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THE COMPUTER GENERATIONS

By Ashish Veera PGDM - A

First Generation (1950s):

The vacuum tubes were used in the circuits of these computers The input and output operations were done using punched card technology. For external storage, magnetic tapes were used.
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The machine was capable to do one job at a time, therefore batch processing was adopted. The language used by these computers was machine language and assembly language. Example of Computers: UNIVAC, IBM 650 etc.

Second Generation (1960s)

Transistors were used in the circuits. The input operations were performed using punched cards and magnetic tapes and for output operations, punched cards and papers were used. For external storage magnetic tapes were used. The orientation was towards multiple users i.e. the machine was

capable to process multiple tasks concurrently. The high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC etc. were used as the languages by the computer. Example of Computers: IBM 1400 and 7000 series, General Electric 635 etc.

Third Generation (1970s):

Integrated circuits replaced transistors. Inspite of their smaller size they were capable to perform better than transistors. For data input and output operations monitors and keyboards replaced the punched cards. For external storage magnetic disks were used. Sophisticated operating systems, which were capable of handling several jobs concurrently were used. More advanced high level languages like PASCAL were used. Example of computers: IBM System

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