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dipped in a bucket containing 50 liters of water overnight. Next day morning, the tied dung was frequently squeezed and dipped in the water. Five litres of cow urine, a handful of soil and 50 g of calcium chloride was added to this extract. Jeevamrutha was prepared by mixing 10 kg cow dung, 10 l cow urine, 2 kg jaggary, 2 kg pulse flour with 200 l water and kept for one week incubation. Biodigester was prepared by adding botanical plants mainly neem, calotropis, vitex, lantana, adothoda, ipomea, custard apple and agave (5 kg each) to the bio-digester tank containing urine (10 litres), dung (10 kg), little quantity of soil and 200 litres of water. The digested liquid manure was ready in 3 weeks Samples were drawn immediately after preparation for the nutrient and microbial estimations. The major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in organic liquid manures were estimated by following microkjeldhal method, vanadomolybdate method and flame photometry respectively. The micronutrients present in organic liquid manures were estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The serial dilution and standard plate count method was used for isolation of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and other biochemical groups viz free living N2 fixers and Psolubilizers using nutrient agar, Martins rose bengal agar, Kusters agar, Norris N free media and Pikovskayas media respectively. The plates were incubated at 2820c for one week and the colony counts were recorded. The nutrient status and microbial load present in panchagavya, beejamrutha, jeevamrutha and biodigester are given in Table Nos. 1 & 2 respectively. The data indicated the presence of both major and micro nutrients in all the organic liquid manures (Table 1) in addition to different microflora especially nitrogen fixers and P-solubilizers (Table 2.) Presence
Table 2. Microbial load in different organic liquid manures Organisms Panchagavya Bacteria (no. x 10 ) Fungi (no. x 104) Actinomycetes ( no. x 103) Phosphate solubilising organisms (no. x 102) Free living N2-fixers (no. x 102)
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Colony count (cfu/ml) Beejamrutha 15.4 10.5 6.8 2.7 3.1 583 Jeevamrutha 20.4 13.8 3.6 4.5 5.0 Biodigester 12.9 9.2 3.0 1.0 2.1 26.1 18.0 4.20 5.70 2.70
Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,24 ( 4 ) : 2011 of naturally occurring beneficial microorganisms predominantly bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and certain fungi were detected in organic liquid manures (Swaminathan, 2005). Papen et al. (2002) reported that panchagavya contains Azotobacter, Azospirillum and phosphobacteria. Institute of Organic Farming University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad-580005, India Email : sreenivasa_mn@rediffmail.com (Received : August, 2010)
References Papen, H. A., Gabler, E. Z. and Rennenbeg, H., 2002, Chemolitho autotrophic nitrifiers in the phyllosphere of a spruce ecosystem receiving high nitrogen input. Curr. Microbiol., 44:56-60. Sreenivasa, M.N., Nagaraj Naik and Bhat, S. N., 2009, Beneficial traits of microbial isolates of organic liquid manures, Proc. First Asian PGPR Congress for Sust. Agric., 21-24, June, 2009, ANGRAU, Hyderabad.
In the present study, the nutrient status and microbial load recorded in organic liquid manures may differ with the type and quantity of material used, period of fermentation, environmental conditions etc. However the results of the present analysis clearly brought out the nutrient status and microbial load in organic liquid manures. M. N. SREENIVASA NAGARAJ NAIK S. N. BHAT
Sreenivasa, M.N., Nagaraj Naik and Bhat, S. N., 2010, Beejamrutha: A source for beneficial bacteria. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 17 (4);731-735. Subhashini, S, A., Arumugasamy, K., Vijayalakshmi, A.V. and Balasubramanian, 2001, Vrkshayurveda-Ayurveda for Plants. Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems, Chennai, TamilNadu, pp.47. Swaminathan, C., 2005, Food production through vrkshayurvedic way. In: Technol. for Natural Farming. Eds. Agriculture College & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. pp:18-22
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