Exam Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is A) 3' UCA 5'. B) 3' UGA 5'. C) 3'ACU 5'. D) 5' TCA 3'. E) either UCA or TCA, depending on wobble in the rst base. 2) Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon? A) a sequence in tRNA at the 3' end B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid C) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG E) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid 3) In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase? A) RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA. B) RNA polymerase does not need to separate the two strands of DNA in order to synthesize an RNA copy, whereas DNA polymerase must unwind the double helix before it can replicate the DNA. C) RNA polymerase is much more accurate than DNA polymerase. D) RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis. E) RNA polymerase uses RNA as a template, and DNA polymerase uses a DNA template. 4) Which of these is the function of a poly (A) signal sequence? A) It adds the poly (A) tail to the 3' end of the mRNA. B) It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~1035 nucleotides away. C) It adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mRNA. D) It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome. E) It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase. 5) Which of the following help(s) to stabilize mRNA by inhibiting its degradation? A) 5' cap and poly (A) tail B) TATA box C) RNA polymerase D) introns E) spliceosomes 1)

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The following questions refer to Figure 17.2, a table of codons.

Figure 17.2 6) What is the sequence of a peptide based on the following mRNA sequence? 5' . . . UUUUCUUAUUGUCUU 3' A) leu-cys-tyr-ser-phe B) leu-pro-asp-lys-gly C) cyc-phe-tyr-cys-leu D) phe-leu-ile-met-val E) phe-ser-tyr-cys-leu 7) A transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that A) many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA. B) there are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA. C) many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid. D) nucleotides break off and are lost during the transcription process. E) there is redundancy and ambiguity in the genetic code. 6)

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8) In the structural organization of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons may be related to which of the following? A) the sequence of the intron that immediately precedes each exon B) the number of start sites for transcription C) the number of polypeptides making up the functional protein D) the various domains of the polypeptide product E) the number of restriction enzyme cutting sites 9) Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specicity in the A) binding of ribosomes to mRNA. B) shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes. C) bonding of the anticodon to the codon. D) attachment of amino acids to tRNAs. E) both C and D 10) A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of a phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that A) the ribosome will skip a codon every time a UUU is encountered. B) proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specied by the codon UUU. C) the cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-specifying anticodons. D) none of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine. E) None of the above will occur; the cell will recognize the error and destroy the tRNA. 11) Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. 1. An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain. 3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant. 4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA. 5. tRNA translocates to the P site. A) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5 B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 D) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 E) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Use the following information to answer the following questions.

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A transfer RNA (#1) attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome. The lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2) in the ribosome already. 12) Which enzyme causes a covalent bond to attach lysine to the polypeptide? A) lysine synthetase B) ligase C) RNA polymerase D) ATPase E) peptidyl transferase 12)

13) What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene? A) It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA. B) It alters the reading frame of the mRNA. C) It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. D) It prevents introns from being excised. E) It changes an amino acid in the encoded protein. 14) Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein? A) deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence, but not in the initiator codon B) a base substitution C) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the terminator codon D) a base insertion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the terminator codon E) a base deletion near the start of a gene 15) Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene? A) a DNARNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product B) a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide C) a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein D) a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic E) a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids 16) What does the operon model attempt to explain? A) bacterial resistance to antibiotics B) horizontal transmission of plant viruses C) the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell D) the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria E) how genes move between homologous regions of DNA 17) The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when A) the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low. B) there is more glucose in the cell than lactose. C) the cyclic AMP levels are low. D) the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell. E) there is glucose but no lactose in the cell. Use the following scenario to answer the following questions.

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Suppose an experimenter becomes procient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome. 18) If she moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase gene and the permease gene, which of the following would be likely? A) Beta galactosidase will be produced. B) RNA polymerase will no longer transcribe permease. C) The cell will continue to metabolize but more slowly. D) Three structural genes will no longer be expressed. E) The operon will no longer be inducible. 18)

19) How does a genomic library differ from a cDNA library? A) A genomic library varies, dependent on the cell type used to make it, whereas the content of a cDNA library does not. B) The genomic library contains only the genes that can be expressed in the cell. C) A genomic library can be made using a restriction enzyme and DNA ligase only, whereas a cDNA library requires both of these as well as reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase. D) The genomic library can be replicated but not transcribed. E) A genomic library contains only noncoding sequences, whereas a cDNA library contains only coding sequences. 20) The major advantage of using articial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that A) only one copy of a plasmid can be present in any given cell, whereas many copies of a YAC or BAC can coexist in a single cell. B) YACs and BACs can carry much larger DNA fragments than ordinary plasmids can. C) plasmids are unable to replicate in cells. D) YACs and BACs can be used to express proteins encoded by inserted genes, but plasmids cannot. E) all of the above

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Answer Key Testname: PRACTICE MC MTIII

1) A 2) D 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) E 7) A 8) D 9) E 10) B 11) B 12) E 13) A 14) E 15) B 16) D 17) D 18) A 19) C 20) B