1. Abrasion: The process of scraping or rubbing. 2. Bedrock: The solid layer of rock beneath the soil on Earth's surface.

3. Chemical weathering: The process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical actions. 4. Climate effects on glaciers: If it's too hot, they shrink and melt. If it gets colder, it gets bigger. This usually happens very slowly, but anything can affect peoples' lives. 5. Deposition: The dropping or putting down of worn-down rock or soil. 6. Earthquake Weathering: Tectonic plates move, causing cracks and breaks in the ground. 7. Effects: Changes caused by the action of the forces. 8. Erosion: A process in which the materials of Earth's surface are transported from one place to another. 9. Eskers: A long, winding ridge formed when sand and gravel fill melt-water tunnels beneath a glacier. 10. Floods: Melt-water from glaciers overflow into rivers causing floods. Solution: Stop Global Warming! 11. Forces: Causes of movement or change. 12. Forces That Can Change Landforms: Ice, Water, Wind, Earthquakes & Volcanoes. 13. Glacier: A slowly moving, large mass of ice. 14. Glacier studying: Two reasons: To know their effect on Earth's surface and the people who live near them. 15. Global Warming: The rising temperature of Earth's climate. 16. Ice Effects on People: Water Shortage. Floods. (Scientists try to find ways to stop it) 17. Ice Erosion: Melt-water and glaciers move sediment around.

18. Ice Weathering: Melt-water fills into cracks in a rock, then freezes and pushes open the rock. Called Ice Wedging. 19. Landforms: Form of land, natural features of the earth's surface. 20. Mechanical weathering: The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces. 21. Moraine: Accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier/A ridge formed by the till at the edge of a glacier. 22. Outwashes: Wide, flat plains made of sand and gravel that were moved by melt-water flowing out of a glacier. 23. Water Erosion: Water moves sediment around. 24. Water Shortage: Villages depend on melt-water from glaciers for water, so when the entire glacier melts and is non-existing, they have no water. Solution: Stop Global Warming! (Happens in several countries in South America and Asia) 25. Water Weathering: The water in the river wears away rocks at the bottom. 26. Weathering: The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. 27. Wind Effects on People: Wind carries away sediment and blows away trees in farmlands, and covers them to make dunes. Solution: Plant more trees for the roots to hold them strong when wind comes! 28. Wind Erosion: Wind moves sediment around. 29. Wind Weathering: Repeatedly pushes at rock and wears it away.