QUESTION 1: Pursuant to the 1951 Refugee Convention Art 1A(2) what is the definition of a refugee?

? Scroll down to the bottom of the page to find the answers. QUESTION 2: What is the definition of an Internally Displaced Person (IDP) as asserted in the UN Guiding Principles? QUESTION 3: Pursuant to the 1960 Convention on Statelessness, what is the definition of a stateless person? QUESTION 4: What does alienage refer to? QUESTION 5: What is the country of first arrival rule? QUESTION 6: What are the two essential elements to a well founded fear? QUESTION 7: Does the 1951 Refugee Convention look for past persecution or future possibilities of persecution to prove a well founded fear? QUESTION 8: What are the two essential elements to prove persecution? QUESTION 9: To give a common international content to a word that has no clear or literal meaning must give being persecuted some content. How? QUESTION 10: What is the Sur-Place doctrine? ___________________________________________________________ QUESTION 11: What is the reason why a nexus to civil or political status must exist to prove a well founded fear? QUESTION 12: What are the five enumerated grounds for protection? QUESTION 13:

What is the EU Minimum Standards Directive 2004 on race?

QUESTION 14: What are the circumstances that may lead to a claim of persecution based on nationality? QUESTION 15: How does the ICCPR define religion? QUESTION 16: 1. How does the ICCPR define political opinion? 2. Is simply holding the opinion enough to generate the risk? QUESTION 17: How is membership of a particular social group defined? QUESTION 18: 1. What does cessation refer to? 2. Who can declare the cessation of status? QUESTION 19: What are the three requirements necessary to prove cessation of refugee status due to a Fundamental Change Of Circumstances - Art. 1C(5-6)?

QUESTION 20: 1. What is the rational behind Art.1F? 2. Name the three acts that can lead to exclusion of status. QUESTION 21: 1. What is non-refoulement? 2. Is there an exception to this rule? QUESTION 22: What is extra territorial refoulement and how does it apply? ________________________________________________________________ QUESTION 23: What are some of the things that all asylum seekers need when they arrive in host country seeking asylum? QUESTION 24: What is the rule related to the removal of refugees to a safe third country? QUESTION 25:

What are the characteristics of mass arrival?

QUESTION 26: Does the principle of non-refoulement apply to mass influx situations? Please explain. QUESTION 27: What are the three durable solutions for refugees? QUESTION 28: What is voluntary repatriation? QUESTION 29: 1. What does local integration refer to? 2. Can a refugee become naturalized in the host country? QUESTION 30: What does resettlement mean? QUESTION 31: Why is resettlement as an essential tool for enduring protection? QUESTION 32: What is the definition of an internally displaced person (IDP)? _____________________________________________________________ CASE STUDY 1: Lindsey, a teacher, is originally from Lowland. She left her country three years ago to seek better employment opportunities abroad and succeeded in finding a teaching job in Highlife. Last year, an armed conflict broke out in Lowland. Armed forces of an adjacent country invaded Lowland and have since been fighting to try and establish a regime controlled by the ethnic group to which Linsdey belongs. One of the consequences of the armed conflict is that the security forces of Lowland, which are controlled by another ethnic group, have begun to randomly arrest and detain members of Lindseys ethnic group. There are reports that some of those detained were subjected to torture including rape while others have been murdered by the security forces. Lindsey never faced any security problems while living in Lowland. However, she now fears for her safety if she were to return to Lowland and subsequently seeks asylum in Highlife. Lindsey submits a request for recognition as a refugee to the Highlife asylum

authorities in which she explains that she is afraid to return to her home as a result of the internal conflict that has fractured Lowland. Highlife is a Party to the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, but not to any regional refugee instruments. 1. Does Lindsey meet the inclusion criteria of the refugee definition? Outside country of origin? Well founded fear? Persecution? Enumerated Convention ground?

2. The asylum authorities of Highlife reject Lindseys application because she did not qualify for refugee status when she left Lowland and never faced security problems while she lived there. As Lindseys legal counsel, what arguments would you put forward to support an appeal against this decision? ________________________________________________________________ CAST STUDY 2: Aviva is a young woman who has left her country, which has been involved in a widespread violent civil war for the last decade. She belongs to the clan of the former president, who was ousted in September 1998. At that time, armed groups belonging to rival clans were terrorising the area where she and her husband lived. In October 1998, her husband was killed during shelling. In late January 1999, a gang from a rival clan broke into her house and plundered it, as well as the houses of neighbours. They stole property, but, as Aviva had run away, she was not harmed. She went to an uncle who lived in a town near the border. Though the area was relatively more peaceful, clan rivalry was still present and increasing. The civil war was spreading, and her uncle was conscripted into the clans armed militia. After a particularly bloody clash near the town, Aviva decided to leave her country and crossed the border to a neighbouring country. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are the key facts in the case? What threats are these people facing? Is this person in need of international protection? Does the person fit the 1951 refugee definition? What other international law can be used as a source of refugee rights?

______________________________________________________________ CAST STUDY 3: Casper is a 17-year-old boy who arrived several months ago at a refugee camp after fleeing from a vicious and bloody conflict in a neighbouring

country. The camp is host to some 4,000 people, of whom about 80 per cent are women and children. He came together with about 200 armed male teenagers and young men. They said they were deserting en masse from their army, where forced conscription is commonplace. Upon receiving instructions from the host countrys security forces, the deserters handed in their weapons. However, reports from women in the camp show that, since the arrival of these young men, there has been an increased incidence of violence in the camp and evidence of small arms. In addition, there have been reports that some men are using the camp as a base for cross-border military sorties. Casper is found to be sharing a shelter with others who have weapons, but he insists that he is not involved in military activity. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are the key facts in the case? What threats are these people facing? Is this person in need of international protection? Does the person fit the 1951 refugee definition? What other international law can be used as a source of refugee rights?

ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND HERE.