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By Dambar B. Khadka EM Food science, Technology and Nutrition, KaHo sint- Lieven Gent, Belgium
INTRODUCTION
Anaemia affects one-quarter of the world population (Mclean, 2008) Anaemia is defined as decrease in concentration of circulating red blood cell (RBC) or in haemoglobin concentration and related to impaired capacity to transport oxygen (WHO 2004)
Threshold Haemoglobin concentration 110 g/l 110 g/l 115 g/l 120 g/l 120 g/l 130 g/l
Haematocrit concentration
6.83 mmol/l
6.83 mmol/l 7.13 mmol/l 7.45 mmol/l 7.45 mmol/l 8.07 mmol/l
World wide 1.2 billion people is affected by IDA (WHO Estimate 2004)
essential for transfer oxygen via blood stream from the lungs to tissue
decrease the fitness and aerobic working capacity (Beard 2001) reduced oxygen transport and respiratory efficiency (ATP Formation) normally accepted problems of IDA (Dallman 1986).
a lower PDI and MDI on short term and long term observation But no Improvement in most cases of intervention trials in both short term and Long Term
Good association but still need to verify Iron deficiency decrease energy , O2 supply, can impaired myelination in CNS
Impaired cell mediated immune responses -decreasing the capacity of netrophills - impairment in T cell proliferation No improvement on iron supplementation -influence may be due to excess iron or Multiple factors Plausible evidence is not sufficient
Risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight and possibility to affects the neonatal health
gestation had a 1.18-1.75 times higher risk or preterm birth and low birth weight (Murphy et al., 1986)
CFR in children higher (<50g/l) than children (>50g/L) for a specific cases CFR ranges 2-29% No dose specific Hb and CFR Might be influence of other factor.
et al 2001a)
(Brabin
9 per 100,000 live birth due to severe-malarial-anaemia 41 due to non-malarial (mostly nutritional) anaemia related death per 100,000 live birth.
et al 2001b)
(Brabin
Most of the studies related with malarial anaemia and mortality Most of data from developing country, malaria endemic area Subjects are from hospital cases, contain more than one health problems no clear relationship between IDA and mortality. Limited on Iron Interventional trials No solid conclusion up to now
Total 4.4 1.7 1.8 1.0 3.0 0.7 3 578 621 482 1 102 982 453
Heavy metal Absorption e.g. Lead poisoning Economy loss for o Intervention and treatment o Disability or mortality (YLL AND DALY or QALY)
High Risk Socio-cultural and Demographic factor Health Education, Family Region Culture Food habit and Taboos Poverty
In severe risk and complexes situations Medical intervention Therapeutic Food Development of effective Surveillance system simple and fast tool for assessing and monitoring of programme and intervention
CONCLUDING REMARKS
one of the major micro nutrient deficiency Multifactor cause Major risk group Children and women (menstutrating and pregnant) affect working productivity and perforformance, growth can also affect brain and behaviour development, pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health Possibility of major cause of the anaemic mortality in children and maternal woman Food based approach along with integration of community programme essential Effective surveillance and monitoring needed Further research for true assessment of IDA and its impacts; with citing the all the possible factor helpful for strategy and intervention development
Question?