Lch s ao binh Thanh-gia thi Trung-co. Lch s ao binh Giao Hoang do cha Cross to chc nam 1865 tai Phap, khi nc Toa Thanh b Garibaldi xam chiem. Sac lenh Quam Singulari cua c Giao Hoang Pio X, co vo tre con nang chu le, nam 1910.
II. LCH S PHONG TRAO TAI VIET NAM :
1929._ Hai cha Xuan-Bch Leon Palliard va Paul Urureu bat au phat ong Phong trao ngay trong chung vien va bat au thanh lap oan au tien tai trng Thay Dong Ecole Puginier Ha-Noi. T o nh s khch le cua c Kham Mang, hang Giam muc va cac Linh muc nen khong bao lau, Phong Trao lan rong khap lanh tho Viet Nam. 1935._ Thanh lap tai Vinh, Sai-gon va Vnh Long. 1975 ._ Phong Trao co khoang 140.000 oan vien; 3.800 Huynh Trng hoat ong trong 650 X oan, thuoc 68 Lien oan trong 13 Giao phan (tr Giao phan a Nang). Hai Giao phan ong nhat la Xuan Loc vi 40.000 oan vien va Sai Gon vi 38.000 oan vien. Sau bien co lch s 30.04.1975, Phong Trao trong nc nh ch moi hoat ong ben ngoai. Chuyen sinh hoat Thieu Nhi thanh cac lp Giao Ly.
III. THIEU NHI THANH THE VIET NAM TAI GIAO PHAN THANH PHO HO CH MINH (LIEN OAN ANRE PHU YEN)
Nam 1997, tai Giao phan Tp.Ho Ch Minh, c Tong Giam muc Gioan Baotixita Pham Minh Man chnh thc thanh lap Ban muc Vu thieu Nhi, bo nhiem cha Giuse Pham c Tuan lam trng ban cung vi 15 cha ac trach 15 hat. Nam 2002, khi PT/TNTT chnh thc ra mat, cha Giuse Pham c Tuan c c Tong giam muc bo nhiem lam Tuyen Uy Thieu Nhi Thanh The Giao Phan Tp. HCM. BAI 2 : BAN CHAT VA TON CH
I. BAN CHAT
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 2
PT/TNTT la mot oan the Cong Giao Tien Hanh giao duc thanh thieu nien tr nen nhng con ngi hoan thien va la Kito hu ch thc. Lay Li Chua trong Kinh Thanh lam nen tang e giao duc va Chua Gie- Su Thanh The lam ly tng song.
II. TON CH CUA THIEU NHI THANH THE
La song Li Chua va ket hp vi Chua Giesu Thanh The trong s Cau nguyen, Rc le, Hy sinh, Lam Tong o. Nhat la lam Tong o cho gii tre nh Thanh Cong ong Vaticano II day : Gii tre phai lam Tong o trc tien va trc tiep cho gii tre (so12, TGD). Trong tam cu the cua PT hom nay la nh phep Thanh The e thanh hoa tuoi tre, e Kito hoa ho, ngha la giup bien oi tuoi tre nen giong Chua Kito trong tam tnh va trong cach song.
III. MUC CH
La cai ta nham at ti. Tong Lien oan TNTT c thanh lap vi hai muc ch tong quat sau : oan ngu hoa Thieu nhi : e hng dan cac em song va truyen thong Tin mng, ong thi gop phan xay dng xa hoi. Quy tu va sap xep cac em theo 1 kieu thc, giup cho viec giao duc de dang va at hieu qua cao. Tao moi trng ( san chi ) tot giup cac em hoc tap va thc hanh song ao tch cc. Mot ngi khong the lam Tong o tot neu ngi o khong c trang b hoan hao ve i song nhan ban cung nh tam linh.
IV. NG LOI
Lanh trach nhiem Kyto hoa toan the gii tre, ng loi TL TNTT-VN hien nay la tao cho thanh thieu nhi mot bau kh mi, lanh manh, phan khi, thch nghi, ci m, e hng dan cac em trong loi song ao tch cc, t nguyen, y thc ong thi gay ni cac em mot tinh than dan than cao o e hien ngang mang Chua en vi moi trng song. BAI 3 : LUAT VA LI HA
Phong Trao TNTT nhan Chua Giesu Thanh The la trung tam iem, la nguon song thieng lieng va la ly tng song cua i mnh. Moi hoat ong, sinh hoat eu quy hng ve Chua Giesu Thanh The.
I. LUAT
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 3
e giup oan sinh song ly tng va ton ch o, Phong Trao co 10 ieu luat o la : 1. Thieu Nhi Dang Ngay moi sang, Lam cho i song hoa nen li cau. 2. Thieu nhi ton sung Thanh the, Sieng nang chu le vieng chua hang ngay. 3. Thieu nhi Hy sinh chu kho, Luon nhn thanh gia cc kho van vui. 4. Thieu nhi nh Me co gang, Quyet lam gng sang xng danh Tong o. 5. Thieu nhi Vang li cha me, Va het nhng v ch huy cua mnh. 6. Thieu nhi Net na am tham, Gi mnh trong trang trong cach noi lam. 7. Thieu nhi tan tnh Bac ai, Tim luon quang ai mi mong giup ngi. 8. Thieu nhi gi long Thanh thc, Noi lam ung mc khong doi khong ngoa. 9. Thieu nhi Chu toan bon phan, Viec lam ng an khong bo na chng. 10. Thieu nhi Thc hien hoa thieng, Chan thanh vi Chua cong bien moi tuan.
Bon ieu luat au : Chnh la 4 y lc cua TNTT gom : Cau nguyen Ton sung Thanh The Hy sinh va lam Tong o. ay la 4 tinh than truyen thong co t nguon goc cua Phong Trao Thieu Nhi Thanh The Viet Nam theo dong thi gian. Y lc song HY SINH la da theo tinh than ao Binh Thanh Gia (1865) hien than bao ve Hoi Thanh. Y lc song CAU NGUYEN rut ra t tinh than Hoi cau nguyen danh cho tuoi tre (1917) do Cha Bessiere dong Ten thanh lap tai Phap. cac em phai tin tng vao Chua, o la nguon sc manh cua chung ta, o la ngi biet cau nguyen. Khi chung ta tin vao Chua, chac chan chung ta se c s giup cua Ngi, v Ngi luon ong hanh cung ta, luon ben canh chung ta. Y lc song RC LE (ton sung Thanh The) la theo tinh than thong iep Quam Singulari nam 1910 do GH PIO X co vo cac em sieng nang rc le va ban phep cho tre em c rc le sm. Phep Thanh The con la nguon mach an sung doi dao ma Thien Chua a ban cho con ngi. Thieu Nhi nang ti lanh nhan la ti chnh nguon, e muc lay n Thanh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 4
Y lc song LAM TONG O la theo tinh than sac lenh Tong o Giao Dan, so 12 cua Cong ong Vatican 2 : Gii tre phai lam tong o trc tien va trc tiep cho gii tre.
II. KHAU HIEU
Khau hieu la mot cau ngan gon co tac dung thoi thuc hanh ong cua nhieu ngi. Khau hieu chung cua Phong Trao TNTT la THIEU NHI - HY SINH. Noi len tinh than va muc ch cua Phong Trao. Khau hieu cua cac nganh : KHAI TAM : HIEN LANH AU NHI : NGOAN THIEU NHI : HY SINH NGHA S : CHINH PHUC TT : GNG MAU D TRNG : DAN THAN HUYNH TRNG : PHUNG S
Khau hieu con la cham ngon song ma cac thanh vien cua phong trao can phai nh thc hien trong ngay, ket hp mat thiet vi Chua Giesu Thanh The e kien toan chnh ban than trong i song ao cua mnh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 5
III. LI HA
Khi mot oan sinh hay mot Huynh Trng tuyen ha la t nguyen chap nhan va tuan gi nhng ieu a quy c. Vi Phong Trao TNTT thc hien li ha gom: Song Linh ao : The hien ton ch Phong Trao qua y ngha cua cach chao : 4 ngon tay xep eu ch 4 tinh than : Cau nguyen, Rc le, Hy sinh, lam Tong o. Ngon cai ep vao long ban tay ch ngi Thieu nhi quyet tam tuan gi 4 ieu tren. Song cham ngon cua Nganh : Cham ngon la bieu mau, mot li noi ra e noi theo : Nganh Au Nhi : Ngoan Nganh Thieu Nhi : Hy sinh Nganh Ngha s : Chinh phuc va Huynh Trng : Phuc vu. Khi oan sinh thc hien cham ngon cua Nganh mnh chnh la thc hien li ha cua mnh vi Phong Trao.
IV. TOM LAI :
Luat va Li ha cua Phong Trao TNTT nham muc ch giao duc oan sinh song theo muc ch, ton ch, ly tng cua Phong Trao e thang tien moi ngay ve lanh vc t nhien va sieu nhien.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 6
BAI 4 : CAC BAI CA CHNH THC
THIEU NHI TAN HANH CA
1. Thieu nhi Viet nam ng len trong giai oan mi. Theo tieng Giao Hoi va tieng que hng keu mi. c trang b dung manh bang tinh than mi. Tuoi tre Viet nam hang hai xay the he ngay mai. K: Cung i hi cac thieu nhi. Cung i vi Chua Kito, nguon song Thanh The chan hoa, la ly tng cua ngi thieu nhi hom nay. 2. Thieu nhi Viet Nam quyet tam trong giai oan mi. Thanh hoa moi trng ren nhng kha nang phi thng. Bang nguyen cau hi sinh va mot bau kh mi. Tuoi tre Viet Nam em Chua cho gii tre Viet Nam.
AU NHI CA
Nh nhng nu hoa xuan xinh, em Au nhi luon hien hoa, luon ti ci ti nh hoa. i em nguyen luon cham ngoan. Noi theo gng Chua Hai ong em yeu i men moi ngi va song mai tuoi ngay th.
THIEU NHI CA
oan Thieu Nhi Thanh The Viet nam, quyet mot long m Nc Tri lan ra muon phng. i hi sinh du chong gai khong he nhoc nhan. Ch tong o dau dam ngan ta khong biet sn. La chien s tren ng tranh au cho nc thieng, vi kinh nguyen ngay hom sm dang mnh. Luon cau xin cho to quoc men yeu chong sang len ngan anh vinh quang.
NGHA S CA
Vui ca len ngha s i ay diem phuc. Hon thanh xuan say niem ly tng cao xa. V ngha ra i la i chinh phuc. ng xa bong Chua ang ch i ta. Mot i tre trung thanh nong hau sc thieng. Hung dung trung thanh mot da trung kien. Tnh bang hu chan thanh mot da vng kien. Ton qu trach nhiem song gng hi sinh. Ngha s Viet Nam san sang hung trang trong sach hang hai va quyet tien bc. La than nung nau tam can khong ngng. Mam thieng ta gieo khap ni xa gan. Ly tng sieu nhien thanh tam yeu men. Danh Cha ca sang nc Cha tr en. Noi gng nhiet thanh cua thanh Phaolo. Xong pha len ng lam chng Phuc Am. KINH HUYNH TRNG
Lay Chua Giesu huynh trng toi cao. Xin day con biet hi sinh cao thng, phung s Chua va giup ch moi ngi. Xin day con biet hi sinh khong can bao ap, luon xong pha khong ngai bao tap, ep y Cha tren tri trong tnh thng yeu het moi ngi. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 7
LI NGUYEN TONG O
Lay Chua, Chua a goi con giup viec tong o cua Chua. Xin giup con nhiet tam lo cho trach vu hoan thanh. Lay Chua, con khong ke nhoc phien, khong mang chi danh gia. Con xin hien dang i con e phung s Chua luon. Lay Chua, con c ao cho Danh Chua cang ngay cang sang, cho muon dan c biet, c yeu Chua, c song i i.
KINH OI TRNG
Nguyen xin Giesu anh ca t nhan, ngay em ban xuong muon n phuc cho oi cua con. Giup cho oan con nen nhng tong o nhiet thanh, m rong nc Chua cu roi cac linh hon. i con hi sinh nguy kho chang ne. Ben tam bac ai yeu Chua yeu ngi thiet tha. Rc le moi ngay dang len Cha tat ca cuoc song. Xng danh tong o cua Chua Giesu
DANG NGAY
Ngay nay con dang cho Chua, xin Chua thng nhan hon xac chung con. Moi cn gian nan nguy kho, chung con xin cau theo y c Giao Hoang sm hom.
KINH TRC BA AN
Nguyen xin, nguyen xin Chua ca m tay chuc phuc. Cho chung con dung nen, cho chung con dung nen cac thc pham nay.
LI HA THIEU NHI
oi ban tay tri ban cho em. ay ngon tro em ha nguyen cau. Ba ngon sau em nguyen hi sinh (ne), Rc Le (ne), lam viec tong o chuyen cham. Vi bon ngon tay xep eu, em quyet gi li chao Thieu Nhi : Hi Sinh. BAI CA GOI LA THIENG
La thieng i, hay en bung sang len trong em am u, soi i tam toi bao nhieu au lo. La thieng i, hay en bung chay len, mang cho i ngan anh vinh quang vui han hoan.
BAI CA CHAO LA THIENG
O, o, o o. O, o o o. Cam tay nhau quay vong ben la mi. La boc chay tam hon ta hang hai. on anh la thieng, ay oan ta chung li ca, ben la bap bung. Bap, bap bung la thieng reo vui, nhac tram tram hoa ca chi vi la rc sang chieu em am u, anh em i, ta cung nhau len tieng ca rang (vo tay ba cai). La linh thieng soi man em u toi. La chay sang am long ai lanh leo. La Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 8
thieng muon i, ta cung vui em la thieng soi long moi ngi. O, o, o, o. O, o, o, o.
MANG LA VE TIM
Man em buong li theo anh la dan tan. Tnh anh em ta theo anh la tran lan. Tim ta ay con khac ghi bao nhieu moi tnh man nong. La em nay tan nhng la tim con chay am tham ngan i, biet ly muon phng ta nguyn em la thieng rai rac khap chon. Mong mai sau, ngon la thieng chay len ot long moi ngi.
CA TAM BIET
Ri tay chung ta vui len ng ngha vu. Ban i ng quen nhe phut giay sum vay. Tay trong tay mnh vui len nhe. Tim sat se sau thng nao ne. Vui ra i sau vng tren mat. Xa cach nhau mnh nh nhau hoai.
KINH TOI
Tri a xe chieu Giesu i, con nh tay Me Maria, Ma dang len Chua, dang chut li cam n, dang trot ca xac hon : Cac viec con lam, cac li con xin, cung vi moi kho nguy con chu trot mot ngay qua. Cung vi bong chieu ta, Giesu Maria, con hoa ca dang ve ni bao la, Chua ban phep lanh mot em ngu an bnh. Hon trong xac ti xinh.
BAI 5 : LANH NHAN LI CHUA
I. LANH NHAN LI CHUA
Lanh nhan la s on lay va chap nhan mot phan thng, mot an hue, mot mon qua t mot n v trao cho mot n v nao o mot cach trc tiep mat oi mat. vd Lanh nhan bang tot nghiep Lanh nhan y kien ong gop Lanh nhan hnh phat . . . Lanh nhan Li Chua la ket qua cua viec oc Kinh Thanh, suy niem Li Chua va nghe c Chua trc tiep day bao ta ieu g qua oan Kinh Thanh o, thai o ta on nhan nh the nao, tac ong tam trang ta ra sao va co nh hng se thc hien ieu o.(lam, sa oi . . .) Khac vi chia se Li Chua, lanh nhan Li Chua la hnh thc lang nghe va on nhan cho rieng moi ca nhan, moi ngi se co mot tam tnh tac ong cho mnh tuy theo boi canh, hoan canh, tam trang theo s soi sang cua Chua, khong ai giong ai. e viec lanh nhan Li Chua em lai hieu qua thiet thc phai : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 9
1. Sieng nang oc va suy gam Li Chua . 2. on nhan va song tron ven tinh than Li Chua truyen day. 3. Phai co tinh than yeu men va tuan theo s hng dan cua Giao Hoi ve chu giai Li Chua. 4. Ap dung tinh than cua Li Chua vao moi sinh hoat cua Phong trao (cu the trong viec thc hien 10 ieu luat, song bac ai. . . .). 5. Biet chia se long yeu men Li Chua cho cac em. Ap dung thc tien huan luyen trong gi Lanh nhan Li Chua. Trong cac sa mac huan luyen, lanh nhan Li Chua la gi khong the thieu va thc hien trc ba an tra Ngi ta khong ch no bi banh nhng bi moi Li do mieng Thien Chua phan ra trong bau khong gian rieng biet cua moi oi t 15p en 30 phut. Thc hien qua cac giai oan : 1. Mot ngi oc mot oan Tin Mng, (hoac oc chung, cham rai ro rang, nghiem trang) thng la oi trng hoac Trng hien dien noi t li gi y. 2. Mot t phut thinh lang e Li Chua tham vao moi tam hon. 3. Moi ngi noi len vai li co tnh cach cau nguyen. Qua oan Li Chua hom nay, Li Chua a tac ong nh the nao trong toi ? Chua muon noi va nhac nh toi ieu g? Nhng ieu Chua va noi vi toi khien toi cam thay the nao? ung hay sai? Toi cam thay ho then? Yeu uoi? Va buon v a nhieu lan lam mat Long Chua? Toi se thc hien ieu Chua noi vi toi? nhac nh toi? toi co lam c khong neu khong co n Chua giup? Ta n Chua v hom nay Chua a nhac nh toi. Xin moi ngi hiep li cau nguyen cho toi c tot hn . . . 4. Sau moi li cau nguyen tat ca hat chung iep khuc Li Ngai la sc song cua con . . . , sau o tiep li cau nguyen cua ngi khac, lan lt cho en ngi cuoi cung. 5. Trc khi ket thuc, mot vai ngi noi len li cau nguyen t phat hoac Huynh trng hien dien, hoac oi trng se cho mot li nguyen chung. Cac oan Tin Mng nen chon hp vi y lc song moi ngay. Neu ong trai sinh, co the ch cho cac ai dien c phat bieu li nguyen thay cho oi. Nen m au va ket thuc bang mot vai bai ca phu hp vi e tai.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 10
II. BO HOA THIENG & CHIEN DCH
Bo Hoa Thieng la mot trong nhng phng phap giao duc oc ao cua Phong Trao e giup Thieu Nhi song bon khau hieu: Cau Nguyen, Rc Le, Hy Sinh, Lam Viec Tong o. Ba viec lam cua ngi Thieu Nhi Thanh The moi ngay khong the thieu xot la: Dang Ngay, Rc Le Thieng Lieng va Dang em. Bo Hoa Thieng la mot phng the kiem iem i song, mot loi tu c khi nhn lai i song cua mnh. Thc hien Bo Hoa Thieng giup ta xet mnh, an nan toi, dang tat ca moi viec tot lanh len Chua va tat ca nhng khuyet iem, thieu xot e xin Chua tha th va bo sc. Bo hoa thieng la mot phng phap nen thanh cua ngi Thieu Nhi Thanh The. BAI 6 : BAI CA SINH HOAT
HNG ONG VN LEN
1. Nh anh hong vn len khi hng ong chieu sang. Nh nguon song trao dang khi mua Xuan ve. Ta cung tien bc vt qua moi gian kho. Ta cung vn len ti ly tng mong ch. 2. Ta gop mat ni ay cho i them sc song. Ta cung gop ban tay xay mong xa vi. Ta cung gop tieng ci vang ong song nui. Ta cung vn len ti ly tng mong ch.
VAO SA MAC
1. Tien mau len nhe, ta len ng vao sa mac. Tri bien bao la hay rng sau khong chun bc. Tien qua thung lung hay len oi nui cao. Chung mnh i ve at Ha ni mong ch. 2. Hat len muon tieng, am vang ve tan xa vi. Nhac tro muon cung cho sau tan vi niem nh. Tieng ngan cao vut xua em dai toi tam. Tieng ho khoan vong len mai tren lng tri.
MANNA CHO EM
Xa Manna tren rng Chua nuoi dan Do Thai. Nay Manna cho em la ca mua tng bng. Manna cho tuoi vang la li ca vui vi bang reo. Manna cho tuoi vang ngan li ca that vui.
MAY HONG
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 11
m mat tuoi th em bang tieng ca ngot mem. Lam vui tuoi xuan em trong ca mua trien mien. Nh xa ang may hong du a ngi sa mac. Nh manna rng xa ta suoi mat mat ong.
TNH CA SA MAC
Ta nh ngay nam xa, bon mi nam i ve at ha. Lang thang tren oi cat dau a han in tieng th than. i trong ma Manna uong nc nguon ep nh hi vong. Va trong ang may bay bong la hong Chua dan dan i.
LU AY SA MAC
Dan ta song lu ay trong sa mac. Bon mui nam bao nhung nh ngap tran. Ta khong nghe Gia-ve bao bien co lam than. Nhng Gia-ve yeu ta dan ta ve bnh an.
VE AT HA
Tien ve mien at ph nhieu. Ta ve mien at mong ch. Len ng ve mien at ha. en ni ta mong ch.
QUA BIEN O
Gay Mose va gi len th song nc re oi. Chua cho It-ra-en vt qua bien kho. Gay Mose va gi len th song nc lap loi i. Cac binh tng vua Pha-ra-o chet chm Reo vang li ca tung Chua a thng giai thoat dan ngi.
SINAI
Dan Do-Thai ra khoi Ai-cap lien hang hai tien vao sa mac. Dan Do- Thai yen long ong trai ni chan nui Sinai. Sinai ngon nui cao ni Chua ban thap ieu. Sinai con khac ghi dau minh c muon i.
HAY THAP SANG LEN
1. Nay ban hi! hay thap sang len. Thap sang len con tim nong nan. Nay ban hi! hay thap sang len ngon la yeu thng. Cuoc i bao tam toi quanh toi, ang can en anh sang chieu soi. Nay ban i xin ch lang quen anh nen trai tim cho i ep len. 2. Nay ban hi! hay thap sang len. Thap sang len ti vui nu ci. Nay ban hi! hay thap sang len ngon la han hoan. i hanh phuc khi song trao ban, em tnh Chua toa sang the gian. Nay ban hi xin ch hng h, xin ch th, Chua ang ch ta. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 12
K: Hay thap len i ta. Hay thap cho tran gian, thap sang len tnh yeu, sang len niem tin, niem tin Giesu. Hay thap len i ta, hay thap cho tran gian, ot chay tan niem au xoa bong em t lau vay kn quanh i.
VONG TRON YEU THNG
Ve ni ay ta cam tay, cam tay nhau ket thanh vong tron. Vong tron yeu thng vong tron gap g. Vong tron than quen vong tron ket oan. Vong tron co Chua gia chung ta. Mi ban hay en cung cat tieng ca. Ve ni ay ta cam tay, cung Gie-su noi thanh vong tron.
MOI NGI LA HOA
Moi ngi la mot nu hoa n ra, n ra ti tham. Lam thanh vn hoa, vn hoa muon sac ti xinh. Moi ngi la mot nu hoa cung em ve ay gop sac, lam thanh vn hoa, vn hoa vn hoa chung mnh.
KHAU HIEU THIEU NHI
Cau Nguyen, Rc Le, Hy Sinh, Lam Tong o. Khau hieu thieu nhi em ben tam luon gi. Cau Nguyen, Rc Le, Hy Sinh, Lam Tong o. Khau hieu thieu nhi em chang quen bao gi.
TIN MNG CU O
Thanh Than Chua ng tren toi, va sai toi loan bao Tin Mng cho ngi ngheo, ap tan nat xch xieng cho ngi oan c, em anh sang cho bao tam hon. Anh em (mau vung len), het ln (khap tran the), Tin Mng (Hallelluia), n cu o (Hallelluia ).
MANNA
O Manna Manna. T tri cao muon ngan banh tinh tuyen, ri phu tren khap moi mien. O Manna Manna, mui thm ngat ngot hn mat, nuoi dan Chua tren ng xa.
ONG DAO BA NGANH
Tuoi Au, Thieu, Ngha, tuy ba nganh nhng mot. Vi anh ca Giesu em phung th Thien Chua. La cong dan em phung s Quoc gia. Vi y hng ngay lanh, em la thieu nhi Viet Nam.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 13
BAI 7 : LA THIENG THANH THE
I. NGHI THC LA THIENG THANH THE
Ket thuc mot ngay vat va, dan du muc hoac cac muc ong quay quan ben ong la, an uong vui chi ca hat, nhay mua ru bo tat ca nhng met nhoc trong ngay, e roi khi anh la tan, ho chm vao giac ngu hanh phuc chuan b cho mot ngay mi sap ti. Hnh anh o c tai hien qua hnh anh dan Do thai tren ng ve at ha xa, qua cac cuoc trai c to chc ni cac oan the. Trai nao cung co em la, em la trong cac buoi trai huan luyen cua Phong Trao Thieu Nhi Thanh The c goi la La Thieng Thanh The.
II. Y NGHA LA
1. La trong Thanh kinh: a) Cu c : - Ch s hien dien cua Chua Gia-ve (La chay trong bui gai ma khong tan) - Ch s Chua nhan le vat (Le vat Abel) - Ngon uoc soi sang va dan ng cho dan Chua trong sa mac. b) Tan c : - Tng trng Li Chua . - n Thanh Chua soi sang, si nong hon. . . - Bieu tng Chua Thanh Than.
2. La trong phung vu: - Nen Phuc Sinh (Chua Ki-to)
3. La vi y ngha thc tai: - Soi sang em toi . . . - Si am long lanh leo . - Phuc vu cho nhu cau i song con ngi. - ot chay, tieu huy moi s vat . . .
4. La Thieng Thanh The: To chc e ket thuc mot ngay. Ta at tren la moi gian lao, hy sinh cua Ngay Thanh The e xin Chua nhan nh le toan thieu xa, ban lai tam hon ta niem vui, sc song an hoa va mot em an bnh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 14
III. MUC CH LA THIENG THANH THE
Giao duc sieu nhien : hieu biet Thanh Kinh qua cac tiet muc van nghe, qua o hieu Chua nhieu hn e thc hanh c Tin trong i song ca nhan. Giao duc t nhien : giup oan vien tr nen hoat bat, linh hoat, phat trien kha nang ca vu nhac kch.
IV. TO CHC MOT EM LA THIENG THANH THE
a. Nhan s : Phu trach em la thieng: ( Thng la thanh vien trong tieu ban sinh hoat). La ngi chu trach nhiem toan bo chng trnh, dien tien trong em la thieng, t viec phan cong ngi lo cui la en noi dung cua em la cho en khi ket thuc Mang La Ve Tim. Ngi phu trach la thieng ket hp vi : - Trng trc : ieu ong oi hnh phan cong oi trc : trc la trc phuc vu (chuan b va don dep)- mi quan khach. - Ban Phung vu : dan nhap va soan nhng oan Li Chua lien ket vi la, noi len y ngha cua em la, tao s hoi hop, lo lang, mong i, hao hc ch on. - Quan tro: dan dat noi dung cac tiet muc, sinh hoat xen ke, tao bau kh va sinh ong ieu phoi thi gian cac tiet muc sao cho nhp nhang, tranh nham chan. - Quan ca: chuan b cac bai hat bang reo, ca vu, lam phong phu va them an tng cho em la. b. Cac bc chuan b: 1. Soan chng trnh (Phu trach) 2. Phan cac tiet muc cho oi. (Quan tro) 3. Phan nhiem cac nhan vat la. (Ban Phung vu) 4. Chuan b khu vc ot la. (Trng Trc) 5. Chuan b la. (Quan la)
V. DIEN TIEN CUA EM LA THIENG THANH THE
1. Chuan b khai mac: Trng trc ieu ong cac n v lan lt en v tr quanh ong cui trong yen lang (neu co the vi y phuc hoa trang dan Thien Chua) Mi Ban ieu hanh, cac Trng va quan khach vao tham d.
2. Khai mac: Moi ngi thinh lang. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 15
SM Trng hoac Cha Tuyen Uy noi vai li ve y ngha la trong Thanh Kinh, ve y ngha bong toi va anh sang . . . ve s mong i anh sang cua loai ngi, cua cac sa mac sinh ang chm am trong bong toi cua man em ang en. Tat ca nghe oc mot oan Thanh Kinh noi ve la, anh sang, tam toi, hoac dien hoat canh dien ta oan Kinh Thanh nay. Hat bai ca goi La. (La thieng i hay en bng sang len . . ) Hat ba lan t cham en nhanh, ang khi hat Than La (danh cho v cao nhat ang hien dien) se di chuyen va cham la sao cho ket thuc lan ba cua bai hat, ngon la bung len xua tan bong em gia tieng ho reo cua moi ngi. Hat vu bai ca Chao La.( O o o o.cam tay vong.)
3. Trnh dien Van Nghe : Quan tro se lan lt gii thieu Cac oi theo th t trnh dien cac tiet muc ma oi mnh a ang ky theo s chon la sap xep cua quan tro. Co the co nhng tiet muc a ang ky nhng khong c chon v : noi dung thi gian tiet muc thi gian em la vt gii han Cac oi khong lay the lam buon. Ca, vu, nhac, kch theo e tai quy nhat hay t do, mang tnh cach tinh than ong oi.
4. Be mac: oi hnh thu hep. Noi lai y ngha la rut ra bai hoc cho cac ban (Cha Tuyen Uy). Sa mac trng noi t li nhan nhu. e cao y la con chay mai trong tim du a tan la. oc kinh hay ca mot bai. Neu co cha Tuyen Uy (Ngai ban phep lanh) Nam cheo tay hat: Mang La Ve Tim. Hat lan th 3 t ong tach ra ve oi hoac di chuyen theo s ieu ong cua trng trc trong im lang, trang nghiem, Anh sang Chua Ki-to, la thieng con mai trong tam hon moi ngi, moi sa mac sinh. Tao s ngay ngat, song ong, thuc duc, bung chay va chieu doi mai trong cuoc song . . . du anh la em nay a tan . . . Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 16
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 17
CHUYEN MON
I. KHAI NIEM VE KY THUAT CHUYEN MON
Ky thuat chuyen mon (Truyen tin, thu cong, dau ng, cu thng, nut day, cac ky nang khac . . .) co the coi nh la nhng cach giai tr hay viec nhan roi hp s thch. Ky thuat chuyen mon con la bc khi au giup phat trien long thch thu lam viec, roi neu c chuyen mon hoa, no se mang tnh cach hng nghiep, va giup kien toan hoat ong ca nhan ni cong ong xa hoi.
II. MUC CH CUA KY THUAT CHUYEN MON
Giup cac ban tm c niem vui khi lam viec. Giup cac ban biet thao vat, sang kien, kheo leo. Giup cac ban phat trien kha nang lam viec, sang tao va giau tng tng. Giup cac ban luyen tap ch kh nh chuyen tam lam viec va hoc tap. Giup cac ban phat trien tinh than xa hoi nh s cong tac va lam viec.
III. CACH HOC VA DAY KY THUAT CHUYEN MON
1. Phai lam cho oi vien thch thu qua viec hoc tap : - Chia toan theo trnh o, kha nang. - Day t cai de en cai kho. - Khen thng va khch le khi cac oi vien thc hien c. 2. Tap va on nhieu lan cho thanh thao. 3. Khi day can lu y : - Soan ay u vat dung e day. - Cho xem mau, ch dan cach lam, dan ky vao nhng iem kho can chu y. - ng ni ma moi oi vien eu nhn thay c. - Khen nhieu cho phan khi, khong nen che dieu khi oi vien lam sai, xau. - Luon niem n nhan nai khi ch dan, tranh ray la, cau knh. - Khuyen khch oi vien lam nhieu lan cho nhuan nhuyen, co the ch dan tng oi vien va bat moi ban tuan t lam lai.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 18
IV. KET LUAN :
Ky thuat chuyen mon la phng tien giup cac ban phat trien kha nang ang tiem an ni mnh, giup cac ban lam mnh co gia tr hn, vui ve va hang hai, co gang va nhan nai, nhat la t tin vao ban than hn. Cac Tong o oi Trng nen y thc va tan dung cac phng tien chuyen mon nay e giup cho tre em Thieu Nhi kien toan mnh tuy theo kha nang va s trng cua moi em.
e la mot Tong o oi Trng c, cac ban phai la mot ngi thao vat, lanh le, kheo tay, biet quan sat va san sang ng bien trong moi tnh huong co the xay ra, x ly nhay ben va bnh tnh ng au trc moi th thach. Cac ban se la ngi i tien phong, va dan oi cua mnh tren ng i cua oan. Cac ban cung la ngi se truyen at va hng dan oi vien cua mnh nhng g can thiet cho i song oi.
Muon thc hien nhng ieu nh vay, ban than cac ban phai luon t ren luyen, trau doi cho mnh ngoai kien thc thong dung, cac ban phai thc hanh thong thao mot vai chuyen mon sau ay :
Nut day : Can thiet trong sinh hoat, trai va ap dung lien tuc. Morse, mat th : Danh cho cac tro chi ln, van ong tr phan oan. Cu thng : S cu, cap cu, mot vai bien phap thong dung. Quan tro : Linh hoat trong cac buoi sinh hoat vong tron, hop nhom hay nhng buoi van nghe bo tui. Quan ca : Truyen at lai chnh xac cac bai ca sinh hoat, phong trao Giao ly Ke chuyen : Giup cac ban tham nhap vao bai hoc mot cach hieu qua hn, nh bai lau hn, loi cuon s chu y. Nghiem tap : Tao cac oi hnh, giup cac ban van ong trong mot trat t co nh, ren luyen tnh ky luat, nhanh nhen.
NGHIEM TAP
I. TONG QUAT VE NGHIEM TAP
C Nghiem : Nghiem minh, nghiem tuc, uy nghi, chnh xac, ky luat. C Tap : Tap tuc, tap quan, thoi quen, thc tap, tap luyen, c ch. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 19
Nghiem tap la nhng viec c lam i lam lai lien ket gia ngi ieu khien va ngi c ieu khien ma qua o cac hieu lenh c thi hanh dt khoat, gon gang trat t, nhanh chong va de hieu. at hieu qua ky luat va khong c sai pham cac qui nh a c e ra. Phong Trao TNTT-VN coi nghiem tap la mot phan thc hanh trong chng trnh huan luyen oan sinh. Nh nghiem tap, ngi tre se tham nhuan tinh than ky luat tap the, co hang ngu, y thc trach nhiem, thay c ve ep va sc manh cua s ong nhat trong mot oan the.
II. CAC QUI NH VE NGHIEM TAP
e ch huy gioi, ieu hanh vng va tang uy tn, Trng trc phai hieu, nam vng cac qui nh va thc hanh ve nghiem tap nh sau:
+ Ngi ieu khien : Luon ng ve t the nghiem khi ieu khien tr t the Ngh . Khau lenh, am lenh va coi lenh phai dt khoat, ro rang. Nam vng cac thao tac quy nh ve nghiem tap.
+ Ngi c ieu khien : San sang thc hien cac lnh trong trat t, im lang va nhanh nhen. Nghiem tuc trong oi hnh. Nam vng cach thc hien oi hnh, t the.
III. CACH RA LENH
e ban hanh lenh nghiem tap, Trng ban d lenh trc roi mi ra ong lenh sau. Th du : + Chuan b chao . . . (d lenh) ang sau . . . (d lenh) + Chao. (ong lenh) Quay. (ong lenh) Khi ra lenh IM LANG Trng ho : THIEU NHI (Au Nhi, Ngha S ) Tat ca ap : HY SINH (ng day, ve t the nghiem va tuyet oi im lang ngay, sau o khong can phai ho nghiem na).
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 20
IV. CAC HIEU LENH
Hieu lenh la dung mot hnh thc nao o e ban lenh. Phong Trao s dung nhng hieu lenh sau ay : 1- Khau lenh : Dung tieng ho bang mieng e ra lenh. 2- Thu lenh : Dung tay e ra hieu. 3- Am lenh : Dung am thanh cua coi, tu va, trong. 4- C lenh : Dung c e ra lenh. Trong thc hanh, cac hieu lenh tren c phoi hp trc sau hoac cung mot luc e ra lenh tap hop oi hnh. Khi tap hop cac Trng s dung cac hieu coi sau ay : (tuy trng hp)
Chuan b : (Mot hieu coi dai) Tap hop chung : , (TH) Ngh : (T) Nghiem : ( E) Nhanh chan len : ,, (I I I) Au Nhi : , (AN) Thieu Nhi : , (TN) Ngha S : , (NS) oan Sinh (chung 3 Nganh) : , (S) Huynh Trng : , (HT) oi Trng : , (T) Cap cu : , , (SOS)
V. CAC KHAU HIEU
Khau hieu la nhng t ngan gon khi ho len co tac dung thoi thuc hanh ong cua nhieu ngi. Cac khau hieu Phong Trao s dung con la cham ngon cua nganh nh : Au Nhi : Ngoan. Thieu Nhi : Hy sinh. (Chung cho cac Nganh) Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 21
Ngha s : Chinh phuc. Chien Con : Hien lanh. Hiep s : Dan than. oi Trng : Gng mau. Huynh Trng : Phung s. Tr ta : Phuc vu. = Lu y : Moi khau hieu ch ho 1 lan.
VI. CAC THE NG
1. The ngh : a. The ng ngh khong cam c : Chan trai a sang trai mot bc bang vai, hai tay a sau lng. Ban tay trai nam ban tay phai va e ngang that lng, vai thang, lng thng, mat nhn thang.
b. The ng ngh co cam c : Chan trai a sang trai mot bc bang vai, ban tay trai nam lai e sau lng ngang that lng. Tay phai cam c a ra pha trc xeo sang ben phai mot chut (khoang 30 o). Can c cham at ngay au ngon chan cai cua chan phai. vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang.
2. The nghiem: a. The ng nghiem khong cam c : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 22
ng thang ngi, hai got chan sat vao nhau va hai ban chan m ra mot goc 45 o, hai tay xuoi t nhien theo than ngi (ngon tay gia ung vao nep quan ). Vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang. b. The ng nghiem co cam c : ng thang ngi, keo c sat vao ngi. Tay phai cam c ngang that lng, hai got chan sat vao nhau va hai ban chan m ra mot goc 45 o, tay khong cam c xuoi t nhien theo than ngi. Vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang.
VII. OI THE
Trng co the oi t the ngh sang the nghiem hoac ngc lai bang mot trong nhng cach sau ay : 1. Dung khau lenh : a. oan sinh ang ng t the ngh, hoac ang ngoi, Trng ho len khau hieu Nganh, ten oi, ten Sa mac. b. Tat ca oan sinh ho cau ap ong thi ng ve t the nghiem. (Khong can ho lai : ngh, nghiem. ) Th du : Thieu nhi : (ang t the ngh) ap : Hy sinh. (ve t the nghiem) 2. Dung thu lenh : a) Dung thu lenh ngh : (*) oan sinh ang ng t the nghiem e ch lenh ngh : Tay phai Trng nam lai, gi cao vong tren nh au, long ban tay hng ve pha trc mat. Ban tay trai cung nam lai e ang sau ngang that lng. Chan trai a sang trai mot bc bang vai, lng thang, mat nhn thang. b) Dung thu lenh nghiem : oan sinh ang ng t the ngh e ch lenh nghiem : Trng lam 3 ong tac nh thu lenh ngh. Tay phai Trng phat xuong sat thang hong ben phai, ong thi chan trai rut ve t the nghiem. Hai tay duoi thang t nhien hai ben hong, lng thang mat nhn thang.
3. Dung am lenh : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 23
Dung coi, tu va . . . thoi dai Te : - : Ngh. Tieng thoi ngan . . . Tch : : Nghiem.
4. Dung c lenh : a) Dung c lenh ngh : oan sinh ang ng t the nghiem ch lenh ngh. Trng a chan trai sang ngang pha trai mot bc, tay trai nam lai e ang sau ngang that lng. Tay phai cam c a ra pha trc, xeo sang ben phai khoang 30 o. Vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang. Can c cham at ngay au ngon chan cai cua chan phai.
b) Dung c lenh nghiem : oan sinh ang ng t the ngh ch lenh nghiem. Trng lam 3 ong tac nh c lenh ngh. Keo c sat vao ngi, tay cam c e xuoi t nhien. ong thi rut chan trai ve the nghiem, tay trai e xuoi t nhien ben hong. Vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang.
5. Tan hang : (*) Trc khi giai tan, Trng luon cho oan sinh ng the nghiem. Khi giai tan, Trng e hai tay cheo trc ngc, ban tay nam lai, long ban tay up ve pha ngc, nhng khong sat ngc. Trng ho : GIAI TAN, ong thi 2 tay vung ra. oan sinh ap : VUI, ong thi cung cao 2 tay, nhay len va giai tan ngay. (*) (Lien oan a thong nhat tay nao e ngoai cung c)
6. Ngoi va ng : a. T the ngoi : Khi oan sinh ang ng, muon cho ngoi xuong : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 24
Trng ho : Ve at. oan sinh ap : Ha. ong thi ngoi ngay xuong theo trnh t nh sau : Chan phai bat cheo trc chan trai va ngoi xuong. oi vi n khi mac jupe : hai chan sat nhau, quy xuong, gap chan sang trai. Neu co c : gac can c tren vai phai, la c nam pha sau lng. b. T the ng : Khi oan sinh ang ngoi, muon cho ng len : Trng ho : Hng tam. oan sinh ap : Len. ong thi ng day ngay va nhac chan trai ra, at got sat got ban chan phai t the nghiem. (Khong can ho lai ngh, nghiem ) VIII. CACH CHAO
Phong Trao Thieu Nhi Thanh The ch co mot cach chao duy nhat ap dung cho tat ca thanh vien trong Phong Trao t mot em Khai tam en mot v lanh ao cap cao nhat c thc hien nh sau : 1- Khi khong cam c : ng t the nghiem. a ban tay phai len ngang vai, ban tay m ra, bon ngon tay khep thang lai, ngon tay cai ep vao gia long ban tay. Long ban tay hng thang ve pha trc. Canh tay trong hp vi than mnh mot goc 30 o. Canh tay ngoai song song vi than mnh. 2- Khi cam c : ng t the nghiem. Hat nhe can c sang ben trai, ban tay trai on lay can c gi ngang that lng. Chan c van e ngay au ngon cai chan phai. Ban tay phai a len chao nh khi khong cam c. Vai thang, lng thang, mat nhn thang. 3- oan sinh se phai chao khi : oan sinh gap nhau. Trong nghi thc chao c. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 25
Khi chao on cap tren hoac quan khach. Khi trnh dien. Khi chia tay. + Lu y : Khi chao cap tren, phai i cap tren chao lai xong mi ha tay xuong. Van ng the nghiem cho en khi co lenh ngh.
IX. OI HNH
Trc khi di hanh, Trng luon cho oan sinh ng t the nghiem. Ho khau lenh : ang trc . . . . . . Bc. + Khi di chuyen ma co cam c th : (*) Kep can c di nach. Tay phai gi can c sat ngi va la c pha sau lng. Ban tay phai cam xuoi t nhien theo can c. (khong can quat ban tay t di len tren e gi can c). (*) (Lien oan a thong nhat cam c cach nao cung c)
X. CACH OI THE QUAY
Trc khi chuyen sang cac ong tac quay, Trng luon cho oan sinh ng t the nghiem. 1. Quay ben phai : Trng dung khau lenh ho: Ben phai . . . . . . . . . Quay. Hoac Trng dung c lenh : tay phai cam c a thang canh ra pha trc hp vi than mnh mot goc 90 o va hat ve pha ben phai cua oan sinh (hat ve pha tay trai cua Trng). Khi nhan lenh quay, oan sinh lay got chan phai va cac au ngon chan trai lam tru. Xoay ve ben phai mot goc 90 o. Nhac chan trai at got sat got ban chan phai ng lai t the nghiem.
2. Quay ben trai : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 26
Trng dung khau lenh ho : Ben trai . . . . . . . . Quay Hoac Trng dung c lenh : tay phai cam c a thang canh ra pha trc hp vi than mnh mot goc 90 o va hat ve pha ben trai cua oan sinh (hat ve pha tay phai cua Trng). Khi nhan lenh quay, oan sinh lay got chan trai va cac au ngon chan phai lam tru. Xoay ve ben trai mot goc 90 o. Nhac chan phai at got sat got ban chan trai ng lai t the nghiem.
3. Quay ang sau : ( ch dung khau lenh) Trng dung khau lenh ho : ang sau . . . . . . . quay Khi nghe d lenh :ang sau, oan sinh nhac ban chan phai len a ra ang sau. at mui ban chan phai ng cham at cach xa got chan trai mot ban chan, hnh thanh mot goc 90 o. Khi nghe ong lenh : Quay, oan sinh lay got chan trai lam tru, mui chan phai quay theo ve pha sau theo hng tay phai mot goc 180 o (Theo chieu kim ong ho ) hai tay van xuoi va sat than ngi, chan t ong ng ve t the nghiem. Neu cam c, tay van gi c xuoi sat than ngi khi quay.
4. Bc chuyen v tr: (ch dung khau lenh) Trc khi ra lenh chuyen bc, Trng luon cho oan sinh ng the nghiem. a) Bc ang trc : Trng ho : ang trc Bc. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 27
b) Bc ang sau : Trng ho : ang sau Bc. c) Bc qua phai : Trng ho : Ben phai Bc. d) Bc qua trai : Trng ho : Ben trai Bc. e) Bc eu : Trng ho : Bc eu Bc. g) ng lai : Trng ho : ng lai ng. h) Chnh hang : Khi phai chnh hang luc trnh dien hoac tap hop, oi Trng oi Trc lay Trng Trc lam chuan ma chuyen v tr.
Th du : Ben phai Trng Trc mot (2,3 tuy nghi ) bc . . . bc. XI. KY LUAT VE CAC OI HNH
A. Ky Luat Khi Tap Hop :
Thieu Nhi Thanh The luon tuan thu ky luat khi tap hop gom : 1. oi vi oan sinh :
a) Trc khi tap hop : Khi nghe lenh chuan b tap hop phai ngng ngay moi cong viec ang lam. oi Trng tap hop oi lai, kiem iem s so, chnh te y phuc va ch lenh. b) ang khi tap hop : Khi nghe lenh tap hop, oi Trng ho ten oi, cac oi vien ap lai khau hieu oi (mot lan ma thoi ). Trong cac oi hnh (ngoai tr hang doc), cac oi Trng luon dan oi chay vong quanh Trng ieu khien mot vong ngc chieu kim ong ho, roi vao v tr tap hop theo thu hieu oi hnh cua Trng ieu khien. Nhanh nhen, trat t va im lang (tr khi tap hop hnh tron c ca hat luc di ong theo yeu cau cua Trng ieu khien). oi Trng luon i au, oi Pho luon ng cuoi hang. oi Trng oi Trc (thng la oi trng oi I neu khong phan oi trc) co nhiem vu ieu chnh cac oi ng cho ung hang. oi trng oi I luon so hang oi ng ben trai Trng ieu khien. Sau khi a on nh oi hnh, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng ieu Khien : Chuan b chao . . . Chao, tat ca cung chao. c) Sau khi tap hop: Tat ca cac oi ng nghiem ch lenh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 28
2. oi vi Trng :
a) Trc khi tap hop : Trng dung am lenh e bao hieu tap hop bang mot hoi dai chuan b. Sau 30 giay phat am lenh oi tng tap hop kem thu hieu oi hnh. b) ang khi tap hop : Trong khi tap hop Trng s dung ca thu lenh va am lenh e ieu khien. Trng ieu khien luon ng the nghiem khi ra lenh tap hop. Khi cac oi a en u hoac qua ban, Trng ieu khien co the ha tay. c) Sau khi tap hop: Sau khi chnh hang, neu thay cha hoan chnh, Trng ieu khien neu ro khuyet iem e sa sai. B. Cach So Hang oi :
Trc khi en v tr tap hop chung, oi Trng phai so hang oi e on nh hang ngu (tr tap hop hnh tron va ban nguyet) oi Trng ng the nghiem ra khau lenh so hang oi : Phero T, (hang doc) nhn trc . . .Thang Cung luc vi ong lenh Thang, Khi co cam c : oi Trng a tay phai cam c nang len trc mat, canh tay duoi thang hp vi than mnh thanh mot goc 90 o. Khi khong cam c : oi Trng a thang canh tay phai ve pha trc mat va hp vi than mnh mot goc 90 o. Ban tay xoe ra, nam ngon khep lai, long ban tay hng ve pha trai. Neu thay cha thang hang, oi Trng se dung c hieu hay thu hieu bang cach a qua a lai e oi vien chnh lai hang ngu. Trong khi so hang, ngi oi vien ng au a thang canh tay phai len cao, ban tay m ra, cac ngon khep lai, long ban tay hng ve pha trai. Con cac oi vien khac a tay phai cham len vai phai ngi trc mat. Khi thay hang a thang, oi Trng ho Phat; ong thi ha c hoac bo tay xuong. Cac oi vien bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem. oi Trng quay lai cung oi vien ch lenh hoac ho khau lenh chao khi trnh dien.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 29
C. Cac oi Hnh :
Thieu Nhi Thanh The s dung 5 oi hnh can ban trong sinh hoat cua mnh la : hang doc, hnh ch U, hnh tron, hnh ban nguyet, hang ngang. oi hnh re quat rat t khi s dung (ch thng s dung trong cac sa mac hoac trai ). 1. HANG DOC : Dung khi tap hop chung e thong bao, nhac nh, iem danh, day khoa, nghi thc chao c, d cac nghi le phung vu v.v a. Mot hang doc : + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : (thng la oi trng ap dung khi so hang oi) Ngi ieu khien a thang canh tay phai ve pha trc mat hp vi than mnh mot go 90 o . Ban tay m ra, nam ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay hng ve pha trai. Tay trai e xuoi theo than mnh the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : oi Trc chay thang ti trc mat Trng ieu khien cach ba bc (hoac 6 bc ) ng lai theo v tr th t oi. oi trng oi trc cam c a thang len tren, can c song song vi than mnh (neu co c ) hoac tay phai a thang len, ban tay m ra, nam ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay hng ve pha ben trai. Cac oi khac ng tiep theo sau oi Trc, lan lt so hang oi thanh mot hang doc trc mat Trng. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ch ngi ieu khien bo tay xuong se ho khau hieu chao Trng. Tat ca cung chao. oi Trng ch Trng chao lai xong, ho phat, tat ca bo tay xuong ng the nghiem ch lenh. b. Nhieu hang doc : + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Trng ieu Khien a thang canh tay phai t di len ra pha trc mat, canh tay hp vi than mnh mot goc 90 o . Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 30
Ban tay m ra, nam ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay hng xuong at. Tay trai xuoi theo than mnh t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : Cac oi chay thang ti trc mat Trng ieu Khien, ng vao v tr th t cua oi mnh (t trai sang phai oi dien Trng). oi Trc ng pha ngoai cung pha ben trai cua Trng ieu Khien lam chuan. Cach Trng ieu Khien t 3 en 6 bc (tuy theo a the va so oi t hay nhieu, cang t ng cang gan) cac oi khac theo th t noi tiep cach nhau mot canh tay. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh.
+ Lu y : Nen ho khau hieu theo th t cho co trat t (khong ho loan xa).
c. Trng ieu Khien so hang trc tiep : oi Trc chay thang ti ng pha ngoai cung pha ben trai Trng ieu khien lam chuan. Cach Trng ieu Khien t 3 en 6 bc (tuy theo a the va so oi t hay nhieu) cac oi khac theo th t ng vao v tr noi tiep, cach nhau mot canh tay t trai sang phai oi dien Trng ieu khien. oi trng oi trc cam c a thang len tren can c song song vi than mnh (neu co c) hoac tay phai a thang len, ban tay m ra, nam ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay hng ve pha ben trai. Cac oi trng cac oi con lai a tay phai at len vai trai oi trng ben phai, canh tay thang, cac oi vien at tay phai len vai phai ngi pha trc, mat nhn thang vao gay ngi pha trc sao cho thang hang (hang ngang cung nh hang doc) ch lenh tiep tuc. oi trc khong can phai ho chao trng.
2. HNH CH U : Thng c s dung trong cac Nghi Thc khai mac va be mac, le chao c, le phat thng, hoc khoa . . . .
+ Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 31
Trng ieu Khien a tay phai ngang vai. Canh tay trong hp vi than mnh mot goc 90 o, canh tay ngoai song song vi than mnh. Ban tay phai nam lai, long ban tay quay vao pha au cua Trng. Tay trai e xuoi theo than mnh t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : Cac oi trng tap hop oi san sang khi nghe hieu coi chuan b. oi Trc luon dan au, sau o ti cac oi theo th t chay mot vong quanh Trng ngc chieu kim ong ho, xep ngay thanh hnh ch U eu an trc mat Trng ieu Khien. oi trng oi trc va oi pho oi cuoi cung thang hang ngang vi Trng ieu Khien. Cac oi Trng linh ong so hang oi. Ra thu lenh hoac c lenh cho oi quay ben trai. Lu y : tuyet oi khong c dung khau lenh. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh.
3. HNH TRON : Thng c dung trong cac SH vui, hop oi, hoi thao nhom + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Trng ieu Khien ng t the nghiem a hai tay vong tren nh au, ng cao qua va cung khong c sat au : hai ban tay xoe ra, nam ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay up xuong, hai au ngon tay gia cham nhau. ( thng la cham ngon cai ung au lam chuan). Khi cac oi a vao vong tron nh y, Trng ieu khien mi bo tay xuong, hoac dung coi hieu thoi Tch e ngng vong chay. Neu Trng ieu khien muon oi vien chao, Trng ieu khien bc lui vao vong tron, ng ve t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : Cac oi tuan t chay vong quanh Trng ngc theo chieu kim ong ho. ang khi chay, Trng ieu khien co the mi oi Trc hoac cac oi khac bat mot vai bai hat e tao bau kh vui ti, hang hai, soi ong. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 32
Cac oi va chay va hat va chnh vong tron sao cho ong tam, quan sat thu hieu hoac nghe coi hieu cua Trng ieu khien. Khi Trng ieu khien bo tay xuong hoac coi hieu ( tch : ) th cac oi ang chay phai ng lai ngay tai cho, t ong quay mat vao gia ng t the nghiem. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh.
4. HNH BAN NGUYET : (na vong tron) Dung trong cac sinh hoat hoi dien, thao luan, day khoa + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Trng ieu Khien gi tay phai vong tren au ng cao qua va cung khong c sat au : ban tay m ra, nam ngon khep lai, long ban tay up xuong. Tay trai xuoi theo than mnh t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : oi Trc chay dan au, cac oi th t chay theo sau vong quanh Trng ieu khien theo hng ngc chieu kim ong ho. oi Trng oi Trc ng lai khi ti ngang pha tay trai Trng. Cac oi sap xep sao cho oi Pho cua oi cuoi cung ng ngang pha ben tay phai Trng va tao thanh na vong tron co tam la Trng ieu khien. (giong oi hnh ch U nhng khong so hang). e hnh ban nguyet c eu, khi dng lai, cac oi vien t ong quay mat vao gia, nam tay hai ngi ben canh so hang cho ti khi hang cong eu th buong tay va ng the nghiem. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh. 5. HANG NGANG : Dung e trnh dien, dan hang lam cong tac ve sinh trong sa mac, ra ch th chung cho cac oi vien . . . . a. Mot Hang Ngang : + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 33
Trng ieu Khien a tay phai thang ngang vai phai, ban tay nam lai, long ban tay hng xuong at. Tay trai xuoi theo than mnh ng t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : ( Nhieu oi ) oi Trc chay dan au, cac oi theo th t chay theo sau vong quanh Trng ieu Khien theo hng ngc chieu kim ong ho, ti trc mat Trng ieu Khien t ba en sau bc, sap thanh hang ngang. oi Trng oi Trc chay cham lai va canh sao cho Trng ieu Khien luon ng gia hang. Cac oi khac lan lt ng ke tiep lay oi Trng oi trc lam chuan, ng cach nhau mot canh tay. Khi thay hang cua cac oi a can, oi trng oi trc so hang chung, roi dung c lenh hoac thu lenh cho cac oi quay ve pha Trng ieu Khien. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh. + Cach di hanh cua mot oi : ( trnh dien ) oi Trng chay dan au, cac oi vien chay theo sau vong quanh Trng ieu Khien ngc chieu kim ong ho. Ti trc mat Trng ieu Khien cach sau bc, thanh mot hang ngang. oi Trng ng lai khi thay Trng ieu Khien ng gia oi. oi Trng so hang oi (bang thu hieu hoac c hieu, khong dung khau hieu) so hang xong dung thu hieu hoac c hieu cho quay ve pha Trng ieu Khien va ng ve t the nghiem. oi Trng ho chao Trng. Ch Trng chao lai, oi trng ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh. b. Nhieu Hang Ngang : + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Trng ieu Khien a tay phai thang ngang vai phai, hnh thanh mot goc 90 o vi than mnh, ban tay m ra, cac ngon tay khep lai, long ban tay up xuong at. Tay trai xuoi theo than mnh t the nghiem. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : oi Trc chay dan au, cac oi th t chay theo sau Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 34
vong quanh Trng ieu Khien ngc chieu kim ong ho. Ti trc mat Trng ieu Khien cach sau bc, sap thanh mot hang ngang. oi Trng oi Trc ng lai khi thay Trng ieu Khien ng gia hang. Khi hang oi a can th oi Trng oi Trc so hang cua mnh va cac oi khac th t so hang tiep theo. oi nao so hang xong t ong cho quay ve pha Trng ieu Khien va ng vao t the nghiem. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh.
6. HNH RE QUAT : oi hnh re quat thng c ap dung khi Trng muon gap va trao oi rieng vi cac oi trng khi cac oi trng ang dan oi di chuyen ( trong sa mac, trai ) ma khong muon cac oi vien tan mac. + Thu hieu cua ngi ieu khien : Trng ieu Khien a thang hai tay chech len cao qua hai ben thanh hnh ch V va hng ve pha trc ngang tren tran, ban tay m ra, cac ngon khep lai, long ban tay quay vao nhau. + Cach di hanh cua cac oi : oi Trc chay dan au, cac oi th t chay theo sau vong quanh Trng ngc chieu kim ong ho, ti trc mat Trng sap thanh hnh re quat, cach trng ieu khien sau bc. oi Trc ng ben trai Trng ieu Khien. Cac oi khac lan lt ng ke tiep sao cho cac oi Trng lam thanh mot vong cung trc mat Trng va Trng ieu khien ng gia oi hnh. oi hnh ung khi Trng khong nhn thay cac oi Pho cua cac oi.. On nh xong hang ngu, oi Trng oi Trc ho chao Trng. Ch Trng ieu Khien chao lai, oi trng oi trc ho phat tat ca bo tay xuong ng t the nghiem ch lenh. Cac oi trng se t ong bc len 3 bc e nhan ch th trc tiep ni trng ieu khien (oi vien khong nghe c).
XII. TRNH DIEN : 1. Trnh dien oi: Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 35
c lenh trnh dien oi, oi trng bao cho oan sinh sa soan lai y phuc, xong ho ten oi, ca oi ap lai roi oi trng dan oi chay chay vong sau lng Trng ngc chieu kim ong ho en xep hang trc mat Trng cach Trng 3 bc, t xep sao e Trng ch huy ng gia. Xong, so hang oi ngh-nghiem (khi ho dung ten oi ). oan cho oi quay sang trai bang cach: phat manh c sang trai kem theo khau lenh: ben trai quay. oi sinh quay sang trai, van ng the nghiem. oi trng ho tiep: Chuan b chao chao. Ch Trng chao lai xong toan oi mi bo tay xuong. oi trng tien len trnh dien trc mat Trng neu can. Trnh dien xong, oi trng ra lenh chao trng, xong ho cho oi quay sang phai (ben phai.quay) roi dan oi ve v tr. Dan oi chay sau lng cac trng, ngc chieu kim ong ho.
2. Trnh dien ca nhan: en trc Trng cach khoang 3 bc chao Trng. ng nghiem ch lenh hay trnh dien ieu g. Xong chao Trng trc khi lui got.
3. Trnh dien oi trng: Nghe lenh trieu tap oi trng, cac oi trng nhanh nhen cam c chay ti xep hang ngang ngay trc mat Trng (khong can chay vong tron), cach khoang 3 bc. Moi ngi t sap xep sao e Trng ng gia ng the nghiem. oi trng oi nhat hay oi trng trc khi thay cac oi trng a ay u va hang ngu ngay ngan th ho chao Trng, ch Trng chao lai. Khi Trng thoi chao, tat ca bo tay theo, ng nghiem ch lenh hay trnh ieu g. Trnh dien xong, oi trng nhat ra lenh chao Trng xong, lui ve oi.
4. Lanh c danh d: c lenh len lanh c danh d, oi trng ho ten oi, oi ap lai khau hieu xong, oi trng dan oi trnh dien nh tren (nen nh khi i phai vong pha ngoai cua oi hnh). Trnh dien xong oi trng tien len cach Trng trao c khoang 3 bc chao trng oan cam c t the nh sau : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 36
oi trng cam c ng t the nghiem. Tay phai cam c a thang ve pha trc, canh tay cam c so vi than mnh hnh thanh mot goc 90 o. Xoay co ban tay phai sao cho can c xuoi theo song song vi tay cam c, ong thi tay trai a vao sat nach tay phai, long ban tay up xuong at on lay goc can c gi nguyen v tr. Canh tay phai va canh tay trai hnh thanh mot goc 90 o. Ch ngi trao c hoac tua buoc xong, oi trng ha c oi theo th t ngc lai, chao ngi trao c, sau o bc ve v tr cung oi chao Trng ieu khien va quan khach mot lan na, cho oi quay ve pha toan oan (ang sau . . .quay) chao toan oan, cho oi quay trai oan dan oi chay ra khoi oi hnh ve v tr cu cua oi. Lu y :
C Khi ra lenh tap hop cac oi hnh, Trng ieu khien co the dung thu lenh hoac dung khau lenh tuy trng hp. C Trng luon luon phai ng the nghiem khi ra lenh tap hop tr thu lenh Ngh. C Trong moi oi hnh, tat ca oan sinh ong chao. C Khi hop oan, neu so hang doc th cac oi vien a tay cham vai ngi trc, oi vien ng tren cung a tay phai len long ban tay hng ve pha trai, cac oi khac theo oi 1 ma so hang cho ngay ngan. C oi vien luon luon theo oi Trng khi tap hop cung nh khi giai tan. oi Pho luon ng cuoi hang. C oi trng oi I luon la oi chuan, ng ve ben trai Trng ieu khien. Khi khong co oi trc, oi I se la oi trc. C Khi so hang oi khong can phai theo th t. oi nao ng ung v tr xong c viec so hang. C Khi so hang oi vao oi hnh, oi trng ch dung thu hieu hoac c hieu ngoai ra khong dung bat c hieu lenh nao khac. C oi trng cac oi sau khi tap hop oi mnh xong th t ong quay len ch cac oi khac. oi trng oi trc quan sat sau khi tat ca on nh xong, ho khau lenh chao, va khau lenh phat khi trng chao xong. C Khi tap hop oan, Chi oan Trng ng ngang hang ve pha ben phai cua oi Trng 1. Cac Huynh Trng khac ng sau Chi oan hay Phan oan cua mnh theo hang ngang. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 37
C Khi tap hop oan, Trng ieu khien hoac Trng trc luon ng ve pha ben trai cua quan khach, Cha Tuyen Uy, Ban ieu Hanh. C Khi tap hop vong tron va hnh ban nguyet khong co so hang oi. C Trc khi thay oi oi hnh, Trng ieu khien phai giai tan oi hnh ang thc hien. C Khi tap hop oi hay on, tat ca phai tuyet oi : TRAT T IM LANG NHANH NHEN. KY NANG CU THNG
Cac ban than men! Le tat nhien, chung ta khong phai la nhng Y Bac s lanh nghe e ieu tr, cha benh cho cac benh nhan tai benh vien. Nhng nhng kien thc ve cu thng ho tr cho chung ta, giup chung ta co the manh dan ra tay giup nan nhan mot cach cap bach, kp thi trong thi gian ch i Bac s ieu tr hoac nhan vien cu ho en bang cac bien phap s cu nh kien thc cach hu hieu. Khi co s hien dien cua nhan vien cu ho ( Bac s, nhan vien y te, ngi co chuyen mon. v.v. ). Vai tro s cu cua chung ta cham dt. e co the s cu cho bat c trng hp nao, oi hoi chung ta phai at tnh thng yeu ong loai vt len hang au, khong phan biet giai cap, giau ngheo, gii tnh, khong lam viec ba bai khi khong hieu ro cong viec mnh ang thc hien, khong lam dung tnh huong vi muc ch xau, khong pho trng va ac biet phai bnh tnh, kheo leo khi tiep xuc vi nan nhan, tranh s hieu lam ang tiec co the xay ra. Cu thng ung cach se giup cho viec ieu tr cua cac Y, Bac s c de dang va thuan li hn, at hieu qua cao. Giup nan nhan bt au n va tranh t vong. Neu s cu khong ung cach, vo tnh chung ta chung ta lam tang them s ton thng cho nan nhan ang ly ra khong phai chu. Vay ngi cu thng biet phai lam g va khong lam g khi gap mot trng hp tai nan xay ra trc mat mnh ? a. Quan sat chung quanh e quyet nh dt khoat chnh xac, tranh tnh trang ngo nhan, xac nh viec mnh phai lam, va nh ngi (neu co) ho tr, ong thi bao cho moi ngi biet mnh ang lam g.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 38
b. e ngi b thng nam thoai mai, au va mnh bang nhau. Phai kham nghiem nan nhan e biet hien trang hoac vet thng cua nan nhan nang hay nhe trc khi giup ho ngoi day hay ng len. c. Tm xem co xuat huyet, ngng th, phong, gay xng, trat khp . . . Phai quan sat that ky vet thng va ieu tr ung cach. Neu nan nhan ngng th phai tm cach ho hap nhan tao thuan tien nhat giup nan nhan th lai roi mi tien hanh nhng bien phap s cu khac. d. Cho ngi bao canh sat, Bac s hoac xe cu thng. (113,115. . .) e. Luon gi bnh tnh va ng voi di di nan nhan neu khong that s can thiet (ket xe ), tranh lam vet thng nang b nang hn. f. Khong bao gi cho ngi ang bat tnh uong nc hay bat c chat long nao khac. g. ng cho ngi xem ng vay kn chung quanh nan nhan khien nan nhan co the ngat th v thieu khong kh. Luon tao cho nan nhan c thong thoang va tien nghi bao nhieu co the. h. ng e nan nhan thay vet thng cua mnh hoac tnh trang vet thng cua ho (tr trng hp can thiet). Biet an ui, khch le, tranh e nan nhan hot hoang, lo s.
tren ay, mnh ch e cap ti nhng kien thc pho thong ve s cu thng, e giup cac ban co the ng dung khi gap s co tai nan xay ra bat ng, ma chung quanh cha co ngi chuyen mon en. Trc het chung ta can phai nam nhng kien thc sau ay :
Biet cong dung mot so thuoc thng dung. Trang b hop cu thng ay u.
Trai oan hoac khi i trai oi, chi oan. Moi oi can co mot hop cu thng do ngi co kien thc ve y te quan ly va bao dng. Trong o can co mot vai loai thuoc, dung cu thong dung sau ay :
1. Thuoc sat trung. 2. Vat lieu bang bo. 3. Vai th thuoc va dung cu khac. 4. Cach bang bo nhng vet thng nhe. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 39
Cac ban can hoc biet cach bang : bang bang bang y te (compresst) ch khong phai ch bang khang quang cua mnh. Cuon bang bao gi cung c cuon tron thanh cuon dai khoang 3m en 5m. Khi bang mot vet thng, bao gi cuon bang cung nam pha tren, xa bang ra t t o chat va phai e tranh long qua hay b vng. Khi bang xong vet thng, cac ban xe oi theo chieu doc vai bang, cot mot nut n cho khoi chay day, sau o mi cot bang lai.
+ Chu y : - Bang tay chan : Bang lan t au tay hay chan bang ngc lai, ng bang xuoi theo de b chung hoac tut bang ra. - Khi gap cac khp xng, bang kieu so 8 : bang mot vong di khp xng, sau o cang cuon bang e i qua phan tren cua khp xng, tiep tuc cho en het cuon bang. - Bang ba vai : Bang lan lt, c mot vong quanh than th lai mot vong quanh bap tay. - Bang au : cuon nh mu noi . . . .
Khi gap mot tnh huong tai nan bat ng nh te, tray tay chan, chay mau, ngat xu cua oi vien mnh, cac ban phai that bnh tnh e nhan nh phng hung e x ly chnh xac. Co nhieu khi v nhan nh sai lam ma a ti hau qua nghiem trong hn. Di ay la mot vai bien phap va kinh nghiem ma cac ban co the ap dung tam thi.
= TAI CHO - Trung gio, au bung gio : Dung dau va the cao gio 2 ng cap song lng (th tht) sau o cao tiep 2 ben sn. Lu y khong phai cao cho ra that o, thc ra cao gio la mot phng phap kch thch cac huyet ao lien quan tren ng cao ma thoi. Neu con au bung, cao nhe vung bung. Ngi cao gio nen la ngi ong phai, nhat la phai n. - Nhc au, chong mat, xay xam mat may : Nen hoi ky benh nhan : Co b thng xuyen khong? neu thng xuyen (kinh nien) khong nen cho uong thuoc ba bai. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 40
Co b oi khong? Co met khong? Neu co nen cho uong Vitamine C; cho benh nhan ngh ngi.
= HO HAP NHAN TAO Cac te bao trong con ngi rat can dng kh, neu thieu dng kh trong vai phut, chung co the chet. Cac te bao b ton hai v thieu dng kh trong cac trng hp sau : - Khong kh ht vao co t dng kh nh khi xuong gieng hoac ho sau, ni khong thoang gio, nhng ngi leo nui qua cao. - Khi kh quan b nget nen khong kh khong vao phoi c nh trng hp that co, ngop hi, chet uoi va mot vai trng hp b nhiem kh oc. - Khi tim khong bm u lng mau qua huyet quan nh trng hp xuat huyet, nget tim. - Khi ong tac ieu hoa qua t, hay qua yeu do te bao cua he ho hap trung khu trong oc b te liet, hoac ng than kinh cac bap tht ho hap b nget nh trng hp chet v ru, thuoc me, thuoc ngu, chch Heroin . . . hoac trong cac trng hp b gay co, b ap manh vao au (tai nan xe, anh nhau) ien giat. Phng phap duy nhat e cu ho la ap dung Ho Hap Nhan Tao
= E LNG VA KEO TAY a. at nan nhan nam sap va ng ngang mnh ho, long tay di bung nan nhan xoc len e thao nc hoac nhng vat b nghen trong kh quan va phoi ra. Gi o na phut roi tha nan nhan xuong, e au nan nhan nam nghieng va goi tren hai ban tay xap lai vi nhau. b. Trong khi ay nh ngi phu thao bo quan ao bo mnh nan nhan, lay men hay vai phu len e ho khoi b nhiem lanh. c. Ngi lam ho hap nhan tao quy pha au nan nhan, at hai ban tay len lng ho, hai ngon cai ung nhau, long ban tay at gia ng chay hai nach nan nhan. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 41
d. T t nhon ve pha trc, canh tay thang, e tren lng nan nhan, em 1,2 theo nhp ong ho. ong tac nay e tong hi ra. e. T t lui ve pha sau, hai tay nam cui cho nan nhan keo ve pha mnh, em 3. Tiep tuc cho en khi thay sc tr keo cua vai nan nhan, em 4, 5. ong tac nay e nan nhan ht hi vo. f. Buong hai tay xuong em 6. Lam vay la tron mot chu ky. Moi phut chung ta phai lam 12 chu ky nh vay. Tuy nan nhan ln hay nho, nam hay n ma an manh hay nhe tren lng.
= HA HI THOI NGAT I. Nguyen tac: Ha hi thoi ngat la phng phap dung hi th cua ngi cu thng e thoi vao phoi benh nhan qua mieng (ho hap mieng mieng) hoac qua mui (ho hap mieng mui). Khong kh cha 21% oxy, kh th ra cha 16% oxy, neu hi th ra c a vao phoi benh nhan th van con oxy e duy tr s song. + Ap dung khi: Benh nhan ngng th nhng tim van con ap. Benh nhan th nong, yeu.
II. Cach lam: Nhanh chong a nan nhan ra khoi ni xay ra tai nan. at nan nhan ni thoang kh, ni rong quan ao. Lam thong ng th : loai bo d vat, am nht. Bat mach canh (kiem tra he tuan hoan), xem long ngc co di ong khong (kiem tra he ho hap). Ngi cap cu ngang vai nan nhan. + Tien hanh thu thuat: at nan nhan nam nga va thang tren mat phang cng. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 42
Nga au nang cam: mot tay at tren tran nan nhan, tay kia nang cam len (nh bam vao phan xng ham). Mot tay bt mui, tay kia m ham nan nhan. Ngi cap cu ht mot hi dai roi thoi vao mieng nan nhan: Neu long ngc nan nhan phong len la ung. Neu long ngc khong phong th phai kiem tra: T the au ung cha. Li co tut khong. Co con d vat ng th khong (neu con, th nghieng nan nhan sang mot ben, vo manh vao gia hai xng ba vai e tong d vat ra, roi dung vai tha hoac khan sach lay am nht). Buong mui va tha mieng nan nhan ra e long ngc nan nhan xep xuong. Ngi ln 15 lan/phut, tre con 20 lan/phut, lam cho en khi nan nhan t th lai c.
= AN TIM NGOAI LONG NGC I. Nguyen tac: Neu dung sc an vao long ngc benh nhan b ngng tim, ta se tao mot lc ep len tim lam tim bm mau. Bien phap nay c ap dung khi benh nhan ngng tim ngng th. II. Cach lam: at nan nhan tren mat phang cng. Ngi cap cu quy mot ben nan nhan, ngang vi ngc. Hai ban tay chong len nhau, roi at phan got ban tay len di cua xng c sao cho cang tay va canh tay phai thang. Dung sc cua na than tren ma an xuong ngc, sau khoang 3-4 cm. Ngi ln 60 lan/phut, tre con 100 lan/phut.
+ Lu y: oi vi tre con va ngi gia, can an nhe tay e tranh lam gay xng c. oi vi tre s sinh th an bang hai ngon tay, con tre < 8 tuoi th ch an bang mot long ban tay, cach mom mui kiem hai khoat ngon tay. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 43
Khi tim ap lai bnh thng, van phai theo doi ky benh nhan. V sau khoang 5- 10 phut, tim co the ngng ap tr lai.
= HOI SC NGNG TIM NGNG TH I. Cach xac nh: Benh nhan hon me. Long ngc khong di ong. Mat mach trung tam (mach canh, mach ben, mach canh tay).
II. Nguyen tac s cu: Nhanh chong. Theo th t A, B, C: Airway control : kiem soat ng th. Breathing support : ho tr ho hap. Circulation support : ho tr tuan hoan.
III. Cac bc tien hanh : (thc hien tai ni xay ra tai nan, ngoai benh vien) 1. Xac nh hon me. 2. Goi ngi giup . 3. at benh nhan nam tren mat phang cng. 4. Nga au nang cam. 5. Xac nh ngng th : long ngc khong di ong thoi ngat 2 cai cham (1- 1,5 giay/nhp). 6. Xac nh ngng tim: khong co mach trung tam an tim ngoai long ngc ket hp vi ha hi thoi ngat theo ty le : 5 an/1 thoi : khi co hai ngi cap cu. 15 an/2 thoi : khi ch co mot ngi cap cu. 7. Kiem tra moi 10 phut mach, ong t, mau da: Neu co mach, ong t co lai, da bt tm va hong hao hn la hoi sc co ket qua. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 44
Neu sau 30 phut ma khong co mach, ong t dan, da tm: hoi sc that bai, ngng cap cu.
= X TR CHAN THNG PHAN MEM + X tr theo RICE (gao) : Rest : ngh ngi. Ice : chm lanh ngay tc khac.
+ Cach lam : bo a vun vao bao nylon roi boc ben ngoai bang khan long ma at len cho sng au, at khoang 15 phut, co the lam 4 lan / ngay. (Tranh at nc a trc tiep len da).
Compression : bang ep (loai co be ngang ln), lot bong che ch nhng ni co xng gan sat da; co the bang ep kem ap lanh. Elevation : ke cao ni au, cao hn tim khoang 10 cm. = NGAT NC : 1. ai cng: - ay la mot trong nhng tai nan thng gap tre em ma nguyen nhan chu yeu la do te nga xuong ao ho hoac am au vao cac lu, khap, xo, be ng nc. - Tien lng phu thuoc rat nhieu vao thi gian chm di nc va s cu ban au tai hien trng.
2. S cu ban au: V thi gian vang khoang 4 phut nen phai tien hanh ha hi thoi ngat va an tim ngoai long ngc ngay sau khi vt nan nhan ra khoi mat nc.
3. Vai ieu can lu y: Khong nen xoc nc hoac loi tre qua xa, v nh the se lam mat i thi gian quy bau e hoi sc tre (thi gian vang). Khong nen h la, v nh the se gay ra dan mach, ha huyet ap, tim ap nhanh roi ngng tim. Khong nen lan lu v de gay phong. Khoang 10-20% nan nhan khong ht nc vao phoi do phan xa co that thanh mon nen goi la chet uoi kho. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 45
Tat ca cac trng hp ngat nc eu can en benh vien e ieu tr va phat hien bien chng (nh viem phoi ).
4. Phong nga: Can than vi cac dung cu cha nc sinh hoat trong gia nh. Tap bi. Pho bien cac ong tac s cu ngng tim ngng th.
= RAN CAN I. ai cng : Thng cac vet ran can nam chi, ac biet la ban tay va ban chan. Ran oc can thng co hai loai : Ran cham quap : co nhieu rng cao su mien ong Nam bo, gay roi loan ong mau. Ngoai ran cham quap, ran luc cung gay roi loan ong mau nhng nhe hn. Ran Ho (ho at, ho chua, ho meo, ran bien,): gay liet va suy ho hap. Bien chng va nguy c t vong do ran can tre em nhieu hn ngi ln. II. Chan oan : a) Ran cham quap : Benh s : ran can, ngi nha mo ta hoac mang theo ran cham quap. Lam sang : xuat hien trong vong vai gi. Tai cho: phu ne, hoai t lan nhanh, xuat huyet trong bong nc, vet thng. Toan than : roi loan ong mau: bam mau, chay mau khong cam. b) Ran Ho : Benh s : ran can, ngi nha mo ta hoac mang theo con ran ho. Lam sang : xuat hien sm trong vong 30 phut en vai gi. Tai cho : phu ne, au (nhng t hn so vi ran cham quap). Toan than : te, yeu liet chi, m mat, l m. Liet c ho hap, ngng th. c) Ran lanh can: theo doi trong vai gi Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 46
Tai cho: au, phu khong lan, khong co dau hieu hoai t hay xuat huyet. Khong co dau hieu toan than. III. Cap cu ban au : C Muc ch : lam cham s hap thu noc ran vao c the. 1. Tran an nan nhan v ho thng rat hoang s. 2. Bat ong va at chi b can thap hn tim e lam cham hap thu oc to. 3. Ra sach vet thng. 4. Nhanh chong chuyen nan nhan en benh vien. + Lu y : Cac bien phap sau ay khong con c khuyen cao v kem hieu qua, lai de b nhiem trung, tang hap thu noc oc va chay mau tai cho: (a) rach da, (b) hut noc oc bang mieng hay giac hut, (c) at garrot. = SAY NANG : 1. Nguyen nhan: do tac ong trc tiep cua anh nang len au, len gay trong mot thi gian dai. 2. Trieu chng: Nhc au, chong mat, met, au lng. Non ma, say sam mat may, kho th. Cuoi cung la hon me, tru mach neu khong c cu cha. Sot cao 40-41C. 3. X tr: a benh nhan en cho ram mat. at benh nhan nam, au hi cao, ci quan ao. Lau mat (hai nach, hai ben va toan than). Cho uong nhieu nc lanh co pha na muong ca phe muoi an trong 1 lt nc. Chuyen benh nhan en benh vien, khong ap chan, tiep tuc lau mat.
= PHONG : Trong sinh hoat hang ngay, do vo y thng xay ra nhng trng hp b phong. Nguyen nhan gay phong thng thay nhat la : Phong do nhiet, hoa chat, hoac do ien giat. A. Phong do nhiet : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 47
a. Nhiet kho : La, tia la ien, kim loai nong chay. . . b. Nhiet t : Nc soi, dau m, thc an nong soi, hi nc nong . . . + Cha tr : Cach ly nguon nhiet, ci bo phan quan ao chay hay b ngam nc, dau soi. Ngam nc lanh ngay, cang sm cang tot e giam au, giam nhanh nhiet o ni b phong, giam viem, phu, giam thoat dch huyet tng, sau o bang ep chat va mc vung b phong e han che s phat trien cua not phong (neu co nc a chm ngay th rat tot). B. Phong do Acid : + Cha tr : Ci bo phan quan ao dnh Acid, can than keo dnh vao ni khac, dung voi nc lanh, sach chay len vung phong e hoa loang Acid trong khoang 10 en 15 phut. Sau o dung thuoc trung hoa Acid nh : Natri Bicarbonat 10 20%, nc xa bong, co the dung bot phan viet, kem anh rang xoa len cho b bong.
C. Phong do nha ng long : ay la trng hp phong nhiet, chat nha ng dnh vao da lam kho khan cho s chan oan s ton hai cua vung da va ong thi cung anh hng tram trong s bai tiet cua da. + Cha tr : Dung gac (Compresse) tam hon hp dau thao moc (Dau an) 3 phan; dau hoi 1 phan e lau sach nha ng. Trc het phai lau sach vung mat va vung ngc, sau o en cac vung khac.
D. Phong do ien giat : Cat ngay nguon ien, Ho hap nhan tao ngay neu tim ngng ap, ngng th. Co ieu kien dung thuoc tr tim, kch thch ho hap, khi nan nhan a th c mi cha phong va chuyen ti benh vien. Ch cha tai cho khi vet phong nho, neu vung phong ln phai chuyen ngay en Benh vien gan nhat. S tr hoan co the se gay en t vong cho nan nhan.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 48
(Trong khi i trai thng gap nau nng b phong nhe ma khong chay da, dung nc xa bong ac xoa len vet bong nhe, cam oan khoi nhc ngay). = DI CHUYEN : 1. a ngi t tren lau xuong : Khi cau thang v mot ly do nao o tat nghen khong i c nh : la chay, sup o . . .Ta co the dung day thong ngi can cap cu xuong neu trng hp co day bao am. D nhien cac em phai ap dung ung nut : ghe n, ghe kep, cu hoa. Khi thong xuong can chu y en sc nang cua nan nhan e lc chon the ng va the buoc day cho bao am. Coi chng sc nang o keo cac em xuong theo luon. Trng hp th hai, cac em co the om nan nhan nhay t tren lau xuong (rat hiem) d nhien di phai co nhieu ngi dung chan, ponso, chieu men giang ra ch nan nhan nhay . . . nhng ngi cam chan (t nhat la 4 ngi ) phai cam cac goc chan that chac, cao khoi mat at kha kha e nan nhan ri xuong khong b cham at. V the khi en cap cu mot cho nao, cac em nh mang theo mot cai chan hay Ponso e e phong nhng trng hp noi tren. 2. a ngi t di nc vao b : Gap ngi sap chet uoi, cac em phai tm cach cu ho khi chung quanh khong co ai. e co the cu ho, cac em nen lu y nhng iem sau: - Ho to cho moi ngi chung quanh ti tiep cu. - Tan dung tat ca nhng vat dung chung quanh co the s dung cho viec tiep cu nh : cay sao dai, oan day, phao, go . . . - Cac em phai la ngi biet bi thao, neu khong ban se hy sinh vo ch, co the ban se b chet uoi theo v kiet sc. - Neu co san day, cac em co the lam nut ghe n quan vao mnh, nh ban hoac ngi ng tren b gi dum mot au day kia, hoac cot vao mot iem ta chac chan. - Khi bi ti nan nhan, ng e nan nhan bam vao mnh, tam ly chung ke sap chet uoi la nam c g se om chat, nh vay se lam cac em bo tay, coi chng chet theo ho. V the cac em tm cach nam chan ho, khoa tay neu co the, b qua co the am cho ho ngat i roi du vao bang cach bi nga e ho nam tren . . . cac em phai het sc chu y khi en gan nan nhan, khi du ho vao b, cac em cung phai e phong bat ng b ho om cng.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 49
3. a ngi t trong nha ang boc chay ra ngoai : Trc het, cac em can trang b mot khan tay t che mui va mieng . e co the chay nhanh qua ngon la hay tranh tan la, cac em hay lay mot cai men (chan) cu nhung t nc, khoet mot lo e chui au qua. Tren au neu up len mot cai noi th tuyet qua. Khi di chuyen, nen khom hoac bo sat at v t khoi hn. Nen i men theo tng v la cho t chay hn. Cac em hay chu y nhng vat ri xuong, va ngo lai sau xem loi ra the nao. a ngi b ngat ra khoi am chay, cac em co the ap dung nhng phng phap sau ay : a. Dung nut ghe n : Lam hai nut ghe n au day, mot au quang qua mnh, mot au day kia trong qua nan nhan sau nach, sau o dung vat g day lot di nan nhan (Mong va hai got chan) sau o khom lng keo nan nhan ra ngoai. b. Bo va keo nan nhan : cac em at nan nhan nam nga, cot hai co tay nan nhan lon qua co cac em, Tm vat cng day lot di got chan nan nhan, sau o va bo va dch chuyen nan nhan ra ngoai. Khi ap dung hai cach tren, cac em phai lu y khi keo, dch chuyen nan nhan, nhng phan ni c the nan nhan tiep xuc xuong san xi mang co the gay ton hai tram trong cho nan nhan.
4. Tai thng : - Di chuyen nan nhan cho thch hp la viec rat quan trong trong mon cap cu. Neu ta cham soc chu ao ma di chuyen khong kheo moi s co the tr nen vo ch, va oi khi con lam kho khan hn cho viec ieu tr. ac biet la cac vet thng vung au, vung ngc, gay xng sn, xng song, xng ui . . . - Ngoai tr nhng trng hp ac biet, viec di chuyen nan nhan phai c mot y s ch than ieu khien hay hng dan. Khi di chuyen nan nhan khong c hap tap, va phai co nhng bien phap cap cu can thiet nh Ho hap nhan tao, lam Garrot . . . ong thi ni long quan ao cua nan nhan. - Neu co cang cu thng e di chuyen nan nhan la tot nhat. Nhng neu khong co th sao? Di ay la mot vai phng cach ma cac em co the van dung mot cach nhanh chong, hu hieu :
+ Lam cang : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 50
a. Dung khan quang : at hai gay song song vi nhau, dung khan quang noi hai au bang nut det trong qua vong hai gay. Cang nhieu khan quang cang tot. Nan nhan nam tren moi nut. b. Dung bao bo : Cat ay bao, xuyen gay qua. c. Dung hai ao smi : Lon trai, xuyen gay qua hai tay ao, cai tat ca cuc ao lai. Hai ao smi phai tng ng vi nhau, ng mot to, mot nho, at nan nhan nam tren hang nut ao.
Chu y : Khi lam cang xong phai th lai bang cach nh mot ngi co sc nang bang hay nang hn nan nhan nam th, e tranh trng hp khi at nan nhan len, cang chu khong noi, gay, tuot, rach . . . do sc nang cua nan nhan th ung la tai hoa ln.
+ at nan nhan len cang : at cang theo chieu doc pha tren au nan nhan, trong khi mot ngi nang pha vai, ngi kia nang pha au goi nan nhan mot cach nhe nhang, hai ngi phu trach khieng cang se lua cang vao, qua gia hai chan cua ngi khieng, e cho hai ngi khieng t t at nan nhan xuong cang.
Luon luon e au nan nhan cao hn chan, tr trng hp nan nhan b gay xng ui hay b ngat xu. Khi len doc phai e au nan nhan ngang bang hoac thap hn chan mot chut.
+ Di chuyen : Khi di chuyen, chan nan nhan i trc, ngi khien pha sau la ngi ieu khien. Khong c la loi am , nhng ra lenh t t, ro rang : chuan b khieng . . . . . . khieng. Khi nghe ho : chuan b khieng hai ngi khieng nam lay tay cang, nghe lenh khieng t t ng len, (khong bao gi ngoi xom khi nhac cang, ngi ang trc co goi phai 90 o, chan trai co sat goi. Ngi ang sau ngc lai, chan phai co sat goi, chan trai co goi 90 o). Cac khau lenh nh : tien, ngng, ha. . . phai c truyen ro rang theo phng thc, co d lenh va ong lenh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 51
Ngi i trc bc i bang chan trai th ngi i sau bc bang chan phai, bc i tng bc ngan. Ngoai nhiem vu ieu khien ngi i trc, ngi i sau con co nhiem vu quan sat nan nhan e e phong cac bien chng co the xay ra. Neu nan nhan qua v ai, co the dung 4 ngi khieng, moi ngi mot au cang va eu i ben ngoai cang. Ngi i sau ben trai la ngi ieu khien.
+ Tai thng bang cac phng tien khac : Viec di chuyen nan nhan trong tnh trang tram trong la ieu can thiet, oi khi chung ta khong the tm c nhng vat lieu can co e thc hien mot cang tai thng cho ang hoang. Di ay n c mot vai cach thc dung n gian va nhanh nhat. (Tuy trng hp). a. Dung ghe : Neu nan nhan khong b gay xng tram trong, cho nan nhan ngoi tren ghe da. - Mot ngi gi lng ghe. - Mot ngi nam hai chan trc cua ghe, sat mat ghe. b. Dung tay : Cach 1: - Mot ngi be hai chan nan nhan cho au goi, i trc. - Mot ngi lon tay di nach nan nhan, hai ban tay nam lay nhau trc ngc nan nhan. Cach 2: - Hai ngi khieng ng canh nhau, tay phai ngi nay nam chat tay trai ngi kia, con hai tay kia nam chat cm tay nhau. - Nan nhan se ngoi lot mong vao gia 4 canh tay, da lng vao hai tay ngi khieng, hai tay nan nhan choang qua vai hai ngi khieng.
5. Biet x tr trc mot tai nan xe co : ang i ng, thnh lnh cac ban gap mot tai nan xay ra trc mat, cac ban phai lam g? Trc het, tm moi cach bao cho cac xe ang chay ti ngng lai hoac ne sang ben, sau o chay mau ti cho va xay ra tai nan xem co g can phai giup ngay khong. V du nh : a nan nhan ra khoi xe bat au chay, thoat khoi khu vc xang trong xe chay ra, hoac tm cach a nan nhan ang b xe e len mnh cach kheo leo . . . ong thi sau o chnh cac ban hoac nh mot ngi Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 52
ben canh bao tin cho cong an biet ( goi so : 113 115 ) hoac cho tram cap cu gan nhat e tm xe cu thng (trng hp tram trong). Cac ban cung co the dung khan quang hoac vai . . . e bang bo tam thi hoac co nh nhng vet thng ni tay hoac chan cho nan nhan.
Hn na, trong nhng tai nan, cong an chc nang can lam cam ket (Bien ban), v the cac ban phai co gang e yen hien trang ban au luc xay ra tai nan, (hoac ghi nh e khi can khai bao), giup nhan vien chc nang lam viec de dang thuan li. Khi mot tai nan xay ra, dan chung chung quanh thng v to mo nen en vay quanh nan nhan . . . ieu nay that bat li cho nan nhan va nhan vien thi hanh cong vu. Neu c, cac ban co gang ngan can ng cho ho ti gan nan nhan. Tuy nhien, trong khi cac ban ang mac bo ong phuc Phong-trao tren ngi, cac ban co the hanh ong khong may kho khan, mien la gi lch s, on ton giai thch viec lam cua mnh vi moi ngi. Cac ban cung co the phan nao giup cho khoi be tac giao thong bang cach dep mot ben nhng tre em to mo, can loi. Sau cung, cac ban co the giup nhan vien y te a nan nhan ti xe cu thng.
o la trong nhng trng hp cac ban co the hanh ong . . . co nhieu luc cac ban khong the lam g c, nhat la khi cac ban en sau tai nan. Tot hn het cac ban hay tranh xa e ngi khac lam viec, ng to mo gay tr ngai cho viec cap cu cua ngi khac. Cung ng bao gi to ra ta ay anh hung hoac ra ve ta ay hieu biet ma dam chan ngi chuyen mon ang lam viec.
Nhng ky nang cu thng tren ay ch la mot phan nho be trong kien thc cua ngi Tong o oi Trng. Khi can thiet, hay ng dung vi long thng yeu ong loai va lam bang chnh con tim cua mnh. Co gang len hi cac bac s tng lai cua Phong-trao, cua xa hoi.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 53
KY NANG LEU TRAI
rai la mot ni ma o, chung ta thc hien va ap dung nhng hieu biet e buoi hoc da ngoai hay buoi gap g, giao lu them phong phu va sang tao. Trai cung la ni ngi huynh trng khang nh kha nang cua mnh, ve chuyen mon cung nh ve nghe that cam oi cua mnh. e dan oi i en thanh cong, hoac to chc cho oi mot buoi hoc da ngoai ly thu, cac ban can nam vng mot vai yeu to sau ay e ban bac hoac khi i tien tram hoac e len chng trnh trai cho oi, oan. I. A IEM : a. at trai ly tng : Mot khu at kho, cao, mem . . . nam ven rng hi dong doc mot chut xu e nc co the lu thong de dang (khong b ung nc); Hi kin kn e tranh bt gio, gan xom lang (de dang tiep te ) va t cho trai en ni co the lay nc uong khong xa qua 100m. b. Ban tng trnh ve v tr at trai : ( Tien tram) + a iem at trai : - Loai at. - Dien tch. - Phng hng s hu chu. - Khoang cach v tr en ni lay nc c. - Khoang cach en rng ( cui).khoang cach t trai en song, may nc, ao ho ( giat giu). + Tiep te : - Khoang cach en ch . . . - Khoang cach en xom lang, tnh . . + Giao thong : - ng xa, phng tien di chuyen i , en . . . . - ng sat, nha ga . . . - Bu ien, tram ien thoai, benh vien, vung lan can . . . - Linh tinh . . .
T
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 54
II. CHUAN B VAT DUNG : Leu, vai trai, tui ng leu, coc leu, gay, day thng, en bao . . . la nhng vat dung khong the thieu trong cac buoi trai. V vay cac ban phai biet bao quan e co the san sang s dung bat c luc nao. ng bao gi gap leu khi con t. Neu gap tri ma, th khi ve phai em phi that kho ngay. Leu am ma c gap lai e lau qua 24 gi la ke nh tieu tung cai leu, cha ke mui hoi nhc lo mui khi dng leu sau nay. Neu leu b rach, du ch mot lo nho, hay b tuot ch, phai va ngay. nha ng gap leu chat qua, nen gap lam sao cho khong kh lu thong c qua cac nep gap. - Day thng : cuon lai va treo len, khi s dung nen e gon gang. - Ru, ra, cuoc xeng : nen dung ung luc, khong vt ba bai. Sau buoi trai, nen boi mot lp m va bo trong bao at ni kho rao. - o nhom : ng e cac chat Acid ( giam, chanh) vao o dung bang nhom, v se b h hong do Acid xuc tac vi nhom. - Tui cu thng : kiem tra lai toan bo so thuoc can dung, loai nao het han s dung, ng luyen tiec, hay vt bo vao sot rac ngay. Loai nao thieu can bo xung ngay (ng tiec tien khi mua e o ma cha s dung en. en khi can khong co ma xai ). - Vat dung ca nhan : sap xep gon nhe can thiet, khong nen em theo mot tu quan ao at vao balo.
III. KY THUAT DNG LEU : a. Hnh thc : Mot cai leu dng ung cach phai co : Moi day cang cho mot coc leu, sc cang day phai va u e mai leu khong trung, tren mai leu khong co iem nhan nao. b. Hng leu : Ngoai trng hp cac trai ln phai theo hng chung do Ban ieu Hanh trai an nh, con th theo quy tac sau :
1. Khong cam leu cho at trung v nc ngap se tran vao.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 55
2. Cung khong cam cho cao chenh venh, gio manh se lam toc cac coc leu, hoac lam leu mau b rach.
3. Tot nhat la at cam leu phai bang phang, neu co hi nghieng th cang hay.
Neu la x lanh, can nhieu anh sang e si am, ta hng ca leu ve pha ong. Neu la x nong, can tranh nang, ta hng ca leu theo hng ong Bac hay ong Nam. Nhng hng leu con tuy thuoc phan ln hng gio manh thoi ngang leu.
c. Dng leu : - Khong gio : Trc tien ta trai leu ra tren v tr c ch nh, sau o ve mot hnh ch nhat vong ngoai trong v tr trai leu (nh a noi phan hnh thc). nh v coc leu va ong san coc leu. Coc leu phai ong xien goc 45 o. Dng 2 coc leu trc tien sao cho thang hang, sau o la 4 coc con 4 goc leu, cuoi cung mi en nhng coc con hong leu. Moc day leu vao coc xong phai rut cho thang, neu leu b nhan phai sa ngay bang cach rut hoac ni day, xe dch coc leu 4 goc leu. Day leu buoc vao coc dung nut tang hoac nut chay e lam cang day hoac trung day mot cach de dang, muc ch e : cang lai day luc ma, gio, sau mot ngay phi nangv.v
- Co gio : Trc tien cot san day vao 4 goc leu, vao 2 au gay. m chng chieu dai cua leu, ong trc 2 coc chnh (co the ong them hai coc phu). Xep oi leu at nam theo chieu gio, khi dng leu, dng len ngc chieu gio va cot trc cac goc leu ben ngc gio e chu, lu y gio manh co the lam tung cot leu, do o coc leu phai c chon sau vao at
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 56
cho chac chan, ke tiep cot cac goc con lai. Neu ong ngi nen phan cho moi ngi chu trach nhiem mot goc di s hng dan cua oi trng.
- Co ma : e bao quan vat dung ca nhan cua toan oi, cac ban phai phong nga trng hp tri ma (vao mua ma) luc o se rat kho ng pho. V cac ban neu co cam trai vao mua ma, nen dung 2 gay ngan hn hoac chon sau hai gay nham ha thap chieu cao cua leu sao cho m leu cach mat at khoang 10cm (1 tac). at leu phai hi doc, ong thi cac ban phai ao ng ranh thoat nc chung quanh vao trong m leu, sau khoang 10cm t can en sau dan ve ng thoat, at ao ranh cac ban ap thanh con ln (e) pha trong ranh ngan nga nc thoat khong kp se tran vao leu. Cuoi mng nen ao sau hn, pha di doc e nc de dang thoat.
Tren ay la nhng chia se vi cac ban ky thuat dng leu can ban. Sau nay co nhieu kieu leu hien ai hn, cau ky hn, tien nghi hn, s dung nhieu gay hn nhng tat ca eu phai da vao cac nguyen tac tren. Do o neu gap mot kieu leu la, ng ngai, hay trai ra, quan sat hnh dang, kieu cach, kch thc va manh dan bat tay vao viec. ng ngai kho.
= DNG LEU VI MOT NGI Cac ban than men! Dng leu khong kho neu co nhieu ngi cung thc hien phai khong cac ban? Nhng neu v mot ly do nao o ma ta ch co mot mnh vi leu tren tay, chang le ta chu nam phi sng gio hoac chu t v tri ma sao?. Mot so ky thuat dng leu di ay se giup cac ban thc hien c mot cho ngu hoac ngh ngi an toan du cac ban ch co mot mnh. Ta lan lt thc hien cac bc nh sau: 1. ong vat ca leu lai (neu co), ong 4 coc goc leu thanh hnh ch nhat sao cho tng Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 57
ng vi kch thc leu. Dng mot gay chnh ngay ca leu trc.
2. ong mot coc chnh, nham khoang vuong goc vi ca leu va cach xa ca leu khoang cach bang o dai cua than gay.
3. Dng tiep theo gay pha sau, ong coc chnh con lai, cang day pha sau va keo mep nh leu cho thang.
4. ong 4 coc vao 4 goc, cang theo ng mai hien, cang that thang e cho mai khong nhan, cac day cang di cac coc eu phai nham nh gay oi dien, doc theo ng cheo cua mai leu.
5. ong cac coc con lai, m vat ca leu, vao leu xep mep ra vao trong, trai tam bat lot len tren nen.
Chu y : - Khi gap ma to hay co gio ln, cac day va mai leu trung xuong, ta phai cang lai day cho thang. - Khong e trai sinh chay nhay gan leu, phong b vap cac day cang leu, gay tai nan hoac rach leu. . . - Khong nen dng leu di tan cay v : Coc ong xuong co the lam t re cay. Khi tri het ma, nhng giot nc to ong tren canh, la van nho giot xuong lam dot mai. Canh cay kho don co the gay, ri xuong e len leu, tham ch co the gay ra tai nan nguy hiem. Tranh cam leu gan cay cao, to ng mot mnh gia ong vao mua ma, e phong set anh. Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 58
- Khong nen cam leu vao khu co co ram, o de gap ran ho, loai bo sat mau lanh thch tm hi am. - Khong nen dng leu tren nhng o kien, moi (go cao) nen em phong thao DDT rai quanh leu. - Tuyet oi khong c phi quan ao cac day cang mai leu hoac tren mai leu, tranh lam chung day. - Khong c an uong trong leu, nhng manh thc an se loi keo kien en. - Khong c e giay dep trong leu. Phai e gon ghe ngoai ca leu.
- o ac, hanh ly , balo phai c sap xep gon ghe, vat nao cho o, sach se, ngan nap. NUT DAY
uc ch cua viec hoc nut day cung la mot phng cach ren luyen cho cac ban co kha nang thao vat, kheo leo va sang tao. La thc hien mot ky thuat tren day sao cho at yeu cau la : that nhanh, chac chan va de m. Nut day c ap dung trong cuoc song hang ngay, trong cac buoi sinh hoat, trai he hoac trai huan luyen. Chung ta thng ap dung cac nut sau ay trong cac buoi trai :
1. Nut Det:
- La nut thong dung nhat, dung e noi hai au day co tiet dien bang nhau, buoc o vat, goi hang, buoc ket thuc bang cu thng.
2. Nut Det Kep 1:
M
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 59
- Xoan vong th nhat them mot vong, tao them s chac chan.
3. Nut Det Kep 2 :
- Nut nay lam tuy lau hn, nhng chac chan va ep hn det kep 1.
4. Nut Hoa cot giay : (Nut Det khoa song)
Khi cot giay, ngi ta can chac chan luc s dung, nhng lai het sc nhanh chong khi thao ra. Muon the ong tac 2 cua nut det, ta tao ra khoa song bang cach gap si day lai roi xiet nh nut Det.
5. Th Det : Dung e noi ch det hoac noi hai au day khong bang nhau.
6. Th Det Song : (co khoa)
Dung e buoc goc mai leu co may san vong day vai.
7. Noi ch cau:
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 60
Dung e noi ch cau, noi hai au day trn bang nhau, dung e keo man san khau hay rap hat. Trong mot so trng hp, ngi ta dung nut nay e noi hai au day khong bang nhau.
8. Nut Thuyen chai :
Dung e neo thuyen vao coc tren b, dung e buoc au leu, khi au cho tat ca cac moi nut rap cay.
9. Nut Ghe n :
Dung e keo mot ngi t di len hay tha mot ngi t tren cao xuong.
10. Ghe kep 1: 11. Ghe kep 2 :
12. Rap cay ch thap t :
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 61
KY NANG TAP HAT
ay la mot trong nhng ky nang co le gay go vi cac ban lam ay, bi v co le chung ta hat con cha ra g huong g con tap cho ngi khac hat. Nhng nh chung ta a biet, sinh hoat vui chi gan lien vi ca hat cua tap the, gay bau kh soi ong cho moi ngi, hat con lam cho chung ta giam i bao nhieu noi u phien trong cuoc song va keo tam long moi ngi en gan nhau, hoa ong vi nhau. Vi cac ban co nang khieu bam sinh, Chua cho co chat giong chuan va lo tai nhay ben trong am nhac, hoac c ao tao hoan canh chnh qui, ieu o chung ta khong e cap ay. Chung ta ch cung nhau chia se vi mot so cac ban ang gap kho khan trong van e nay, o la hat va tap cho moi ngi cung hat. Nao chung ta cung hat nhe ( Lay Chua chung con ve t bon phng tri . . . .. . . . .) Cac ban lang nghe tieng hat cua mnh va cua cac ban khac nh the nao? Co ung nh anh ch a hng dan mnh khong? Nghe co chuan khong? Neu co the, nh anh ch em mnh nhan cung nhan xet, neu nghe c xem nh cac ban a i c na ng, con nh b che th khoan voi nan long ma hay rang tap luyen, chu kho hn na. Vay e hat va tap hat cho moi ngi, ta phai lam sao ay? + HAT : e hat c mot bai hat oi hoi nhng yeu to sau: - oc ky li bai hat, hieu noi dung bai hat, cau truc cua bai hat. - Co gang hat ung tng ch cung vi cung am cua not nhac. - Gi ung cao o (giong cao thap) va trng o (nhanh cham) theo not nhac hien th trong bai hat. - Hat ro rang, mach lac tng cau, tng ch li bai hat.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 62
- Dien at c y ngha bai hat : vui ti, em du, soi ong. . . - Nhap tam bai hat (gan nh thuoc long). + TAP HAT : Khi tap cho oi vien mot bai hat, hay cho mot cong oan cung vay, cac ban hay lu y mot so van e can thiet e co mot buoi tap hat thanh cong. o la : - Chon bai : The loai bai : Giao ly ca sinh hoat ca . . . Muc ch s dung : giang bai, cau nguyen, sinh hoat . . . On that ky bai hat mnh muon tap, xem co con sai sot oan nao khong? e y oan nao kho can lu y khi tap.
- Chuan b bai hat : Phat bai hat (neu co ieu kien photo hay sach co san). Chep bai hat len bang, ghi len cao e khong b khuat tam nhn. oc qua mot lan cho oi vien theo doi co sai sot khong? Nen cho hoc thuoc long bai hat du a co bai hat hay chep bang.
- Hat th : oc qua mot lan na (oc chung) toan bo ch trong bai hat. Hat qua vai lan, cham rai, ro tieng. Lu y cac oan kho, hat lai vai lan cho kho.
- Tap hat : Tap tng cau, tng oan, c 2,3 oan rap noi mot lan. Tap noi ket cho en het bai. Cho cac em hat lai vai lan mot mnh. Lang nghe nhng oan nao sai e sa cha kp thi. Khch le bang cach khen ngi khi cac em hat ung.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 63
+ Cac ban can lu y : Phai nam vng bai hat mi tap. Khi thay hat sai phai dng lai sa ngay (luc o con de sa, en khi thanh thoi quen rat kho sa lai). Cho hat i hat lai nhieu lan, chia thanh nhom cho hat uoi nhau, tng cau thay phien nham giup cho moi ngi thuoc ky bai hat. Trng hp gap bai hat kho tiep thu, ng cau co ma hay tam ngng, cho cac em giai lao, hoac tap bai hat khac, sau o mi tr lai bai cu. Nen dien at bai hat bang ieu bo (tay anh nhp) soi ong, linh hoat hay tram t, cung knh, thiet tha . . . lo ra tren net mat e loi keo anh hng ti ngi c tap hat. Cuoi cung chung ta ch quen cac em cua mnh a co gang tap hat ngay hom nay, va mong gap lai trong cac buoi tap hat khac.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 64
TAP MUA BAI HAT (MINI VU)
rong gi hoc cung nh sinh hoat, giao lu. e thay oi khong kh cang thang, met moi, chung ta thng c e ngh hat mot bai, hoac cho mot bang reo . . . n thuan chung ta cung hat bai hat cung th th gian gian roi, nhng neu kem theo mot vai c ieu van ong than the, th qua that s met moi se tan bien ngay.
Nhng bai hat ket hp vi ong tac ta goi la mua hay con goi la mini vu. Vay mua la s ket hp nhp nhang, chat che gia li bai hat va ong tac tay chan, than mnh cua ngi thc hien, tng ca nhan hay ca tap the ang hien dien trong buoi sinh hoat.
e tap mot bai mua (vu) hoac sang tac mot bai mua, cung giong nh tap hat, can co nhng yeu to can ban sau ay : - Phai nam that vng bai hat : thuoc bai hat, hat ung, ung nhp. - Li bai hat va ong tac phai i oi vi nhau. Ta ap dung : Thien : Hng len tri, nhng g can cung knh trang trong. Nhan : Trung tam, trc mat, bieu lo s cam xuc, phong khoang. a : di, nhn vao sam hoi, an nan. - ong tac, c ieu n s de tap nhng khong n ieu, cac ong tac phai ket noi vi nhau lien tuc sao cho phu hp vi la tuoi va gii tnh. - ieu mua phai t nhien, khong lo lang, bat nhao, ky khoi . . . - Tan dung toi a cac c ieu cua co, hong, tay chan . . . - Vi phai n can tranh nhng ong tac gi cao chan ( mac Juyp )
+ Lu y : Vi oi hnh vong tron, khi bc vao trong may bc, th sau o phai lui ra may bc e gi c ly vong tron. Trong ieu mua phai luon duy tr oi hnh cho that tot va c ieu phai ron rang. T
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 65
+ Ky thuat tap : 1. Mua trc vai lan cham rai, lu y cac cho kho, lap i, lap lai. 2. Tap tng ong tac, tng oan, sa sai ngay khi phat hien. 3. Rap tng oan lai vi nhau, va cho mua lai vai lan cho nhuan nhuyen.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 66
KY NANG QUAN TRO uan tro la trung tam va la s thanh cong hay that bai cua mot buoi sinh hoat, mot em la trai hoac la mot buoi gap g, giao lu. Do o nhiem vu cua ngi quan tro la tao mot bau kh soi ong, hoat nao, vui ti, loi cuon . . . Ngi quan tro la ngi quyet nh moi chng trnh va san sang can thiep khong e cho bau kh b loang hoac b ong. V the, la Tong o oi trng, cac ban can luyen tap cho mnh kha nang nay, s nhanh nhen, nhay ben va con can am na. Tranh trng hp lung tung hay mat bnh tnh trc am ong ang ch cac ban ieu khien.
I. CACH RA MOT TRO CHI : 1. Giai thch luat chi ro rang, kem theo c ch dien ta. 2. Trnh bay theo th t hp ly, de hieu. 3. Cho chi (thc hanh) nhap neu tro chi kho on lai trc khi chi that. 4. Ngng cuoc chi trc khi moi ngi chan, met. 5. anh gia ket qua nhan xet u khuyet iem rut ra bai hoc.
II. BON IEU CAN THIET CHO NGI QUAN TRO : 1. Co von lieng : - Biet ro luat chi va cach chi. - Co san nhieu tro chi d tr trong tui (khong e b can). - Chon loc tro chi, tranh nhng tro chi : Gay oan thu. Tay chan bat nha. Che dieu. May rui.
2. Giong noi va khuon mat : Q Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 67
Giong noi : Ngan gon, de hieu, khau lenh dt khoat. Vui ve ma nghiem minh. Khuon mat : Ti tnh, ci m. Tranh e lo s nong nay, sot ruot, nan long hay nat no gay gat.
3. C ch dang ieu : Ket hp vi giong noi sao cho co duyen, gan gui vi ngi chi. Tranh c ch tha, vung ve gay mat t chu.
4. e y quan sat : So lng ngi chi e co tro chi phu hp. oi tng c chi : La tuoi Phai tnh Trnh o. Bau kh san bai khu vc chi an toan . . . Y phuc vat dung kh tai . . .
III. UC KET CUA NGI QUAN TRO : Sau khi tro chi ket thuc, ngi quan tro nen cho ngi chi biet s anh gia cua mnh ve tro chi va roi, nhng g can bo xung cho lan chi sau, khen thng va khuyen khch cac oi thang, thua. Nhng ieu quan trong nhat la cho biet tro chi va qua a giup cho moi ngi li ch ve kha canh nao? ieu o giup cho ngi chi biet rang mnh chi nhng mnh ang hoc, va hoc trong cac tro chi. a phan, cac quan tro thng cho chi en phut cuoi cung va thng khong rut ra c ieu g cho cac em nho, t o cac em nho ch cho o la tro chi n thuan, thch th chi, khong thch th thoi, khong co s co gang tham gia (ch la chi, va cac anh ch khong quan tam cac em co thch hay khong?) do o la ngi quan tro, cac ban co gang dung moi cach (ap dung tro chi) va phan tch cho cac em nho thay c rang mnh ang hoc nhng ieu can thiet chnh trong cuoc song cua mnh.
V du nh :
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 68
- Tro chi van ong : Th gian, bao ve sc khoe, tap phan ng nhanh trc moi tnh huong, ch quyet thang, kien cng . . .
- Tro chi au tr : Luyen tap tr oc, phan oan chnh xac, th gian . .
- Tro chi ln : Tap tnh oan ket, tinh than yeu thng, giup lan nhau, tnh ky luat, vang phuc cap ch huy, van dung tong hp . . .
Qua cac v du tren cho cac ban thay tro chi ma ngi quan tro a ra khong con n thuan la tro chi na ma la mot phng cach giao duc, nham huan luyen hoac on tap nhng ky nang a c hoc. Do o cac ban phai soan thao hoac hieu that ro noi dung cua tro chi ma mnh a ra, trc khi cho chi va nh uc ket tro chi cho that hoan hao.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 69
KY NANG KE CHUYEN
I. TAM QUAN TRONG CUA CHUYEN KE : Chuyen ke co mot u the rat ln la : Tam ly chung, ai cung thch nghe ke chuyen. Mot cau chuyen hay se gay an tng va tac ong manh en ngi oc, ngi nghe, ho co the khoc, ci, gian, phan chan . . . vi nhan vat va tnh tiet cua cau chuyen. Chuyen ke co tam quan trong rat ln trong viec giao duc : Qua mot cau chuyen, ta co the giup cac em de hieu va nh lau mot bai hoc ve giao ly hay nhan ban. ac biet gng cua Chua Giesu : Trong suot thi gian i rao giang Tin Mng, Chua Giesu thng dung nhng ngu ngon ngan, de hieu, qua o giup cho moi ngi, ke ca nhng ngi t hoc co the hieu c mau nhiem Nc Tri cao sieu.
II. NHNG CHUAN B CAN THIET : 1. Nguon truyen Cach su tam : a- Nguon truyen : Sach bao dan chng trong cuoc song . . . b- Cach su tam truyen : - Lam thanh cuon hng lieu, ghi lai xuat x, noi dung, the loai. . . phan loai nhng cau chuyen a oc trong sach , bao. . . - Quan sat chnh trong cuoc song va ghi nhan lai. 2. Noi dung : a- Lanh manh Thanh thien Hng thng. . . b- Chu e phai am hp tng la tuoi khac nhau.
+ Lu y : Khi ke chuyen, co the them mam muoi vao cau chuyen cho them phan hap dan, nhng khong c i lac y chnh hoac xuyen tac noi dung cot chuyen. 3. Hnh Thc : Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 70
Tuy theo la tuoi, ngi ke chuyen ap dung nhng hnh thc dien at khac nhau : T 6t 10t : Chuyen co tch, ngu ngon (roi, hnh anh, bang). T 11t 14t : Chuyen phieu lu, mao hiem (hoat canh, kch). T 15t 18t : Tam ly, tnh cam, truyen cac thanh, danh nhan . . .
4. Tap ke trc nha : Co the ke cho em, chau trong gia nh hoac ke mot mnh trc gng.
III. MOT SO KY THUAT KE CHUYEN : 1. Nam vng noi dung cau chuyen : Nam vng noi dung cau chuyen e tranh ke sai, hoac ang ke phai dng lai e bo tuc them mot so tnh tiet ban au. 2. Nhap vai : Phai ket hp vi cung giong va ieu bo e the hien tng tnh tiet cua cau chuyen : Cung giong : To, nho, tram, bong . . . phu hp vi tnh tiet cau chuyen ang ke. ieu bo : Net mat va oi mat phai the hien that linh ong. Ban tay va i ng, c ong phu hp vi li ke. Ngon ng : T ng phai c thi s hoa va pho bien rong rai, phu hp vi la tuoi cua cac em. 3. Khac phuc nhng co tat : (Nh : gai au, gay mui, s cam, nang knh) Nhng co tat o de lam cac em oi vien chu y, khong tap trung nghe li ke cua cac ban (ngi ang ke chuyen). 4. Luon nh ton giao hoa hoac rut ra bai hoc giao duc : C Co hai cach : - Trc tiep : Chnh ngi ke se uc ket cau chuyen. - Gian tiep : Cho cac em nhan xet trc, ngi ke se uc ket sau. (Qua li noi cua nhan vat trong chuyen).
Qua o, chung ta nhan thay, ke chuyen ong vai tro kha quan trong trong viec ho tr cho bai hoc, v the chung ta co gang su tam that nhieu nhng mau Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 71
chuyen lien quan en cac bai hoc cang nhieu cang tot, e en khi can thiet em ra ap dung thc la li ch lam thay.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 72
KY NANG BANG REO
I. KHAI NIEM Bang reo la mot hnh thc ket hp gia khau hieu va vai ong tac e dien at mot ieu nao o. V du : Xng : Thanh The ap : Yeu men (kem ong tac) Xng : Thanh The ap : Ton th (kem ong tac)
II. MUC CH - Bang reo dung e thay oi bau kh ang lang ong, cang thang, kch thch tinh than hang hai, tan thng hoac chao mng . . . - Bang reo con dung e gi nh hay nhan manh mot chu e giao ly hoac ve nhan ban, ly tng, t cach . . .
III. YEU CAU CUA BANG REO 1. Chuan b : a. Sang tac khau hieu : (li xng) - Y tng sat vi noi dung bai hoc, bai hat. - T ng de hieu, phu hp vi oi tng. - Cung giong, ng ieu : Van : Bang Trac s dung hai hoa sao cho ng ieu thay oi lien tuc. Nhp : 2/2 ; 2/3 ; 3/2 + Chu y : Khau hieu nen ngan gon ( t 2 en 3 cau; moi cau khoang 2,3 ch) b. Sang tac ong tac : (tng t mini vu) - C ieu n s, d dom, de tap, khong n ieu. - ong tac i oi vi khau hieu, phu hp vi a iem. - Tan dung toi a cac phan cua than the ( Hong, au, tay, chan). - Tranh cac c ieu nho nhang kho coi. + Chu y : Sau khi sang tac, ngi quan tro phai thuoc long khau hieu va ong tac, nen tap trc cho nhuan nhuyen.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 73
2. Tien hanh : Tap tng cau, tng ong tac (theo th t vu ). Giai thch y ngha khau hieu, hoac ong tac (neu can). C ch va dang ieu cua quan tro t nhien, vui ti. Khi s dung vi bai hat : bang reo thng bat au hay ket thuc.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 74
KY NANG NAM NHOM
e hoat ong cua oi at hieu qua cao, vai tro cua ngi oi trng rat quan trong. Do o, la Tong o oi trng cac ban phai huan luyen cho mnh va cac oi trng tr thanh mot ngi lanh ao gioi cho oi. Cac ban phai lam sao cho cac oi vien oan ket, gan bo, hang say cung nhau hoc tap giao ly, tch cc cho phong trao. Nhng oi hoi o tom lai nh sau :
I. TNH YEU THNG CAC EM : e y va quan tam (t nhat la thuoc tng ten oi vien nhom mnh). Hoa mnh va lang nghe. Hy sinh quen mnh (ban than). Lu y : ng chieu theo nhng oi hoi khong hp ly.
II. TO CHC NHOM : Tuyen chon oi pho : Chon oi vien co uy tn nhat trong nhom. Phan cong, phan viec ro rang. Cho oi vien biet ro noi quy lp, cap, oi . . . Noi ve nhng quy c gia mnh va cac oi vien trong oi (noi qui oi). Tap v. Tra bai, lam bai. Chuyen can, giay phep khi vang mat. Cach phat bieu, cach xin phep phat bieu. . . . . . . .
III. CHUAN B MOT GI NAM NHOM : Cau nguyen (ieu quan trong nhat can thc hien).
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 75
Soan chng trnh ky cang (Giao ly, chuyen mon, phong trao. . . ) Chuan b cac bai hat, bang reo, tro chi, mini vu . . . Chia gi giang bai, gi chi, gi ieu hanh nhom. V du : 9g : Tap hop, iem danh, oc kinh au gi . . . 9g5 : On bai cu, dan vao bai mi. 9g10 : Giang bai mi (20p). 9g35 : Chep bai, nhan manh y chnh. 9g40 : Ke chuyen, tap hat. 9g55 : Dan do, cau nguyen ket thuc. Chuan b chng trnh, a iem d phong khi tri ma. Nghien cu trc cac tnh huong bat ng : Co xe ln xin ng i ung cho mnh ngoi. am ci, on ao, hay tieng ong gay s lo ra ni cac em. Co ngi an xin en xin tien ni cac em hoc. . . . . . . . .
IV. TIEN HANH : Tao tnh than, gan gui cac oi vien. Chon goc ngoi hoc, san chi cho oi mnh. Chon hng ngoi giang bai cho co hieu qua. Thc hien cac bc cua mot buoi sinh hoat. Tan dung cac phng phap truyen at va cac ky nang sinh hoat.
V. KET THUC : Tap quan sat, nghi nh nhng tnh huong xay ra. Sau moi buoi sinh hoat nhom, can rut ra u khuyet iem, ghi chu vao so tay cua mnh e tien bo nhanh va tranh sai pham lap lai cho nhng buoi sinh hoat sau. Song song vi viec sinh hoat trong nhom, cac ban nen giup cac ban oi trng nen chon mot ngay (co the quy nh ngay hoac bat thng) e cho cac oi vien tap tnh tam, nham muc ch giup cho oi vien biet cau nguyen cung Chua, biet nhn lai nhng viec lam cua ban than, biet quyet tam thc hien nhng g Chua muon qua cac anh ch Huynh trng, oi trng .
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 76
Trong chng trnh tnh tam, cac ban nen mi Trng phu trach cung gop y tham d e buoi tnh tam at hieu qua cao ma khong nham chan (buon ngu) hoac keo dai le the (mat tap trung). Ngi dan chng trnh tnh tam can phai soan ky e khong b chay gi.
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 77
PHU LUC THAP MORSE :
BANG CH CAI BANG MORSE :
DAU NG :
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 78
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 79
SEMAPHORE :
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 80
BAI 1 : LCH S VA BC TIEN CUA PHONG TRAO ................. 1 I. NGUON GOC PHONG TRAO : ........................................................................................ 1 II. LCH S PHONG TRAO TAI VIET NAM : ................................................................. 1 III. THIEU NHI THANH THE VIET NAM TAI GIAO PHAN THANH PHO HO CH MINH (LIEN OAN ANRE PHU YEN) ............................................................................. 1
BAI 2 : BAN CHAT VA TON CH ......................................................... 1 I. BAN CHAT .............................................................................................................................. 1 II. TON CH CUA THIEU NHI THANH THE ................................................................ 2 III. MUC CH ................................................................................................................................. 2 IV. NG LOI .......................................................................................................................... 2
BAI 3 : LUAT VA LI HA ..................................................................... 2 I. LUAT ............................................................................................................................................ 2 II. KHAU HIEU ............................................................................................................................ 4 III. LI HA ................................................................................................................................ 5 IV. TOM LAI : ................................................................................................................................ 5
BAI 4 : CAC BAI CA CHNH THC ........................................................... 6 THIEU NHI TAN HANH CA ................................................................................................... 6 AU NHI CA ..................................................................................................................................... 6 THIEU NHI CA ............................................................................................................................... 6 NGHA S CA ................................................................................................................................ 6 KINH HUYNH TRNG .............................................................................................................. 6 LI NGUYEN TONG O .................................................................................................... 7 KINH OI TRNG .................................................................................................................. 7 DANG NGAY .............................................................................................................................. 7 KINH TRC BA AN .......................................................................................................... 7 LI HA THIEU NHI .............................................................................................................. 7 BAI CA GOI LA THIENG ................................................................................................... 7 BAI CA CHAO LA THIENG ............................................................................................. 7 MANG LA VE TIM ................................................................................................................... 8 CA TAM BIET ............................................................................................................................... 8 KINH TOI ........................................................................................................................................ 8
BAI 5 : LANH NHAN LI CHUA ............................................................. 8 I. LANH NHAN LI CHUA .................................................................................................. 8 II. BO HOA THIENG & CHIEN DCH ............................................................................... 10
BAI 6 : BAI CA SINH HOAT ........................................................................ 10 HNG ONG VN LEN ................................................................................................... 10 VAO SA MAC ............................................................................................................................. 10 MANNA CHO EM .......................................................................................................................... 10 MAY HONG ............................................................................................................................... 10 TNH CA SA MAC ........................................................................................................................ 11 LU AY SA MAC .................................................................................................................... 11 VE AT HA .......................................................................................................................... 11 Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 81
QUA BIEN O .......................................................................................................................... 11 SINAI ................................................................................................................................................ 11 HAY THAP SANG LEN ..................................................................................................... 11 VONG TRON YEU THNG ............................................................................................. 12 MOI NGI LA HOA ........................................................................................................... 12 KHAU HIEU THIEU NHI ....................................................................................................... 12 TIN MNG CU O ............................................................................................................ 12 MANNA ............................................................................................................................................ 12 ONG DAO BA NGANH ........................................................................................................ 12
BAI 7 : LA THIENG THANH THE ....................................................... 13 I. NGHI THC LA THIENG THANH THE ................................................................. 13 II. Y NGHA LA .................................................................................................................... 13 III. MUC CH LA THIENG THANH THE ................................................................... 14 IV. TO CHC MOT EM LA THIENG THANH THE ...................................... 14 V. DIEN TIEN CUA EM LA THIENG THANH THE ...................................... 14
CHUYEN MON .............................................................................................. 17 I. KHAI NIEM VE KY THUAT CHUYEN MON ...................................................... 17 II. MUC CH CUA KY THUAT CHUYEN MON ....................................................... 17 III.CACH HOC VA DAY KY THUAT CHUYEN MON ............................................ 17 IV.KET LUAN : .......................................................................................................................... 18
NGHIEM TAP ................................................................................................ 18 I. TONG QUAT VE NGHIEM TAP ................................................................................. 18 II. CAC QUI NH VE NGHIEM TAP ............................................................................. 19 III. CACH RA LENH ................................................................................................................. 19 IV. CAC HIEU LENH ............................................................................................................. 20 V. CAC KHAU HIEU .............................................................................................................. 20 VI. CAC THE NG ............................................................................................................. 21 VII. OI THE ............................................................................................................................. 22 VIII. CACH CHAO .................................................................................................................... 24 IX. OI HNH ............................................................................................................................... 25 X. CACH OI THE QUAY .................................................................................................... 25 XI. KY LUAT VE CAC OI HNH .................................................................................. 27 A. Ky Luat Khi Tap Hop : ................................................................................................ 27 1. oi vi oan sinh : .................................................................................................... 27 2. oi vi Trng : ......................................................................................................... 28 B. Cach So Hang oi : ..................................................................................................... 28 C. Cac oi Hnh : ................................................................................................................. 29 1. HANG DOC : ................................................................................................................ 29 2. HNH CH U : .............................................................................................................. 30 3. HNH TRON : ................................................................................................................. 31 4. HNH BAN NGUYET : (na vong tron) ........................................................... 32 5. HANG NGANG : ........................................................................................................... 32 6. HNH RE QUAT : ......................................................................................................... 34 XII. TRNH DIEN : ....................................................................................................................... 34
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 82
KY NANG CU THNG .......................................................................... 37 TAI CHO: ..................................................................................................................................... 39 HO HAP NHAN TAO : .......................................................................................................... 40 E LNG VA KEO TAY : .................................................................................................... 40 HA HI THOI NGAT : ............................................................................................................ 41 AN TIM NGOAI LONG NGC : ......................................................................................... 42 HOI SC NGNG TIM NGNG TH : ............................................................................ 43 X TR CHAN THNG PHAN MEM : .......................................................................... 44 NGAT NC : ............................................................................................................................ 44 RAN CAN : ................................................................................................................................ 45 SAY NANG : ................................................................................................................................ 46 PHONG : ...................................................................................................................................... 46 A. Phong do nhiet : .............................................................................................................. 46 B. Phong do Acid : ................................................................................................................. 47 C. Phong do nha ng long : ..................................................................................... 47 D. Phong do ien giat : ..................................................................................................... 47 DI CHUYEN : ............................................................................................................................... 48 1. a ngi t tren lau xuong : .................................................................................. 48 2. a ngi t di nc vao b : ......................................................................... 48 3. a ngi t trong nha ang boc chay ra ngoai : ............................................. 49 4. Tai thng : ......................................................................................................................... 49 5. Biet x tr trc mot tai nan xe co : ....................................................................... 51
KY NANG LEU TRAI ................................................................................. 53 I. A IEM : .............................................................................................................................. 53 II. CHUAN B VAT DUNG : .................................................................................................. 54 III. KY THUAT DNG LEU : ............................................................................................... 54 DNG LEU VI MOT NGI: .................................................................................. 56
NUT DAY....................................................................................................... 58 1. Nut Det: .................................................................................................................................... 58 2. Nut Det Kep 1: ...................................................................................................................... 58 3. Nut Det Kep 2 : ..................................................................................................................... 59 4. Nut Hoa cot giay : (Nut Det khoa song) .................................................................. 59 5. Th Det : .................................................................................................................................. 59 6. Th Det Song : (co khoa) ............................................................................................... 59 7. Noi ch cau: .......................................................................................................................... 59 8. Nut Thuyen chai : ............................................................................................................... 60 9. Nut Ghe n : ........................................................................................................................ 60 10. Ghe kep 1; 11. Ghe kep 2 : .......................................................................................... 60 12. Rap cay ch thap t : .................................................................................................. 60
KY NANG TAP HAT................................................................................. 61 + HAT : ........................................................................................................................................ 61 + TAP HAT : ............................................................................................................................. 62
TAP MUA BAI HAT (MINI VU) .............................................................. 64
Giao x: c Me Hang Cu Giup oan TNTT Ban Giao Ly Vien
http://huynhtruong-dmhcg.net Trang 83
KY NANG QUAN TRO ............................................................................. 66 I. CACH RA MOT TRO CHI : ........................................................................................... 66 II. BON IEU CAN THIET CHO NGI QUAN TRO : ...................................... 66 III. UC KET CUA NGI QUAN TRO : ................................................................. 67
KY NANG KE CHUYEN ........................................................................... 69 I. TAM QUAN TRONG CUA CHUYEN KE : .................................................................. 69 II. NHNG CHUAN B CAN THIET : ............................................................................. 69 III. MOT SO KY THUAT KE CHUYEN : ..................................................................... 70
KY NANG BANG REO ................................................................................ 72 I. KHAI NIEM : .......................................................................................................................... 72 II. MUC CH : .............................................................................................................................. 72 III. YEU CAU CUA BANG REO : ...................................................................................... 72
KY NANG NAM NHOM ............................................................................ 74 I. TNH YEU THNG CAC EM : ......................................................................................... 74 II. TO CHC NHOM : ........................................................................................................... 74 III. CHUAN B MOT GI NAM NHOM : ..................................................................... 74 IV. TIEN HANH : ...................................................................................................................... 75 V. KET THUC : ......................................................................................................................... 75
PHU LUC .......................................................................................................... 77 THAP MORSE : .......................................................................................................................... 77 BANG CH CAI BANG MORSE : ................................................................................... 77 DAU NG : ......................................................................................................................... 77 SEMAPHORE : .............................................................................................................................. 79