he phrase Von Neumann architecture derives from a paper circulated under the nam e of the mathematician and early

computer scientist John Von Neumann This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with sub divisions of a central arithmetic part, a central control part, a memory to stor e both data and instructions, external storage, and input and output mechanisms. Neumann's architecture is one in which a single memory location (memory address) can be used either to store data or program and not both, for example if locatio ns from 8000 to 8050 are used to store a program then input and output data cann ot be in locations from 8000 to 8050.Normally microprocessors follow Neumann arc hitecture THERE ARE 4 SUB COMPONENTS IN VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE WHICH INCLUDE: -memory -input and output (called -arithmetic logic unit -control unit IO )

There is also a key player in the operations called a bus or a wire that connect s the components together and over which data flows from one sub-component to an other. The data is read from the data bus. MEMORY -there are various kinds of memory which include: RAM- Is volatile (it doesn t retain voltage settings once power is removed.).It is a lso an array of cells, each with a unique address. ROM- It get the name from cell protection feature, can be only read from and not written to. It is non volatile (it retains its settings after power is removed) . REGISTERS Register cells are powerful, costly and physically located close to the heart of computing Another type of memory include the cache memory There are two key operations on memory: -fetch (address) returns value without changing the value stored at that a ddress. -store (address, value) writes new value into the cell at the given addres s. INPUT AND OUTPUT There is both a human machine interface e.g. keyboard, screen and a machine interface e.g. storage devices. Input and output are the least standardised of v arious sub-components (thus there must be the making sure that your input or out put devices are compatible with your machine) ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT Is the sub-component that performs the arithmetic and logic operations for which we have been building parts? This is the brain of the computer. It houses speci al memory location called registers and also contains the circuitry to perform a ddition, subtraction, multiplication and division as well as logical comparisons (such as less than, equal to, and greater than) CONTROL UNIT

machine

This is the horse that drives the fetch and executes cycle. Figures out wich add ress are to be loaded into the memory address register and what operation is to be performed with data moved to the memory data register.