Rosetta Stone for Unix

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A Sysadmin's Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) OR What do they call that in this world?
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Framed version.
OS versions in parentheses; e.g. 10+ means version 10 and greater; 9- means version 9 and previous. $=extra cost
If not specified, commands are in one of the following directories: /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /sbin, /bin
Files referenced may be either commands, configuration files, or directly-referenced text files. Use the man command to read the man pages for details such as command options.
Categories:

hardware, firmware, devices disks kernel, boot, swap files, volumes

networking security, backup software, patching, tracing, logging references

TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
Fujitsu Siemens. Based on Cray Inc., formed
(rh) = Red Hat, Derived from 4.4BSD- Forked from NetBSD in SCO UnixWare 7.0.1&
By IBM, with input from Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite DC/OSX from Pyramid, from the March
Mandrake, Suse,... Darwin is the Open Source Lite and 386BSD. This 1995. Security emphasis. SCO UnixWare 7.1.1 Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9 (Digital Unix, OSF/1) An early DEC Unix,
System V, BSD, etc. etc. Runs Data General was aquired and 386BSD. This table does SINIX Solaris 1.* 2000 merger of
OS notes Hewlett-Packard. SGI. SVR4-based (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... foundation for Mac OS X, aka MP-RAS table does not include This table does not became Caldera Open (SunOS 5.*) (4)= 4.0F/G superceded by Digital OS notes
mainly on IBM RS/6000 and by EMC in 1999. not include external (mand) = Mandrake from Siemens, and SVR4. BSD-based Tera Computer
descended from NeXTStep external packages from include external packages Unix and later became SVR4-based (5)= 5.0A Unix (now Tru64).
related hardware. packages from /usr/ports. (SuSE) = SuSE To be replaced with Company and Cray
/usr/pkg. from /usr/ports. SCO again. SVR4-based.
Solaris by 2008. Research
(rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-
/stand/sysinstall config*
/usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr solstice
smit pw (rh) redhat-config* sysadm checklist
(6.3+) Aqua: System Preferences, admintool checklist
administrative GUI smitty sysadm adduser rmuser sam linuxconf (obsolete) sysadm sushi ? WebSysAdmin scoadmin ? ? /etc/install/install administrative GUI
toolchest NetInfo Manager smc (8 01/01+) (5) sysman
wsm vipw (SuSE) yast2 xmenu
/usr/Cadmin/bin/*
chpass (deb) dpkg-reconfigure
(mand) drakconf
/usr/sysadm/privbin/
lsuser addUserAccount useradd useradd useradd useradd
adduser useradd useradd xadmin
mkuser useradd userdel Aqua: System userdel sysadm scoadmin userdel adduser
useradd rmuser userdel userdel edit /etc/passwd and adduser udbgen
managing users chuser userdel passmgmt adduser Preferences / Accounts userinfo useradd useradd usermod userdel managing users
userdel pw usermod adduser (interactive) create home directory removeuser udbrstrict
rmuser usermod chage niutil usermod userdel userdel /usr/sadm/bin/smuser (9+) removeuser
vipw sysadm usermod nu scripts
usrck /usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople user groupadd

TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
prtconf -v
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/
ioscan dmesg (if you're lucky) dia -R full
sbin/prtdiag -v (sun4u and
dmesg (if you're lucky) /proc/* vmstat -P
hwconfig sun4d only)
adb lshw autoconf -l hwmgr -get category
hw arch -k
prtconf dmesg model dmidecode prtconf dmesg showconf (5) hwmgr -show machid
hostinfo scoadmin/DCU psrinfo -v
lscfg cat /var/run/dmesg.boot stm (from the SupportPlus CDROM) lspci devstat more dmesg uname -p devices getconf
list hardware configuration dg_sysreport -g hardware hinv ioreg -bls isainfo -v dmesg (if you're lucky) ? list hardware configuration
lsattr pciconf -l bdf (like most vendors' df) lspnp machinetype /var/run/dmesg.boot cat /var/run/dmesg.boot uname -M psrinfo uname -a
system_profiler /usr/lib/X11/testtools/ dmesg
lsdev eeprom (SPARC only) getconf lsusb more /etc/.osm cat /kern/msgbuf mpcntl -I pset_info
z35SysInfo iostat -En
machinfo (11.23+) lsmod sys_check
prtfru
print_manifest (SuSE) hwinfo /usr/bin/X11/dxsysinfo
cfgadm -l
/etc/path_to_inst

show/set nvram /dev/nvram (if you have it) openprom (on in bdm show/set
dg_sysctl | setboot
EEPROM/NVRAM bootlist -o -m normal ? printenv/setenv (at hwclock nvram eeprom OpenFirmware (at boot stop ? eeprom eeprom (4.0D+) consvar ? ? EEPROM/NVRAM
grep BOOTPATH stm
values command monitor) nvsetenv architectures) or ctrl-a) values
(3.2.*) scu scan edt
modprobe (4.0) scu scan edt; disklabel -rw
scsiha -pr devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7 HW
camcontrol ioscan -fnCdevtype; kerneld rzXX label (for disks)
ioconfig -f /hw (automatic — devmgmt scsictl reinitdev 11/99, use:
add device without reboot cfgmgr -v N/A atacontrol insf -Cdevtype insmod ? mkdev MKDEV (5.x) dsfmgr -k; disklabel -rw ? ? add device without reboot
scsiadminswap autdodiskmounter) mktable atactl changedev drvconfig; devlinks; {disks,
kldload hotplug dskn auto
-b bus -p tapes, ports}
cardctl hwmgr -scan scsi

/dev/ios0/rstape001 /dev/nrmtXh where

/dev/tape
tape device /dev/rmt0 /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rsa0 /dev/rmt/0m /dev/st0 ? /dev/rmt/c* /dev/st0 /dev/st0 autoconf -1 | /dev/rct0 /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rst0 (5.x) /dev/ntape /dev/tape n=non-rewinding, X a tpmnt tape device
/dev/nrtape
grep TAPE number, h=density
stdin/ stdout/ stderr ? ? /dev/fd/[012] ? /dev/fd/[012] /dev/fd/[012] /dev/fd/[012] ? /dev/fd/[012] ? ? ? /dev/fd/[012] ? ? ? ? stdin/ stdout/ stderr
xf86config
xf86config
/usr/bin/X11/xsetmon XFree86 -configure kdmconfig (x86)
X kvm config ? ? xf86config itemap ? xf86cfg X -configure ? hwconfig ? ? ? ? X kvm config
/usr/gfx/setmon redhat-config-xfree86 fbconfig; m64config; (etc.)
XFree86 -configure
/etc/X11/?dm
TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
disklabel -r
admpdisk -o list diskinfo pdisk rawDev -dump disk
read a disk label lspv -l disklabel -r prtvtoc fdisk -l prtvtoc fdisk -r OR disklabel -rl dkpart -l fsname prtvtoc dkinfo disklabel -r chpt -q ? read a disk label
admvdisk -o list pvdisplay Disk Utility mbrlabel
fdisk
/dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1 (non-root partitions are c or d /dev/ios0/rsdisk???s7
whole disk in partition N/A ? c ? 10 s0 c /dev/1s# (#=0,1,...) 2 c c c ? whole disk in partition
is a partition) mounted under /Volumes) sysctl kern.rawpartition (???=000-999)
sysadm
fdisk
edvtoc
fdisk dvhtool cfdisk format
prtvtoc disklabel -wr
label a disk mkvg admpdisk disklabel -wr pvcreate fx -x fdisk (labels unused) disklabel -wr dksetup divvy prtvtoc format disklabel -rw chpt -a /etc/labelit label a disk
mkpart mbrlabel
sysinstall e2label (x86) fdisk
updatescsi
labelit

parted (if you have it)

fdisk
fdisk lvcreate format
partition a disk mklv admpdisk fx pdisk (on a MAC) pdisk fdisk disklabel -i fdisk -e OR disklabel -E dkpart -e divvy format disklabel -e chpt -p /etc/install/install partition a disk
sysinstall sam fmthard
(deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC)
(mand) diskdrake
TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
/boot/vmlinuz*
/boot/bootlx /unix /kernel/genunix
/platform/`uname -m`/
/kernel /hpux (9) /unix
kernel /unix /dgux /unix /mach_kernel /netbsd /bsd /unix kernel/unix /vmunix /vmunix /vmunix /unicos kernel
/boot/kernel/kernel /stand/vmunix (10+) (see /etc/lilo.conf or /stand/unix /stand/unix
/platform/`uname -m`/
/boot/grub/menu.lst)
kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+)

sysdef
/boot/kernel.conf sam adb
/usr/samples/kernel/vmtune /proc/* sysdef idtune getconf
vi /var/Build/ /boot/loader.conf sysdef
(installed with the bos /proc/sys/* getconf sysctl sysctl cat /etc/opt/cf.d/stune cat /etc/system dxkerneltuner adb
show/set kernel parameters system.hostname;; sysctl kmtune (11+) systune /usr/sbin/sysctl /etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x /usr/kvm/sys/ ? show/set kernel parameters
adt.samples fileset) sysctl /etc/conf/cf.d/ /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf cat /etc/opt/cf.d/mtune ndd sysconfig kdb
reboot /etc/sysctl.conf kctune (11.23+) `arch -k`/conf
/usr/sbin/no (network-related) /etc/sysctl.conf quicktune.cfg sysdef -i adb -k
getconf

(rh) mkbootdisk installboot /usr/platform/ /usr/kvm/mdec

boot0cfg (deb) fdisk -A fdisk -i `uname -m` installboot [-hltv] (4.x+) disklabel -rw -t
make disk bootable bosboot -a dg_sysctl mkboot dvhtool bless dklayout ? dksetup ? ? ? make disk bootable
disklabel (and lilo to manipulate mbr) installboot /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk protobootblk [ufs|advfs]
raw_device_file bootdevice
/etc/rc* (9)
/System/Library/ /etc/rc*
/etc/rc* (4-) /etc/rc*
/etc/rc.config.d (preferred) /etc/rc* /etc/rc* (but may vary) StartupItems/*, /etc/rc /etc/init.d/
startup scripts /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /etc/rc.d/* (5+) /etc/init.d /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /etc/rc* /sbin/init.d; links in /sbin/rc?.d /etc/rc* ? startup scripts
/sbin/rc* (10+) /etc/init.d/ /etc/init.d/ /Library/StartupItems/, /etc/rc.* /etc/rc* (10+) svcadm
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/*
/sbin/init.d/ /etc/rc* /etc/rc.d/* (10+) svcs

(set in /etc/inittab) 0: firmware monitor

0: shut down
0: power-down 0: shutdown 0: power-down s,S: single-user
s,S: single-user (set in /etc/inittab) run levels 1
run levels 1 -1*: permanently insecure s,S: single-user s,S: single-user -1: permanently s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 0: shut down 0: shut down
1: sys admin 0: halt -1: permanently insecure *=normal states
*=normal states 0: insecure 1: sys admin 1: sys admin insecure 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 1: single user 1: single user
2: multiuser 2: multiuser s,S,1: vendor-dependent 0*: insecure for more detail
for more detail ? 1: secure 2: multiuser (no NFS) ? 2*: multi-user 0*: insecure 2*: multiuser ? 3*: share NFS ? 2: multi-user, no NFS 2: multi-user, no NFS ?
6: reboot 3*: share NFS 1: single-user 1*: secure see
see 2: highly secure 3*: multiuser 3: share NFS 1*: secure 3+4*: user-defined 4*: user-defined 3: multi-user 3: multi-user
4*: start GUI 2-5*: multiuser 2: highly secure www.phildev.net/runlevels.html
www.phildev.net/runlevels.html 3: network secure 4: user-defined 4: user-defined 2: highly secure 5: firmware update 5: power-down if possible 6: reboot 6: reboot
5: user-defined 6: reboot
5: firmware monitor 5: firmware 6: reboot 6: reboot
6: user-defined
6: reboot
show runlevel 1 who -r who -r sysctl kern.securelevel who -r who -r /sbin/runlevel (runlevels unused) who -r sysctl kern.securelevel sysctl kern.securelevel who -r who -r who -r ? who -r ? who -r show runlevel 1

http://bhami.com/rosetta.html (1 of 4) [9/4/2006 2:40:42 PM]

 Rosetta Stone for Unix
/etc/localtime /usr/lib/locale/TZ/ /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo/
time zone info /etc/environment ($TZ) /etc/TIMEZONE /usr/lib/tztab /usr/share/zoneinfo/ /usr/share/zoneinfo/ /usr/lib/locale/TZ ? ? /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/ ? /etc/zoneinfo ? ? time zone info
/usr/share/zoneinfo /etc/TIMEZONE /usr/share/zoneinfo/ /etc/localtime
swapon -s
admswap -o list -buv swap -s
swapinfo swap -s cat /proc/meminfo ls -l /var/vm swap -s swap -s
check swap space lsps -a dg_sysreport -p freeswap swapinfo swap -l swapctl -l swapctl swap -l pstat -s swapon -s ? /etc/swapper check swap space
pstat -s swap -l cat /proc/swaps vm_stat swap -l swap -l
systat -swap sar -r
free
TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
hfs ext2 (4) ufs
ufs/ffs/ufs2 (5+) ufs vxfs NC1FS
"normal" filesystem jfs dg/ux vxfs (11.0+) efs, xfs ext3 vxfs ffs (was ufs) ffs (was ufs) htfs ufs 4.2 (5) AdvFS ufs "normal" filesystem
ext2 hfs+ ufs (root) C2FS
ReiserFS
ccd
jfs (vxfs) LVM, LVM2
vinum vdisk Solstice DiskSuite Advfs
volume-based filesystem jfs admvdisk LVM xlv, xvm, xfs EVMS ? ccd vdisk vdisk ? N/A ? volume-based filesystem
geom (5+) VxVM ccd, raidframe VxVM ($) LSM
VxVM ($) VxVM ($) raid

/etc/mnttab
/etc/checklist
/etc/default/filesys
file system (9) /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab file system
/etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/fstab NetInfo /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab (local) /etc/vfstab (local) /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/fstab
description /etc/fstab /etc/dktab AdvFS: /etc/fdmns description
/etc/rmtab (remote)
(10+)

meta*
(Solstice DiskSuite;
smitty vg vinum
Solaris Volume Mgr (9+))
smitty lvm ccdconfig AdvFS: mkfdmn, mkfset,
e2fsadm (7-, found in
smitty jfs geom (5.3+) vg*; lv*; pv* xlv_mgr dkconfig addvol, showfdmn
lvcreate ccdconfig ccdconfig /usr/opt/SUNWmd/
volume manipulation mkvg; chvg; rmvg sysadm gstripe (5.3+) extendfs xvm Disk Utility / pdisk vxva dkmirror ? ? LSM: volassist or volmake, ? /etc/install/install volume manipulation
lvremove raidctl raidctl sbin/)
mklv; chlv; rmlv gmirror (5.3+) fsadm dkmap volume, volplex and volsd,
lvextend
mkfs; crfs; rmfs graid3 (5.3+) volprint
/opt/VRTSvxva/bin/vxva
(Veritas Volume Mgr) ($)

mke2fs newfs AdvFS: mkfdmn bb

mkfs newfs mkfs newfs newfs newfs
create filesystem crfs admfilesystem newfs mkfs mkreiserfs newfs_hfs mkfs newfs divvy UFS: newfs mkfs create filesystem
newfs makefs newfs mkfs mkfs mkfs
mkdosfs newfs_mdos MFS: mfs labelit
fsck
dfsck fsck fsck fsck fsck fsck fsck
file system debugging and fsck fsck fsdb fsck file system debugging and
fsck fsdb debugfs fsdb ? fsdb fsdb ? fsdb ? ? ? ?
recovery fsdb fsdb clri fsdb recovery
fsdb clri e2undel clri clri clri clri
xfs_repair
truncate -s size[K|M|G]
filename mkfile dd if=/dev/zero dd if=/dev/zero dd if=/dev/zero mkfile dd if=/dev/zero
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename dd if=/dev/zero of=filename
create non-0-length empty file lmktemp ? dd if=/dev/zero of=filename prealloc mkfile dd if=/dev/zero of=filename of=filename bs=1024 of=filename bs=1m of=filename bs=1024k dd if=/dev/zero of=filenmae bs=1024 mkfile mkfile ? ? create non-0-length empty file
bs=1024k count=desired bs=1024k count=desired
bs=size[b|k|m|g] \ bs=1024 count=desired count=desired count=desired count=desired of=filename bs=1k count=desired
count=desired
pfs_mountd
pfsd
pfs_mount
mount -v cdrfs -o ro (see man mediad) mount /dev/disk/cdromXa
mount /dev/dsk/cxtydz /etc/init.d/vold start; volcheck
/dev/cd0 /cdrom mount -F cdfs /mnt
mount -t cdrom mount /cdrom /SD_CDROM mount /mnt/cdrom (automatic — mount -t cd9660 -o ro mount -t cd9660 -r mount -F hs ... or mount -t hsfs -r
mount CDROM (mounts automatically /dev/cdrom/cdromX mount /dev/cd0 path mount -t cdfs -o noversion ? ? mount CDROM
/dev/pdsk/disk/cdrom mount_cd9660 (deb) mount /cdrom autdodiskmounter) /dev/cd0a path /dev/cd0a path sysadm mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
smitty cdrom when CD inserted) /cdrom /dev/disk/cdrom3c /cdrom
mount -orr /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom
(requires "Rock Ridge extension"
patches, 11+)

makefs -t cd9660 mkhybrid -o image.iso dir

mkisofs mkisofs2;DEVICE=`lofiadm -a
image_file directory;
/absolute_pathname/image.iso`
vnconfig -c vnd0 vnconfig vnd0 image.iso
create/mount ISO image ? ? mdconfig; mount ? ? mount -o loop pathToIso hdiutil ? ? ? ; mount -F hsfs -o ro ? ? ? ? create/mount ISO image
image_file; && mount -t cd9660
mountPoint $DEVICE
mount -t /dev/vnd0c mountPoint
cd9660 /dev/vnd0a
aclget lsacl chacl
getfacl
aclput chacl getfacl getfacl
ACL management ? setfacl ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ACL management
acledit getacl (see man acl) setfacl setfacl
{get,set}{f,p}mac
ls -e setacl
TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
NetInfo: /exports
/etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/dfstab
NFS share definitions /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports Netinfo: /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports ? /etc/exports NFS share definitions
/etc/xtab dfshares /etc/dfs/sharetab dfshares
/config/SharePoints
kill -s HUP `cat
kill -s HUP `cat /etc/init.d/nfs-server reload kill -s HUP `cat share kill -HUP `cat share exportfs -a share /sbin/init.d/nfs start;
NFS share command exportfs -a exportfs -a exportfs -a exportfs -a /var/run/mountd.pid` exportfs -a ? exportfs -a NFS share command
/var/run/mountd.pid` (rh) exportfs -a /var/run/mountd.pid` shareall /var/run/mountd.pid` shareall /etc/nfs start shareall /sbin/init.d/nfsmount start
/etc/rc.d/mountd reload
showmount
NFS information ? nfsstat nfsstat nfsstat mount | grep nfs cat /proc/mounts ? ? nfsstat nfsstat ? ? nfsstat ? ? ? ? NFS information

/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/host.conf (4-) 6+: /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf tcpconfig /etc/nsswitch.conf (hardcoded
name resolution order /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf NetInfo /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/netconfig ? /etc/svc.conf (obsolete) ? /etc/hosts.usenamed name resolution order
/etc/nsswitch.conf (5+) 5.3: /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/netconfig getent into libc)
(obsolete)
ifconfig -a lanadmin ifconfig -a ndd
ifconfig -a
no -a landiag ifconfig -a netstat -in ifconfig -a ifconfig -a
netstat -i ifconfig -a ifconfig ifconfig -a inetstat -in ifconfig -a
show network interface info netstat -i ifconfig -a lanscan ifconfig -a ildconfig ifconfig -A Network Config. Mgr. netstat -in ifconfig -a netstat -in ifconfig show network interface info
ifconfig netstat -ia ethtool netstat -in etherstat netstat -in
netstat -v netstat -in netstat -in (GUI) (8+) kstat -n hme0 | egrep
cmxinfo
lsattr -E -l entX ifconfig lanx 'ifspeed|duplex'
(rh) redhat-config-network
(fedora) system-config-
edit: /etc/{resolv.conf, hosts,
network
edit: /etc/{hosts, hostname.*, netmasks,
(rh) edit: /etc/hosts,
sys_id, edit nodename, netconfig
smitty chinet /etc/sysconfig/network,
edit /etc/rc.conf (option resolv.conf, /etc/ifconfig.interface ifconfig dumpadm.conf, inet/ipnodes, ifconfig
/etc/sysconfig/ System Preferences: sysadm (4.x) netsetup
ifconfig_interfacename) /sbin/set_parms initial TIMEZONE}, ifconfig net/*/hosts} edit /etc/hosts initif
change IP chdev -a netaddr= sysadm network-scripts/ Network edit /etc/hostname.driver ifconfig (temp.) (5.x) sysman net_wizard or ? change IP
ifconfig /etc/config/ tcpconfig edit /etc/rc.conf netconfig /etc/hostname.*
newIP -I en# ifcfg-eth0 NetInfo vi /etc/default/inet netconfig
ifconfig {static-route.options, (ifconfig*) sys-unconfig; reboot (this is /etc/install/install
(deb) edit
ifconfig-1.options}; overkill for a simple IP or
/etc/network/interfaces;
reboot hostname change)
/etc/init.d/networking
restart

start DHCP client ? dhcpd dhclient ? proclaim dhcpcd ? ? dhclient ? ? ? ifconfig interface dhcp ? ? ? ? start DHCP client
ping hostname 10 1 (9) ping hostname ping -c 1
ping one packet ping -c 1 hostname ping -s -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping hostname packetsize 1 ? ping hostname ping one packet
ping hostname -n 1 (10+) packetsize 1
etherfind
nettl
iptrace snoop tcpdump
sniff network tcpdump tcpdump netfmt tcpdump tcpdump tcpdump tcpdump tcpdump ? snoop etherfind tcpdump ? ? sniff network
ipreport tcpdump ethereal
etherape
/etc/defaultrouter
route
netstat -r /etc/notrouter
edit /etc/rc.conf (option (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network tcpconfig netstat -r /etc/defaultrouter
route show /etc/gateways
netstat -r defaultrouter) /etc/rc.config.d/netconf /etc/config/ (rh) /etc/sysconfig/static- /etc/inet/defaultrouter (kernel tweak or
route definitions sysadm netstat -r /etc/rc.conf netstat -r netstat -r in.routed /etc/routes ? netstat -r route definitions
smitty route netstat -r netstat -r static-route.options routes /etc/inet/gate* route show adb to diable
/etc/mygate netstat -r
route (deb) /etc/init.d/network netstat -r forwarding)
route add
(deb) /etc/network

/etc/motd
/etc/issue.net (telnet) /etc/issue
/etc/ftpwelcome /etc/issue.net /etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue
telnetd, ftpd banner /etc/security/login.cfg ? /etc/ftpwelcome /etc/inetd.conf (telnet) /etc/issue (ftp varies; can use tcp /etc/ftpwelcome ~ftp/etc/issue /etc/issue ? n/a /etc/issue ? telnetd, ftpd banner
/etc/issue if enabled via /etc/ftpwelcome /etc/default/ftpd /etc/motd
wrappers) ~ftp/etc/msgs/welcome
if= in /etc/gettytab
ntpdate
set date/time ntpdate set date/time
ntpdate ? ? ntpdate timeslave rdate ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ntpdate ? ?
(from net: ntp or other) rdate (from net: ntp or other)
netdate
TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
/etc/passwd (not Trusted)
/.secure/etc/passwd (Trusted 9)
/etc/master.passwd /etc/master.passwd /tcb/files/auth (only with
encrypted passwords in /etc/security/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/master.passwd /tcb/files/auth/ /etc/shadow /etc/shadow (may vary) NetInfo /etc/shadow /etc/shadow /etc/shadow /etc/shadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/udb encrypted passwords in
(/etc/spwd.db) (/etc/pwd.db) Enhanced Security)
(10+)
/etc/shadow (11.22+)
allow/deny root /etc/login.access; allow/deny root
/etc/security/user /etc/default/login /etc/securetty /etc/default/login /etc/securetty /etc/ttys (doesn't affect ssh) /etc/default/login /etc/ttys /etc/ttys /etc/default/login /dev/default/login /etc/default/login /dev/ttytab /etc/securettys /etc/securettys udbrestrict -R
logins /etc/ttys logins

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 Rosetta Stone for Unix
/etc/ipf.conf
iptables /etc/ipf6.conf
ipfw ipchains Aqua / System Prefs /
pfctl
firewall config ? ? ipf /etc/opt/ipf/ipf.conf /etc/ipf.conf ipfwadm Sharing / Firewall ? ? ? (9+) /usr/aset/ ? ? ? ? firewall config
pfctl (3.0+) /etc/pf.conf
pf (rh) redhat-config- ipfw
/etc/pf.conf (3.0+)
securitylevel

TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
ls /Applications
(rh) rpm -a -i Apple System Profiler
pkg_info versions (rh) rpm -qa system_profiler swconfig pkginfo
ls /var/db/pkg rmfn, what (HP-UX 9) showfiles (rh) yum list installed ls /Network/Applications displaypkg pkginfo -l displaypkg prodreg
show installed software lslpp -L pkginfo pkg_info pkg_info ? setld -i ? ? show installed software
swlist (HP-UX 10+) showprods (deb) dselect /Network/Users/*/ pkginfo sysadm pkginfo admintool
(deb) aptitude Applications /var/sadm/install/contents
(deb) dpkg -l /Users/*/Applications

smitty install_all
smitty installp (rh) rpm -hiv
/stand/sysinstall custom
(rh) yum install pkg
/usr/ports make inst installpkg pkgadd pkg_add pkg_add pkgadd installpkg
add software /usr/lib/instl/sm_inst sysadm swinstall (deb) dselect pkgadd ? setld -l ? ? add software
pkg_add swmgr drag-and-drop pkgplus /usr/pkgsrc && make /usr/ports && make sysadm SCOadmin (GUI)
installp_cmd -a (deb) apt-get install pkg
portinstall (from /usr/ports)
-d 'device' '-c' '-N' '-g' '-X' (deb) dpkg -i

precompiled binaries of
GPLware and freeware
fink.sourceforge.net
www-1.ibm.com/servers/ www.linux.org
aix/products/aixos/linux/ hpux.cs.utah.edu freeware.sgi.com linux.tucows.com www.tru64unix.compaq.com/
http://www.signal42.com/ ftp.freebsd.org/ darwinports.opendarwin ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/
download.html www.sgi.com/fun sourceforge.net ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/ www.caldera.com/ www.sunfreeware.com demos precompiled binaries of
xfree86/4.2.0/binaries/ pub/FreeBSD .org ? pub/OpenBSD/<version>/ ? ? ? ?
aixpdslib.seas.ucla.edu/ hpux.connect.org.uk nekochan.net rpmfind.net NetBSD/packages skunkware www.blastwave.org tpegsrvr.zk3.dec.com/ GPLware and freeware
DGUX-ix86/ www.freebsd.org packages
aixpdslib.html (deb) ftp.debian.org freeware/tbl_packages.html
darwinports.com
bullfreeware.com (deb) packages.debian.org

/opt/softbench/bin/cc ($)
/opt/MIPSpro/
/usr/sde/default/usr/bin/cc /bin/cc (9) /usr/bin/cc /opt/SUNWspro/
C compiler /usr/ibmcxx/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc (gcc) bin/cc ($) gcc /usr/bin/cc (gcc) /usr/bin/cc (gcc) /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc /opt/ctl/bin/cc C compiler
gcc /usr/bin/cc (10+; not necessarily (Metaware) bin/cc2
/usr/bin/cc
ANSI; kernel builder only)
sw_vers
Apple:About This Mac
versions -b | grep patch ls /Library/Receipts showrev -p dupatch -track -type kit
(rh) rpm -q cat /kern/version
show patch level instfix -ivq swlist -l product | (6.4-) uname -a uname -a prodreg (2.6+) showrev -p dupatch -track -type patch show patch level
what /dgux uname -a (rh) cat /proc/version pkginfo -l uname -a sysctl -n kern.version swconfig -P ? ?
and/or patches oslevel -r grep PHsomeString uname -R (6.5+) lsbom pkginfo | grep EKS patchadd -p (if you're lucky) setld -i | grep patchname and/or patches
(deb) dpkg -s /etc/release
cat /System/Library/ cat /etc/release sizer -vB
CoreServices/
SystemVersion.plist
apt-get update
installpatch (2.5.1-)
apt-get upgrade System Preferences /
installp (cvsup or cvs to update, update (9) inst pkgadd cvs pkgadd patchadd (2.6+) setld -i
patch tool dg_sysreport -p patches (rh) up2date Software Update cvs/CTM ? n/a ? ? patch tool
smitty update_all then rebuild) swinstall (10+) swmgr pkgplus patch sysadm pkgadd dupatch
(rh) yum update softwareupdate
/usr/sadm/bin/smpatch (9+)
(mand) urpmi
configure/show crle configure/show
runtime linking ldd chatr ldd ldconfig ldd ldd runtime linking
fortran-2000.com/ dump -H ldd ldd odump -Dl fortran-2000.com/
? ldconfig ldd (11+) rld ldd otool -L nm ldd ? pldd ldd ? ?
ldd ldconfig ldconfig ldd
ArnaudRecipes/ kldstat kmadmin _RLD_LIST lsmod ldconfig modinfo ArnaudRecipes/
sharedlib.html LD_PRELOAD sharedlib.html
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(64-bit) $LD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
link library path $LIBPATH $LIBPATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH man dyld $LD_LIBRARY_PATH ? $LD_LIBRARY_PATH ? (7+ deprecated in favor of $LD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH ? $LDPATH link library path
$SHLIB_PATH $RLD*_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf /etc/ld.so.conf
crle)
(32- or 64-bit)
trace truss
strace ktrace
syscalls ?=dg_strace ktrace trace (freeware) par ktrace; kdump ktrace truss sotruss trace cdbx
tracing utility ltrace truss ktruss ? trace ? tracing utility
truss (>=4.20MU06) truss tusc (11+, freeware) prfstat fs_usage ptrace scstat dtrace (10+) truss jumptrace
kdump
watch
/etc/default /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/profile
/etc/security/ /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/default/login /etc/default/login
/etc/PATH /etc/profile /etc/security/ /etc/skel/* /etc/skel /etc/skel udbgen
define user defaults mkuser.default admuser -o set /etc/login.conf /usr/bin/defaults /etc/profile /etc/skel/* /etc/profile ? /etc/profile /etc/profile define user defaults
/etc/MANPATH /etc/skel/ /etc/login.conf /etc/profile /etc/profile nu scripts
/etc/environment /etc/security/ login.conf $HOME/.profile /etc/security/
/etc/default/*
csh global .login ? ? /etc/csh.login /etc/csh.login /etc/cshrc /etc/csh.login /etc/csh.login /etc/.login /etc/csh.login /etc/csh.login ? ? /etc/.login ? /etc/csh.login ? /etc/login csh global .login
/var/adm/messages /var/adm/messages
/var/log/syslog (4.x+) /var/adm/messages
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/streams /var/adm/syslog.dated
/var/adm/syslog /var/adm/SYSLOG /var/log/messages /usr/adm/syslog /var/adm/messages /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern,
default syslog and messages /var/adm/messages /var/log/messages /var/adm/sulog /var/log/system.log /var/adm/usererr /var/log/messages /var/log/messages /var/adm/log/messages /var/log/syslog (kern, auth, daemon, /usr/adm/messages default syslog and messages
/var/adm/messages /var/adm/sulog /usr/adm/messages /var/adm/log/osmlog /var/log/syslog auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user)
/var/spool/mqueue/syslog /etc/.osm (sendmail) lpr, syslog, user)
/var/log/maillog /var/adm/binary.errlog
/var/adm/binary.errlog
sysmon
(4.x) uerf; dia (DECevent)
dmesg amsyslog
dmesg sysadm (5.x) (System errors) EVM
dmesg sysdiag (9 and early10) availmon Console odm dmesg
system error reporting tool errpt admsyslog -o report dmesg log3 dmesg prtdiag dmesg (evmget; evmshow) uerf errpt system error reporting tool
send-pr stm/cstm/mstm/xstm (10.20+) eventmond /var/log/crash.log, dmesg errpt cat /kern/msgbuf
(deb) reportbug WebSysAdmin (Hardware errors) dia; ca
EMS (from support CD) imdmonitor
(Compqaq analyze)
syserrpanel
sar; xsar; tsar;
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ xsam;
pcp; dkstat; pmkstat; vm_stat; nfsstat; sar; pinfo -v; xscc; xns; xnetmon;
aix/tools/perftools/perfpmr sar; iostat; kstat;
sar top; sar; vmstat; sar; osview; gr_osview; fs_usage; sc_usage; modstat; netstat; nfsstat; perfmon;
fstat; nfsstat; systat; vmstat; vmstat iostat; netstat; systat; iostat; pstat; systat; vmstat; mpstat; dkstat; mpstat; netstat; nfsstat; iostat; nfsstat; vmstat iostat; nfsstat; vmstat
performance monitoring netstat iostat; nfsstat; netstat; ecstats; linkstat; netstat; top nfsstat; pppstat; ? iostat; netstat; vmstat ja; performance monitoring
vmstat; iostat; sar; filemon; netstat; uustat; top; iostat procinfo -D vmstat vmstat sar; netstat; scstat prstat; trapstat; vmstat; ptree /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar
uustat uustat; Glance($) nfsstat; nfsvis; nodevis; Activity Monitor (10.3+) smtpstat; snmpstat; mppview;
topas; trace; svmon; netpmon routervis; nstats; top Process Viewer (10.2-) uustat; top xmppview;
sam; csam

fuser
lsof lsof lsof
match process to file or port procfiles (5.2+, files only) fuser fuser lsof fuser fstat fstat fuser ? lsof2 ? ? ? ? match process to file or port
sockstat fuser netstat -atup
pfiles

X pop-up /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds ? ? /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds /usr/bin/X11/xconfirm /usr/X11R6/bin/xmessage ? ? ? ? ? ? /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds ? ? ? ? X pop-up

TASK \ OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Tru64 Ultrix UNICOS OS / TASK
www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/
www.linuxdoc.org/ FAQ/
www.darwinfo.org/
techpubs.sgi.com/library/ FAQ/Linux-FAQ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/
www.faqs.org/faqs/ faq.shtml
www-csc.dg.com/csc/ www.freebsd.org/doc/ www.faqs.org/faqs/ tpl/cgi- www.netbsd.org/ x86/FAQ/ www.faqs.org/faqs/ www2.tru64.org/faq/ www.supelec.fr/decus/ www.spikynorman
FAQs (see also faqs.org) aix-faq/part1/ ? www.openbsd.org/faq ? pcunix.com/SCOFAQ/ FAQs (see also faqs.org)
dguxfaqs1.asp en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq hp/hpux-faq/preamble.html bin/browse.cgi?coll=0650 www.debian.org/doc/ Documentation www.stokely.com/ comp-sys-sun-faq/ tru64_faq.php faq/faq-ultrix.html .net
preamble.html www.macosxhints.com
&db=FAQ FAQ unix.sysadm.resources/
faqs.sun.html
sunhelp.org
www.linumanagers
www.freebsd.org/ .org sun-managers@ tru64-unix-man
AIX-L@pucc. hpux-admin@ decstation-man
handbook/ www.netbsd.org/ www.openbsd.org/ sun-managers@sunmanagers sunmanagers agers@ornl.gov (majordomo)
mailing list princeton.edu ? dutchworks.nl ? lists.apple.com ? ? ? agers@ornl.gov ? mailing list
eresources.html www.linux.org/ MailingLists mail.html .org (majordomo) .ececs.uc.edu http://www.ornl.gov/its/archives/
(LISTSERV) (majordomo) (majordomo)
#ERESOURCES-MAIL help/lists.html (majordomo) mailing-lists/

www.marist.
www.sunmanagers.org/
edu/htbin/wlvindex?
archives.html
ADSM-L www.freebsd. www.dutch www.linuxmanagers.org/
www.netbsd.org/ www.openbsd.org/ www.latech. www-archive. www-archive.
mailing list archives ? org/ search.html# works.nl/ ? pipermail/linuxmanagers lists.apple.com ? ? ? ? mailing list archives
MailingLists mail.html www.latech. edu/sunman.html ornl.gov:8000 ornl. gov:8000
marc.theaimsgroup.com/ mailinglists htbin/hpsysadmin lists.debian.org
edu/sunman.html
?l=aix-l&r=1&w=2

publib.boulder.ibm.com/
man pages
infocenter/pseries/
v5r3/index.jsp?
www.freebsd.org/
topic=/com.ibm.aix.doc/
cgi/man.cgi
infocenter/base/
alphabeticallistofcommands.htm
www.linuxmanpages.com/
man pages
techpubs.sgi.com/ Fedora Core 4:
docs.sun.com/
docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.html library/tpl/cgi- linuxcommand.org/ www.openbsd.org/cgi-
? www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi ? ? ? ? ? app/docs/ ? ? ? ? www.freebsd.org/
hpuxman_pages.html bin/browse.cgi? superman_pages.php bin/man.cgi
coll/40.10 cgi/man.cgi
coll=&db=man
www.tldp.org/docs.html#man

comp.unix.aix comp.unix.bsd. newsgroup(s) and forums

newsgroup(s) and forums comp.unix.bsd comp.os.linux.* (esp comp.unix.bsd. comp.sys.sun. comp.sys.sun
www.thp.uni-duisburg.de/ comp.os.aos comp.sys.hp.hpux comp.sys.sgi.admin comp.sys.mac.* comp.sys.ncr openbsd.misc de.comp.os.unix.sinix comp.unix.sco.misc comp.sys.dec, comp.unix.tru64 comp.unix.ultrix comp.unix.cray groups.google
groups.google freebsd.misc .answers) netbsd.misc admin, comp.unix.solaris admin
cuaix/cuaix.html lucky.openbsd.misc

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 Rosetta Stone for Unix
www.apple.com/
usergroups
www.freebsd.org/ www.omnigroup.com/ www.netbsd.org/gallery/ www.cug.org
user groups www.userblue.org ? www.interex.org ? www.debianhelp.org ? undeadly.org ? ? ? ? Encompass/DECUS ? user groups
support.html#user developer/mailinglists groups.html www.excray.com
www.themacintoshguy.
com/lists/X.html
www.developer. www.hpchronicle.com www.linuxjournal.com
www.sgi.com/support/ www.macworld.com www.sunworld.com
magazines ibm.com/library/aixpert ? www.daemonews.com www.interex.org/hpuxusr www.linux-mag.com ? www.daemonnews.com undeadly.org ? ? ? www.tru64.org ? ? magazines
pipeline.html www.stepwise.com sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld
www.hppro.com www.debianplanet.org
sun.com/solaris
www-csc.dg.com/ www.linux.org sun.com/bigadmin
www.developer.ibm.com/ www.sgi.com/software/ ncr.com www.caldera.com/ www.tru64unix www.supelec.fr/decus/
vendor home page csc/default.asp www.freebsd.org unix.hp.com www.redhat.com www.apple.com www.netbsd.org www.openbsd.org www.fujistu-siemens.com sun.com/developers/support ? www.cray.com vendor home page
tech/map/aixrm.html software.html#IRIX teradata.com products/openunix .compaq.com faq/faq-ultrix.html
www.debian.org soldc.sun.com
access1.sun.com

www.info.ncr.com/
www.redbooks.ibm.com techpubs.sgi.com developer.apple.com/ eCRM-
www.sgi.com/ darwin OSHW-Browse
www-csc.dg.com/csc/ www.openbsd.org/ service.fujitsu-siemens
techsupport.services. www.freebsd.org/handbook docs.hp.com support/patch_intro.html www.linuxdoc.org/ www.info.apple.com/ By-Results.cfm
vendor docs and patches (see custdocsasp/ www.netbsd.org/ docum.html .com docs.sun.com www.tru64unix www.cray.com/ vendor docs and patches (see
ibm.com/ www.freebsd.org/releases/ itrc.hp.com support.sgi.com rpmfind.net/linux/RPM support/downloads.html ?pl=&PID=&title= www.caldera.com/support ? N/A (EOL)
also man pages) custdocs2.asp? Security www.openbsd.org/ its.siemens.com/lobs/its/ sunsolve.sun.com .compaq.com/docs craydoc also man pages)
server/support? 4.0R/errata.html relnotes www.apple.com/support/ &release=
category=069docs.asp errata.html its_sc/eks_en/unix_en.htm
view=pSeries grelnotes security/security.html &pl=Software
%20-%20
MP-RAS&sbrn=3

AIX: 800-237-5511
925-674-0783 (Germany)
vendor phone (US) IBM hardware: ? 800-633-3600 800-800-4SGI ? 1-800-MY-APPLE ? ? ? ? 800-USA-4SUN ? 800-344-4825 800-344-4825 ? vendor phone (US)
(FreeBSD Mall) +49-5251-80
800-426-7378
Tru64
(Digital Unix, OSF/1)
TASK / OS AIX DG/UX FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux Mac OS X NCR Unix NetBSD OpenBSD Reliant SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS 4 Ultrix UNICOS OS \ TASK
(4) 4.0F/G
(5) 5.0A

Footnotes

1. In System V-based Unixes, run level relates to booting, shutdown, and single-user mode. In BSD, it has to do with security.

2. Freeware or separately downloadable; not part of the base OS. See the precompiled binaries task or web search.

Universal Command Guide is a large book which covers several of the OSs in this table. See http://www.allcommands.com

UnixGuide.net has a similar table covering fewer Unix versions and a somewhat different set of tasks. See http://unixguide.net/cgi-bin/unixguide.cgi

coolcommands is a search engine giving one-line command examples: http://www.coolcommands.com/index.php?option=com_cc&Itemid=28

Solaris / HP-UX / FreeBSD / Linux / AIX: http://www.unixporting.com/quickguide.html

Solaris / HP-UX: http://soldc.sun.com/migration/hpux/migissues/. If that page no longer exists, get an archived version from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at http://www.archive.org/web/web.php

AIX 4.3.3 / Solaris 8: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp0104.pdf

Unix history time line: http://www.levenez.com/unix/

Heiner Steven's AWK dialects page: http://www.shelldorado.com/articles/awkcompat.html

Ben Zorn's Debugging Tools for Dynamic Storage Allocation and Memory Management: http://www.cs.colorado.edu/homes/zorn/public_html/MallocDebug.html

Most modern Unixes conform to the POSIX standards: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX

USENIX: http://www.usenix.org/

USENIX System Administrator's Guild: http://sage.org/

League of Professional System Administrators: http://lopsa.org/

This page is http://bhami.com/rosetta.html last updated 2006.09.04. This compilation Copyright © 2000-2006 Bruce Hamilton bhami@pobox.com. Reproduce freely for personal use. Do not reproduce for commercial purposes. LINK don't copy, or you will miss updates! Original concept by Pat Wilson. Thanks to Bitt Faulk and Mårten Svantesson for the improved JavaScript.

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