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American University of Sharjah College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering

ELE 371L Electric Machines and Power Systems Lab Objectives: To learn the measurements techniques on the three phase power system. To understand phase sequence. To understand three phase balanced operation. To understand voltage and current in the three-phase system. To under stand the real and reactive power in three-phase power system. Experiment #1 Introduction to Three Phase Power System Fall 2011

Equipment:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Description Three phase power supply Phase angle meter Three phase resistive load Three phase inductive load Three phase capacitive load Three phase ammeter Multimeter Three phase Watt/VAR meter Three phase Squirrel-cage induction motor
Table 1

Module No. EMS 8821 EMS 8451 EMS 8311 EMS 8321 EMS 8331 EMS 8425 EMS8446 EMS 8221

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Discussion: Three phase circuits are in the majority of cases they are symmetrical and have identical impedances each branch. Each branch can be treated exactly as single phase circuit due to balance system. Therefore voltage, current and power relationships for three phase circuits can be determined using the same rules and methods developed for single phase circuits. In balanced three phase circuits the magnitude of either the voltage or the current are equals in each phase while each phase will be displaced by 120o from each other phase. |EA| = |EB| = |EC| and |IA| = |IB| = |IC|

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The three phase circuits can be connected in either Wye or Delta configration

Figure 1. (a) Three phase Wye configuration (b) Three phase Delta configuration

For Wye circuits: Eline = 3 Ephase and I line = Iphase For Delta connection: Eline = Ephase and I line = 3 Iphase The total active power supplied to a balanced three phase load is: PT = 3 x P phase = 3 (Ephase x Iphase x cos ) The total reactive power supplied to a balanced three phase load is: QT = 3 x Q phase = 3 (Ephase x Iphase x sin ) The total apparent power can be found by using the following formula: ST = 3 (Ephase x Iphase ) = PT + QT The phase sequence of the voltages or currents of three phase circuit is the order in which they follow each other. Positive sequence (ABC): In this configuration phase A leads phase B by 120 degree and phase B leads phase C by 120 degree.

Negative sequence (ACB): In this configuration phase A leads phase C by 120 degree and phase C leads phase B by 120 degree.

Procedure:
2

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Note:- Turn by turn each fellow of group must involve in connection 1. Turn on the three-phase power supply (EMS 8821) and adjust the voltage on the terminal 4-5-6 to 220 phase voltage, using on board voltmeter. Using the onboard voltmeter, measure the three lines to neutral voltages (terminal 4, 5 & 6 are defined as phases A, B & C). Quantity VAN VBN VCN VAB VBC VCA Value Units

Ist partner start connection other two require to help and monitor

Table 2

Q1) Does your data indicate the expected relationship between line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltage magnitudes? 2. Using A-phase line-to-neutral voltage as reference, determine the phase B & C line-to-neutral phase angle with the phase angle meter (EMS8451). The connection diagram is shown below for the measuring B phase.

4 5 6 N

O O O O

O 1 O 2

3 O 4 O 8451

8821

Figure 2

Quantity
AN BN CN

Value

Units

Table 3

Q2) Is the source operating with positive or negative phase sequence? 3. Using the phase angle meter (EMS8451), determine the phase angle of all the line-to-lineO voltages. Record your data and construct a phasor diagram 4 indicating all six-source voltages. Connection diagram for measuring the 5 O phase angle of the AB line-to-line voltage is shown below.
6 O 3

N O 8821

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O 1 O 2

3 O 4 O 8451

Figure 3

Quantity
AB BC CA

Value

Units

Table 4

Q3a)Does your phasor diagram look like as you expect? State why or why not Q3b)Is the source balanced or unbalanced? Give reason for your response. 4. Connect the three-phase power source (EMS8821) to the three phase resistive load (EMS 8311). The load should be Y-connected with a phase to neutral resistance of 685.7 . Place the three-phase ammeter (EMS 8425), using the 1.5 A setting, in series with the load. Measure and record the three line current magnitudes (three load current magnitudes are the same in the Y-connected case). Also measure and record the neutral current, using ammeter. Quantity IA IB IC IN
Table 5

Value

Units

Q4) Is the load balanced? State the reason for your answer.
5.

Using the resistive load bank (EMS 8311) create a -connected (each R = 685.7). Insert the ammeter in the circuit to measure the line currents. Are the loads equilant? Insert the ammeter to measure the load currents.

Quantity IA (line current) IB IC IAB (Load current)

Value

Units

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IBC ICA
Table 6

Q5) Do the currents obey the expected relationships?

6. 2nd partner start connection other two require to help and monitor

Connect the three-phase watt/VAR meter (EMS 8446) and ammeter (EMS 8425) between the source and a Y-connected load with each phase consisting of a 685.7 resistance in series with a j685.7 inductive reactance (EMS 8321). Measure and record the real and reactive power absorbed by the load and the three line current magnitudes. Quantity P3 Q3 IA IB IC
Table 7

Value W VAR

Units

Q6a) Compute and record the equivalent Y-connected impedance of the load based on the measured quantities.

ZY = -----------------------------------+ J-------------------------------------
Q6b) Using the known voltage and load impedance, compute the three phase complex power absorbed by the load. Q6c) Compare your computed result with the measured results (calculate the error percentage).
7.

Replace the inductive reactance with the three-phase capacitive load (EMS 8331) bank at -j685.7 . Measure and record the real and reactive power absorbed by the load and line current magnitudes. Quantity P3 Q3 IA IB IC
Table 8

Value W VAR

Units

Q7a) Compute and record the equivalent Y-connected impedance of the load based on the measured quantities.

ZY = -----------------------------------+ J-------------------------------------
5

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Q7b) Using the known voltage and load impedance, compute the three phase complex power absorbed by the load. Q7c) Compare your computed result with the measured one (calculate the error percentage).
8. 3rd partner start connection other two require to help and monitor

Replace the load with Y-connected load in which all three phases contain a series combination of 685.7 resistances, a j685.7 inductive reactance and a -j685.7 capacitive reactance. Record the real and reactive powers absorbed by the load. Remove the capacitance and record the real and reactive powers absorbed by the load. With capacitive load. Quantity P3 Q3 Value W VAR
Table 9

Units

Q8a) Explain the results for the reactive power. Without capacitive load. Quantity P3 Q3 Value W VAR
Table 10

Units

Q8b) Explain the change in the reactive power. 9. Replace the load with the three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor (EMS 8221) with no mechanical load. Record the real and reactive power delivered to the motor. Quantity P3 Q3
Table 11

Value W VAR

Units

Q9) Compute the power factor of the motor.

Note:- Your conclusion must reflect all the measurements and data.