MATHEMATICAL MODELING PROCESS PLANT FESTO BURKERT (Reactor Thermal Process) PRESENTED BY: MORGAN GARAVITO VSQUEZ EDWIN

GONZALEZ ALONSO CESAR RENE CASTRO DIAZ THOMAS UNIVERSITY 2005

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Perform mass and energy balances, according to the laws of thermodynamics views during the subject. Make the control of the process by Burkert FESTO controller. Conduct an analysis of the behavior of the substance and its properties thermodynamic in the process. Make a graph to visualize changes in temperature of the substance time. These data will be obtained by the thermocouple. Find the transfer function of the system by modeling software Matlab mathematical, this will be to obtain the list of changes temperature at different stages of the process. GENERAL PURPOSE Obtain a mathematical model, which is solution of the thermal process, applying the knowledge acquired during the course. PROBLEM In thermal processes there are always changes in the properties of substances, is often necessary to know the state in which it is located so as to maintain a desired operating value of the process variables. Using a data acquisition card (DAQ) from National Semiconductor connected to the computer and the driver, you can purchase each of the variable change function of time. This is to make a curve with these changes. The program will use to acquire the data, modeling software MATLAB mathematical, which will also be used to design the process model. These can be as example, electrical, temperature, flow, level, pressure, etc. To carry out this process is necessary to use a digital controller Burkert, the allowing us to perform a check on the process variable, which in this case is the temperature. This controller has the advantage of performing the process in two ways: Manual and Automatic, during the development of this practice will configure the controller Manual mode. To achieve the above objectives, it is very important to have the basic knowledge of programming and controller configuration, so that can view and modify the process variables. Through the various laws of thermodynamics and mathematical modeling physical systems, we find the equations that characterize this process to carry out. A comparison between the data obtained by the controller and the mathematical model reached. Once done, check if the model is a solution of the system. Some physical factors that interfere in this process are heat, internal energy, pressure, enthalpy and work. These factors are important to derive the equations and the behavior of the substance under temperature changes.

ELEMENTS USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Container This element is the substance that stores inside, additionally has at its side a graduated scale that allows us to know the level of the fluid.

Digital Controller Burkert (FESTO) This is one of the devices important because it allows control and displaying the process variable.

Thermocouple This is a type temperature sensor pt 100 enabling a reading of the variable during the process. The display of this variable will be through the controller screen. Water Pump The pumps are used to provide or remove all kinds of liquids; they are responsible supply energy to a fluid to move or move from one point to another. This actuator be responsible for increase or decrease the volume of the container.

DAQ and modeling program MATLAB Through these instruments observe, curve behavior of the different signals. In addition, we serve to reach the design a model in which the response time is equal to the actual signal.

Electrical resistance This device is responsible for delivering energy heat through the fluid, thus producing a change in its properties.

SPECIFICATION OF CONTAINER PLANT The mixing container is an insulated container, which in the case of used in the laboratory is about 17 liters of capacity. It's called mixing because mixing within the cold water and hot water, or liquid water with the study.

Both around and in its substance and its cover, has a Cover styrofoam, fiberglass, plastic or polyurethane foam that prevents the flow heat in or out (adiabatic container). The lid is removable for it to enter the water or solid which is to be determined temperature changes. Inside there is an electrical resistance, a pump and a thermocouple to the outside leaving the sides of the container. The pump makes for a good mix of water within the container, because if not were mixed, the water would be slightly different temperature stratified. The electrical resistance is in the middle of the fluid to provide heat to the liquid. It operates using 230V AC, 1000W. The ground connections are sent within the connectors on the shelter floor. The heating unit on and off by a relay and the relay control voltage is 24 V DC. The thermocouple is in charge of taking the temperature data. COMMAND MATLAB Data This list of commands is designed to acquire two analog signals from the controller. These may be temperature and pressure or temperature and level. In this we set a sampling rate of the signal, because it is necessary to convert to a discrete signal for digitizing. If the signal were to contain some noise, could design a filter which eliminated and thus observe the raw signal. clc clear ai=analoginput('nidaq') addchannel(ai,1:2) set(ai.channel(1),'InputRange',[-10 10]) set(ai.channel(2),'InputRange',[-10 10]) set(ai,'samplerate',8000) set(ai,'samplespertrigger',8000) disp('Dar enter para inicio') pause start(ai) [data,t]=getdata(ai); figure(1) plot(t,data(:,2))

Before the commissioning of the plant and the acquisition of data, it is necessary to define a number of parameters or conditions: Type of substance: water Volume: 631.38gr Initial temperature: 21.9 C It took a temperature below ambient, so that the data acquired are the sufficient, since the container has a number of measuring ranges. Once assigned the initial conditions of the process, proceed with the acquisition of data: 15 samples were taken at intervals of temperature 60 seconds, and as you can observed in the vector, the temperature changes are rising because there is a energy transfer to the system. Tcensada = [21.9 22.5 23 23.9 24.8 25.5 26 26.4 26.9 28.1 29.4 30 31 31.6 32.6]; time = [0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840];

MODEL DESIGN To design the model, omitted a number of variables such as changes in volume, pressure and enthalpy. Furthermore, it was determined that the system is adiabatic, lie does not exchange heat with its surroundings. The mixing container is a closed container with adiabatic walls and caps, ie that prevents the passage of heat in or out. With this equipment can be determined by

specific heat and fluid temperatures. In his inside the calorimeter not only absorbs heat from the fluid inside the itself, but also absorbs heat the thermocouple, pump and electrical resistance. Therefore, we must consider these elements when making a heat balance between heat absorbed and the heat transfer. As it is very difficult to determine the mass and heat capacity of the thermometer, stirrer and electric resistance heat is absorbed ignored by them. Not because they are difficult to find, but they are negligible due to sensing time is very short. 1.1 Because the system does not work W is equal to zero. Therefore: Q = U2 - U1 1.2 Where Q, the heat transferred by the resistance equals the internal energy changes system.We also need to: dU = Ce * dT 1.3 Ce: specific heat of the body. The amount of heat that must be delivered to the unit mass of a body to increase its temperature by one unit, units in joules / g C. dT: the rate of change of temperature versus time. Integrating this equation we have: U2 - U1 = Ce * (Tinicial - Tfinal) 1.4 Multiply both sides by 'd' and 'v' are the density and volume of liquid, to express U in terms of energy since this is in KJ / Kg. (U2 - U1) * M * d = Ce * v * d * (Tinicial Tfinal) 1.5 Equating equation 1.5 with the 1.2 we have: Ce * v * d * (Tinicial - Tfinal) = Q

1.6 As Q = V * I * t 1.7 V = voltage resistance I = current through the resistance t = time of resistance is active Substituting equation 1.6 in 1.5 we have: Ce * v * d * (Tinicial - Tfinal) = V * I * t 1.8 We proceed to clear the final temperature: Tfinal = (V * I * t) / (Ce * v * d) + Tinicial 1.9 Here we have obtained the mathematical model with which to obtain the temperature any liquid at any instant of time.

Replacing data: The product of 'V' and 'I' is energy dissipated by the resistance. But in our case, we have the courage of the resistance is 3.5 OMH and the current 3.1 Amp, then: V * I = R * (R ^ 2) = 3.5 * (3.1 ^ 2). The specific heat Ce, we search any text in physical chemistry liquid tables, which in our case is water. Ce = 4.1858 Joule / g C. The volume and initial temperature are conditions set by us and density of the fluid is in this case is water. V = 631.38 cm3 Tinicial = 21.9 C D = 1 g/cm3 Replacing all the parameters in Equation 1.9 we have: Tfinal = [(3.5) * (3.1 ^ 2) * (t )]/[( 4.1858) * (631.38) * (1)] + 9.21 Tfinal = 0.0127 * t + 9.21 2.0 We graph the equation in Matlab 2.0 and observe it as a possible solution because this is an upward slope and is very similar to the temperature at the time of various substances.

Graphical comparison of signals As noted in the graph, we can say that our model successfully, it is a system for obtaining the temperature of any liquid at any time t. The sensed temperature is not quite a straight line because these are data real and in this, play a lot of variables that do not take into account. Since the model designed was idealized, but the margin of error with respect to it, is very small. COMPARISON OF BOTH SIGNS IN MATLAB %tiempos de censo t=[0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840]; %temperaturas censadas Tcen=[21.9 22.5 23 23.9 24.8 25.5 26 26.4 26.9 28.1 29.4 30 31 31.6 32.6]; %valor de la resistencia ohmios R=3.5; %corriente que pasa por la resistencia AMP I=3.1; %densidad de la sustancia g/cm3 d=1; %volumen de la sustancia cm3 v=631.38; %calor especifico de la sustancia KJ/Kg. Ce=4.23; %temperatura inicial de la sustancia centgrada Tinicial=21.9; %temperatura de la sustancia en cualquier instante t Tfinal=R*(I^2)*t/(d*v*Ce)+Tinicial; %superponemos la grafica de Tcen con Tfinal con respecto al tiempo plot(t,Tcen,'k-',t,Tfinal,'r-'); legend('temp. sensada','temp. del modelo') xlabel('tiempo (segundos)'); ylabel('temperatura (C)'); grid ;

BIBLIOGRAPHY Manual operation of the controller Burkert. automatic process control "Theory and practice." Smith - Corripio. Thermodynamics, Yunus Cengel - Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics, Kenneth Wark - Donald E. Richards