Transformati propozitiile din diateza activ n diateza pasiv: She emptied the basket. - The basket was emptied. She has ironed her sons shirts. - Her sons shirts have been ironed. We will negotiate a raise tomorrow. - A raise will be negotiated tomorrow. They deliver newspapers every day. - Newspapers are delivered every day. Complementul direct al propozitiei la diateza activ devine subiectul propozitiei la diateza pasiv. Am uitat s iau umbrela. Am avut doar cteva furtuni cu trsnete vara asta. Acest drum a fost construit n urm cu 2 ani. Al 12-lea politist a sosit prea trziu. Dac nu lucrezi nu vei avea bani. Toate scrisorile au fost trimise deja. Ii vom vizita pe Ion si Maria dac nu plou mrunt. Puloverul mau a fost crosetat. Dac ceata este deas, nu vom vedea nimic. Drumurile alunecoase sunt foarte periculoase. Am nevoie de o multime de haine noi. Acesta este al 50-lea angajat al nostru. - I have forgotten to take the umbrella. - We have had only a few thunderstorms this summer. - This road was built two years ago. - The twelfth policeman came too late. - If you dont work you will not have money. - All letters have already been sent. - We will visit John and Mary if it doesnt drizzle. - My sweater has been knitted. - If the fog is dense, we will see nothing. - Slippery roads are very dangerous. - I need a lot of new clothes. - This is our fiftieth employee.

double bed - pat dublu bedspread - cuvertur de pat dream - vis sheet - cearsaf alarm clock - ceas destepttor nightmare - cosmar blanket - ptur single bed - pat de o persoan rug - covoras, carpet pillow - pern dressing-gown - halat, capot sheets - cearsafuri, foi de hrtie wardrobe - garderob, sifonier, dulap de haine Ei au aici camere cu paturi duble. Trebuie s-i cumpr nevstei mele un halat nou. Putem s-ti dm doar pturi si perne. Ct cost acest ceas destepttor. Ai vzut cearceafurile verzi n magazin? Vom lua un pat simplu pantru fiica noastr. Ce culoare au covorasele tale? Cuvertura de pat trebuie s fie alb. - They have rooms with double beds here. - I must buy my wife a new dressing gown. - We can only give you blankets and pillows. - How much is this alarm clock? - Did you see the green sheets in the shop? - Well take one single bed for our daughter. - What colour are your rugs? - The bedspread must be white.
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Vom face un sifonier si-l vom aseza n colt. Visezi des noaptea? Ultimele zile au fost un cosmar pentru mine.

- Well make a wardrobe and put it in the corner. - Do you often have dreams at night? - The last days were a nightmare for me.

Datele se scriu n felul urmtor: on 21st October pe 21 octombrie n limbajul oral apar cuvinte aditionale care nu se folosesc n scris: the naintea numeralului si of naintea lunii. The bed will delivered on 15th November. - Patul va fi livrat la 15 noiembrie. This letter was written on 31st July. - Aceast scrisoare a fost scris pe 31 iulie. to kill - a ucide to drown a neca, a se neca to wreek a sfrma, a distruge, a avaria to burn - a arde, a prji, a fi aprins [b:rn] burnt [b:rnt] burnt [b:rnt] Furtuna a avariat hotelul n data de 23 august. - The hurricane wrecked the hotel on 23rd August. Poti s te neci dac noti mine. - You can drown if you swim tomorrow. Un copil si-a pierdut viata n accident. - A child was killed in accident. Casa noastr a ars pn n temelii sptmna trecut - Our house was burnd down last week. Copacii s-au rsturnat n vntul puternic. - The trees were blown down in the gale. Mai mult de 100 de oameni s-au necat cnd - More than a hundred people were drowned when vaporul a suferit un naufragiu. the ship was wrecked. Oamenii ucid alti oameni n fiecare zi. - People kill other people every day. nclzesti cu lemne iarna? - Do you burn wood in the winter? Focul a fost stins. - The fire has been blown out. sleepy - somnoros, adormit quiet - linistit, calm, potolit unpleasant - neplcut dirty - murdar noisy - zgomotos, glgios modern - modern, nou, contemporan

Copiii nostri sunt foarte somnorosi. Am avut vecini glgiosi. Uit-te la minile tale murdare! Vreau s triesc ntr-un oras linistit. Masinile moderne sunt scumpe. Nu am ntlnit niciodat un om mai neplcut!

- Our children are very sleepy. - We had noisy neighbours. - Look at your dirty hands! - I want to live in a quiet town. - Modern cars are expensive. - I have never met a more unpleasant man!

Substantive care apar ntotdeauna la plural: trousers - pantaloni spectacles - ochelari scissors - foarfec binoculars - binoclu glasses - ochelari Pentru a defini cantitatea exact a acestor obiecte, se foloseste expresia a pair of o pereche. I want to buy a pair of trousers. Where are my binoculars? I dont see them. We have sold ten pairs of spectacles today. She cannot find her glasses. I must buy three pairs of scissors. - Vreau s cumpr o pereche de pantaloni. - Unde este binoclul meu? Nu-l vd. - Azi noi am vndut 10 perechi de ochelari. - Ea nu-si gseste ochelarii. - Trebuie s cumpr 3 foarfece. to shave - a brbieri, a se brbieri dreamt [dremt] dreamt [dremt] woke [uouk] woken [uoukn] got [got] got [got]

to snore - a sfori to undress - a (se) dezbrca to dream - a visa, a-si nchipui [dri:m] to wake up - a se trezi [ueik] to get - a obtine, a ajunge, a deveni [get]

Pe data de 25 mai a fost un vnt puternic. - There was a strong gale on 25th May. Furtunile cu trznete sunt ntotdeauna periculoase. - Thunderstorms are always dangerous. Sase oameni si-au pierdut viata n acest uragan. - Six people were killed in this hurricane. Dac se ntunec nu vom gsi aceast cas. - If it gets dark we wont find this house. Acest ceas destepttor a fost cumprat n acest magazin - This alarm clock was bought in this shop.
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ti place vremea schimbtoare? Pantalonii ti sunt n dulap. Vaporul a suferit un naufragiu n ceat deas. Fiica lor s-a necat anul trecut. Sptmna aceasta au fost multe averse. Nu vei cumpra aceast carte dac cheltui toti banii pe haine. Este pe al 20-lea raft. Mncarea e congelat. Copiii nu s-au trezit nc.

- Do you like changeable weather? - Your trousers are in the wardrobe. - The ship was wrecked in a dense fog. - Their daughter drowned last year. - There have been many showers this week. - You wont buy this book if you spend all the money on clothes. - It is on the twentieth shelf. - The food is frozen. - The children have not woken up yet.

Lectia 20
zebra-crossing - trecere de pietoni right of way - prioritate de trecere onlookers - privitori, spectatori underground - metrou traffic lights - stop, semafor time-table - orar, program ambulance - ambulant witness - martor pedestrian - pieton destination - destinatie cab - taxi

Acest orar este vechi. - This time-table is old. Unde merg acesti pietoni? - Where are these pedestrians going? Au fost prea multi privitori. - There were too many onlookers. Am luat un taxi ca s merg la birou. - I took a cab to get to the office. Pn si trecerea de pietoni poate fi periculoas.- Even a zebra-crossing can be dangerous. Semafoarele nu functioneaz de 2 zile. - The traffic lights have been out of order for two days. Dac nu vine ambulanta te vom lua cu masina. - If the ambulance doesnt come we will take you by car. Merg des cu metroul . - I often go by underground. Toti martorii au nteles ntrebrile? - All witnesses understood the questions? Care este destinatia ta? - What is your destination? Avem prioritate? - Do we have the right of way? Forma continu la prezent si trecut a verbelor la diateza pasiv se alctuieste cu forma continu a verbului to be, ca verb auxiliar, si forma being aflat naintea formei a III-a verbului principal. She is reading a book. A book is being read. - O carte este citit. They were building the house at ten yesterday. The house was being built at ten yesterday. Transformati propozitiile de la diateza activ la cea pasiv: She is cleaning her room now. - Her room is being cleaning now. They were changing the management yesterday. - The management was being changed yesterday. They are negotiating raises at the moment. - Raises are being negotiated at the moment. injured rnit, lovit, avariat serious serios, important unconscious - inconstient, involuntar necessary - necesar, inevitabil mainly - mai ales, mai cu seam in vain - zadarnic, inutil, n zadar

El a ncercat s nteleag asta, dar n zadar. Ei vnd mai ales legume. Aici este necesar o trecere de pietoni. El a fost inconstient mai mult de o sptmn. Tatl meu a pus o ntrebare serioas. Au fost rniti 7 pietoni.

- He tried to understand it but in vain. - They sell mainly vegetables. - A zebra-crossing is necessary here. - He was unconscious for longer than a week. - My father asked a serious question. - Seven pedestrians were injured.

n limba englez zeroul are mai multe echivalente: 1. 0 pronuntat ca si [ou] se utilizeaz atunci cnd nsirm mai multe cifre: Her telephone number is nine, two, four, 0, seven. - Numrul ei de telefon este 9, 2, 4, 0, 7. 2. Nil [nil], se foloseste la prezentarea rezultatelor sportive: The result of the match is four nil. - Rezultatul meciului este patru-zero.
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3. Zero [zirou], se foloseste la descrierea unittilor de msur: It is six degrees below zero. - Sunt sase grade sub zero. 4. Nought (sau naught) [no:t], se foloseste de obicei n matematic si literatur: Two minus two is nought. - Doi minus doi fac zero. All her work was for nought. - Toat munca ei nu a valorat nimic. n SUA se foloseste mai des zero-ul, iar n Marea Britanie nought-ul. below dedesubt, jos, mai jos, sub Este acolo, jos. El are doctoratul. mi place asta doar ntr-o oarecare msur. Azi temperatura este de minus 5 grade. to prevent a prentmpina, a preveni to run over a clca, a lovi cu masina run [ran] ran [rEn] ran [ran] degree grad, msur, treapt - Its there, below. - He has a doctors degree. - I like it only to some degree. - The temperature is minus five today. to hit a lovi, a nimeri to cause a cauza, a provoca to direct a dirija, a conduce to travel a cltori hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] - Cnd cltoream spre Madrid am vzut un accicent groaznic. - Si-a pierdut cineva viata? - Da, dar asteapt o clip. - O masin mare a lovit o cldire. - Au fost pietoni pe strad? - Da, masina a clcat trei oameni. - Doi dintre ei si-au pierdut viata si o femeie a fost grav rnit. - A fost acolo vreun politist? - A fost un politist. - El a dirijat circulatia, dar nu a putut prentmpina accidentul. - Stii ce a cauzat accidentul? - Cred c masina a fost defect.

When we were travelling to Madrid we saw a terrible accident. Was anybody killed? Yes, but wait a moment. A big car hit a building. Were there any pedestrians in the street? Yes, the car ran over three people. Two of them were killed and one woman was seriously injured. Were there any policemen there? There was one policeman. He directed the traffic but could not prevent the accident. Do you know what caused the accident? I think the car was out of order.

Pronumele interogativ who are mai multe ntelesuri: cine, pe cine, cui, care, pe care. Dac ntelesul lui who este cine, ntrebarea se refer doar la persoan si who poate fi folosit ca substantiv. n acest caz ordinea propozitiei este direct, structura sa este afirmativ, iar verbul este la persoana a III-a singular. Who likes you? Cine te iubeste? Who went home? Cine s-a dus acas? n cazul n care pronumele interogativ who apare cu celelalte ntelesuri, interogativul se formeaz cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare, forma corespunztoare a verbului to be sau a verbelor modale: Who were these people? Cine au fost acesti oameni? Who did you meet? Cu cine te-ai ntlnit? Cine si-a piredut viata? Pe cine vezi pe strad n fiecare zi? Cine este acest brbat n hain maro? Cine scrie aceste scrisori minunate? Pe cine cauti acum? - Who was killed in this accident? - Who do you see in the street every day? - Who is this man in a brown coat? - Who writes these beautiful letters? - Who are you looking for now?

Pentru a indica persoana care execut activitatea n propozitia la diateza pasiv se foloseste prepozitia by. Peter made this chair. - The chair was made by Peter. The trade-union is - Raises are being negotiated by negotiating raises. the trade union.
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- Acest scaun a fost fcut de Peter. - Mririle de salarii sunt negociate de ctre sindicat.

Radioul tocamai fost pornit de ctre John. Aceste masini sunt fcute de o fabric din Chicago. El a fost ucis de 2 oameni. Am fost trezit de copii glgiosi.

- The radio has been turned on by John. - These cars are made by a factory in Chicago. - He was killed by two men. - I was woken up by noisy children.

Dac verbul se compune din dou prti, de exemplu wait for, look for, prepozitia trebuie s apar si n diateza pasiv: I looked for it yesterday. It was looked for yesterday. Acesti martori au vzut cel mai bine accidentul. Au fost 5 grade sub zero. Cine a fost clcat de un taxi? Ei au avut prioritate de trecere? Acesti oameni au ncercat s ajute dar zadarnic. El cltoreste mai ales cu metroul. Cine a scris acest orar? El s-a rnit grav? Circulatia este dirijat acum de un politist. - These witnesses saw the accident best. - It was five degrees below zero. - Who was run over by a cab? - Did they have the right of way? - These people tried to help but in vain. - He travels mainly by underground. - Who wrote this time-table? - Is he seriously injured? - The traffic is being directed by a policeman now.

Aceasta este deja a patra furtun n 11 zile. - This is already the fourth gale in eleven days. Cinci oameni si-au pierdut viata n acel dezastru. - Five people were killed in that disaster. Multe vapoare au suferit naufragiu. - Many ships were wrecked. Focul a fost stins de un vnt puternic. - The fire was blown out by a strong wind. El are nevoie de o pereche nou de ochelari. - He needs a new pair of glasses. Aceste foarfece sunt periculoase pentru copii. - These scissors are dangerous for children. n aceast vreme schimbtoare nu-mi uit umbrela. - In this changeable weather I dont forget my umbrella. Casa noastr a ars pn n temelii sptmna trecut - Our house burnt down last week. Aceste averse de ploaie sunt bune pentru grdin. - These showers are good for the garden. Au cumprat 6 perechi de pantaloni. - They bought six pairs of trousers. n acea iarn aspr a fost de multe ori ceat deas. - In that severe winter there was a lot of dense fog. Gheata s-a topit deja. - The ice has already melted. Acest binoclu este vechi, am nevoie de unul nou. - These binoculars are old, I need a new pair. Noi am vndut 10 perechi de pantofi. - We sold ten pairs of shoes. Aceasta este o cuvertur pentru un pat de o - This is a bedspread for a single bed. singur persoan. Acel dulap este fcut din lemn? - Is that wardrobe made of wood? Ochelarii ti sunt pe perna ta. - Your specatcles are on your pillow. El a sforit zgomotos. - He was snoring noisily. Ct cost aceste ceasuri destepttoare? - How much are these alarm clocks? Dup vremea nsorit a fost o furtun cu trsnete. - After the sunny spells there was a thunderstorm. Mi-am ars mna. - I have burnt my hand. Multi oameni si pierd viata pe acest drum ngust. - Many people are killed on this narrow road. Ea era inconstient cnd a fost dus la spital. - She was unconscious when she was taken to hospital. Asta s-a ntmplat n a noua zi. - This happened on the ninth day. Temperatura va cobor sub zero grade. - The temperature will drop below zero. Nimnui nu-i place aceast cldur nbusitoare. - Nobody likes this oppressive heat. Acest drum este alunecos n mod periculos. - This road is dangerously slippery. Dac ai nevoie de acesti bani, i vei gsi pe raft. - If you need this money you will find it on the shelf. Acest accident s-a ntmplat n data de 27 iunie. - This accident happened on 27th June. Cumprtorul tocmai este servit de un vnztor. - The customer is just being served by a shop-assistant. Cine a solicitat aceast slujb? - Who applied for this job? De cine ai nevoie? - Who do you need? Ei au prevenit accidentul? - Have they prevented the accident?

Lectia 21
65

situation situatie, stare difference diferent, deosebire

disease boal, maladie struggle lupt, ntrecere

task - sarcin, ndatorire gesture - gest

Diferentele nu sunt importante. Aceast pies este foarte scurt. El cunoaste situatia lor? Sarcina voastr este s scrieti un eseu. Aceasta este ultima scen a filmului. Nu cunosc boala aceea. Nu sunt vesti despre ntrecere. Nu cunosc nici una din aceste persoane. A fost un gest ciudat. El a fost spion? Aceast inventie este foarte util.

- The differences are not important. - This play is very short. - Does he know their situation? - Your task is to write an essay. - This is the last scene of the film. - I dont know that disease. - There is no news of the struggle. - I dont know any of these persons. - It was a strange gesture. - Was he a spy? - This invention is very useful.

Dac la forma de infinitiv scurt (fr particula to a verbului) adugm terminatia ing, obtinem participiul prezent, pe care-l putem folosi n propozitii ca adverb. His gesture was inviting. - Gestul lui a fost ispititor. This job is exhausting. - Aceast munc este epuizant. The work is tiring. - Munca este obositoare. The difference is striking. - Deosebirea este frapant. The news is surprising. - Vestile sunt surprinztoare This disease is catching. - Aceast boal este molipsitoare. to invite a invita to tire a obosi to surprise a surprinde, a uimi, a lua prin surprindere to strike a lovi, a izbi, a frapa, a soca [straik] Aceast boal molipsitoare este periculoas. M-ai surprins foarte tare. Propunerea ta este tentant. Ne-am cheltuit deja toti banii. Te oboseste aceast carte? to exhaust a epuiza, a istovi struck [strak] struck [strak]

- This catching disease is dangerous. - You have surprised me very much. - Your proposition sounds inviting. - We have already exhausted all our money. - Does this book tire you?

n propozitia conditional de tipul I conjunctia if poate fi nlocuit cu alte conjunctii: when cnd as soon as ndat ce before nainte, dinaintea after dup, dup aceea, dup ce, ulterior Propozitia care ncepe cu oricare dintre conjunctiile de mai sus, se numeste propozitie circumstantial de timp. Nu este nici o diferent ntre structura propozitiei conditionale de tipul I si propozitia circumstantial de timp. Verbul din propozitia subordonat introdus de aceste conjunctii este la timpul prezent simplu. He will buy the car as soon as he gets the money. I will have dinner before I go to him. After I finish this book I will go for a walk. When you are in the same situation you will understand me. - El va cumpra masina de ndat ce primeste banii. - Voi cina nainte s merg la el. - Dup ce termin cartea aceasta o s fac o plimbare. - Cnd te vei afla n aceeasi situatie m vei ntelege.

Cnd ncepe s plou vom duce cinele acas. - When it starts to rain we will take the dog home. De ndat ce citesti aceast carte mi vei spune - As soon as you read this book you will tell me ceva despre asta. something about it. nainte de a pleca vom nchide radioul. - Before we leave we will turn off the radio. Voi face curtenie n cas dup ce lucrez n grdin. - I will clean the house after I work in the garden. alarming - alarmant, ngrijortor moving - emotionant
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useless

- inutil, nefolositor

exciting - interesant, captivant

foreign - strin

remarkable - remarcabil, deosebit

Filmul a fost foarte captivant. Am avut un vis deosebit. El nu are bani strini. Aceast scen este foarte emotionant. Aceast carte mi este nefolositoare. Prognoza meteo este alarmant.

- The film was very exciting. - I had a remarkable dream. - He has no foreign money. - This scene is very moving. - This book is useless to me. - The weather forecast is alarming.

Utilizarea pronumelui nehotrt one este obligatorie alturi de adjective, iar lng adjective este deseori un articol hotrt. I have two red chairs and a white one. - Am dou scaune rosii si unul alb. They have two cars. He wants the big one. - Au dou masini. El o vrea pe cea mare. Pronumele nehotrt one are si form de plural: Have you ever seen cheapers ones? - Ai vzut vreodat unele mai ieftine? I like the black ones. - mi plac acestea negre. Am multe ceasuri dar nici unul modern. - I have many clocks, but no modern ones. El si-a poerdut ceasul si a pltit o grmad - He has lost his watch and paid a lot of de bani pentru unul nou. money for a new one. Aveti de vnzare si unele strine? - Do you also sell foreign ones? mi plac cinii, dar acesta nu este unul frumos. - I like dogs, but this isnt nice one. Nu am multe reviste, le voi trimite pe acestea vechi. - I havent many magazines, I will send these old ones. Stiu c ochelarii sunt scumpi. Ct ai pltit - I know that glasses are expensive. How much pentru acestia noi? have you paid for these new ones? Ultima ei scrisoare a fost scurt. - Her last letter was a short one. Aceast masin este ieftin. - This car is a cheap one. Dintre toate crtile acestea vreau s le citesc - Of all these books I want to read only doar pe cele captivante. the exciting ones. to disappoint - a dezamgi, a deceptiona to excite - a provoca, a emotiona to choose - a alege, a selecta [tsu:z] to hide - a ascunde, a acoperi [haid] Situatia noastr este foarte dificil. Ti-a plcut piesa? Tocmai am primit cteva vesti surprinztoare. nainte s vedem acest film, ne vom face datoria. A fost cel mai interesant meci pe care l-am vzut vreodat. Cnd vrei s te muti? Chiar crezi c este inutil? S-a ntmplat ceva deosebit? Cartea lui cea mai nou m-a socat. Este vreo diferent ntre aceste dou boli? trouble - necaz, neplcere petrol - benzin,carburant tyre - anvelop,cauciuc Zece litri v rog. Mecanicul mi-a reparat frnele. Ai dou cauciucuri uzate. Nu stiu care este problema. to move a se misca, a se muta, a (se) emotiona to alarm a alarma, a speria chose [tsuz] chosen [tsuzn] hid [hid] hidden [hidn] - Our situation is very difficult. - Did you like the play? - I have just got some surprising news. - Before we see this film, well do our task. - It was the most exciting match I have ever seen. - When do you want to move? - Do you really think it is useless? - Has anything remarkable happened? - His newest book struck me. - Is there any difference between these two diseases? brake - frn mechanic - mecanic

engine - motor litre - litru lorry - camion oil - ulei battery - baterie, acumulator

- Ten litres please. - The mechanic fixed my (car) brakes. - You have two worn out tyres. - I dont know what the trouble is.
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Ct cost acest motor? Ea conduce o masin de depanare auto. Ai nevoie de un alt fel de ulei. Unde putem parca aceste camioane? Benzina este scump n aceast tar. Acest acumulator nu functioneaz. Este aici un mecanic care s m ajute? Foloseste indicatoarele!

- How much is this engine? - She drives a breakdown van. - You need another kind of oil. - Where can we park these lorries? - Petrol is expensive in this country. - This battery is out of order. - Is there a mechanic to help me? - Use the indicators!

Cnd comparm substantive, superioritatea se exprim prin forma de comparativ precedat de articolul hotrt the. This is the cheaper of the two cars. - Dintre cele dou masini aceasta este mai ieftin. Is this the taller of the two buildings? - Dintre cele dou cldiri aceasta este mai nalt? Crestera sau descresterea progresiv se exprim prin utilizarea repetat a gradului comparativ al adjectivului sau adverbului, legate prin conjunctia and. The car moved faster and faster. Petrol is becoming more and more expensive. They talked less and less quietly. Ei devin din ce n ce mai bogati. Dintre cei doi bieti el este mai mare. Ei au vorbit din ce n ce mai tare. Dintre cele dou ntrebri aceasta este mai dificil. - Masina mergea din ce n ce mai repede. - Benzina e din ce n ce mai scump. - Ei au vorbit din ce n ce mai tare. - They are becoming richer and richer. - He is the older of the two boys. - They were talking loudlier and loudlier. - This is the more difficult question of the two.

spare - de rezerv,suplimentar reliable - demn de ncredere,sigur left - stng ,din stnga rear - spate,dos, din spate broken - sfrmat, spart, stricat front - partea din fat,de dinainte,fat economical -economicos, econom Poti s-mi dai cauciucul tu de rezerv? - Can you give me your spare tyre? Masinile devin din ce n ce mai sigure. - Cars are becoming more and more reliable. Toate farfuriile erau sparte. - All the plates were broken. E ceva n ochiul lui stng. - There is something in his left eye. Care este cea mai economicoas masin? - Which is the most economical car? Cauciucul din spate dreapta e din ce n ce mai prost.- The right rear tyre is getting worse and worse. Farurile din fat nu functioneaz. - The front lights are out of order. n unele situatii verbul auxiliar to do se foloseste si n propozitii afirmative pentru a accentua o afirmatie sau verbul principal. n aceste situatii verbul auxiliar va fi accentuat. Do come and visit me! -Vino si viziteaz-m (insist)! Do sit down! - Stai jos (dac ti spun)! I can tell you that he does work. -Pot s-ti spun c el lucreaz(ntr-adevr). Do listen to me! -Ascult-m! n limba romn aceast accentuare a verbului principal se red prin cuvintele:ntr-adevr;trebuie;neaprat. Ia masa cu noi! - Do have dinner with us! El a citit aceast carte.- He did read this book. Ea a nvtat mult. - She did learn a lot. Ajut-m! - Do help me! to fill up - a umple,a ocupa,a completa to repair - a repara,a ndrepta to accelerate - a accelera Formele verbului to overtake: overtake to check -a controla,a verifica to brake -a frna to overtake -a ajunge din urm;a depsi overtook overtaken

Masina lui este reparat ntodeauna de acelasi mecanic.- His car is always repaired by the same mechanic. Cine a fcut plinul? - Who has filled it up?
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El ncearc s o depseasc. Indicatoarele au fost verificate de ctre mine. Accelereaz frumos. Ai frnat vreodat pe un drum alunecos?

- He is trying to overtake her. - The indicators have been checked by me. - It accelerates beautifully. - Have you ever braked on a slippery road?

Verbul to do se foloseste n urmtoarele cazuri: 1. Pentru a evita repetarea verbului principal al propozitiei, cu exceptia verbelor to be, to have si a verbelor auxiliare modale. She works as hard as you do. - Munceste la fel de mult ca si tine. He writes as beautifully as his father did. - Scrie la fel de frumos ca si tatl lui. Who knows this man? I do. - Cine-l cunoaste pe acest om? Eu (l cunosc). 2. Cu ajutorul lui, ne putem referi la verbul mentionat anterior: I asked him to repair the car and he did so. - L-am rugat s repare masina si el a fcut-o (a reparat-o). We told them to leave quietly and they did so. - Le-am spus s plece n liniste si asa au fcut. She told him to wait but he didnt. - Ea i-a spus s astepte dar el nu a asteptat. Aceast inventie este interesant. Aceast sarcin este (una) dificil. Filmul a fost foarte dezamgitor pentru mine. Am vizitat multe tri strine, dar Danemarca a fost cea mai frumoas. Slujba mea devine din ce n ce mai obositoare. El a vzut multe filme, dar nu i-au plcut numai cele englezesti. L-am rugat s vin cu mine la teatru si a venit. El se misc mai ncet dect tine. Aceast situatie este (una) ngrijortoare. Lupta lui a fost (una) inutil. Motoarele devin din ce n ce mai economicoase. Ea depseste tot att de multe masini ca si tine. Acest mecanic este (unul) de ncredere. Care dintre cauciucurile din fat este mai vechi? L-am rugat s astepte masina de depanare auto si asa a fcut. Ai schimbat cauciucurile din fat, dar care e situatia cu cele din spate? - This invention is exciting. - This task is a difficult one. - The film was very disappointing for me. - I visited many foreign countries, but Denmark was the most beautiful one. - My job is getting more and more tiring. - He saw many films but he only liked the English ones. - I asked him to go to the theatre with me and he did so. - He moves more quietly than you do. - This situation is an alarming one. - His struggle was a useless one. - The engines are getting more and more economical. - She overtakes as many cars as you do. - This mechanic is a reliable one. - Which is the older of the front tyres? - I asked him to wait for the breakdown van and he did so. - You have changed the front tyres, but what About the rear ones?

Lectia 22
account cont,factur,not de plat balance balant,bilant,echilibru,sold withdrawal retragere, ridicare de bani rate of interest rata dobnzii, dobnd Rata dobnzii creste. Pantru ce este acest formular? Azi voi ridica banii. De ct timp ai un cont? I-am dat un cec. Aceasta este prima mea depunere. Unde este bilantul? Avem nevoie de mai multe informatii. Avem nevoie de acest mprumut. Aceasta este ultima rat. El vrea s schimbe aceste monede. instalment - rat, plat n rate deposit - depozit, depunere information - informatii form - formular cheque - cec loan - mprumut coin - moned

- The rate of interest is rising. - What is this form for? - I will make a withdrawal today. - How long have you had an account? - I gave him a cheque. - This is my first deposit. - Where is the balance? - We need more information. - We need this loan. - This is the last instalment. - He wants to change these coins.
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n limba englez exist mai multe substantive care nu au plural; ele sunt urmate de un verb la persoana a III-a singular. n limba romn unele se traduc la singular, altele la plural. business - afacere, treab strength - putere, fort, trie furniture - mobil, mobilier property - proprietate, avere revenue - venit, n special din impozit news - stire, noutate, veste/stiri, noutti, vesti progress - progres merchandise - marf information - informatii

to cash - a ridica o sum, a plti n numerar to borrow - a mprumuta, a da cu mprumut to fill in - a completa (un formular, chestionar) to call (to) - a chema, a striga, a denumi, a boteza withdraw - a retrage,a lua napoi,a scoate,a ridica bani to lend - a mprumuta, a da cu mprumut [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] to learn - a nvta, a afla [l:rn] learnt [l:rnt] learnt [l:rnt] withdraw [uiDzdro:] withdrew [uiDzdru:] withdrawn [uiDzdro:n] Vrei s depui multi bani? nc nu l-ai completat. Noi am mprumutat multi bani de la el. Ai nvtat cum se repar asta? Ce ti-a strigat? Completati, v rog, acest formular pentru ridicarea banilor. Ai ncasat deja acest cec? Cu ct te-a mprumutat? - Do you want to deposit much? - You havent filled it in yet. - We have borrowed a lot of money from him. - Have you learnt how to repair it? - What did she call to you? - Fill in this form to withdraw money, please. - Have you cashed this cheque already? - How much did he lend you?

Forma verbului cu terminatia ing desemneaz substantivul format din verb. n propozitii ea are roluri specifice substantivului dar si pstreaz caracterul verbal, datorit faptului c cere prepozitiile si cazurile specifice formei de baz a verbului. n limba englez aceast form a verbului se numeste gerund; n limba romn ea se traduce printr-un substantiv sau un verb la infinitiv. Smoking is bad for you. - Fumatul este duntor (pentru dvs). Is flying dangerous? - Zborul este periculos? Before leaving he wrote a short letter. - naintea de a pleca el a scris o scrisoare scurt. You can learning something by doing it. - Poti s nveti ceva fcnd (asta). Ca orice substantiv gerunziul poate s apar n propozitii ca: 1. Subiect: Walking in the woods is nice. - Plimbarea n pdure este plcut. Eating too much is not good for you. - A mnca prea mult nu-ti face bine. 2. Dup prepozitii : They talked about going to the cinema. - Au vorbit despre faptul c merg la cinema. What do you think about buying a dog? - Ce prere ai despre cumprarea unui cine? A te iuta la TV poate fi obositor. Nu-mi place s sterg pe jos. Solicitarea unui loc de munc este epuizant. Ne gndim s concediem 10 angajati. prepared pregtit, gata (de,s) previous anterior, prealabil, precedent Esti sigur c ai un cont aici? Ultima mea depunere a fost mic. Esti pregtit s pltesti n numerar? Acest mprumut este foarte riscant. Cecurile sunt mai sigure dect bancnotele. Soldul actual este foarte sczut. - Watching TV can be tiring. - I dont like dusting the floors. - Applying for a job is exhausting. - We are thinking about firing ten employees. risky - riscant, periculos safe - sigur, lipsit de pricol

present - prezent, actual sure - sigur, convins

- Are you sure you have an account here? - My previous deposit was small. - Are you prepared to pay cash? - This loan is very risky. - Cheques are safer than bills. - The present balance is very low.
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Dac substantivul este precedat de un numeral, altul dect unu, atunci substantivul este la plural: We waited for one and a half hours. - Am asteptat o or si jumtate. They have lived here for three years. - Locuiesc aici de trei ani. Dac substantivul are semnificatie de plural atunci trebuie s fie la plural: In that accident they lost their lives. - n acel accident si-au pierdut viata. We all drove our own cars. - Fiecare si-a condus masina. We all bought our own tickets. - Noi toti ne-am cumprat biletele proprii. Forma de gerunziu se foloseste n urmtoarele cazuri: 1. Dup anumite verbe: They stopped working after a few hours. - Ei au ncetat lucrul dup cteva ore. Do you like swimming? - ti place s noti? (notul) 2. Cu urmtoarele expresii: it is no use nefolositor, fr rost, nu are rost; it is worth (care) merit It is no use talking to him. Nu are rost s vorbim cu el. The book is worth reading. Lor le place s bea cafea? Aceast masin merit s fie cumprat. Nu are rost s iei asta acum. El tocmai s-a oprit din scris. Dup completarea formularelor am primit banii. Aceste informatii sunt demne de ncredere. Noi toti am folosit bicicletele proprii. Esti sigur c este riscant s le mprumutm bani? Poti face asta vnznd proprietatea ta. Am avut un cont aici timp de 10 ani. El a ncasat cecul n urm cu o lun si jumtate. - Do they like drinking coffee? - This car is worth buying. - Its no use taking it now. - He has just stopped writing. - After filling in the forms we got the money. - This information is reliable. - We all used our own bicycles. - Are you sure that lending them money is risky? - You can do it by selling your property. - I have had an account here for ten years. - He cashed the cheque one and a half months ago.

Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal: Seara trecut noi am vzut o pies emotionant. Ultima scen a fost una remarcabil. Cteva inventii sunt nefolositoare. Nu toate filmele sunt interesante. Dar mie mi plac cele bune. Tu te uiti la mai multe filme dect mine. L-am rugat pe macanic s verifice motorul si el a fcut-o. As putea s-l depsesc usor. Masinile strine devin din ce n ce mai ieftine. Dintre cei 2 bieti el l ntreb pe cel mai mare unde este banca. El nu ne-a putut da informatiile necesare. Ei au fcut plinul n grab. Este un motor foarte economic. Esti sigur c acumulatorul nu functioneaz? Este mai sigur s nu accelerezi prea mult. Am vzut un politist prin geamul din spate. nainte s repare frna el a verificat indicatoarele. Nu este greu s schimbi un cauciuc. El a ales o masin strin. Noi le-am mprumutat niste ulei. Esti gata s ajuti un spion? Situatia este nc alarmant? Poti face asta nainte de a ncasa cecul? Camioanele trebuie s aib frne foarte bune. Ei pot face asta fr toate gesturile acestea. - We saw a moving play last night. - The last scene was a very remarkable one. - Some inventions are useless. - Not all films are exciting. - But I like the good ones. - You watch more films than I do. - I asked the mechanic to check the engine and he did so. - I could overtake him easily. - Foreign cars are getting cheaper and cheaper. - He is asking the older of the two boys where the bank is. - He could not give us the necessary information. - They filled up the car in a hurry. - It is a very economical engine. - Are you sure the battery is out of order? - It is safer not to accelerate too fast. - I saw a policeman through the rear window. - Before repairing the brake, he checked the indicators. - Changing a tyre is not difficult. - He has chosen a foreign car. - We have lent them some oil. - Are you prepared to help a spy? - Is the situation still alarming? - Can you do this before cashing the cheque? - Lorries must have very good brakes. - They can do it without making all these gestures.
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Vezi diferenta? Nu are rost s te ascunzi. Merit s cumprm un acumulator nou? A devenit din ce n ce mai riscant. Am rugat-o s ridice banii si ea a fcut-o. Am vrut s cumprm o masin si am ales-o pe cea economic. Dintre cele 2 cea ieftin este cea mai sigur. Controloaz neaprat si uleiul! Aceasta este ultima rat, dar cnd au fost cele anterioare? Este important s avem o roat de rezerv. Trebuie s alegem ntre a scoate bani si a-i mprumuta. ti poti vinde proprietatea. Ea s-a lsat de fumat sptmna trecut. Patru oameni si-au pierdut viata.

- Can you see what the difference is? - Its no use hiding. - It is worth buying a new battery? - It was getting riskier and riskier. - I asked her to withdraw money and she did so. - We wanted to buy a car and we chose the economical one. - The cheaper of the two is the more reliable one. - Do check the oil! - This is the last instalment, but when were the previous ones? - It is important to have a spare tyre. -We must choose between withdrawing money and borrowing it. - You can sell your property. - She gave up smoking last week. - Four people lost their lives.

Lectia 23
Oceanele sunt foarte mari. Aceast informatie provine dintr-o surs bun. Romnia are porturi moderne? Acest animal trieste pe uscat. Noi am petrecut o sptmn n regiunea aceea. Pmntul este foarte mare? Multe animale au nevoie de mare pentru a tri. Sunt doar ctiva munti n aceast tar. Acest canal este foarte ngust. Primvara valea Dunrii arat minunat. Continentul nostru se numeste Europa. Ei s-au dus la lac cu autobuzul. Acest ru este n Anglia? - Oceans are very big. - This information is from a good source. - Has Romania modern harbours? - This animal lives on the land. - We spent a week in that region. - Is the Earth very large? - Many animals need the sea to live. - There are few mountains in this country. - This canal is very narrow. - In spring the valley of the Danube looks beautiful. - Our continent is called Europe. - They went to the lake by bus. - Is this river in England?

Verbe dup care utilizarea gerunziului este obligatorie: to hate a ur, a dusmni to go on - a merge mai departe, a continua to finish a sfrsi, a termina to continue - a continua, a urma, a duce mai departe to prefer a prefera, a-i place (mai mult) to give up - a abandona, a renunta, a se lsa (de) Ea prefer s mearg cu trenul. Ei au continuat s vorbeasc. Ursc s m scol devreme. Au continuat nvtarea limbii engleze. Ai terminat de sters pe jos? Nu pot s renunt acum la cntat. main - principal, esential flat - plat, ntins, neted Oceanele nu sunt putin adnci. n acesti munti sunt vi ntinse. Locuim ntr-o regiune de cmpie. Acesta este canalul principal. Porturile trebuie s fie adnci. Romnia este o tar muntoas? - She prefers going by train. - They went on talking. - I hate getting up early. - They continued learning English. - Have you finished mopping the floor? - I cant give up singing now. deep - adnc shallow - putin adnc

mountainous - muntos, de munte vast - vast, foarte mare

- Oceans arent shallow. - There are vast valleys in these mountains. - We live in a flat region. - This is the main canal. - Harbours must be deep. - Is Romania a mountainous country?
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Verbul to have este verb principal cu semnificatia a avea, a poseda putnd fi nlocuit cu constructia to have got: She has got many books. Have you got anything for me? He hasnt got a car. Ei au 2 case. They have got two houses. Ai putin timp? Have you got any time? Ea nu are cine. She has got no dog. De ce nu ai perdele? Why havent you got any curtains?

to laugh at a rde de to throw a arunca, a azvrli to throw out a arunca, a scoate afar to steal a fura [sti:l] stole [stoul] stolen [stouln] to swim a nota [suim] swam [suEm] swum [suam] to lie a sta culcat, a zace [lai] lay [lei] lain [lein] to cost a costa [kost] cost [kost] cost [kost] to mean a nsemna, a avea de gnd [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] to throw [Tsrou] threw [Tsru:] thrown [Tsroun] Forma de gerunziu a verbului to lie este lying. Ct te-a costat? Trebuie s aruncm aceste lucruri. Ei mi-au furat toate instrumentele. De ce zace asta aici? Asta nseamn c totul e pierdut. Ai notat adesea n lac? Ea a aruncat cheile pe mas. - How much did it cost you? - We must throw out these things. - They stole all my tools. - Why is it lying here? - This means that everything is lost. - Did you often swim in the lake? - She threw the keys on the table.

Dup urmtoarele expresii folosirea gerunziului este obligatorie: Do you mind - Imi permiteti s, Sunteti att de amabil s There is no - Nu se I cant help - Nu pot s nu, Nu m pot abtine s This is like - Este la fel ca si Its no good - Este fr sens, Nu are rost s, Nu merit I dont mind...- Nu-mi pas,nu m deranjeaz Esti att de amabil s conduci masina? Nu m deranjeaz c scriu aceast scrisoare. Nu m pot abtine s cumpr crti noi. Nu se poate stii ce va face el.` Nu merit s-i spunem. - Do you mind driving the car? - I dont mind writing this letter. - I cant help buying new books. - There is no saying what he will do. - Its no good telling him about it.

Propozitia conditional de tipul 2 (conditionalul prezent) La modul conditional prezent, ndeplinirea conditiei este posibil dar realizarea consecintei este ireal. Structura conditionalului prezent este urmtoarea: propozitia principal se compune din would +forma a-1-a a verbului (infinitivul fr particula to) iar propozitia subordonat introdus de conjunctia if este la timpul trecut simplu (simple past). Cuvntul would este forma de trecut a verbului auxiliar will. If I had time I would come to you. - Dac as avea timp as veni la tine. She would write a letter if she had a pen. - Ea ar scrie o scrisoare dac ar avea un stilou. Dac ar costa mai putin as cumpra asta. Dac am avea bani am cina la restaurant. In locul tu m-as lsa de fumat. Romnia este n Europa. Acesta este cel mai nalt munte n America. Vrei s locuiesti n apropierea mrii? Acesta este cel mai mare uscat pe pmnt. Sunt o multime de canale n Anglia. Dac l-as ur,nu l-as vizita. Vreau s continui studiul. Cnd vei termina cina vom merge la lac. Prefer s not n ru. - If it cost less I would buy it. - If we had money we would have dinners at a restaurant - If I were you I would give up smoking. - Romania is in Europe. - This is the highest mountain in America. - Do you want to live near the see? - This is the largest land on the Earth. - There are a lot of canals in England. - If I hated him I would not visit him. - I want to continue learning. - When you finish dinner we will go to the lake. - I prefer swimming in the river.
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Crtile tale zac acum pe mas n camer. Ce vrei s spui? Nu are rost s cumperi mncruri scumpe. Esti att de amabil s te uiti la aceast pies? n locul tu ei nu i-as vorbi despre asta. Nu m pot abtine s nu rd. inhabitant - locuitor, locatar outskirts - periferie (a unui oras) town hall - primrie

- Your books are lying on the table in the room now. - What do you mean? - Its no good buying expensive food. - Do you mind watching this play? - If I were you,I would not tell her about it. - I cannot help laughing.

department store - magazin slums - cartier srac one-way street - strad cu sens unic noise - zgomot, glgie thoroughfare - arter principal de circulatie, strad principal - Are there many one-way streets here? - This is the main thoroughfare of this town. - London is a large city. - Do you often do chopping in this department store? - Is this town hall old? - The capital of Romania is Bucharest. - The inhabitants like to go to the mountains in summer. - There are no slums in this town. - There are few offices in the suburbs. - Children like going to the zoo. - The railway station is in the centre of the city. - I dont want to live in the outskirts. - What is that noise?

Sunt multe strzi cu sens unic? Aceasta este cea mai important strad principal a acestui oras. Londra este un oras mare. Faci des cumprturi n acest magazin? Este veche aceast primrie? Bucurestiul este capitala Romniei. Locuitorilor le place s mearg vara la munte. Nu sunt cartiere srccioase n acest oras. n suburbii sunt putine birouri. Copiilor le place s mearg la grdina zoologic. Gara este n centrul orasului. Ne vreau s locuiesc la periferia orasului. Ce este zgomotul acesta?

Dac propozitia interogativ care ncepe cu pronumele interogativ what se refer la subiect, atunci propozitia va avea structura obisnuit a propozitiei afirmative: What happened yesterday? - Ce s-a ntmplat ieri? What grows in your garden? - Ce creste n grdina ta? Dar dac what nseamn ce, ce fel, de, cum, sau apare ntr-un alt caz dect nominativul, atunci propozitia va avea structura invers a propozitiei interogative: What colour is the sea? Ce culoare are marea? What did you see then? Ce ai vzut atunci? What mountains do you like? Ce fel de munti ti plac? Ce trieste pe lun? - What lives on the moon? La ce masin se refer el? - What car does he mean? on foot - pe jos crowded - aglomerat deserted - prsit, pustiu, gol horrible - oribil, groaznic Ce scrii acum? - What are you writing now? Ce a lsat el? - What did he leave? impressive - impresionant industrial - industrial

Strzile orasului sunt deseori pustii. - The streets of the city are often deserted. Cnd este vremea frumoas merg ntotdeauna pe jos. - I always go on foot when the weather is nice. El a vzut ieri un accident groaznic. - He saw a horrible accident yesterday. Aceast primrie este impresionant. - This town hall is impressive. Aceast piat este ntotdeauna aglomerat. - This square is always crowded. Orasele industriale nu sunt frumoase. - Industrial towns are not beautiful. Pronumele what se foloseste si n propozitii exclamative care exprim sentimente si emotii: What a good film! What a beautiful building! What a nice people! What heat! Ce canicul! naintea substantivelor care au form de singular si plural se foloseste articolul nehotrt a/an la singular, dar nu se pune articol naintea acestor substantive dac ele sunt la plural. Tot asa nu se pune articol naintea substantivelor care au numai form de singular.
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Ce pantaloni frumosi! - What nice trousers! Ce masin rapid! - What a fast car!

Ce ntrebare dificil! - What a difficult question! Ce mere delicioase! - What delicious apples! to reach - a ajunge (pn) la,a atinge, a sosi (la) broke [brouk] forbade [forbeid] fed [fed] drew [dru:] broken [broukn] forbidden [forbidn] fed [fed] drawn [dro:n]

to cross a traversa,a strbate,a trece dintr-o parte n alta to depart a pleca, a porni, a pleca din to break a sparge, a sfrma, a rupe, a frnge [breik] to forbid a opri,a interzice,a mpiedica [forbid] to feed a hrni ( a alimenta) [fi:d] to draw a desena, a trasa, a trage [dro:] Ea si-a rupt bratul cnd a czut. Traversati strada doar pe trecerea pentru pietoni! Am hrnit animalele dup micul dejun. Ce ai desenat acolo? Ei au plecat la 7. Au ajuns la Londra? Printii mei mi interzic totul. Ei au continuat lucrul toat noaptea. Bicicleta acestui copil a fost furat. Te-ai lsat de fumat? Eu am 3 pisici. El prefer s mearg pe jos. Ce strzi aglomerate! Acum nu are rost s plecm. Nu se stie ce regiuni vom vizita. n grdinile zoo hrnirea animalelor este interzis. Nu m-am putut abtine s nu zmbesc cnd l-am vzut dup attia ani. El urste s locuiasc n acest oras industrial. Ce s-a ntmplat? Ce ai pierdut? Esti att de amabil s-mi mprumuti bani?

- She broke her arm when she fell. - Cross the street only at a zebra crossing! - I fed the animals after breakfast. - What have you drawn there? - They departed at seven. - Have they reached London? - My parents forbid me everything. - They went on working all night. - This childs bicycle has been stolen. - Have you given up smoking? - I have got three cats. - He prefers going on foot. - What crowded streets! - Its no good departing now. - There is no saying which regions we will visit. - In zoos feeding the animals is forbidde. - I could not help smiling when I saw him after many years. - He hates living in this industrial town. - What happened? - What did you lose? - Do you mind lending me money?

Lectia 24
village - sat, comun farmer - fermier, tran fertilizer - ngrsmnt artificial meadow - pajiste, cmpie field - cmp, ogor produce - produse agricole flour - fin wheat gru crop - recolt rye - secar soil - sol, pmnt

Nu am avut recolt bun 3 ani. Ei locuiesc n acest sat. Ogoarele din apropierea rului sunt bune. Secara creste repede? Este rou pe cmpii. Toti fratii mei sunt fermieri. ngrsmntul devine din ce n ce mai scump. Este bun pmntul n aceast regiune muntoas? Produsele de cas sunt cele mai bune. Ct fin trebuie s cumprm?

- We havent had a good crop for three years. - They live in this village. - The fields near the river are good. - Does rye grow fast? - There is dew on the meadows. - All my brothers are farmers. - Fertilizer is getting more and more expensive. - Is the soil good in this mountainous region? - Domestic produce is the best. - How much flour must we buy?

n propozitiile exclamative care exprim sentimente se foloseste des pronumele how cum, ce, ct de, care st de obicei lng un adjectiv sau un verb: How good of you to visit me! - Ct esti de bun c m vizitezi! How noisy these children are! How nice of them to help! - Ce drgut din partea lor c ne ajut!
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Dup constructia how+adjectiv, naintea subsatntivelor cu form de singular si plural aflate la singular, putem folosi articolul nehotrt a/an: How delicious an apple that was! Ce delicios a fost mrul acela! How nice a man he is! Ce om drgut este (el)! Ce drgut din partea ta c faci asta! Ce sptmn bun a fost aceasta! Ce frumoas era casa aceea! Ce minunate sunt aceste cmpii! in the country - la tar favourable - favorabil - How good of you to do it! - How good a week that was! - How nice a house it was! - How beautiful these meadows are! rural - rural, de tar,rustic holiday - zi de odihn, vacant

to make hay - a cosi/ a usca fnul abundant - abundent, mbelsugat, bogat

Azi este un vnt favorabil. - There is a favourable wind today. Aceste mprejurimi rurale sunt foarte linistite. - These rural surroundings are very quiet. Mi-am petrecut concediul acas. - I spent my holiday at home. Trebuie s cosim repede fnul. - We must make hay fast. Aceast recolt este mai bogat dect cea anterioar.- This crop is more abundant than the previous one. La tar nu este mult circulatie. - There is not much traffic in the country. Dac constructia which of care din/dintre st ntr-o propozitie interogativ care se refer la subiect, atunci propozitia va avea ordine direct a propozitiei afirmative. Which of you knows where my keys are? - Care dintre voi stie unde sunt cheile mele? Which of these employees works the best? - Care dintre acesti angajati lucreaz cel mai bine? Which of these dogs ran faster? - Care dintre acesti cini a alergat mai repede? Cnd ntrebarea nu se refer la subiect, structura propozitiei este invers, deci cea a propozitiei interogative: Which of them do you know? Which of those cars have you bought? Which of them have you recently met? Which of these houses do you like the best? Which of these rivers is the longest? Which of these books have you already read? to thresh a treiera to dig a spa, a face spturi to grind a mcina, a rsni - Pe care dintre ei l cunosti? - Dintre acele masini, pe care ai cumprat-o? - Cu care dintre ei te-ai ntlnit recent? - Care dintre aceste case ti place cel mai mult? - Care dintre aceste ruri este cel mai lung? - Pe care dintre aceste crti ai citit-o deja? to fertilize a fertiliza dug [dag] ground [graund]

to plough a ara (pmntul) [dig] dug [dag] [graind] ground [graund]

Pmntul trebuie fertilizat des. Am fost foarte ocupati cu aratul. Toti fermierii si treier secara proprie? Sparea cartofilor este o munc grea? Cnd grul este mcinat devine fin.

- Bad soil must often be fertilized. - We have been very busy ploughing. - Do all farmers thresh their own rye? - Is digging up potatoes hard work? - When wheat is ground, it becomes flour.

Pronumele who, which si pronumele relative whom, whose pot fi folosite n asa numitele propozitii subordonate relative sau atributive. Propozitia subordonat relativ d informatii necesare pentru identificarea subiectului: 1. Propozitia atributiv restrictiv d informatiile necesare pentru identificarea subiectului: Omul care a cauzat accidentul este grav rnit. - The man who caused the accident is seriously injured. Fr propozitia subordonat relativ nu am stii despre cine este vorba: Toti cei care au 18 ani, pot avea masin. - Everybody who is eighteen years old can have a car. Doar fina care a fost bine mcinat poate fi - Only flour which is well ground can be used to folosit pentru a face pine. make bread. Femeia care st n aproprierea acestui magazin - The woman who is standing near this shop
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este profesoara mea.

is my teacher.

n propozitia atributiv restrictiv n locul pronumelor who si which, putem folosi si pronumele that: Oamenii care cstig mult cheltuiesc mult. - People that earn a lot spend a lot. Brbatul pe care l-am vzut este prietenul meu. - The man whom we saw is my friend. Femeia a crei masin a fost furat acum - The woman whose car has been stolen trebuie s mearg pe jos. must walk now. Secara care a fost treierat ieri a fost deja vndut. - The rye which was threshed yesterday has already been sold. Copilul care alearg n grdin este al meu. - The child who is running in the garden is mine. 2. Propozitia subordonat atributiv poate fi si descriptiv. n acest caz d informatii suplimentare depre subiectul sau complementul propozitiei principale. Aceste informatii nu sunt necesare pentru identificarea subiectului sau complementului, de aceea propozitia secundar este plasat ntre 2 virgule: Fratele meu, care este mecanic, are 2 copii. - My brother, who is mechanic, has two children. n aceast propozitie subiectul este definit de la bun nceput (my brother), astfel restul informatiilor sunt suplimentare. Vecinul meu, a crui sotie a fost dus la spital, - My neighbour, whose wife has been taken to hospital, merge la ea acum. is going to her now. Cinele nostru, care are 3 ani, este negru. - Our dog, which has three years old, is black. Bicicleta lui, care st n strad, este foarte rapid. - His bicycle, which is standing in the street, is very fast. n propozitiile subordonate atributive descriptive nu putem folosi pronumele that. Nu uitati c pronumele who si whom se folosesc doar cnd ne referim la persoane! Care dintre voi este cel mai n vrst? Brbatul care vorbeste acum cu Peter lucreaz n biroul meu. Fiica mea, a crui sot este medic, tocmai si-a cumprat o cas. Cine stie unde este mama mea? Peter, pe care l-ai vzut ieri, este fermier. Recolta de anul trecut a fost mai bun. Copiii nostri, care sunt acum la Londra, nvat engleza. Brbatul care st acum n masina aceea este o persoan foarte important. mi place s fac afaceri cu oameni care sunt demni de ncredere. Ce ai pus pe mas? - Which of you is the oldest? - The man who/that is talking to Peter now works in my office. - My daughter, whose husband is doctor, has just bought a house. - Who nows where my mother is? - Peter, whom you saw yesterday, is a farmer. - The crop which we had last year was better. - Our children, who are in London now, learn English. - The man who is sitting in that car now is a very important person. - I like doing business with people who are reliable. - What have you put on the table?

Nu treceti mai departe pn nu rezolvati urmtorul exercitiu fr greseal: Am urt ntotdeauna s m scol devreme. - I always hated getting up early. El prefer s noate n lac. - He prefers swimming in the lake. Locuim la preiferia orasului. - We live in the outskirts. Tatl lui,care locuieste n provincie,are slujb n oras- His father,who lives in the country,has a job in town. Sunt multe canale care sunt strmte. - There are many canals which are narrow. Nu merit s vizitm aceast regiune de cmpie. - Its no good visiting this flat region. Ai cteva tigri pentru mine? - Have you got a few cigarettes for me? Ce tablou urt este acesta ? - How ugly a picture this is! Nu poti continua s interzici aceasta. - You cant go on forbidding it. Nu se poate sti de ct ngrsmnt vei avea nevoie. - There is no saying how much fertilizer you will need. Orasele care se afl n regiuni industriale sunt murdare- Towns which lie in an industrial region are dirty. Acest copil a desenat un cal. - This child has drawn a horse.
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Locuiesc ntr-o strad care deseori este pustie. - I live in a street which is often deserted. Sunt animale domestice n grdina zoologic? - Are there domestic animals in the zoo? Oamenii care locuiesc n suburbii sunt bogati. - People who live in the suburbs are rich. Magazinele mari sunt n centru. - The department stores are in the center. Esti att de drgut s hrnesti azi animalele? - Do you mind feeding the animals today? Muntii sunt impresionanti. - The mountains are very impressive. A costat mult? - Has it cost much? Pe care cmpii ai pus ngrsmintele? - On what fields have you thrown the fertilizer? Ce nseamn deplasarea pentru tine? - What does moving mean to you? Traversarea acestei strzi principale este periculoas- Crossing this thoroughfare is dangerous. Nu m deranjeaz s duc asta la primrie. - I dont mind taking it to the town hall. Oamenii care fur nu sunt demni de ncredere. - People who steal are not reliable. Secara si grul sunt produse agricole. - Rye and wheat are produce. Ai notat vreodat n acest canal? - Have you ever swum in this canal? Sunt prea multe strzi cu sens unic. - There are too many one-way streets. Acesti oameni, care sunt locuitorii satului nostru, - These people, who are the inhabitants of our village, au fost concediati. have been fired. Dac as avea mai mult timp, as merge la plimbare. - If I had more time I would go for a walk.

Lectia 25
barley - orz furrow - brazd plough - plug seed - smnt pasture - psune corn - cereale farmhand - muncitor agricol barn - hambar, sopron, sur grain - grunte, bob - We want to buy a modern plough. - This corn is from that field. - The furrows must be wide enough. - Is barley expensive this year? - The grains are ground into flour. - Has this farmhand worked here for a long time? - Do people earn much in agriculture? - The cows are in the pasture. - This tractor is often out of order. - The seeds are thrown into the furrows. - In September our barn is full.

Vrem s cumprm un plug modern. Acest gru este de pe acel ogor. Brazdele trebuie s fie suficient de largi. Orzul este scump anul acesta? Gruntele sunt mcinate pentru fin. Acest agricultor lucreaz de multi ani aici? Cstig mult oamenii n agricultur? Vacile sunt pe psune. Acest tractor este adesea defect. Semintele se pun n brazde. n septembrie hambarul nostru este plin.

n locul verbului auxiliar must trebuie, a fi obligat care exprim o obligatie, o necesitate n anumite cazuri se foloseste constructia to have to. Constructia to have to nu este un verb auxiliar modal. She has to drink less coffee. - Ea trebuie s bea mai putin cafea. Do you have to work today? - Trebuie s lucrezi azi? I wont have to go there tomorrow. - Nu va trebui s merg acolo mine. Verbul auxiliar must poate fi folosit doar la timpul prezent! La timpul trecut si viitor n locul lui se foloseste constructia to have to. Ieri a trebuit s repar robinetul. Cnd va trebui s termini lucrul? Nu trebuie s mcinm gru azi. Ea trebuie s duc vacile pe cp. Ce va trebui s scriu mine? agricultural - agricol fertile - fertil, rodnic - I had to repair the tap yesterday. - When will you have to finish work? - We dont have to grind wheat today. - She has to take the cows to the pasture. - What will I have to write tomorrow? interesting - interesant healthy - sntos

regularly - (n mod) regulat/obisnuit except - cu exceptia, n afar de

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Aceste vaci nu sunt sntoase. Mergem n mod regulat la meciul de fotbal. Este posibil s vinzi aceste bilete? Putem veni toti cu exceptia lui Mark. Satul nostru se afl ntr-o vale fertil. Citesc ntotdeauna stirile agricole n ziar.

- These cows are not healthy. - We regularly go to a football match. - Is it possible to sell these tickets? - We can all come, except Mark. - Our village lies in a fertile valley. - I always read the agricultural news in the newspaper.

Vorbirea indirect se foloseste de obicei atunci cnd citm pe cineva. I like coffee said John. - mi place cafeaua a spus John. John said he liked coffee. - John a spus c i place cafeaua. She is cooking dinner said Peter. - Ea pregteste cina a spus Peter. Peter said she was cooking dinner. - Peter a spus c ea pregteste cina. Structura vorbirii indirecte este urmtoarea: dac verbul propozitiei principale (John said) este la timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect) atunci timpul verbului din propozitia secundar, care contine citatul, se schimb conform regulii de concordant a timpurilor: Simple Present ---------------- Simple Past Present Continuous ---------------- Past Continuous He told me he grew all kinds of corn. Propozitia citat a fost I grow all kinds of corn. - El mi-a spus c cultiv toate soiurile de grne.

n propozitia principal verbul se afl cel mai des la timpul trecut simplu. El mi-a spus c este obosit. Jane a spus c scrie o scrisoare. Mama mi-a spus c nu are bani. Cine a spus c nu le place s lucreze? to store - a tine, a depozita to harvest - a recolta, a secera to sow - a semna, a nsmnta - He told me he was tired. - Jane said she was writing a letter. - Mother said she had no money. - Who said they didnt like working? to graze - a paste, a duce la pscut to fail - a nu reusi (la, n), a cdea sowed [soud] sown [soun] to milk - a mulge

Ai recoltat mult secar anul acesta? - Have you harvested much rye this year? Au muls vacile foarte regulat. - They milked the cows very regularly. El nu a reusit s se ntoarc la timp. - He has failed to return in time. Noi am semnat orzul ieri. - We sowed the barley yesterday. L-ai depozitat n hambar? - Have you stored it in a barn? Vacile au pscut ntotdeauna pasnic n apropierea rului-The cows always grazed quietly near the river. Cu ajutorul timpului prezent continuu se exprim si atitudinea critic (nerbdare, suprare) n legtur cu o activitate sau un eveniment. Complementul de timp utilizat n acest caz este always cu semnificatia de (n)totdeauna, vesnic, mereu: He is always forbidding me watching TV! - mi interzice ntotdeauna s m uit la TV! She is always smoking cigarettes! - Ea fumeaz mereu. Ei m refuz ntotdeauna! El citeste mereu ziarele! Ei vorbesc mereu despre cai! Tatl meu bea ntotdeauna doar cafea! country lane - drum de tar cattle - vite, bovine dairy produce - produse lactate cattle farming - cresctorie de vite - They are always refusing me! - He is always reading newspapers! - They are always talking about horses! - My father is always drinking only coffee! crow - cioar hedge - gard viu rat - sobolan scarecrow - sperietoare dairy - lptrie rodent - roztoare arable farming - cultivarea plantelor
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Ce culoare are cioara? n satul nostru este o lptrie. Sunt multe ferme mixte n aceast regiune. ti plac produsele lactate? Ne-am plimbat pe un drum de tar. Lui nu-i place s cultive plante. Gardurile vii nu sunt foarte nalte. Nu are rost s folosim sperietori. Stii ce sunt roztoarele? Ne-am vndut anul trecut anul vitele. Este imposibil s crestem vite aici. Am prins un sobolan.

- What colour is a crow? - There is a village in our village. - There is a lot of mixed farming in this region. - Do you like dairy produce? - We were walking in a country lane. - He doesnt like arable farming. - The hedges are not very high. - Its no use having a scarecrow. - Do you know what rodents are? - We sold our cattle last year. - Cattle farming is not possible here. - I have caught a rat. it - itself they - themselves

Pronumele reflexiv se foloseste atunci cnd facem o trimitere la subiect. I - myself you - yourself he - himself we - ourselves you - yourselves she - herself He hurt himself. They offered themselves for this job. I cant see myself in this mirror. Look at yourself! Mi-am cumprat o masin. Ea si-a clcat o bluz. M-am rnit. Asta nu-i va rni pe ei, ci pe tine nsuti!

- S-a rnit (el nsusi). - S-au oferit (ei nsisi) pentru aceast munc. - Nu m pot vedea n aceast oglind. - Priveste-te! - I have bought a car for myself. - She ironed a blouse for herself. - I have hurt myself. - This will not hurt them, but yourself!

Regulile de concordant ale timpurilor n cazul trecutului simplu si al prezentului perfect n vorbirea indirect sunt: Simple Past -------------- Past Perfect Present Perfect -------------- Past Perfect John said I have never seen a scarecrow. Mary told me I was there three years ago. - John said he had never seen a scarecrow. - Mary told me she had been there 3 years before.

n vorbirea indirect n locul adverbului ago se foloseste adverbul before! Peter a spus c nu a vzut acel film. Am auzit ieri c ei nu s-au ntors acas. Ion a spus c nu l-a cunoscut pe omul acela. Maria a citit c administratia acestei fabrici nu a concediat muncitorii. of course - binenteles,desigur,fireste along - de-a lungul, n lungul Strzile nu sunt nc uscate. Ce creste bine de-a lungul drumurilor? Ce este mai rentabil, cultivarea plantelor sau cresterea vitelor? Roztoarele sunt foarte duntoare. Care este cea mai umed lun a anului? Binentels c el poate conduce o masin. - Peter said he hadnt watched that film. - I heard yesterday they hadnt returned yet. - John said he hadnt known that man. - Mary read that the management of this factory hadnt fired the labourers. wet - ud,umed,ploios dry - uscat profitable - profitabil,rentabil harmful - duntor, ru

- The streets are not dry yet. - What grows well along the roads? - Which is more profitable, arable farming or cattle farming? - Rodents are very harmful. - Which is the wettest month of the year? - Of course he can drive a car.
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to scare - a speria,a ngrozi,a nspimnta to yield - a produce,a da, a rezulta,a ceda to set - a pune, a aseza, a situa [set] to shear - a tunde [sir] Ei au tuns oile ntr-o zi nsorit. Noi am pus ieri cartofii. Sperietoarea nu sperie psrile. Cerealele s-au uscat bine. Trebuie s pui asta lng fereastr. El a uitat s acopere mncarea.

to plant - a planta, a sdi to cover - a acoperi,a nveli set sheared [sird]

to dry - a usca set shorn [so:rn]

- They sheared the sheep on a sunny day. - We planted the potatoes yesterday. - The scarecrow doesnt scare the birds. - The corn dried well. - You must set it next to the window. - He forgot about covering the food.

n vorbirea indirect verbul auxiliar will,folosit la formarea timpul viitor simplu are forma de trecut would. She said I will not go there. - She said she would not go there. John said I will have dinner at seven. - John said he would have dinner at seven. Peter a spus c va fi acolo. - Peter said he would be there. Mama a spus c vom sdi rosiile n pmntul acela. - Mother said we would plant tomatoes in that field. Mine va trebui s semnm grul. - Tomorrow we will have to sow wheat. Tata a spus c este sntos. - Father said he was healthy. Ai muls deja toate vacile? - Have you milked all the cows yet? Ea pstreaz ntotdeauna ziarele vechi! - She is always storing old newspapers! El a spus c roztoarele au mncat toat secara. - He said rodents had eaten all the rye. Priveste-te! - Look at yourself! El a spus c a vzut-o acum dou sptmni. - He said he had seen her two weeks before. Mine vom secera. - We are harvesting tomorrow. Unde vom depozita orzul? - Where will we store the barley? Ei vorbesc mereu despre masinile lor rapide. - They are always talking about their fast cars. Grul nu poate fi arat nc. - The corn cannot be harvested yet. Doar pmnturile fertile vor da o recolt mare. - Only the fertile fields will yield much. Vitele pasc pe psune. - The cattle grazed in the pastures. n hambarul nostru sunt sobolani. - There are rats in our barn. Roztoarele mnnc grunte de cereale. - Rodents eat grains of corn. mi place s m plimb de-a lungul drumurilor de tar- I like walking along the country lanes. Este lptrie n satul vostru? - Is there a dairy in your village? Binenteles c am tuns deja oile. - Of course we have shorn the sheep already.

Lectia 26
frost - ger, nghet thunder tunet ditch - sant, canal dawn - zori heat-wave - val de cldur shelter - adpost,refugiu twilight - amurg, crepuscul distance - distant, deprtare rainbow - curcubeu hailstone - grindin lightning - fulger sunset - apus de soare

A fost putin nghet iarna aceea. Tunetul a speriat copiii. Unele apusuri de soare sunt minunate. Noi am gsit adpost pe timpul furtunii. mi plac zorile. Ce animale triesc n canale? Noi nu am vzut fulgerul. Valurile de cldur nu sunt dese. Curcubeul apare adesea n ploile torentiale. Ce distant este ntre cele dou sate? Nu ne-am ntlnit cu nimeni n amurg.

- There was little frost that winter. - The thunder scared the children. - Some sunset are beautiful. - We found a shelter during the thunderstorm. - I like the dawn. - What animals live in the ditches? - We didnt see the lightning. - Heat-waves dont often happen. - There is often a rainbow after a showet. - What is the distance between the two villages? - We met nobody in the twilight.
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Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves pierd caracterul reflexiv, dac le folosim pentru accentuarea altor substantive sau adverbe. n aceste cazuri le numim pronume de ntrire: I myself have given it to you. - Eu nsumi ti l-am dat. You have done it yourself. - Tu nsuti ai fcut-o. We shall plough the fields ourselves. - Noi nsine ne vom ara pmnturile. He has heard it from the doctor himself. - El a auzit asta chiar de la doctor. n aceste cazuri pronumele poate s stea la mijlocul sau la sfrsitul propozitiei, fr a-si pierde caracterul de ntrire: You yourself have done it. sau You have done it yourself. mild - blnd, blajin, moderat raw - crud, nefiert, aspru gloomy - ntunecos, sumbru unsettled - variabil, schimbtor cool - rcoros piercing - ptrunztor,ascutit

n luna martie vremea a fost mai blnd dect n mai- March was milder than May. Este un om sumbru. - He is a gloomy man. Nu-mi place acest frig ptrunztor. - I dont like this piercing cold. n aceast tar vremea este de obicei schimbtoare. - In this country the weather is usually unsettled. Noi a trebuit s lucrm n vntul acela aspru. - We had to work in the raw wind. Lucrm mai bine atunci cnd este rcoare. - We can work better when it is cool. Pentru unii oameni o sptmn poate fi interminabil- To some people a week can be endless. Un alt caz de folosire a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past). Forma de trecut a verbului se foloseste pentru descrierea ipotezelor, dorintelor n acele propozitii secundare precedate de urmtoarele cuvinte si expresii: it is time - este timpul I wish - as dori , as vrea (s fie ) if - dac, presupunnd c if only - ct de bine ar fi, as dori mult (nu se traduce) suppose - s presupunem fancy - a-si imagina, a-si nchipui imagine - a-si imagina, a-si nchipui it would be better if ar fi mai bine dac n aceste propozitii secundare se foloseste doar o singur form a verbului to be, forma de trecut were. As vrea s stiu ce s fac. Este timpul s-ti scrie o scrisoare. nchipuieste-ti c aceast cas ar fi a mea. De-ar conduce mai repede! S presupunem c ne oprim aici. Imagineaz-ti c Ion ar fi un bun conductor auto. Ar fi mai bine dac ei nu si-ar lua cine. - I wish I knew what to do. - It is time he wrote a letter to you. - Fancy if this house were mine. - If only he drove faster! - Suppose we stopped here. - Imagine if John were a good driver. - It would be better if they didnt buy a dog.

to shiver - a tremura,a drdi (de frig) to damage - a deteriora,a strica,a distruge to seem - a prea, a da impresia to suffer - a suferi to rumble a bubui to die - a muri Forma de gerund a verbului to die este dying. Cine ne-a stricat masina noaptea trecut? Pn acum prea a fi nefolositor. Noi am tremurat n frigul ptrunztor. Ei au suferit de prea mult vreme deja. Ea a murit ntr-un accident. - Who damaged our car last night? - It has seemed useless so far. - We shivered in the piercing cold. - They have suffered too long already. - She died in an accident.

Pronumele that poate introduce propozitia secundar relativ restrictiv. n cazul propozitiei secundare restrictive n locul pronumelui which se foloseste n mod obligatoriu acest pronume. n multe cazuri pronumele that poate fi omis: 1. Dup superlative: It is the best film (that) I have seen. - Este cel mai bun film pe care l-am vzut.
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He bought the cheapest bicycle (that) - El a cumprat cea mai ieftin biciclet pe care they showed him. i-au artat-o. These are the highest wages (that) they pay. - Acestea sunt cele mai ridicate salarii pe care le pltesc This is the fastest plane (that) I have ever seen. - Acesta este cel mai rapid avion pe care l-am vzut vreodat. 2. Dup urmtoarele cuvinte englezesti: everything, anything, something, nothing, few, little, much. Dup all dac acesta se refer la obiect. Everything (that)you see is his. - Tot ceea ce vezi, este al lui. This is something (that) I dont understand. - Acesta este ceva ce nu nteleg. Is there anything (that) I have forgotten? - Este ceva ce am uitat? These is little (that) I can do for you. - Este putin ceea ce pot face pentru tine. All (that) we have bought is in the kitchen. - Tot ceea ce am cumprat este n buctrie. 3. Dup adjectivele any si only: Is there any information (that) you can give me? - Este vreo informatie pe care mi-o poti da? This is the only news (that) I have heard. - Este singura stire pe care am auzit-o. Este rul cel mai lat pe care l-am vzut vreodat. - This is the widest river (that) I have ever seen. Nu au nimic care ar merita acei bani. - They have nothing that is worth the money. Este ceva ce ar trebui s stiu? - Is there anything (that) I must know? Ai vreo carte pe care as putea s o iau? - Have you any books (that) I can take? El nsusi vrea s o fac. - He wants to do it himself. Voi face tot ce este necesar. - I will do everything that is necessary. Este timpul s lucrezi mai din greu. - It is time you worked a little harder. Vreau s semn orz. - I want to sow barley. Singurul lucru care a fost deteriorat a fost bicicleta mea- The only thing that was damaged was my bicycle De n-ar fi vremea att de sumbr! - If only the weather werent so gloomy! Ei nsisi au vzut grindina. - They have see hailstones themselves. A fost cel mai lung val de cldur pe care - This was the longest heat-wave (that) l-am avut vreodat. we have ever had. Va fi rcoare la noapte. - It will be cool tonight. As vrea s nu tremur att! - I wish I didnt shiver so! As vrea ca vremea s nu fie schimbtoare. - I wish the weather were not unsettled. Nu a fost mult ce am putut vedea n amurg. - There was not much that we could see in the twilight. Recapitulare final: Nu poate fi adevrat ce spui. - What you say cannot be true. Mine plecm la Madrid. - We are leaving for Madrid tomorrow. Ei nsisi au plantat acesti cartofi. - They planted these potatoes themselves. El vorbeste mereu despre masina lui rapid. - He is always talking about his fast car. Acesta este ceva ce nu am vzut niciodat pn acum- This is something that I have never seen before. Cine citeste crti va nvta mult. - Who reads books will learn much. El m duce acas cu masina. - He is driving me home tonight. De s-ar schimba vremea! - If only the weather changed! Ei s-au oferit (singuri) s recolteze secara. - They offered themselves to harvest the rye. Cnd vrei s tunzi oile? - When do you want to shear the sheep? Am vzut eu nsumi asta. - I have seen it myself. Este singurul gru pe care l-au depozitat deja. - This is the only corn that has been stored already. Este cea mai blnd vreme pe care noi am avut-o - This is the mildest weather that we have had de mult timp. for a long time. Roztoarele mnnc multe cereale. - Rodents eat a lot of corn. Oamenii de la tar sunt cei mai sntosi? - Are country people the healthiest ones? Cresterea vitelor este nc rentabil? - Is cattle farming still profitable? Animalele cele mai duntoare - The most harmful animals that pe care le cunoastem sunt sobolanii. we know are rats.
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Vitele sufer de frigul aspru. - The cattle are suffering from the raw cold. Aceast psune este prea umed. - This pasture is too wet. Este ceva ce a fost deteriorat de grindin? - Is there anything that has been damaged by hailstones? De ce sunt garduri vii de-a lungul drumurilor de tar- Why are there hedges along the country lane? Multi oameni btrni au murit n timpul - Many old people died during the heat-wave. valului de cldur. Au fost tunse deja oile? - Have the sheep been shorn yet? Acesta este ceva ce nu pare a fi posibil. - This is something that doesnt seem to be possible. Acest cmp nu a dat nimic ce poate fi vndut. - This field has yielded nothing that can be sold. Noi am auzit bubuitul tunetului n deprtare. - We heard the thunder rumbling in the distance. Ei au continuat s recolteze n amurg. - They went on harvesting in the twilight.

Lectia 27
crime - infractiune, crim fine - amend, penalizare thief, thieves hot, hoti pickpocket - hot de buzunare shoplifter - hot de magazine robbery - jaf, furt burglar - sprgtor burglary - furt cu spargere theft - furt

Cuvntul police este un substantiv colectiv, precedat ntotdeauna de articol hotrt the, iar predicatul propozitiei st la plural. Multi criminali nu sunt n nchisoare. Hotii pot fi periculosi. Furtul de masini este o infractiune serioas? Hotii de buzunare trebuie s fie foarte rapizi. Sprgtorul si-a rupt piciorul n casa noastr. Ieri a avut loc un jaf n apropierea oficiului postal. Cnd a avut loc spargerea aceea? Detinutii au stat mult timp n nchisoare. Politia caut doi oameni. Aceasta este mpotriva legii? A trebuit s pltim o amend. Hotul de magazine a fost prins, n timp ce prsea magazinul. - Many criminals are not in prison. - Thieves can be dangerous. - Is car theft a serious crime? - Pickpockets have to be very fast. - The burglar broke a leg in our house. - There was a robbery near the post-office yesterday. - When was that burglary? - The prisoners spent a long time in prison. - The police are looking for two people. - Is this against the low? - We had to pay a fine. - The shoplifter was caught when he was leaving the shop.

Al treilea tip al propozitiei conditionale este trecutul conditional (III Conditional) care se refer la trecut, deci conditia nu mai poate fi ndeplinit. Propozitia conditional se afl la timpul Past Perfect, iar n propozitia subordonat apare constructia: would + have + forma a III-a a verbului principal If the burglar hadnt been caught we would have lost a lot of money. I would have had time to do it if you had told me yesterday. - Dac sprgtorul nu ar fi fost prins, pierdem multi bani. - As fi avut timp s o fac, dac mi spuneai ieri.

El nu ar fi ajuns la nchisoare, dac nu ar fi furat - If he hadnt stolen this book then aceast carte. he would not have gone to prison. Dac noi coseam fnul mai devreme, l-am fi vndut.- If we had made hay earlier, we would have sold it. As fi mers cu tine la cinematograf, - I would have gone to the cinema with you yesterday, dac as fi avut timp. if I had had time. Mi-ar fi vorbit despre acel lucru, - He would have told me about it earlier dac ar fi stiut mai devreme. if he had known. Ce ai fi fcut dac te concediau atunci? - What would you have done if they had fired you then?

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Verbele would si could sunt verbe auxiliare, de aceea propozitia interogativ n cazul lor se formeaz prin inversiune: Could you leave yesterday? - Ai putut pleca ieri? What would you do if you were rich? - Ce ai face dac ai fi bogat? Formele negative ale verbelor auxiliare de mai sus sunt: could not couldnt would not wouldnt

They couldnt see us there. - Nu puteau s ne vad acolo. My mother wouldnt pay for this if she hadnt money. - Mama mea nu ar plti astea, dac nu ar avea bani. innocent - inocent, nevinovat brutal - brutal, crud obviously - (n mod) evident outrageous - imoral, revolttor guilty - vinovat

Ai auzit vreodat despre aceast crim revolttoare? - Have you ever heard of this outrageous crime? Este posibil c ea este vinovat? - Is it possible that she is guilty? Brbatul prea s fie nevinovat. - The man seemed to be innocent. Evident, ei au auzit stirile. - They have obviously heard the news. Crimele brutale apar n mod regulat la stiri. - Brutal crimes are regularly in the news. Ordinea n propozitia indirect interogativ este identic cu cea din propozitia afirmativ. n cazul ntrebrii decizionale (da/nu) propozitia secundar care urmeaz dup propozitia principal este introdus prin prepozitia if. n cazul propozitiei interogative complementare pronumele interogativ rmne neschimbat. Nu uitati timpul varbelor se schimb! John asked Are you at home? Peter asked When were you in England? Mary asked Where is he going? Jane asked Who has taught her how to swim? - John asked if I were home. - Peter asked when I had been in England. - Mary asked where he was going. - Jane asked who had taught her how to swim.

Peter a ntrebat dac legea interzice acel lucru. - Peter asked if the law forbade it. Mary a ntrebat cnd l-a prins politia pe hot. - Mary asked when the police had caught the thief. Ion a ntrebat dac hotii de buzunare sunt infractori. - John asked if pickpockets were criminals. Jane a ntrebat unde vrem s mergem. - Jane asked where we wanted to go. Peter a ntrebat cte spargeri au avut loc - Peter asked how many burglaries there had been n acest oras. in this city. to arrest - a aresta, a pune sub interdictie fura to prosecute - a institui/a intenta (un) proces to confess - a mrturisi, a recunoaste Vecinul lui a comis un furt. Cine a fost arestat? Ieri cinci oameni l-au jefuit pe bcan. Fereste-te de strzile ntunecoase! De ce nu li s-a intentat proces? El si-a recunoscut toate infractiunile. Cine i-a condamnat? to commit - a comite to rob - a jefui,a

to beware of - a se feri, a se pzi to sentence (to) - a condamna - His neighbour commited a theft. - Who has been arrested? - Five men robbed the grocers yesterday. - Beware of dark streets! - Why havent they been prosecuted? - He confessed to all his crimes. - Who has sentenced them?

El m-a ntrebat cnd l vor condamna. - He asked me when they would sentence him. Dac as fi stiut mai devreme, nu m-as fi ntors acas- If I had known earlier I would not have returned home. Stii c fratelui nostru i s-a intentat un proces? - Do you known our brother was prosecuted? El a fost arestat pentru c a comis o infractiune. - He was arrested because he commted a crime. Mary a ntrebat dac aceast ntmplare - Mary asked if this story was outrageous.
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a fost revolttoare. Au avut loc recent multe spargeri n mprejurimile noastre. Stii c legile noastre interzic furtul? Fereste-te de acest om brutal! I-au condamnat la cinci ani. Ea a mrturisit, dar a fost nevinovat! remorse - remuscare, cint ticket - bilet, proces verbal behaviour - purtare, comportament evidence - dovad, mrturie

- There have been a lot of burglar in our surroudings recently. - Do you known our law forbids theft? - Beware of this brutal man! - They sentenced them to five years! - She confessed but she was innocent.

death sentence - condamnare la moarte capital punishment - pedeaps capital speeding - exces de vitez blackmail - santaj murderer - ucigas, asasin

Sptmna aceasta au avut loc trei crime. - There have been three murders this week. Postul de politie este lng hotel. - The police-station is next to the hotel. Dovezile sunt putine. - There is a little evidence. Comportamentul lor este foarte ciudat. - Their behaviour is very strange. Ucigasii au fost arestati. - The murderers have been arrested. Santajul este adesea profitabil. - Blackmail is often profitable. Ce pedeaps au primit? - What sentence did they get? Unii oameni cred c pedeapsa capital este fr rost.- Some people think capital punisment is useless. Politistul i-a dat un proces verbal de contraventie. - The policeman gave him a ticket. Se condamn la moarte pentru furt? - Is there a death sentence for theft? Excesul de vitez este periculos. - Speeding is dangerous. Conjugarea viitorului se face cu ajutorul constructiei to be going to - a vaea de gnd s; n care se conjug doar verbul to be n functie de persoan si timp (I am going to, they are going to etc.). I am going to watch a film tonight. - Desear m uit la un film. They were going to fly to England. - Ei au avut de gnd s zboare n Anglia. Interogativul se formeaz prin schimbarea ordinii subiectului si a formei corespunztoare a verbului to be, iar negatia prin adugarea la forma corespunztoare a verbului to be a cuvntului de negatie not. Where are you going to spend your holiday? - Unde ti vei petrece concediul? She was not going to visit us yesterday. - Ea nu a avut de gnd s ne viziteze ieri. Nu avem de gnd s-l arestm pe acest om. Unde ti vei duce copiii? Tatl meu va vinde masina noastr veche. Politia i va duce la postul de politie? Nu-ti voi povesti aceast ntmplare. relieved usurat - We arent going to arrest this man. - Where are you going to take your children? - My father is going to sell our old car. - Are the police going to take them to the police-station? - Im not going to tell you this story. gentle blnd, gingas, amabil

envious (of) invidios (pe)

Acestia sunt oameni decenti. Te-ai (simtit) usurat si tu? Fii amabil cu ei! Este suficient ulei? Sunt ntotdeauna att de violenti? Nu are rost s fi invidios.

- These are decent people. - Were you relieved, too? - Be gentle to them! - Is there sufficient oil? - Are they always so violent? - Its no use being envious.

Pronumele relative compuse whoever oricine; whatever orice; whichever oricare. Dup pronumele relative compuse, pentru exprimarea viitorului se foloseste Simple Present. Oricare cas o cumperi, va fi prea mic pentru familia ta. - Whichever house you buy it will be too small for your family.
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Oricine mi cere bani, l voi refuza. Orice scrii va fi bine. to release - a elibera, a pune n libertate to find out - a constata, a descoperi to convict (of) - a condamna, a declara vinovat

- Whoever asks me for money, I will refuse him. - Whatever you write it will be all right. to accuse (of) - a acuza, a nvinui (de) to report - a raporta, a anunta to punish - a pedepsi to murder - a ucide

Noi am anuntat furtul la politie. - We reported the theft at the police-station. De ce l-au eliberat? - Why have they released him? El m-a acuzat c i-am furat cizmele. - He accused me of stealing his boots. De ce nu i-au pedepsit? - Why havent they punished them? Pentru ce l-au condamnat? - What did they concict him of? El si-a omort secretara. - He was murdered his secretary. Am descoperit deja cine mi-a mncat cina. - I have already found out who ate my dinner. Doi hoti de buzunare au fost arestati azi. - Two pickpockets have been arrested today. Politia nu stie unde se afl acest criminal. - The police dont know where this criminal is. Sprgtorul ar fi fost prins mai devreme, - The burglar would have been caught earlier dac am fi avut telefon atunci. if we had had a telephone then. Evident, ei au comis aceast infractiune. - They obviously commited this crime. Continutul acestei crti este revolttor. - The contents of this book are outrageous. Peter a ntrebat dac prietenul lui a fost condamnat. - Peter asked if his friend had been sentenced. Ei au ntrebat cnd vom intenta proces mpotriva ei. - They asked when we would prosecute her. Feriti-v de oamenii ri! - Beware of bad people! El a primit pedeapsa cu moartea. - He got a death sentence. Dac ai fi condus mai ncet, nu ai fi primit - If you had driven slowlier you wouldnt have got un proces verbal. a ticket. Nu avem suficiente dovezi s-i acuzm de acest jaf. - We dont have sufficient evidence to accuse them of this robbery. Acest hot are vreo remuscare? - Does this thief have any remorse? Politia are de gnd s-l duc pe ucigas la postul - The police are going to take the murderer de politie. to the police-station. Oricine va veni aici, l voi da afar. - Whoever comes here I will throw him out. Cum ai de gnd s-l pedepsesti? - How are you going to punish him?

Lectia 28
guest - musafir, invitat service - service, ceremonie bachelor - celibatar bride - mireas relatives - rude bridegroom mire

Cstoria nu este pentru mine. Nu voi fi acolo la nunta lor. Stiu c exist Dumnezeu. Toat lumea a vorbit despre divortul lor. Ai cumprat deja verighetele? El a spus c nu va uita niciodat ziua nuntii lor. Au ntrziat la ceremonie. Mireasa si mirele au avut putine rude. Ai fost unul dintre musafiri? M bucur c sunt celibatar. De ct timp l-a cunoscut mireasa? Mirele este fratele meu.

- Marriage is not for me. - I will not be at their wedding. - I know there is God. - Everybody talked about their divorce. - Have you bought the wedding-ring yet? - He said he would never forget his wedding-day. - They were late for the service. - The bride and the bridegroom had few relatives. - Were you one of the guests? - Im glad Im a bachelor. - How long has the bride known him? - The bridegroom is my brother.

Pronumele relative aflate la nceputul propozitiilorrelative restrictive, pot fi omise n anumite cazuri: The people (whom) I visited were very nice to me. - Oamenii pe care I-am vizitat, au fost foarte drguti cu mine.
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Dont lose the ticket (which) he has given to you. Do you like the book (that) you have read? The news (which) we have heard was very bad. Is the car (which) you drove yesterday expensive?

- Nu pierde biletul pe care ti l-a dat. - ti place cartea pe care ai citit-o? - Stirea pe care ai citit-o a fost foarte proast. - Este scump masina pe care ai condus-o ieri?

Acesti oameni pe care i cunosc demult, - These people, whom I have known for a long time, au fost concediati ieri. were fired yesterday. Masina pe care am cumprat-o sptmna trecut, - The car I bought last week is very fast. este foarte rapid. Femeia care se plimb acolo, este sora tatlui meu. - The woman who is walking there is my fathers sister. Cartofii pe care I-am scos sunt mici. - The potatoes we have dug are small. Unde ai cumprat costumul pe care tocmai l porti? - Where have you bought the suit you are wearing? Acest scaun,care este foarte vechi,nu este de vnzare-This chair, which is very old, is not for sale. Casa pe care am construit-o nu este foarte nalt. - The house we have built is not very high. Politistul care l-a arestat pe infractor, - The policeman that arrested the criminal a spus c nu a fost usor. said that it hadnt been easy. engaged - logodit enormous - enorm, urias religious - religios single - celibatar

n orasul nostru este o fabric urias de masini. Este incredibil c el este deja aici. Ei au fost logoditi doar pentru scurt timp. Ea a spus c vrea s rmn necstorit. Sunt religiosi acesti oameni? Ai fost fericit?

- There is an enormous car factory in our town. - It is incredible that he is already here. - They have been engaged for only a short time. - She said that she wanted to stay single. - Are these people religious? - Were you happy?

1. Propozitii conditionale. n cazul vorbirii indirecte n propozitia conditional de tipul I, timpul verbului se schimb conform regulii de concordant a timpurilor (timpul prezent se schimb n timp trecut): Peter said If I have time I will go to the cinema.- Peter said that he had time he would go to the cinema n cazul propozitiei conditionale de tipul II si III, timpul verbului rmne neschimbat. John said If I were you I would not do it. - John said that if he were me he would not do it. Mary said If I had had the money earlier - Mary said that if she had had the money earlier I would have paid for the car. she would have paid for the car. 2. Expresii dup care propozitia secundar trece la timpul Simple Past. n urmtoarele expresii se schimb timpul verbului: it is time it was time I wish I wished Timpul verbului din propozitiile secundare care urmeaz dup aceste expresii, nu se schimb: Peter said I wish I had a house. - Peter said he wished he had a house. Mary said Its time I went home. - Mary said it was time she went home. Ion a spus c dac s-ar fi nsurat cu Maria, atunci ar fi fost fericit. Maria mi-a spus c este timpul s-l prsesc. Petre a spus c dac ar avea suficienti bani, mi-ar mprumuta si mie ctva. Joan a spus c ar vrea s fie mai bogat. Mama mea a spus c dac ar vrea s mearg acolo, s-ar duce. to marry - a se cstori (cu), a se nsura to attend - a fi prezent, a frecventa to swear a jura [suer] Poti s juri c este adevrat? - John said that if he had married Mary Then he would have been happy. - Mary told me that it was time I left him. - Peter said that if he had enough money He would lend me some. - Joan said she wished she were richer. - My mother said that if she wanted to go there She would go. to divorce a divorta swore [suo:r] to believe a crede sworn [suo:rn]

- Can you swear that it is true?

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Ei au crezut ntotdeauna n Dumnezeu. Cti oameni au fost prezenti la nunt? Au divortat cu multi ani n urm. Cu cine te-ai cstorit?

- They have always believe in God. - How many people attended the wedding? - They have been divorced for many years. - Whom have you married?

Dou forme de utilizare a verbelor auxiliare could si would. Could you open the window? - Ai putea deschide geamul? Would you give me some tea? - (Esti att de amabil) Poti s-mi dai putin ceai? Esti att de amabil s-mi cumperi biletele? Ai putea s te uiti la scrisoarea mea? Esti att de amabil s-mi mprunuti crtile tale? Ai putea s uiti aceste cuvinte? Esti drgut s-ti cureti camera? Omul care a fost arestat, nu a mrturisit nc. L-ar fi condamnat pe prizonier, dac ar fi avut mai multe dovezi. Celibatarul despre care a vorbit ea, a fost une dintre rudele mele. n ziua nuntii a fost incredibil de cald. Ea nu este acea femeie fericit care a fost n ziua nuntii sale. Mirele o cunostea pe mireas de mult timp. Au fost multe ceremonii sptmna asta. El de ce a jurat s rmn celibatar? Verighetele pe care ni le-au artat, au fost revolttor de scumpe. Nu ma voi mrita cu el. Ea este cea mai frumoas mireas pe care am vzut-o vreodat. Crtile care se afl pe mas sunt ale tale. Recapitulare final: Ploua cnd ne-am dus la postul de politie - It was raining when we were going to the ca s anuntm spargerea. police-station to report the burglary. n luna aceea au fost comise multe crime brutale. - Many brutal murders were commited that month. El a spus c nu se va simti n sigurant - He said that he would not feel safe pn cnd criminalul nu va fi arestat. till the murderer was arrested. Dac as fi avut timp, as fi fost prezent la ceremonie. - If I had had time I would have attended the service. Crima de care a fost acuzat, a fost una violent. - The crime he was accused of was a violent one. Omul care a fost eliberat a fost evident usurat. - The man who was released was obviously relieved. Santajul este infractiune foarte profitabil. - Blackmail is a very profitable crime. Anul n care recolta s-a distrus, a fost prea secetos. - The year our crop failed was too dry. El nu este omul care era cnd ne-am ntlnit - He is not the man he was when we first met. pentru prima dat. Te-ai fcut vreodat vinovat de exces de vitez? - Have you ever been guilty of speeding? Nu vreau s pltesc amenda pentru c sunt nevinovat-I dont want to pay the fine because I am innocent. Uriasul avion arta impresionant. - The enormous plane looked impressive. L-am ntrebat dac omenii religiosi sunt - I asked him if the religious people were ntotdeauna amabili. always gentle. Ea a spus c nu l-a vzut de la divort. - She said she had not seen him since the divorce. Cumprarea de lucruri furate, este mpotriva legii. - Buying stolen things is against the law.
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- Would you buy me the tickets? - Could you look at my letter? - Would you lend me your books? - Could you forget these words? - Would you clean your room? - The man they have arrested has not confessed yet. - They would hace convicted the prisoner if there had been more evidence. - The bachelor she talked about was one of my relatives. - The wedding-day was incredibly hot. - She is not the happy woman she was on her wedding-day. - The bridegroom has known the bride for a very long time. - There have been many services this week. - Why has he sworn to stay single? - The wedding-rings we were shown were outrageously expensive. - I am not going to marry him. - she is the most beautiful bride I have ever seen. - The books which are on the table are yours.

Sptmna viitoare participm la o nunt. As vrea s fiu din nou celibatar. Orice faci, nu-i da drumul. Asta este ceva care poate fi folosit ca dovad. Ct de nevinovat prea ucigasul! Esti sigur c hotul se ascunde prin mprejurimi?

- We are attending a wedding next week. - I wish I were a bachelor again. - Whatever you do, dont release him. - This is something that can be used as evidence. - How innocent the murderer looked! - Are you sure the thief is hiding in the surroundings?

Lectia 29
the day before yesterday - alaltieri the day after tomorrow - poimine century secol fortnight dou sptmni leap-year an bisect midnight miezul noptii

Nu m culc niciodat nainte de miezul noptii. Accidentul a avut loc alaltieri. De ce exist ani bisecti? Toate erau mai bune n trecut. La amiaz ploua. Vara este anotimpul cel mai fierbinte al anului. Nu stim nimic despre viitor. Ei se vor cstori poimine. Secolul 21 va ncepe n curnd. O clip, v rog. Lucrezi n fiecare zi lucrtoare? Vor pleca peste dou sptmni.

- I never go to bed before midnight. - The accident happened the day before yesterday. - Why are there leap-years? - Everything was better in the past. - It was raining at noon. - Summer is the hottest season of the year. - We dont know anything about the future. - They will marry the day after tomorrow. - The twenty-first century will start soon. - A moment, please. - Do you work on all weekdays? - They are leaving in a fortnight.

Perticipiul ing n limba englez se foloseste frecvent n propozitii asemntoare exemplelor de mai jos: When I entered the room, I saw him at the table. - Cnd am intrat n camer l-am vzut la mas. Pentru prescurtarea propozitiilor subordonate, partea de propozitie scris accentuat se nlocuieste cu participiul ing: Entering the room, I saw him at the table. - Intrnd n camer l-am vzut la mas. Propozitia subordonat, n care apare forma de participiu prezent entering si propozitia principal care contine verbul saw, au acelasi subiect, pronumele I. Participiul prezent se traduce n limba romn prin gerunziu. When I opened the door, I saw the children in the room.- Opening the door, I saw the children in the room. If they fire these people, they will make a mistake. - Firing these people, they will make a mistake. Uitndu-se pe geam, Mark I-a vzut. - Looking through the window, Mark saw them. De pe munte se vedea marea. - Standing on the mountain, we could see the sea. Asteptnd autobuzul, ea a vzut ct de intens - Waiting for the bus, she saw that there was a lot este traficul. of traffic. Citind scrisoarea, nu-mi venea s-mi cred ochilor. - Reading the letter, I couldnt believe my eyes. Ascultnd muzica, el a uitat de timp. - Listening to the music, he forgot the time. Conducnd spre cas, el a auzit stirile la radio. - Driving home, he heard the news on the radio. Vznd camera, Ana a spus c nu este destul de mare-Seeing the room, Anne said it wasnt large enough. Fiind srac, Ion nu si-a putut cumpra cmas nou. - Being poor, John couldnt buy a new shirt for himself formerly altdat, odinioar a.m. nainte de prnz one day ntr-o zi p.m. dup amiaz in (the) future n viitor

Lucrul ncepe la 8 dimineata. n viitor ea va trebui s scrie toate scrisorile. La 6 seara magazinele sunt nchise. ntr-o zi m vei ntelege.

- Work starts at 8 a.m. - She will have to write all letters in the future. - At 6 p.m. the shops are closed. - One day you will understand me.
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nainte nu erau multe masini.

- Formerly there were not many cars.

Pentru formarea imperativului la persoana I si a III, singular si plural, se foloseste verbul let a permite, a ngdui, a lsa Let me read it! - Las-m s o citesc! Let them invite us! - Las-I s ne invite! Let her take the car! - Las-o s ia masina! Let us finish it now! - Las-ne s terminm acum! let us se prescurteaz lets Lets go! - S mergem! Las-l s uite asta repede!- Let him forget about it fast! S cinm azi acas! - Lets have dinner at home today! to appear - a aprea, a se nftisa, a se vedea to describe - a descrie, a prezenta to leap - a sri, a slta [li:p] Soarele a disprut n spatele norilor. Cnd va aprea din nou? Poti s descrii sprgtorul? Cnd vor fi nmormntati acesti oameni? Avioanele au aprut n deprtare. Dac sari poti s-ti rupi piciorul. Las-I s vin aici! - Let them come here! Las-m s m uit! - Let me see it!

to disappear - a disprea to bury - a ngropa, a nmormnta leapt [lept] leapt [lept] - The sun has disappeared behind the clouds. - When will he appear again? - Can you describe the burglar? - When will these people be buried? - The aeroplanes appeared in the distance. - Leaping you can break your leg.

1. Denumirile anilor compusi din 3 cifre se citesc astfel: 537 five hundred and thirty-seven; 966 nine hundred and sixty-six 2. Denumirile anilor formati din 4 cifre, dintre care ultimele dou sunt 0 sunt citite ca multiplu de sute: 1700 seventeen hundred (17 sute); 2000 twenty hundred (20 sute) 3. Celelalte denumiri din 4 cifre se mpart n dou grupuri si sunt citite ca dou numere de cte dou cifre: 1995 nineteen ninety-five 1961 nineteen sixty-one 4. Dac a treia cifr este 0, aceasta se citeste ca si oh [ou]: 1806 eighteen oh six (18 zero 6) S-a ntmplat n 753. Aceast cas a fost construit n 1800. n 1999 voi termina scoala. Alatieri, mergnd la scoal m-am oprit lng acest magazin. S ncercm s ne ntlnim la prnz. Peste dou sptmni va fi 1999. Vara este cel mai frumos anotimp? Odinioar nu erau multe orase. Am vrut s-i spun ceva, dar el a disprut. Intrnd n cas, el a aprins lumina. - It happened in seven hundred and fifty-three. - This house was built in eighteen hundred. - In nineteen ninety-nine I will finish school. - Going to school the day before yesterday I stopped near this shop. - Lets try to meet at noon. - It will be nineteen ninety-nine in a fortnight. - Is summer the nicest season? - Formerly there werent many towns. - I wanted to tell him something but he disappeared. - Entering the house, he switched on the light. patience - rbdare trip - excursie

absence - absent, lips display - etalare, expunere, afisaj delay - ntrziere, amnare opportunity - prilej favorabil, moment potrivit second hand - secundar (al ceasului)

Expresia to have a word with somebody = a vorbi cu cineva (a schimba o vorb cu cineva) Can I have a word with you? Ea a dat petrecerea cu ocazia cstoriei noastre. Am avut un alt prilej favorabil mai trziu. Absenta lor a fost alarmant. Secundarul este stricat. El nu a spus nimic. - She gave the party on the occasion of our wedding. - I had another opportunity later. - Their absence was alarming. - The second-hand is broken. - He didnt say a word.
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Un numr de oameni au fost concediati. Excursia noastr a fost doar una scurt. Afisajul arat numere. Nu au fost ntrzieri. Ziua mea de nastere este n data de 9. Ea si pierde adesea rbdarea cu copiii ei. Voi scrie scrisoarea n prezenta ta.

- A number of people were fired. - Our trip was only a short one. - The display shows numbers. - There were no delays. - My birthday is on the ninth. - She often loses petience with her children. - Ill write the letter in your presence.

Propozitia subordonat conditional poate fi introdus si de unless care nseamn if not dac nu, n afar de cazul cnd. Folosind unless cu sensul de if not, predicatul propozitiei subordonate nu mai poate fi negat pentru c n limba englez nu exist negatie dubl. Dac nu vii la 7, vom ntrzia. Vom ncepe lucrul dac nu apare. If you dont come at 7 we will be late. We will start to work if he doesnt appear. Unless you come at 7 we will be late. we will start to work unless he appears.

Dac nu mnnci, nu mergem la zoo. Dac nu plou, mergem pe jos. Dac nu ai bani, ti voi mprumuta. Dac nu voi primi mine o scrisoare i voi scrie. Dac nu le spui, ei nu vor sti cum s fac asta. second-hand - uzat, folosit, de la mna a II-a actually - ntr-adevr, n realitate, de fapt to be fast - a se grbi/ a fi nainte (ceasul) Vei avea nevoie de un cutit ascutit pentru asta. Uneori trebuie s ridicm bani. Ei nu-i place s cumpere lucruri uzate. Ceasul a rmas n urm din nou. Ceasurile digitale nu sunt scumpe. Ceasul lor nu o ia nainte niciodat. El arat foarte tnr, dar de fapt are 50 ani.

- Unless you eat we wont go to the zoo. - Unless it rains we will go on foot. - Unless you have money I will lend you. - I will write to him unless I get a letter tomorrow. - Unless you tell them they wont know how to do it. occasionally - din cnd n cnd, uneori sharp - ascutit, precis, exact to be slow - a ntrzia/ a rmne n urm (ceasul) - Youll need a sharp knife for this. - We have to withdraw money occasionally. - She doesnt like buying second-hand things. - The clock is slow again. - Digital watches are not expensive. - Their clock is hardly ever fast. - He looks very young but hes actually 50.

Complement direct rspunde la pe cine? Ce? Complement indirect cui? Atunci cnd complementul indirect st naintea celui direct, structura propozitiei este urmtoarea: She gave me a book. - Ea mi-a dat o carte. Ordinea complementelor poate fi schimbat dar n acest caz naintea complementului indirect se foloseste particula to: She gave a book to me. - Ea mi-a dat o carte. mi vei arta camera ta? - Will you show me your room? Will you show your room to me? Le-am descris acel accident. - I have described them that accident. I have described that accident to them. D-i (lui) mai mult pine. - Give him more bread! Give more bread to him! to dial a forma un numr to strike a lovi, a bate to ring a suna to mend a repara [straik] [rin(g)] to fix a fixa, a consolida, a prinde struck [strak] struck [strak] rang [rEn(g)] rung [ran(g)]

Ceasul tocmai btea ora 4 cnd am venit acas. Cine ti-a reparat ceasul? Ei au fixat odat pentru nunta lor. Ea a format numrul corect? I-ai sunat deja?

- The clock was striking four when we came home. - Who has mended your watch? - They fixed a date for the wedding. - Has she dialled the right number? - Have you rung them yet?
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n drum spre birou am vzut un accident grav. Auzind vorbele lui nu m-am putut abtine s nu zmbesc. Trind la tar, ea nu a vzut nuciodat un aeroport modern. Cstignd putin, el nu a putut cumpra mult. Mobila a fost recent livrat. ntr-o zi nu voi mai avea mult rbadre cu ei. Negocierile vor avea loc n 1999. Dac nu scrii aceast scrisoare nu vom merge la plimbare. Ceasul meu rmne mereu n urm. Nu le voi da acesti bani. Las-l s cumpere un numr mare de pahare noi.

- Walking to my office, I saw a serious accident. - Hearing his words, I couldnt help smiling. - Living in the country, she has never seen a modern airport. - Earing little money, he couldnt buy much. - The furniture has recently been delivered. - One day I will not have much patience with them. - The negotiations will be in nineteen ninety-nine. - Unless you write this letter we wont go for a walk. - My watch is always slow. - I wont give them this money. I wont give this money to them. - Let him buy a big number of new glasses.

Lectia 30
appearance - aparitie,ivire,nftisare environment - mediu,ambiant attempt - ncercare, tentativ habit - obicei, deprindere headline titlu (n ziar) subscription abonament

Mediul nconjurtor este foarte important. Si a doua sa ncercare a esuat. Crezi c istoria este o materie plcut la scoal? Abonamentul este mai ieftin. Citesc ntotdeauna ziarul de dimineat. Ei au o colectie impresionant. Acestea sunt obiceiuri proaste. El nu cunoaste rspunsul. Nu promite prea mult! nftisarea ei ne-a fcut s zmbim. Ai citit titlurile principale?

- Our environment is very important. - Also his second attempt failed. - Did you think history was a nice subject in school? - The subscription is cheaper. - I always read the morning-paper. - They have an impressive collection. - These are bad habits. - He doesnt know the answer. - Dont give too many promises! - Her appearance made us smile. - Have you read the headlines?

Adverbele once odat, twice de dou ori, sunt folosite foarte des pentru a exprima frecventa cu care se petrece o actiune. Celelalte adverbe se formeaz cu ajutorul unui numeral si al substantivului time: three times, Am citit de 5 ori aceast carte. L-am ntlnit o singur dat. Gndeste-te de dou ori nainte de a spune ceva. Am pierdut cheile deja de trei ori. - I have read this book five times. - I have met him once. - Think twice before you say something. - I have lost the keys three times already. just in time - tocmai la timp plenty of time - timp destul

in the meantime - ntre timp, pn una alta, deocamdat wait a minute - asteapt putin/ o clip, ai putin rbdare Stai putin, si biletele tale? Am ajuns tocmai la timp ca s vedem plecarea lor. A fost timp suficient pentru a napoia cartea. ntre timp f curat n camera ta!

- Wait a minute, and your tickets? - We were just in time to see their departure. - There was plenty of time to return the book. - In the meantime clean your room.

n afar de adjectivele daily, weekly, folosite ca si adverbe, n limba englez sunt si alte adjective a cror terminatie este ly: lovely - drgut, simpatic, frumos silly - prost fatherly - printesc, patern friendly - prietenos, amical

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Dac din adjectivele cu terminatia ly vrem s formm un adverb, nu putem s dublm sufixul ly. n aceste cazuri adverbele se formeaz cu urmtoarele structuri: in a lovely way - ntr-o manier drgut in a fatherly manner - ntr-un mod printesc in a friendly way - ntr-un mod prietenos in a silly manner - ntr-un mod prostesc Nu face asta ntr-un mod prostesc! Ne-au vorbit prietenos. Fratele meu mi vorbeste ntotdeauna printeste. to waste - a irosi, a pierde (inutil) to succeed (in) - a reusi, a izbuti - Dont do it in a silly manner! - They talked to us in a lovely way. - My brother always speaks to me in a fatherly manner to neglect - a neglija

to pollute - a polua to subscribe (to) - a se abona

Verbul to succeed este folosit si n urmtoarea constructie: to succeed in + verb cu terminatia ing I succeeded in - Am reusit (s fac ceva) She succeeded in mending her car. - Ea a reusit s-si repare masina. Nu am reusit s ne ntoarcem la timp. Au irosit de or vorbind. El s-a abonat la acest ziar. Acesti copii au fost neglijati ani de-a rndul. Acest lac nu este nc poluat. - We have not succeeded in returning in time. - They wasted half an hour on talking. - He has subscribed to this paper. - These children have been neglected for years. - This lake is not polluted yet.

Dac verbul are dou complemente (direct si indirect), atunci la diateza pasiv oricare dintre ele poate fi subiectul propozitiei: He showed me his garden. - El mi-a artat grdina lui. I was shown his garden. - Mi-a fost artat grdina lui. His garden was shown to me. - Grdina lui mi-a fost artat. They sent him a letter. He wont give you the money. He described the accident to us. - He was sent a letter. A letter was sent to him. - You wont be biven the money. The money wont be given to you. - We were described the accident. The accident was described to us.

n limba englez, participiul terminat n ing poate nlocui propozitia relativ. A man who lives in this street was insured - Un brbat care locuieste pe aceast strad, a fost in an accident yesterday. rnit ieri ntr-un accident. n propozitia astfel transformat, participiul ing determin substantivul. Exersati participiul prezent: Stiloul care se afl acolo pe mas este al meu. - The pen lying on the table is mine. Femeia care se plimb acolo este o secretar. - The woman walking there is a secretary. Oamenii care viziteaz satul nostru sunt din Anglia. - The people visiting our village are from England. Cine sunt acei oameni care stau acolo? - Who are the people sitting there? l cunosti pe acel om care vine la noi? - Do you know the man coming to us? Oamenii care folosesc aceste unelte sunt f. satisfcuti-The people using these tools are very satisfied. Tablourile care atrn aici vor fi vndute. - The pictures hanging here will be sold. Sunt ntotdeauna multi oameni care-si petrec -There are always many people apending their vacanta aici. holidays here. Au fost oameni care au vndut portocale si struguri. - There were people selling oranges and grapes. Cei care vor mai multe informatii se pot reintoarce - People wanting more information can return dup ora 5. after five. La ce te-ai abonat? Am rugat-o de dou ori s plece n liniste. Ne-a vorbit printeste. Oamenii care-si neglijeaz nftisarea cred c - What have you subscribed to? - I have asked her twice to leave quietly. - He spoke to us in a fatherly way. - People neglecting their appearance think
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nu este important s arate bine. Animalele care triesc n pdure, pot gsi mncare suficient. Stai putin, nu ti-ai pierdut umbrela? Ne-au artat dou filme. Au sosit tocmai la timp, nu a trebuit s asteptm. Recapitulare final: Citind ziarul de dimineat m-am gndit la promisiunea pe care am fcut-o. Trgnd fermoarul hainei, am prsit casa n grab. Avionul pleac la 3 dup-amiaza. Ea a format numrul lor de dou ori. Ea a rspuns prosteste. Noi am vzut un brbat care nu avea pr pe cap. Vasul a naufragiat n urm cu dou sptmni. Acesta este geamul prin care a disprut sprgtorul.

it is not important to look good. - Animals living in the woods can find enough food. - Wait a minute, havent you left your umbrella? - We were shown two films.Two films were shown to us - They came just in time; we didnt have to wait.

Ei i s-a permis uneori s plece mai devreme. Au fost ntrzieri de dou ori. n viitor nu vom pierde timpul. Cti ani bisecti sunt ntr-un secol? S mergem azi la cinema! Prezenta lor nu este necesar. Ctiva oameni cred c este timp destul pentru a opri poluarea pmntului. Ce materii ti-au plcut cel mai mult la scoal? n trecut multe lucruri erau mai ieftine. Va trebui s fii acolo exact la ora 8. Ea a primit scrisoarea tocmai la timp. ntre timp vom fixa o dat. Noi am reusit s terminm lucrul nainte de miezul noptii. Masinile polueaz mediul. - Cars pollute the environment. Vor fi multe ocazii favorabile n viitor. - There will be more opportunities in the future. Unii oameni au obiceiuri stranii. - Some people have strange habits. Am vzut multi oameni care purtau ochelari fumurii.- I saw many people wearing dark glasses. El si-a vizitat sora cu ocazia zilei ei de nastere. - He visited her sister on the occasion of her birthday. Mi s-a promis o slujb mai bun. - I was promised a better job. A better job was promised to me.

- Reading the morning paper, I thought of the promise I had made. - Zipping up my coat, I left the house in a hurry. - The aeroplane leaves at 3 p.m. - She has dialled their number twice. - She answered in a silly way. - We saw a man having no hair on his head. - The ship was wrecked a fortnight ago. - This is the window through which the burglar disappeared. - She was occasionally permitted to leave early. - There was a delay twice. - In future no time will be wasted. - How many leap years are there in a century? - Lets go to the cinema today! - Their presence is not necessary. - Some people think there is a plenty of time To stop polluting the Earth. - What subjects did you like the best in school? - In the past many things were cheaper. - Youll have to be there at eight oclock sharp. - She got the letter just in time. - In the meantime well fix a date. - We succeeded in finishing the work before midnight.

Lectia 31
matter chestiune, problem, treab complaint nemultumire,plngere,reclamatie Am citit mult despre acel rzboi. Negocierile vor aduce pacea? Acele idei sunt greu de nteles. Scopul nostru este s obtinem o mrire de salariu ct mai curnd posibil. Faptul c el m-a ajutat a impresionat-o pe mama. El nu poate s acorde mult timp acestei probleme. mi place s cltoresc fr bagaje. fact fapt, realitate space spatiu,univers luggage - bagaj mistake greseal

- I have read much about that war. - Will negotiations bring peace? - Those ideas are difficult to understand. - Our object is to get a raise as soon as possible. - The fact that he helped me impressed my mother. - He cannot spend much time on this matter. - I like travelling without any luggage.
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Este periculoas cltoria n spatiu? Universul este incredibil de vast. Aceste incidente se petrec n mod regulat? Aceste nemultumiri merit s fie ascultate. Ai fcut de dou ori aceeasi greseal. Soldatii sunt gata de lupt.

- Is space travel dangerous? - Space is incredibly vast. - Do these incidents happen regularly? - These complaints are worth listening to. - You have made the same mistake twice. - The soldiers are ready for the fight.

1. Forma negativ a verbului must se obtine prin adugarea adverbului de negatie not: must not (mustnt) a nu fi permis/ngduit, a nu avea voie, a fi interzis: She mustnt smoke. Ea nu are voie s fumeze. You mustnt talk here. Nu ai voie s vorbesti aici. 2. Structura negativ nu trebuie, se exprim cu forma scurt neednt: You neednt read all these books. - Nu trebuie s citesti toate aceste crti. She neednt worry about it. - Ea nu trebuie s-si fac griji n legtur cu asta. Nu trebuie s mergem acolo. - We neednt go there. De ce nu am voie s vin aici? - Why mustnt I come here? Nu avem voie s facem aceast greseal. - We mustnt make this mistake. Nu trebuie s ascult plngerile tale. - I neednt listen to your complaints. Nu ai voie s-ti lasi bagajul aici. - You mustnt leave your luggage here. Aceste stiri nu sunt neaprat adevrate. - This news neednt be facts. objective obiectiv, neprtinitor peaceful pasnic, linistit concrete concret, palpabil presently imediat, ndat decisive decisiv

Ideile abstracte sunt dificil de nteles. - Abstract ideas are difficult to understand. Avem nevoie urgent de mai mult ngrsmnt chimic.- We urgently need more fertilizer. Aceasta trebuie prezentat ntr-un mod obiectiv. - It has to be shown in an objective way. Vom termina imediat. - Well finish it presently. Ei triesc ntr-o regiune linistit. - They live in a peaceful region. Masa este un obiect concret. - A table is a concrete object. Este greu s fii obiectiv n aceast problem. - It is difficult to be objective in this matter. to matter a conta, a avea important to notice a observa, a bga de seam to decide a decide, a hotr A contat mult pentru mine. Ai observat c el a but prea mult? S-au plns de cldur. Stiu c ei nu sunt de acord. Nu am fost de aceeasi prere n acea problem. Noi am decis s nu-I asteptm. to complain - a se plnge, a reclama to agree - a fi de acord, a accepta to disagree - a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta - It mattered a lot to me. - Have you noticed that he has drunk too much? - They complained of the heat. - I know they dont agree. - We disagreed on that matter. - We decided not to wait for them.

Dac imperativul are o negatie n continut atunci se foloseste cuvntul de negatie not. Lets not agree.- S nu fim de acord! Let them not decide themselves. - S nu decid ei nsisi! Las-o s nu fac aceast gresel! - Let her not make this mistake. S nu lum bagajul cu noi! - Lets not take the luggage with us. S nu-l lsm s vorbeasc tot timpul despre rzboi. - Let him not talk about the war all the time. Acest incident nu trebuie s se mai ntmple. Cltoria n spatiu este captivant. Nu trebuie s te gndesti la aceast problem. El are o idee bun, s-l lsm s vorbeasc. L-ai observat pe brbatul cu plria verde? Nu ai voie s hotrsti fr s vorbesti cu Jane. Nu conteaz! - This incident mustnt happen again. - Space travel is exciting. - You neednt think about this matter. - He has a good idea, let him speak. - Have you noticed this man in a green hat? - You mustnt decide without talking to jane. - It doesnt matter.
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S nu-i lsm s se plng1 Nu trebuie s ajungem la un acord acum. navy flot maritim,marin militar atom-bomb bomb atomic air force fort aerian

- Let them not complain! - We neednt agree now. army - armat trench - transeu weapon - arm battle - btlie cartridge - cartus enemy - inamic ally - aliat

Sunt destule cartuse? Inamicul are avioane moderne. Transeele sunt suficient de adnci. Aliatii nostri ne sprijin. Multi civili prsesc orasul. Ei construiesc multe submarine. Btlia a continuat timp de o sptmn. Noi folosim cele mai moderne arme. Bomba atomic a fost folosit de aliatul nostru. Fratele meu este n aviatia militar. Armata are nevoie de mult petrol. Unele tri nu au flot maritim.

- Are there enough cartridges? - The enemy has modern planes. - The trenches are deep enough. - Our allies support us. - Many civilians are leaving the town. - They are building many submarines. - The battle has continued for a week. - We are using the latest weapons. - The atom-bomb was used by our ally. - My brother is in the air force. - The army needs a lot of petrol. - Some countries havent got a navy.

In the forties there were many battles. - n anii 40 au fost multe lupte. Expresiile ca anii 40, anii 50 etc. se formeaz adugnd la numeral articolul hotrt si sufixul es. Litera y de la sfrsitul cuvntului se transform n i, iar aceasta este urmat de terminatia es. the fifties anii cincizeci the sixties anii saizeci Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu ajutorul cifrelor n modul urmtor: the 80s the eighties anii optzeci the 20s the twenties anii 20 Dac vrem s subliliem secolul, atunci data se scrie n felul urmtor: the 1830s - the eighteen thirties - anii o mie opt sute treizeci; the 1970s - the nineteen seventies - anii 1970 Rzboiul a nceput n anii 1930. Mary s-a nscut n anii saizeci. Aceast cas a fost construit n anii 1790. n anii 40 au fost putine masini n Romania. tactical - tactic civilian - civil - The war started in the 1930s (nineteen thirties). - Mary was born in the 60s (sixties). - This house was built in the 1790s (seventeen nineties). - n the 40s (forties) there were few cars in Romania. live - viu, intens armoured blindat

Inamicul are dou submarine nucleare. De obicei avioanele tactice nu sunt foarte mari. Nu este usor s distrugi un avion blindat. Acesti copii au gsit cartuse adevrate. Btlia naval a fost decisiv. Soldatii purtau haine civile.

- The enemy has two nuclear submarines. - The tactical planes are usually not very big. - It is not easy to damage an armoured plane. - These children have found live cartridge. - The naval battle was decisive. - The soldiers were wearing civilian clothes.

Cuvntul one se foloseste pentru nlocuirea unui substantiv care se repet n propozitie. El nu se foloseste pentru nlocuirea unui substantiv care se repet, dac n propozitie se afl si pronumele own. I wont give you my pen, use your own. He doesnt need your car. He has his own. We never buy vegetables. We grow our own. to surrender - a se preda, a capitula to join - a se uni, a intra (n) to fight - a (se) lupta, a se bate [fait] to sink - a (se) scufunda [sin(g)k] - Nu-ti voi da stiloul meu, foloseste-l pe-al tu. - El nu are nevoie de masina ta.El are propria masin. - Nu cumprm niciodat zarzavaturi. Noi nsine le cultivm. to arm - a (se) narma to fire at - a trage (cu o arm) fought [fo:t] fought [fo:t] sank [sEn(g)k] sunk [san(g)k]
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Vom nceta lupta de ndat ce inamicul se va preda. - We will stop fighting as soon as the enemy surrenders Dup o sptmn el a venit dup sotia sa la Londra.-After a week he joined his wife in London. Am scufundat un vapor la miezul noptii. - We sank a ship at midnight. Nu am tras niciodat asupra nimnui. - I have never fired at anybody. Avioanele sunt foarte narmate. - The planes are heavily armed. Vom lupta pn la ultimul om. - We will fight to the last man. Ei s-au predat fr s lupte. - They surrendered without fighting. Cele dou armate s-au unit nainte de ultima btlie. -The two armies joined before the last battle. Cte nave au fost scufundate n aceast sptmn? - How many ships have been sunk this week? Cazuri n care cuvntul one poate omis: 1. Dup numerele cardinale: I have three chairs and she has five. She bought two coats and stole three. 2. Dup genitivul saxon: This bicycle is not so expensive as Johns. It was not her mistake, but her sisters. 3. Dup pronumele some, any, these, those: If you want cigarettes, I can give you some. He was looking for cheap curtains, but he didnt see any. 4. Dup forma de superlativ a adjectivelor: Of all the cars we have, this is the fastest. Of all the flowers I have seen today these are the most beautiful. Masina lui nu este att de rapid ca a lui Mary. Noi am cumprat dou vapoare si ei au cumprat 5. Am camera mea si el o are pe a sa. Sotia lui este cea mai frumoas. Noi avem 2 copii, iar vecinii nostri au 5. Nu trebuie s mprumut bani, i am pe ai mei. Printii lui Ion sunt mai btrni dect ai lui Maria. Acest biat este cel mai nalt.

- Eu am trei scaune si ea are 5. - Ea a cumprat dou haine si a furat trei. - Aceast biciclet nu este att de scump ca a lui Ion - Nu a fost greseala ei , ci a surorii sale. - Dac vrei tigri, ti pot da cteva. - El a cutat perdele ieftine, dar nu a vzut niciuna. - Dintre toate masinile pe care le avem, aceasta este cea mai rapid. - Dintre toate florile pe care le-am vzut azi, acestea sunt cele mai frumoase. - His car is not so/as fast as Marys. - We bought two ships and they bought five. - I have my own room and he has his own. - His wife is the most beautiful. - We have 2 children and our neighbours have five. - I neednt borrow any money, I have my own. - Johns parents are older than Marys. - This boy is the tallest.

Cnd am observat c a nceput s se ntunece, - When we noticed it was getting dark, ne-am alturat aliatilor nostri. we joined our allies. Nu avem nevoie de submarinele flotei lor militare, - We dont need the submarines of their navy, le avem pe ale noastre. we have our own. El a fcut dou greseli dar tu ai fcut sase. - He made two mistakes, but you made six. Armele inamicului nu sunt moderne. - The weapons of the enemy are not modern. Reclamatiile cumprtorilor merit ascultate. - The complaints of the customers are worth listening to. Am obosit repede pentru c bagajul meu a fost greu.- I soon got tired because my luggage was heavy. Nu ai voie s iei asta. - You mustnt take it. n anii 20 aveam o armat mic. - In the 20s (twenties) we had a small army. Nu trebuie s faci asta azi. - You neednt do it today. Ei au decis s foloseasc bomba atomic. - They have decided to use the atom-bomb.

Lectia 32
ammunition - munitie aircraft carrier - port-avion
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aircraft - avion

casualties fighter bomber

- pierderi, victime anti-aircraft gun - tun anti-aerian - avion de vntoare measures - msuri, dispozitii - bombardier, avion de bombardament

target - tint rifle - pusc tank - tanc

Tunurile noastre anti-aeriene au fost nefolositoare. Bombardierele zboar la nltime foarte mare. Acestea sunt pusti strine. Au fost putine victime. Au fost alese multe tinte industriale. S-au raportat dou avioane de vntoare avariate. Atacul va avea loc n ceat. Ultimul lor port-avion a fost scufundat n zori. Pe un port-avion este loc pentru multe avioane. Tancurile sunt sigure. Aceste msuri nu sunt suficiente. Nu avem munitie pentru aceste arme.

- Our anti-aircraft guns were useless. - The bombers fly very high. - These are foreign rifles. - There were hardly any casualties. - Many industrial targets were chosen. - Two fighters were reported damaged. - The attack will be made in fog. - Their last aircraft carrier was sunk at dawn. - On an aircraft carrier there is space for many aircraft - The tanks are reliable. - These measures are not sufficient. - We have no ammunition for these weapon.

Genitivul saxon se foloseste naintea substantivului care exprim timpul sau distanta. Did you hear last nights news? - Ai auzit stirile de ieri sear? There was a two hours delay. - A fost o ntrziere de dou ore. The building was a miles distance from us. - Cldirea era la o distant de o mil de noi. Nu uitati s adugati substantivelor la singular sau plural apostroful si litera s! Stii ceva despre nlnirea de sptmna trecut? - Do you know anything about last weeks meeting. Scoala se afl la o distant de 1 km si de casa mea- The school is a miles distance from my house. Cunosti rezultatele de lunea trecut? - Do you know last Mondays results? military - militar missing - disprut defensive - defensiv, de aprare jet - avion cu reactie hostile - ostil, inamic vulnerable (to) vulnerabil

Avioanele lor de vntoare cu reactie sunt f. rapide. - Their jet fighters are very fast. Au disprut cinci avioane. - Five planes are missing. Multe cldiri militare sunt avariate. - Many military buildings are damaged. Vapoarele sunt vulnerabile la atacurile submarinelor- Ships are vulnerable to attacks by submarines. Bombardierele inamice sunt narmate. - The hostile bombers are armed. Vom avea nevoie de mai multe arme defensive. - We shall need more defensive weapons. to be interested in a fi interesat de/s to be afraid of- a se teme de Aceste expresii se folosesc la toate timpurile din limba englez, prin conjugarea corespunztoare a verbului to be. They are interested in buying your house. - Sunt interesati s cumpere casa ta. I am afraid of big dogs. - Mi-e fric de cini mari. How long have you been interested in weapon? - De cnd te intereseaz armele? They were afrid of the enemy. - Le-a fost fric de dusman. M intereseaz submarinele. De ce ti-e fric de mine? Te intereseaz aceast stire? Cred c o va interesa. Pe printii mei nu-i intereseaz prietenii mei. Le-a fost fric de cel de-al doilea atac. to destroy a distruge, a drma to take off a decola, a-si lua zborul to bring down a dobor (un avion etc.) - I am interested in submarines. - Why are you afraid of me? - Are you interested in this news? - I think she will be interested in it. - My parents are not interested in my friends. - They were afraid of the second atteck. to defend a apra attack a ataca, a asalta to carry a transporta, a duce
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to bomb a bombarda to receive a primi

Ne putem apra porturile? - Can we defend our harbours? Avioanele s-au nltat n directia vntului. - The planes took off into the wind. Au bombardat avioanele noastre de vntoare - They bombed our fighters before nainte s poat decola. they could take off. Jumtate din tancuri au fost distruse n primele - Half of the tanks were destroyed in the first cteva minute. few minutes. Vestea pe care am primit-o este ngrozitoare. - The news I have received is awful. Tunurile anti-aeriene au dobort multe avioane. - The anti-aircraft guns have brought down many aircraft Bombardierele au atacat de dou ori n acea zi. - The bombers attacked twice that day. Ele pot transporta bombele cele mai grele. - They can carry the heaviest bombs. Adjectivul pronominal any se foloseste si n propozitii afirmative. n acest caz nseamn: orice, oricare, si se foloseste pentru determinarea persoanelor si obiectelor. Any child knows the answer to that question. - Orice copil stie rspunsul la acest ntrebare. He will take any room you can offer to him. - Va accepta orice camer pe care poti s i-o oferi. You can come any day. - Poti veni n orice zi. n mod asemntor se folosesc si formele pronominale compuse ale acestui cuvnt: anybody, anyone oricine, oricare anything orice anywhere oriunde, n orice loc Anybody can tell you that. You can give it to anyone you meet there. Those people will do anything for money. You can put that chair anywhere. - Oricine ti poate spune asta. - Poti s dai asta oricrei persoane pe care o ntlnesti acolo. - Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani. - Poti pune oriunde scaunul acesta.

Orice camer este destul de bun pentru mine. - Any room is good enough for me. Poate fi folosit n orice tar. - It can be used in any country. Orice carte cumprat va fi mpachetat frumos. - Any book that is bought will be wrapped up nicely. Oricine poate vedea c acele flori nu sunt proaspete.- Anybody can see that those flowers are not fresh. Oricine a fost acolo stie ct de intens este traficul. - Anyone who has been there knows how much traffic there is. Poate fi fcut cu orice lucru ascutit. - It can be done with anything that is sharp. Criminalul se poate ascunde oriunde. - The criminal can be hiding anywhere. Pustile pe care le folositi sunt mai bune dect acestea- The rifles you are using are better than these. Dintre toate tancurile pe care le-am condus, - Of all the tanks I have driven, acesta este cel mai rapid. this is the fastest. Orice bombardier poate fi dobort. - Any bomber can be brought down. Oricine poate nimeri aceast tint. - Anybody can hit this target. Atacul poate ncepe oriunde. - The attack can start anywhere. Dintre toate tintele pe care trebuia s le aprm, - Of all the targets we have to defend aceasta este cea mai vulnerabil. this is the most vulnerable. Dac aliatii nostri au nevoie de bombardiere - If our allies need bombers, putem s le dm cteva. we can give them some. Aceste cauciucuri sunt cele mai bune. - These tyres are the best. Orice msur de aprare ne va ajuta. - Any defensive measure will help. Te intereseaz aceste fapte? - Are you interested in these facts? Recapitulare final: El a crezut c nu vor fi reclamatii, dar au fost patru. - He thought there would be no complaints, but there were four. Stiu c ideile tale sunt mai bune dect ale mele. - I know your ideas are better than my own.
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A trebuit s cutm port-avioane, dar nu am gsit - We had to look for aircraft carriers, but we didnt niciunul. find any. Mi-am pierdut pusca si am luat-o pe a lui Mark. - I had lost my own rifle and took Marks. Nu crede c un tanc poate fi folosit oriunde. - Dont think that a tank can be used anywhere. Oricine poate vedea c dusmanul va pierde rzboiul.- Anybody can see that the enemy is losing the war. Oricine poate transporta aceste cartuse. - Anybody can carry these cartridges. Orice bombardier cu reactie poate distruge acele tinte- Any set bomber can destroy those targets. Ei au decolat pentru a ataca fabrici de munitie. - They took off to attack ammunition factories. Ce s-a decis n legtur cu armele nucleare? - What has been decided about nuclear weapons? Nu trebuie s folosim bomba atomic. - We mustnt use the atom-bomb. Aliatii nostri au capitulat. - Our allies have surrendered. Ce arme defensive au bombardierele lor? - What defensive weapons have their bombers got? Dou avoiane ale flotei militare au disprut dup - Two naval aircraft were missing after lupta aerian. the air battle. Care dintre navele lor este cea mai vulnerabil? - Which of their ships is the most vulnerable? S-a tras si asupra avioanelor civile. - Also civilian planes were fired at. Ai observat numrul mare de tunuri anti-aeriene? - Have you noticed the large number of Anti-aircraft guns? Ei au intrat n marina militar. - They have joined the navy. Acum nu trebuie s-i cutm. - We neednt look for them now. Nu sunt cunoscute nc toate faptele legate - All the facts about that war are not yet known. de acel rzboi. S-au fcut putine greseli tactice. - A few tactical mistakes were made. Nu-i lsa s vorbeasc despre arme! - Let them not talk about weapons. S-au construit multe avioane n anii 70. - In the 70s (seventies) a lot of aircraft were built. Te intereseaz aceste msuri? - Are you interested in these measures?

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